2021届高中英语总复习小题必练(新高考):名词性从句
考点透视
考点1?主语从句
(2020·江苏卷)It
is
not
a
problem
__________we
can
win
the
battle;
it’s
just
a
matter
of
time.
A.
whether?????????????
B.
why???????????????????????????
C.
when???????????????????????????????????????
D.
where
【答案】A
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。A.
whether是否;B.
why为什么;C.
when什么时候;D.
where在哪里。根据下文it’s
just
a
matter
of
time可知,此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”,it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。
【点拨】
1.that引导的主语从句
(1)that引导主语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有词汇意义,但一般不可省略。
(2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种:
?It+be+形容词(necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,normal等)+that从句
?It+be+名词(短语)(a
pity,a
shame,good
news,a
fact,an
honour,a
wonder,no
wonder等)+that从句
?It+be+过去分词(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,considered,well-known,announced等)+that从句
?It+特殊动词或短语(seem,appear,happen,matter,turn
out,occur
to,make
no
difference等)+that从句
2.whether/if引导的主语从句
主语从句位于主句谓语动作前,表示“是否”,只能用whether。若用it作形式主语,则whether与if可互换。
3.wh-类连接词引导的主语从句
wh-类连接词包括连接代词(who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whatever等)和连接副词(when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等)。
?
考点2?表语从句
(2018·北京)This
is
_________
my
father
has
taught
me—to
always
face
difficulties
andhope
for
the?best.
A.
how???
???????????????????????????
B.which???
?????????????????
???????
C.
that???
????????????????????
D.what
【答案】D
【解析】句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_________
we
are
now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
【点拨】
可以接表语从句的连系动词有?be,
look,remain,
seem等等。
注意:
①表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词,连接代词和连接副词引导以外,还可以由as,as
if,asthough引导
②另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构:Thereason
why…is
that
…
(而不用?because)
It
(This,
That)
is
because…
?
考点3同位语从句
(2019·江苏卷)Scientists
have
obtained
more
evidence
___________
plastic
is
finding
itsway?into
the
human
body.
A.
what?????????????????????????????????
B.that?????????????????????????????????????????????
C.which?????????????????????????????????????????????
D.where
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
【点拨】
同位语从句一般由?that,
whether?等连词引导,常放在?advice,
doubt,
fact,
hope,
idea,
information,message,
news,
order,
possibility,
problem,
question,
reason,
truth,
word,suggestion.等名词的后面,说明该名词的具体内容。
?
考点4?宾语从句
(2020·天津卷)The
student
completed
this
experiment
to
makecome
true
__________
Professor
Joseph
had
said.
A.
that????????????????????
B.what???????????????????
C.
when??????????
???????
D.where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。_________Professor
Joseph
had
said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示”……所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
【点拨】
宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语,介词的宾语,某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。
①及物动词后的宾语从句:
②介词后的宾语从句:
③某些形容词后的宾语从句:
④非谓语动词后的宾语从句:
⑤关于形式宾语it
?
考点突破
一、单句语法填空
1.
What
students
do
at
collegeseems
to
matter
much
more
than?_____?they
go.
2.Over
thousands
of
years,they
began
to
depend
less
on????????could
be
hunted
or
gathered
from
the
wild,
andmore
on
animals
they
had
raised
and
crops
they
had
sown.
3.
While
they
arerare
north
of
88°,there
is
evidence
_____
they
range
all
the
way
across
theArctic,
and
as
far
south
as
James
Bay
in
Canada.
4.It
is
possible________
caffeine
may
cause
birth
defects
(缺陷)
in
humans,
too.
5.
She
askedme________
I
had
returned
the
books
to
the
library,
and
I
admitted
that
Ihadn't.
6.
The
most
pleasantthing
of
the
rainy
season
is________
one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
7.
The
manager
putforward
a
suggestion
________
we
should
have
an
assistant.
There
is
too
muchwork
to
do.
