课时分层作业(七)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
gateway
(门户)looks
pretty
old：I
wonder
if
it
is
still
in
use.
2．What
a
glorious
(壮观的)sunset!
3．The
Statue
(雕像)of
Liberty
guards
the
entrance
to
New
York
harbour.
4．We
must
preserve
racial
and
religious
(宗教的)harmony.
5．Traffic
reaches
its
peak
(高峰)between
8
and
9
in
the
morning.
6．To
strengthen(加强)
his
position
in
Parliament，he
held
talks
with
leaders
of
the
Peasant
Party.
7．Expanding
its
coverage(范围)
can
save
many
more.
8．There
is
a
middle
school
attached
to
the
institute(学院)．
9．My
father
was
a
historian
(历史学家)of
repute.His
speciality
was
the
history
of
Germany.
10．Chaplin
was
not
just
a
genius(天才)；he
was
among
the
most
influential
figures
in
film
history.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
For
Western
designers,
China
and
its
rich
culture
have
long
been
an
inspiration
for
Western
creative.
“It's
no
secret
that
China
has
always
been
a
source(来源)of
inspiration
for
designers，”
says
Amanda
Hill,
chief
creative
officer
at
A＋E
Networks,
a
global
media
company
and
home
to
some
of
the
biggest
fashion(时尚)shows.
Earlier
this
year,
the
China
Through
A
Looking
Glass
exhibition
in
New
York
exhibited
140
pieces
of
China?inspired
fashionable
clothing
alongside
Chinese
works
of
art,
with
the
aim
of
exploring
the
influence
of
Chinese
aesthetics(美学)on
Western
fashion
and
how
China
has
fueled
the
fashionable
imagination
for
centuries.The
exhibition
had
record
attendance,
showing
that
there
is
huge
interest
in
Chinese
influences.
“China
is
impossible
to
overlook，”
says
Hill.“Chinese
models
are
the
faces
of
beauty
and
fashion
campaigns
that
sell
dreams
to
women
all
over
the
world,
which
means
Chinese
women
are
not
just
consumers
of
fashion
－
they
are
central
to
its
movement.”Of
course，not
only
are
today's
top
Western
designers
being
influenced
by
China—some
of
the
best
designers
of
contemporary
fashion
are
themselves
Chinese.“Vera
Wang,
Alexander
Wang,
Jason
Wu
are
taking
on
Galliano,
Albaz,
Marc
Jacobs—and
beating
them
hands
down
in
design
and
sales，”
adds
Hill.
For
Hill,
it
is
impossible
not
to
talk
about
China
as
the
leading
player
when
discussing
fashion.“The
most
famous
designers
are
Chinese,
so
are
the
models,
and
so
are
the
consumers，”
she
says.“China
is
no
longer
just
another
market;
in
many
senses
it
has
become
the
market.If
you
talk
about
fashion
today,
you
are
talking
about
China－its
influences,
its
direction,
its
breathtaking
clothes,
and
how
young
designers
and
models
are
finally
acknowledging
that
in
many
ways.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章以国外视角报道中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。这篇文章通过在试题情境中融入中国优秀传统文化和美学知识，引导考生在关注和提高审美情趣的同时，坚定理想信念，增强文化自信，树立正确的价值观。
1．What
can
we
learn
about
the
exhibition
in
New
York?
A．It
promoted
the
sales
of
artworks.
B．It
attracted
a
large
number
of
visitors.
C．It
showed
ancient
Chinese
clothes.
D．It
aimed
to
introduce
Chinese
models.
B [推理判断题。由题干中的the
exhibition
in
New
York定位到原文第三段。本段中并没有提到这次展览促进了艺术品的销售，也没有提到展示了中国古代的服装，故排除A、C两项；由“The
exhibition
had
record
attendance，showing
that
there
is
huge
interest
in
Chinese
influences.(此次展览吸引了破纪录的出席者，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣)”可知，B项表述正确；由原文中的“...with
the
aim
of
exploring
the
influence
of
Chinese
aesthetics
（美学）on
Western
fashion
and
how
China
has
fueled
the
fashionable
imagination
for
centuries.(……旨在探索中国美学对西方时尚的影响，以及几个世纪以来中国是如何激发时尚想象力的)”可知，这次展览的目的不是介绍中国模特儿，故D项表述错误。]
2．What
does
Hill
say
about
Chinese
women?
