练习08-语法2：构词法
【练习导航】
一、单项选择
1.
Which
of
the
following
suffixes(后缀)means
"without"?
A.
–able
B.
–ful
C.
–ous
D.
–less
2.
The
old
lady
has
been
__________
for
two
weeks
and
her
__________
made
her
son
lose
himself.
A.
died；dead
B.
died；death
C.
dead；death
D.
dead；die
3.
The
movie
was
not
a
bit
interesting.
I
almost
fell
.
A．sleep
B．asleep
C．sleepy
D．sleeping
4.
Which
of
the
following
words
is
formed
like
"homework"?
A．inventor
B．raincoat
C．dishonest
D．careless
5.
Doing
housework
helps
to
develop
our
______
.
A.
independence
B.
independent
C.
dependence
D.
dependent
6.
W
will
make
mistakes
unless
we
are__________.
A．care
B．careful
C．careless
D．carefully
7.
—Was
there
much
______in
Nanjing
last
week?
—Yes.
It
snowed
a
lot.
A．snows
B．snowy
C．snowed
D．snow
8.
Which
of
the
following
words
has
a
different
prefix
(前缀)
to
make
it
have
an
opposite
meaning?
A．happy
B．correct
C．interesting
D．certain
9.
Which
of
the
following
words
is
formed
like
“impossible”?
A．reporter
B．blackboard
C．dishonest
D．harmless
10.
—I
want
to
be
______.What
should
I
do?
—First,
you
must
keep
______every
day.
A．health;happy
B．unhealthy;happily
C．healthy;happy
D．health;happily
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
11.
You
may
add
variety
to
the
comic
strips
to
keep
the
readers
_______________.
(interest)
12.
I
think
one
of
the
most
______________
ways
to
improve
memory
is
the
link
method.
(effect)
13.
My
sister
felt
so
sad
to
find
that
it
was
_______________
to
clean
her
favourite
T-shirt.
(hope)
14.
The
________
of
that
bridge
is
over
200
metres.
(long)
15.
He
didn't
go
to
work
because
of
his______________
(ill)．
16.
Scientists
didn't
find
anything
_________(value)
in
this
area
last
year.
17.
Lily
is
very
kind
and
she
always
treats
others
in
a
___________
(friend)
way.
puters
become
more
and
more
important
in
our
______________
life.(day)
19.
She
was
__________
to
go
to
the
party
because
there’s
a
mountain
of
homework.
(able)
20.
If
you
keep
on
working
hard,
you
will
be
_______________
(success).
21.
My
friend
sent
me
a
lot
of
_______________
from
Beijing
yesterday.
（postcard）
22.
Susan
looked
_______________
because
she
failed
her
final
examination.
（worry）
23.
Nanjing
Road
is
always
________
with
people
during
the
holiday.
（crowd）
24.
You
can
find
the
answer
to
this
question
in
the
_______________
paragraph.
（follow）
25.
Ben
was
having
a
walk
in
the
street
with
his
pet
dog
_______________,
a
motorcycle
came
towards
him.
（sudden）
三、写出下列黑体词的含义
1.
He
was
a
disturbed
child
who
needed
mothering._____________
2.
When
I
passed
his
room，I
saw
him
papering
the
wall._____________
3.
If
they
are
nursed
properly，the
plants
will
flower
in
early
spring._____________
4.
After
work，the
saleswoman
didn't
head
straight
home._____________
5.
He
emptied
the
bottle._____________
6.
The
officials
have
booked
hotel
rooms
for
the
women
and
children._____________
7.
The
government
hopes
to
better
the
conditions
of
the
peasants._____________
8.
This
apartment
can
house
six
people
and
a
dog._____________
【指导迷津】构词法
一、构词法的定义及分类
按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法(Conversion)、合成法(Compounding)、派生法(Derivation)、首尾缩略法(Abbreviation)等。
二、几种常见的构词法
1.转化法
把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转换法。
(1)动词转化为名词
Let’s
go
out
for
a
walk.
