2021届高考二轮英语总复习语法精练学案：定语从句 Word版含解析

2021届高中英语总复习小题必练（新高考）：定语从句
考点透视
考点1关系代词?
（2020·山东卷）The
80,000
objects
collected
bySir
Hans
Sloane,
for
example,formed?the
core
collection
of
the
British
Museum????????opened
in
1759.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查连词。根据空格前的先行词the
British
Museum与空格后的谓语动词opened，判断此处为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
【点拨】
1.?限制性定语从句中,??只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词是all,?much,?
little,?
something,?everything,?
anything,?
nothing,?none等不定代词时。
?(2)先行词被the
only,?any,?
few,?
no,?very等修饰时。
?(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
(4)先行词既有人也有物时。
?(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
2.?只用which不用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
?(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。
3.?引导非限制性定语从句的as与which
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
考点2?关系副词
（2020·全国I卷）China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
abovethe
moon
in
a
spot?????????it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
toEarth.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，从句“it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
toEarth”不缺主谓宾，缺状语，而先行词spot为地点，故填where。
【点拨】关系副词与关系代词的易混点：
若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation,
point,stage,
position,
part,
condition,
case等，且引导词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where或“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果引导词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which引导。
?
考点突破
一、单句语法填空
1.?He
is
the
only
person
in
his
company
___________
is
invited
to
the
party.
2.
Do
you
know
the
reason________
she
refused
the
invitation?
3.
We
are
living
in
an
age___________
the
society
develops
rapidly.
4.?Inancient
China
lived
an
artist????????paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
5.?On
the
edge
of
thejacket,
there
is
a
piece
of
cloth????????gives
off
light
in
the
dark.
6．This
woman
has
set
a
good
example
to
her
son,
_________is
a
really
lucky
guy.
7．Over
the
years,
I
have
met
some
interesting
people.Two
of
the
most
interesting
people
were
two
elderly
sisters，Joan
and
Bernice，____________way
of
talking
about
people
inspired
me.
8.The
shelter,____________is
designed
for
the
thousands
of
traders
and
shoppers
at
Bangkok’snight
market，has
become
an
attractionitself.
9.The
old
man
turnedhis
business
over
to
his
younger
son,
____________made
his
elder
sondiscouraged.
10.
I
will
neverforget
such
a
beautiful
village
____________I
spent
my
childhood
with
mygrandparents.
11.
There
they
metpeople
from
other
parts
of
the
country,
____________had
also
volunteered
tohelp.
12.Bob
is
in
ahopeless
situation，____________we
willkeep
a
very
close
eye
on.
13.Take
an
active
partin
the
activities
you
enjoy
____________
you
can
make
many
friends.
14.Those
who
canachieve
high
grades
in
class
tend
to
be
weak
in
handling
some
practicalproblems，____________is
often
thecase.
15.
Having
tea
inthe
late
afternoon
provides
a
bridge
between
lunch
and
dinner,
____________might
not
be
served
until
8
o’clock
at
night.
二、单项选择
16.
Many
lessons
arenow
available
online,
from
__________
students
can
choose
for
free.
A.
whose????????
???????????????
B.which?????????????????
C.
when??
???????????????
???????
D.
whom
17.
Dr.
Rowan,__________
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago,
has
had
to
do
all
his
own
typing.
A.
whose???????????????????????
B.of
whom????
???????
C.
of
which???????
???????
???????
D.which
18.
A
man
with
ableeding
hand
hurried
in
and
asked,
“Is
there
a
hospital
around
______
I
canget
some
medicine
for
my
wounded
hand?”
A.
that????????????????????????????
B.
which?????????????????
C.
where?
???????????????
???????
D.
what
19.
She
says
thatshe’ll
never
forget
the
time
________
she’s
spent
working
as
a
secretary
in
ourcompany.
A.
which????????????????????????
B.
when??
??????
C.how?????
???????????????
???????
D.
where
20.
We
have
entered
into
an
age
_______
dreams
have
the
best
chance
ofcoming
true.