A．They
are
setting
the
fashion.
B．They
start
many
fashion
campaigns.
C．They
admire
super
models.
D．They
do
business
all
over
the
world.
A [推理判断题。由原文第四段中Hill说的“...Chinese
women
are
not
just
consumers
of
fashion—they
are
central
to
its
movement.(……中国女性不仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心)”可以推断出，她们正在引领潮流，故选A项。B项“她们发起许多时尚运动”，C项“她们崇拜超模”，D项“她们在世界各地做生意”，均不符合此处的语境。]
3．What
do
the
underlined
words
“taking
on”
in
Paragraph
4
mean?
A．learning
from
B．looking
down
on
C．working
with
D．competing
against
D [词义猜测题。由画线词后面的“beating
them
hands
down
in
design
and
sales(在设计和销售方面轻而易举地击败他们)”可知，take
on此处意为“与……较量”，故选D项competing
against。learn
from向……学习；look
down
on轻视，瞧不起；work
with与……共事。]
4．What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A．Young
Models
Selling
Dreams
to
the
World
B．A
Chinese
Art
Exhibition
Held
in
New
York
C．Differences
Between
Eastern
and
Western
Aesthetics
D．Chinese
Culture
Fueling
International
Fashion
Trends
D [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章的第一段就点明了主题：对于西方设计师来说，长期以来中国及其丰富的文化一直是西方创作者的灵感来源。接下来Amanda
Hill对中国文化和中国美学对国际时尚的影响进行了评价，由此可知，中国文化推动了国际时尚潮流，故D项作为文章的标题最合适。Hill说中国模特儿是向全世界女性贩卖梦想的美丽和时尚活动的代言人，旨在强调中国女性在时尚方面的重要性；在纽约举办的中国艺术展只是文章提到的一个事例，不是文章论述的中心；文章中没有提到东西方在审美方面的不同，因此A、B、C三项均不能概括全文。]
B
Studies
have
shown
a
direct
link
between
goals
and
improved
performance
in
both
sports
and
business.Earl
Nightingale
put
it
this
way，“People
with
goals
succeed
because
they
know
where
they
are
going.It's
as
simple
as
that.”
DrMaxwell
Maltz，author
of
the
classic
Psycho?Cybernetics，said
that
human
beings
have
a
built?in
goal
seeking
“success
mechanism(机制)”that
is
part
of
the
subconscious(潜意识的)mind.This
success
mechanism
is
constantly
searching
for
ways
to
help
us
reach
our
targets
and
find
answers
to
our
problems.According
to
Maltz，we
feel
better
when
our
success
mechanism
keeps
going
after
clear
targets.All
we
have
to
do
to
use
this
mechanism
is
give
it
a
target.
One
important
reason
goal
setters
achieve
such
outstanding
results
is
that
they
have
learned
how
to
focus
and
concentrate
their
time，energy
and
resources(资源)on
a
single
goal，even
though
it
is
just
for
a
few
hours
at
a
time.One
major
time
management
challenge
we
are
facing
today
is
that
there
are
more
things
available
for
us
to
do
than
anyone
could
possibly
attempt，let
alone
accomplish
in
an
entire
lifetime.If
we
are
not
careful，it
is
very
easy
to
waste
our
time
on
unimportant
things.
Most
significant
accomplishments
are
accompanied
with
difficulties，struggles
and
failures.Thomas
Edison
failed
over
one
thousand
times
before
he
finally
discovered
a
way
to
make
the
light
bulb
work.It
is
very
rare
for
something
important
to
be
accomplished
successfully
on
the
very
first
try.If
you
want
to
achieve
anything
significant，it
is
likely
that
you
will
struggle
and
fail
many
times
before
you
finally
reach
your
target.One
of
the
main
reasons
why
people
give
up
so
easily
in
the
face
of
failure
is
that
they
lose
sight
of
their
“why”．Goals
can
help
you
remember
your
“big
why”
when
you
need
to
pick
yourself
up
and
keep
going
in
the
face
of
difficult
situations.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。要想成功，我们要树立目标，并全身心地投入到这一件事情上，心中有目标，就不会轻言放弃。
5．What
can
we
learn
from
Earl
Nightingale's
and
Dr.Maxwell
Maltz's
words?