我们出去散散步吧。
(2)名词转化为动词
We
lunched
at
White’s.我们在怀特家吃午饭。
(3)形容词转化为动词
The
train
slowed
down
to
half
its
speed.
火车速度减慢了一半。
(4)形容词转化为名词
She
was
dressed
in
blue.
她穿着蓝色衣服。
2.合成法
两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。
分类
方法
举例
合成名词
名词＋名词
weekend周末；
guidebook指南；手册
名词＋动名词
handwriting书法；
air-conditioning空调
名词＋动词-er
painkiller镇痛剂；
storyteller讲故事的人
动词＋名词
salesman售货员
形容词＋名词
gentleman绅士；
greenhouse温室
名词＋动词
handshake握手； sunset日落
介词＋名词
overweight超重； by-product副产品
副词＋动词
income收入； output产量，输出
动词＋副词
cleanup打扫；
checkup检查
合成形容词
名词＋形容词
lifelong终身的，毕生的
名词＋v.-ing
English-speaking讲英语的；
heartbreaking令人心碎的
名词＋v.-ed
fun-filled充满乐趣的；
man-made人造的
形容词＋v.-ing
good-looking相貌好看的；
easy-going性格随和的
形容词＋v.-ed
strong-minded意志坚强的；
white-painted漆成白色的
副词＋v.-ed
well-educated受过良好教育的；
newly-made新建的
副词＋v.-ing
hard-working勤劳的
合成动词
形容词＋动词
ill-treat虐待；
whitewash用石灰水刷白
副/介词＋动词
overcome战胜； overthrow推翻
合成介词
副词＋名词
inside在……里； outside在……外
介词＋副词
throughout遍及； within在……之内
副词＋介词
into到……里； upon在……之上
合成代词
代词宾格＋self
herself她自己； himself他自己
物主代词＋self
myself我自己； yourself你自己
形容词＋名词
anything任何东西； everything一切东西
3.派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
(1)前缀
分类
举例
总结
表示否定意义的前缀
appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的legal合法的→illegal非法的stop停下→non-stop不停的possible可能的→impossible不可能的usual寻常的→unusual不寻常的
表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-，
il-，
im-，
in-，ir-，
mis-，
non-，
un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
其他意义的前缀
sleep睡觉→asleep睡着的national国家的→international
国际的film影片→microfilm
微型胶片
night夜晚→midnight午夜bus公交车→minibus微型汽车write写→rewrite重写market市场→supermarket超级商场
表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a-表状态；inter-间，相互；micro-微；mid-中；mini-微型的；re-重，再，复；super-上，超
改变词性的前缀
large大的→enlarge扩大courage勇气→encourage鼓励board甲板→aboard在船上side旁边→aside在旁边
改变词性的前缀有：en-，a-等。en-前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；a-前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前，构成形容词或副词。
(2)后缀
分类
举例
总结
构成名词的后缀
China中国→Chinese中国人，汉语clean清扫→cleaner清洁工visit拜访→visitor来访者art艺术→artist艺术家absent缺席的→absence缺勤invent发明→invention发明agree同意→agreement同意kind善良的→kindness善良
构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-ese(表某地人或语言)，-er/-or/-ist(表人)，-ess(雌性)，-ian(精通……的人)，-ist(专业人员)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。
构成形容词的后缀
nature自然→natural自然的reason道理→reasonable有道理的America美国→American美国的China中国→Chinese中国人的gold金子→golden金的east东→eastern东方的child孩子→childish孩子气的snow雪→snowy雪的
构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern(方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less
(表示否定)，-like(像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天气)等。
构成副词的后缀
week周，星期→weekly每周angry生气的→angrily生气地east东方→eastward(s)向东
构成副词的常用后缀有-ly
(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)
(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。
构成动词的后缀
wide宽的→widen加宽beauty美人，美好→beautify美化real真的→realize意识到organ器官→organize组织
构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，-fy(使……化)，-ize(使……成为)。练习08-语法2：构词法
【练习导航】
一、单项选择
1.
Which
of
the
following
suffixes(后缀)means
"without"?
A．–able
B．–ful
C．–ous
D．–less
2.