A.
which???????????????????????
B.
what???????????
???????
C.
when??
???????
???????
???????
D.
that
21.
Self-driving
is
an
area
_______
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
areon
the
same
starting
line.
A.
that???
????????????????????
B.
where?
?????????????
C.
which???
???????????????????????
D.when
22.
The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere
______his
employees
enjoy
their
work.
A.
where
??????????????????????
B.which?????????????????
C.
when??
???????????????????????
D.who
23.The
book
tells
stories
of
the
earthquake
through
the
eyes
of
those________
lives
were
affected.
A.
whose?
????????????????????
B.
that?
????????????????
C.
who?
???????????????????????
D.
whom
24.
Kae,
_________sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
A.
whom???
????????????????
B.
that????????????????????
C.whose???
???????????????????????
D.her
25.
A
company
______profits
from
home
markets
are
declining
may
seekopportunities
abroad.
A.
which????
??????
B.
whose????
??????
C.who????
?
???????
D.
why
26.
She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A.
which???
????????
B.
who???
???????????
C.
as???
???????
???????
D.
that
27.
In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of
________purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
A.
which?????????
B.
its???????
????
C.whose???????
???????
?D.
whom
28.
Many
young
people,
most
_________were
well-educated,
headed
forremote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
A.
of
which????????????????????????????????????????????
B.of
them??????
???????????????
C.
of
whom????????????????????????????????????????????
D.of
those
?
答案及解析
一、单句语法填空
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：他是他公司里唯一一个被邀请参加聚会的人。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词person，且先行词前有the
only修饰，所以填that。
【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：你知道她拒绝邀请的理由吗？分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the
reason，且定语从句中缺少原因状语，所以填why。
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：我们生活在一个社会快速发展的时代。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是an
age，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以填when。
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为her
son，故用who。
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，先行词为Joan
and
Bernice。
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是The
shelter，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。
【答案】which
【解析】句意：那位老人把生意交给了小儿子，这使他的大儿子很沮丧。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语，故填which。
【答案】where
【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记那个如此美丽的村庄，在那里我和祖父母一起度过我的童年。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是village，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导，相当于in
which。
【答案】who
【解析】句意：在那里他们遇到了从这个国家其他地方来的人，他们也是自愿来帮忙的。分析句子结构可知，设空处应是非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词是people，从句缺少主语，故填关系代词who。
【答案】which
【解析】句意：鲍勃现在正处于绝望的境地，我们将持续密切关注。此处是非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词是situation，从句中介词on后面缺少宾语，故填which。
【答案】where/and
【解析】句意：积极参加你喜欢的活动，在这些活动中你能交到很多朋友。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是activities，在句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。也可填and，构成“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。
【答案】as
【解析】句意：那些能在课堂上取得高分的人往往不擅长解决实际问题，这是常有的事情。as
is
often
the
case意为“这是常有的事情”，为固定用法。
【答案】which
【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。
?
二、单项选择
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many
lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr.
Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr.
Rowan’s
”，表示“……的”?，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。
【答案】?C
【解析】句意：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。句中的around不是介词，而是副词，意为＂在附近＂；其后的?where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词?hospital，where在定语从句中作状语。句意：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
【答案】A
【解析】在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。该题中的动词?spent缺宾语，故应用关系代词?which或?that。
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an
age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in
which。故选B。
【答案】A
【解析】句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词指人且在句中作定语修饰其后的名词“lives”，所以用whose。句意为：这本书以那些生活受到地震影响的人们的眼光讲述了这次地震的许多故事。
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
【答案】B
【解析】这是一个定语从句，a
company?是先行词，profit和?a
company是所属关系，所以要用关系代词whose。句意：在国内市场利润减少的公司可能会寻求国外发展的机会。故答案选B。
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____
helps
them
keep
fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，one
of
________
purposes
is
torelieve
worldwide
starvation是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the
World
Food
Programme，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many
young
people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都受过良。故C项正确。