A．It's
important
to
succeed
in
life.
B．It's
extremely
easy
to
achieve
aims.
C．It's
greatly
significant
to
set
goals.
D．It's
common
to
make
accomplishments.
C [推理判断题。根据文章前两段的内容可知，Earl
Nightingale和DrMaxwell
Maltz所说的话都表明了设立目标的重要性，心中有目标才能成功。]
6．What's
important
in
achieving
success
according
to
Paragraph
3?
A．Setting
a
realistic
target.
B．Concentrating
on
your
aim.
C．Managing
your
time
properly.
D．Making
the
most
of
your
resources.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One
important
reason
goal
setters
achieve...a
few
hours
at
a
time.”可知，集中所有精力于你的目标上，就会有一个好的结果。]
7．What
can
we
conclude
from
the
last
paragraph?
A．Goals
can
prevent
us
giving
up
easily.
B．Goals
mean
achieving
more
than
others.
C．Goals
get
rid
of
doubts
about
what
we
do.
D．Goals
lead
to
more
difficulties
or
failures.
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“One
of
the
main
reasons
why
people
give
up
so
easily
in
the
face
of
failure
is
that
they
lose
sight
of
their
‘why’．”可知，树立目标可以防止我们轻易放弃。]
8．What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A．How
to
Set
Goals?
B．How
Can
We
Succeed?
C．Why
Should
We
Set
Goals?
D．Why
Should
We
Keep
Going?
C [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章论述了设立目标的重要性以及益处，告诉我们为什么要树立目标，故C项为最佳标题。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
If
you
are
already
making
the
time
to
exercise，it
is
good
indeed!
With
such
busy
lives，it
can
be
hard
to
try
and
find
the
time
to
work
out.
1
Working
out
in
the
morning
provides
additional
benefits
beyond
being
physically
fit.
·Your
productivity
is
improved.Exercising
makes
you
more
awake
and
ready
to
handle
whatever
is
ahead
of
you
for
the
day.
2
·Your
metabolism(新陈代谢)
gets
a
head
start.
3
If
you
work
out
in
the
mornings，then
you
will
be
getting
the
calorie
(卡路里)
burning
benefits
for
the
whole
day，not
in
your
sleep.
·
4
Studies
found
that
people
who
woke
up
early
for
exercise
slept
better
than
those
who
exercised
in
the
evening.
Exercise
energizes
you,
so
it
is
more
difficult
to
relax
and
have
a
peaceful
sleep
when
you
are
very
excited.
·
5
If
you
work
out
bright
and
early
in
the
morning，you
will
be
more
likely
to
stick
to
healthy
food
choices
throughout
the
day.
Who
would
want
to
ruin
their
good
workout
by
eating
junk
food?
You
will
want
to
continue
to
focus
on
positive
choices.
There
are
a
lot
of
benefits
to
working
out，especially
in
the
mornings.Set
your
alarm
clock
an
hour
early
and
push
yourself
to
work
out!
You
will
feel
energized
all
day
long.
A．You
will
stick
to
your
diet.
B．Your
quality
of
sleep
improves.
C．You
prefer
healthy
food
to
fast
food.
D．There
is
no
reason
you
should
exercise
in
the
morning.
E．You
can
keep
your
head
clear
for
4－10
hours
after
exercise.
F．After
you
exercise，you
continue
to
burn
calories
throughout
the
day.
G．If
you
are
planning
to
do
exercise
regularly，or
you're
doing
it
now，then
listen
up!