The
old
lady
has
been
__________
for
two
weeks
and
her
__________
made
her
son
lose
himself.
A．died；dead
B．died；death
C．dead；death
D．dead；die
3.
The
movie
was
not
a
bit
interesting.
I
almost
fell
.
A．sleep
B．asleep
C．sleepy
D．sleeping
4.
Which
of
the
following
words
is
formed
like
"homework"？
A．inventor
B．raincoat
C．dishonest
D．careless
5.
Doing
housework
helps
to
develop
our
______
.
A．independence
B．independent
C．dependence
D．dependent
6.
W
will
make
mistakes
unless
we
are__________.
A．care
B．careful
C．careless
D．carefully
7.
—Was
there
much
______in
Nanjing
last
week?
—Yes.
It
snowed
a
lot.
A．snows
B．snowy
C．snowed
D．snow
8.
Which
of
the
following
words
has
a
different
prefix
(前缀)
to
make
it
have
an
opposite
meaning?
A．happy
B．correct
C．interesting
D．certain
9.
Which
of
the
following
words
is
formed
like
“impossible”?
A．reporter
B．blackboard
C．dishonest
D．harmless
10.
—I
want
to
be
______.What
should
I
do?
—First,
you
must
keep
______every
day.
A．health;happy
B．unhealthy;happily
C．healthy;happy
D．health;happily
【答案】
1-5
DCBBA
6-10
BDBCC
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
11．You
may
add
variety
to
the
comic
strips
to
keep
the
readers
_______________.
(interest)
12．I
think
one
of
the
most
______________
ways
to
improve
memory
is
the
link
method.
(effect)
13．My
sister
felt
so
sad
to
find
that
it
was
_______________
to
clean
her
favourite
T-shirt.
(hope)
14．The
________
of
that
bridge
is
over
200
metres.
(long)
15．He
didn't
go
to
work
because
of
his______________
(ill)．
16．Scientists
didn't
find
anything
_________(value)
in
this
area
last
year.
17．Lily
is
very
kind
and
she
always
treats
others
in
a
___________
(friend)
way.
18．Computers
become
more
and
more
important
in
our
______________
life.(day)
19．She
was
__________
to
go
to
the
party
because
there’s
a
mountain
of
homework.
(able)
20．If
you
keep
on
working
hard,
you
will
be
_______________
(success).
21．My
friend
sent
me
a
lot
of
_______________
from
Beijing
yesterday.
（postcard）
22．Susan
looked
_______________
because
she
failed
her
final
examination.
（worry）
23．Nanjing
Road
is
always
________
with
people
during
the
holiday.
（crowd）
24．You
can
find
the
answer
to
this
question
in
the
_______________
paragraph.
（follow）
25．Ben
was
having
a
walk
in
the
street
with
his
pet
dog
_______________,
a
motorcycle
came
towards
him.
（sudden）
【答案】
11.
interested
12.
effective
13.
hopeless
14.
length
15.
illness
16.
valuable
17.
friendly
18.
daily
19.
unable
20.
successful
21.
postcards
22.
worried
23.
crowded
24.
following
25.
Suddenly
三、写出下列黑体词的含义
1.
He
was
a
disturbed
child
who
needed
mothering._____________
2.
When
I
passed
his
room，I
saw
him
papering
the
wall._____________
3.
If
they
are
nursed
properly，the
plants
will
flower
in
early
spring._____________
4.
After
work，the
saleswoman
didn't
head
straight
home._____________
5.
He
emptied
the
bottle._____________
6.
The
officials
have
booked
hotel
rooms
for
the
women
and
children._____________
7.
The
government
hopes
to
better
the
conditions
of
the
peasants._____________
8.
This
apartment
can
house
six
people
and
a
dog._____________
【答案】
1.
悉心照顾
2.
用纸糊
3.
护理
4.
前往
5.
腾空，倒空
6.
预订
7.
改善
8.
提供住处
【指导迷津】构词法
一、构词法的定义及分类
按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法(Conversion)、合成法(Compounding)、派生法(Derivation)、首尾缩略法(Abbreviation)等。
二、几种常见的构词法
1.转化法
把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转换法。
(1)动词转化为名词
Let’s
go
out
for
a
walk.