8.It
is
often
thecase________
anything
is
possible
for
those
who
hang
on
to
hope.
9.I'm
not
sure________is
more
frightened,
me
or
the
female
gorilla
(大
猩猩)
that
suddenly
appears
out
of
nowhere.
10.This
is
________my
father
has
taught
me
—
to
always
face
difficulties
and
hope
for
the
best.
11.Without
hissupport,
we
wouldn't
be________
we
are
now.
12.The
gold
medalwill
be
awarded
to
________
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
13.By
boat
is
theonly
way
to
get
here,
which
is________we
arrived.
14.Every
year,________
makes
the
most
beautiful
kite
will
win
a
prize
in
the
Kite
Festival.
15.Jane
movedaimlessly
down
the
treelined
street,
not
knowing________she
was
heading.
16.We
choose
thishotel
because
the
price
for
a
night
here
is
down
to
$20,
half
of________it
usedto
charge.
17.Your
support
isimportant
to
our
work.________
you
can
do
helps.
18.As
naturalarchitects,
the
Pueblo
Indians
figured
out
exactly
________
thick
the
adobewalls
needed
to
be
to
make
the
cycle
work
on
most
days.
19.I
didn'tunderstand
________
this
would
happen
and
my
credit
card
had
already
been
chargedfor
the
reservation.
20.We
must
find
out_____Karl
is
coming,
so
we
can
book
a
room
for
him.
?
二、语法填空
When
Herman
Kambugu
received
the
good
news
he
wasexpecting,
he
did
something
unusual.
He
ran
for
32km
in???1??(celebrate).Kambugu,
who
works
for
the
Standard
Chartered
Bank(StanChart)
in
Uganda,
wasamong
the
over
86,000
employees
around
the
world
who
had
attempted???2
?(take)part
in
a
relay
across
Belt
and
Road
countries
as
a
way
to
see
how
the
Belt
andRoad
Initiative(一带一路)
is
developing.
Kambugu
andseven
more
of
his
coworkers
in
StanChart’s
offices
around
the
world
visited
44destinations
along
the
Belt
and
Road
routes,???3???helped
them
understand
the
initiative
better.
Kambugu???4??(witness)how
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative
is
changing
life
for??5???better
in
East
Africa
so
far,
“TheMombasa-Nairobi
Railway
has
not
only
shortened
transportation
time,
but
alsocreated
over
20,000
jobs
for
local
people
in
Kenya,”
he
said.
Serena
Leung
fromthe
Hong
Kong
office
said???6??she
had
seen
during
her
journey
impressed???7
?(she).In
some
places,
people
greeted
them
in
Mandarin.
They
spoke
it???8??(fluently)than
some
people
from
Hong
Kong,
she
said
jokingly.
“By
running
together,
we
run
further,”
addedTherese
Neo,
a
customer
manager
from
the
Singapore
office.
As
she
saw
it,
thecountries???9?(participate)
in
the
Belt
and
RoadInitiative
were
like
the???10
?(runner).
When
they
join
forces,
they
havea
better
shared
future.
?