【语篇解读】 本文从工作效率、新陈代谢、睡眠质量和饮食习惯四个方面介绍了晨练给人们带来的好处。
1．G [空后一句及接下来的段落是在讲晨练的好处，所以G项“如果你计划定期锻炼，或者你现在正在锻炼，那就注意听”符合语境。]
2．E [根据空处前两句(你的工作效率提高了；锻炼会让你更清醒，并准备好应付一天中摆在你面前的一切)可知，此空应选E“运动后你可以保持头脑清醒4—10个小时”。more
awake与E项中的clear照应。]
3．F [由此空后的“getting...the
whole
day”与F项中的“burn
calories
throughout
the
day”一致，故答案为F“在你运动之后，你一整天都在消耗卡路里”。]
4．B [此空是本段的中心句，根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲了晨练对睡眠的益处，所以选B“你的睡眠质量提高了”。空后一句中的“slept
better”是关键信息。]
5．A [根据本段中的“healthy
food”和“junk
food”与选项A中的diet有关可知，此空应选A“你会坚持你的饮食(习惯)”。]
7/7Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.Sinologist
A．n.房间
( )2.shepherd
B．n.传奇故事
( )3.chamber
C．n.计谋，策略
( )4.romance
D．n.牧羊人
( )5.stratagem
E．n.汉学家
[答案] 1－5 EDABC
B．短语匹配
( )1.prior
to
A．高度赞扬
( )2.give
an
account
of
B．引起共鸣；打动心弦
( )3.in
addition
to
C．在……之前，先于……
( )4.on
the
whole
D．与……相伴而生
( )5.be
exposed
to
E．除……之外
( )6.keep
an
eye
on
F．整体来说
( )7.think
highly
of
G．描述
( )8.go
with
H．接触；暴露在……之下
( )9.strike
a
chord
I．留意；关注
[答案] 1－5 CGEFH 6－9 IADB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1.kingdom
n．
王国
2．scholar
n.
学者
3.department
n.
(大学的)系，部
4．institute
n.
学院；研究院
5．temple
n.
庙宇，寺院
6．tune
n.
曲调，旋律
7．historian
n.
历史学家
8．prior
adj.
先前的；较早的
9．genius
n.
天才，天赋
10．enormous
adj.
巨大的，庞大的
Ⅰ.语境填词
keep
a
close
eye
on；think
highly
of；be
exposed
to；look
to；on
the
whole；choose；reason；wonder；prior；English?speaking
1．I
was
just
beginning
to
wonder
where
you
were.
2．We
aren't
going
for
the
simple
reason
that
we
can't
afford
it.
3．She
has
to
choose
between
staying
in
the
UK
or
going
home.
4．Many
people
look
to
the
new
government
to
reduce
unemployment.
5．Please
give
us
prior
notice
if
you
need
an
evening
meal.
6．He'll
keep
a
close
eye
on
what
is
happening.
7．The
kids
should
be
exposed
to
as
much
art
and
culture
as
possible.
8．I
don't
think
highly
of
her
idea.
9．Australia
is
one
of
the
English?speaking
countries
in
the
world.
10．On
the
whole，I'm
in
favour
of
his
suggestion.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．All
of
the
media
coverage(cover)is
just
about
the
lottery
winner.
2．Wearing
glasses
gave
her
a
scholarly(scholar)appearance.
3．This
historian(history)kept
a
record
of
historical
events
and
people.
4．The
school
will
give
priority
(prior)
to
science，maths
and
modern
languages.
5．On
Valentines
Day
couples
often
go
for
a
romantic(romance)dinner.
6．I
enjoyed
walking
through
the
field
enormously(enormous)．
7．Mo
Yan
has
been
already
hugely(huge)popular.
8．People's
knowledge
of
Chinese
literature
is
rather
limited(limit)．
9．Do
you
know
about
the
historical
(history)background
of
the
war?
10．She
works
as
a
translator(translate)of
technical
texts.
1．Prior
to
that，the
only
great
historical
works
I
had
been
exposed
to
were
Homer's
epic
poems.
在此之前，我曾经接触到的唯一伟大的历史作品是荷马史诗。
2．His
writing
had
a
profound
effect
on
me，and
I
have
this
to
thank
for
my
passion
for
Chinese
literature.
他的作品对我产生了深远的影响，而且我要感谢它对我产生的影响，因为它激发了我对中国文学的热爱。
3．Each
year
sees
more
works
by
Chinese
writers
published
in
the
Netherlands，and
they
are
well?received.
每年在荷兰会见证更多的中国作家的作品被出版，并且人们对它们反应良好。
4．I
just
go
with
what
I
like
and
what
I
am
interested
in.
我只是按照我喜欢的和我感兴趣的去做。
5．Broadway
is
famous
for
its
big
theaters，showing
Shakespeare，modern
drama，dance
shows
or
musicals－take
your
pick!