我们出去散散步吧。
(2)名词转化为动词
We
lunched
at
White’s.我们在怀特家吃午饭。
(3)形容词转化为动词
The
train
slowed
down
to
half
its
speed.
火车速度减慢了一半。
(4)形容词转化为名词
She
was
dressed
in
blue.
她穿着蓝色衣服。
2.合成法
两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。
分类
方法
举例
合成名词
名词＋名词
weekend周末；
guidebook指南；手册
名词＋动名词
handwriting书法；
air-conditioning空调
名词＋动词-er
painkiller镇痛剂；
storyteller讲故事的人
动词＋名词
salesman售货员
形容词＋名词
gentleman绅士；
greenhouse温室
名词＋动词
handshake握手； sunset日落
介词＋名词
overweight超重； by-product副产品
副词＋动词
income收入； output产量，输出
动词＋副词
cleanup打扫；
checkup检查
合成形容词
名词＋形容词
lifelong终身的，毕生的
名词＋v.-ing
English-speaking讲英语的；
heartbreaking令人心碎的
名词＋v.-ed
fun-filled充满乐趣的；
man-made人造的
形容词＋v.-ing
good-looking相貌好看的；
easy-going性格随和的
形容词＋v.-ed
strong-minded意志坚强的；
white-painted漆成白色的
副词＋v.-ed
well-educated受过良好教育的；
newly-made新建的
副词＋v.-ing
hard-working勤劳的
合成动词
形容词＋动词
ill-treat虐待；
whitewash用石灰水刷白
副/介词＋动词
overcome战胜； overthrow推翻
合成介词
副词＋名词
inside在……里； outside在……外
介词＋副词
throughout遍及； within在……之内
副词＋介词
into到……里； upon在……之上
合成代词
代词宾格＋self
herself她自己； himself他自己
物主代词＋self
myself我自己； yourself你自己
形容词＋名词
anything任何东西； everything一切东西
3.派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
(1)前缀
分类
举例
总结
表示否定意义的前缀
appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的legal合法的→illegal非法的stop停下→non-stop不停的possible可能的→impossible不可能的usual寻常的→unusual不寻常的
表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-，
il-，
im-，
in-，ir-，
mis-，
non-，
un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
其他意义的前缀
sleep睡觉→asleep睡着的national国家的→international
国际的film影片→microfilm
微型胶片
night夜晚→midnight午夜bus公交车→minibus微型汽车write写→rewrite重写market市场→supermarket超级商场
表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a-表状态；inter-间，相互；micro-微；mid-中；mini-微型的；re-重，再，复；super-上，超
改变词性的前缀
large大的→enlarge扩大courage勇气→encourage鼓励board甲板→aboard在船上side旁边→aside在旁边
改变词性的前缀有：en-，a-等。en-前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；a-前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前，构成形容词或副词。
(2)后缀
分类
举例
总结
构成名词的后缀
China中国→Chinese中国人，汉语clean清扫→cleaner清洁工visit拜访→visitor来访者art艺术→artist艺术家absent缺席的→absence缺勤invent发明→invention发明agree同意→agreement同意kind善良的→kindness善良
构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-ese(表某地人或语言)，-er/-or/-ist(表人)，-ess(雌性)，-ian(精通……的人)，-ist(专业人员)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。
构成形容词的后缀
nature自然→natural自然的reason道理→reasonable有道理的America美国→American美国的China中国→Chinese中国人的gold金子→golden金的east东→eastern东方的child孩子→childish孩子气的snow雪→snowy雪的
构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern(方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less
(表示否定)，-like(像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天气)等。
构成副词的后缀
week周，星期→weekly每周angry生气的→angrily生气地east东方→eastward(s)向东
构成副词的常用后缀有-ly
(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)
(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。
构成动词的后缀
wide宽的→widen加宽beauty美人，美好→beautify美化real真的→realize意识到organ器官→organize组织
构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，-fy(使……化)，-ize(使……成为)。