答案及解析
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there
be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
【答案】that
【解析】分析句子结构可知,该句是一个主从复合句,it作形式主语,that从句为真正的主语。
【答案】whether/if
【解析】句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认说我还没有还。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,且在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用;又根据句意可知此处表示“是否”,故用whether或if引导宾语从句。
【答案】that
【解析】句意:雨季最令人高兴的事情就是人们可以完全远离灰尘。分析句子结构可知,本句包含一个表语从句,且表语从句中句子结构完整,故使用that引导表语从句,that在表语从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用。
【答案】that
【解析】句意:经理提出了一个建议,我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了。分析句子结构可知,空处引导同位语从句,解释说明suggestion的具体内容,故填that。
【答案】that
【解析】句意:通常情况下,对于那些坚持希望的人来说,一切皆有可能。空处引导主语从句,从句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整,故使用that引导。
【答案】who
【解析】分析句子成分,空格处作从句的主语,根据后面的“me
or
the
female
gorilla”可知,作者把自己和大猩猩作对比,表示“我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”,故填who。
【答案】where
【解析】句意:要是没有他的帮助,我们就不会是现在的情形了。空处引导表语从句,表示的是具有抽象意义的地点,故用where引导。
【答案】whoever
【解析】句意:这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。从句中缺主语且表示“人”,因此填whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。
【答案】what
【解析】句意:这就是父亲教给我的——永远面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。表语从句中动词taught缺少直接宾语,且表示“……的东西”,故填what。
【答案】how
【解析】句意:坐船是到达这里唯一的方式,我们就是这样来的。how?引导表语从句,表示方式。
【答案】whoever
【解析】句意:每年,在风筝节上,制作出最漂亮风筝的人将会获奖。根据句子结构和句意可知,主语从句中缺少表示人的主语,故填whoever。
【答案】where
【解析】句意:简在绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着,不知道她要去哪里。本句考查名词性从句中的宾语从句,根据句意和句子结构可知,宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连词,故填where。
【答案】what
【解析】句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元,这是它以前要价的一半。此处考查宾语从句的引导词,在of后面what既引导宾语从句,又在从句中作charge的宾语。
【答案】Whatever
【解析】句意:你们的支持对我们的工作很重要,你们做的任何事情都有帮助。根据句意和结构可知,whatever引导的是主语从句,主语从句中缺少谓语动词do的宾语,表示事物,故用Whatever引导。
【答案】how
【解析】分析句子结构可知,空格处是一个宾语从句。空格后的thick为形容词,因此空格处应用副词,故填how。
【答案】why
【解析】根据语境可知,“我”不知道/不明白为什么会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因,故用why引导宾语从句。
【答案】when
【解析】分析句子结构可知,空格处是一个宾语从句,再由句意:我们必须清楚卡尔什么时候会来,以便我们可以为他订房。可知,这里用when引导宾语从句。
【答案】
1.
celebration?????????
2.
to
take???????
3.
which?????????????????
4.
has
witnessed?????????
5.
the
6.
what???????????????????
7.
her??????????????
8.more
fluently?????
9.
participating???????????
10.
runners
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了“一带一路”沿线国家的接力赛跑让人们了解“一带一路”倡议的发展情况。
1.考查名词。句意:他跑了32公里以示庆祝。作介词in的宾语用名词,故填celebration。
2.考查不定式。句意:在乌干达渣打银行工作的坎布古是世界各地逾8.6万名试图参加“一带一路”沿线国家的接力活动,以了解“一带一路”倡议的发展情况中员工的一员。attempt
to
do表示试图去做,故填to
take。
3.考查非限定性定语从句。句意:坎布古和渣打银行全球办公室的另外7名同事参观了“一带一路”沿线的44个目的地,这帮助他们更好地理解这一倡议。此处为非限定性定语从句,关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语,故填which。
4.考查时态。句意:坎布古见证了“一带一路”倡议迄今如何让东非人民的生活变得更好。此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响,根据so
far可知应该用现在完成时,故填has
witnessed。
5.考查定冠词。change...forthe
better表示“让……变得更好”,故填the。
6.考查主语从句。句意:香港办事处的梁淑芬说,她一路上所看到的景象给她留下了深刻的印象。此处为主语从句,从句中的seen缺少宾语,故填what。
7.考查代词。作动词impressed的宾语用宾格形式,故填her。
8.考查副词比较级。句意:他们的普通话说得比有些香港人还流利。than表明此处用副词比较级形式,故填more
fluently。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:在她看来,参与“一带一路”倡议的国家就像赛跑者一样。countries与participate之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现在分词作后置定语,故填participating。
10.考查名词复数。runner是可数名词,此处用复数表示泛指,故填runners。