百老汇以其多家大戏院而闻名，演出莎士比亚戏剧、现代戏剧、舞蹈表演或音乐剧——你自己可以选着看。
3/3电子邮件
电子邮件(electronic
mail，常缩略为e?mail，E?mail或email)属应用文体。它用途广泛，传递快捷，可以一件多发。而且费用十分低廉，特别适合国际间的交流。
[基本框架]
电子邮件一般由以下五部分组成：
(1)收件人地址：在标题栏的
“收件人(To)”框中输入收件人的E?mail
地址。
(2)主题：“主题(Subject)”框的内容应简明地概括邮件的内容。短的可以是一个单词，如greeting；长的可以是一个名词性短语，也可以是完整的句子。
(3)称呼：E?mail一般使用非正式的文体，因此正文前的称呼通常无需使用诸如Dear
MrJohn
之类的表达。在同辈的亲朋好友或同事间可以直呼其名，如：Hi
Tom，但对长辈或上级最好使用头衔并使用姓。如Dear
Doctor
Li。
(4)正文：写E?mail和写英文书信相差不多，但还要注意以下两点：
a：首先要明确写给谁。不同的收件人，语气不同。写给朋友的可用一些俚语或缩写语言，但正式的邮件就不能用俚语或缩写词语。
b：写电子邮件要直接，并多用短句使意思清楚。对于根据提示来写的电子邮件，必须将要点写全，并注意语言的运用。
(5)结尾客套话：结尾客套话通常也很简明。常用Thanks，Best，Cheers，Sincerely
yours，Best
regards
等。
[常用词块]
1．recommend
the
book
to
all
my
students
向我所有的学生推荐这本书
2．a
proposal
to
build
more
office
accommodation
增建办公楼的建议
3．questions
concerning
the
future
of
the
company
有关公司前途的问题
4．give
your
brother
my
regards
代我向你哥哥问好
5．look
forward
to
hearing
from
you
盼望收到你的来信
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．I
am
happy/glad/pleased
to
receive
your
e?mail
dated
by
May
1st.
我很高兴收到你5月1日的电子邮件。
2．I
am
sorry
not
to
answer/reply
to
your
e?mail
in
time
because
I
have
been
busy
these
days.
很抱歉，我这几天一直很忙，没有及时回复您的电子邮件。
3．I
am
sorry
to
learn
that...
很抱歉得知……
4．I
am
glad
to
receive
your
letter
saying
that...
很高兴收到你的来信，信中说……
★丰满主体
1．Meanwhile，smoking
is...Besides...同时，吸烟是……另外……
2．As
far
as
I
am
concerned，we
should...就我而言，我们应该……
3．More
and
more
people
have
realized
how
serious
the
problem
is.
越来越多的人意识到问题的严重性。
4．In
order
to...，we
must...为了……，我们必须……
5．I
think
it
would
be
a
good
idea
if
you
could...
我想如果你能……，将是个不错的主意。
6．I
hope
you
will
find
these
suggestions/proposals/recommendations
helpful.
我希望你会觉得这些建议很有帮助。
★余味结尾
1．I
wish
you
a
happy
and
meaningful
time
in...
我希望你能在……度过开心并且有意义的一段时间。
2．I
am
looking
forward
to
hearing
from
you
soon.
我期待很快收到你的来信。
3．Please
give
my
regards
to
your
family.
请代我向你的家人问好。
4．If
you
have
some
more
questions，let
me
know.
如果你还有问题，请告诉我。
假如你是高中生李华，你的美国笔友Jack
热爱中国传统文化，最近打算来中国工作生活一段时间，但是不确定应该去往哪个城市，请你写封电子邮件推荐一个城市，内容包括：
1．你推荐的城市；
2．推荐的理由(不少于两条)；
3．美好的祝愿。
注意：1.词数80
左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Dear
Jack，
I
am
so
pleased
to
learn
that
you
are
to
spend
some
time
in
China.
I
recommend
you
stay
in
Beijing，the
capital
and
cultural
centre
of
China.The
city
enjoys
a
high
reputation
for
its
abundance
of
ancient
architecture，which
represents
the
traditional
local
lifestyles.And
there
are
also
plenty
of
museums
where
precious
relics
of
historical
interest
are
waiting
for
you
to
explore.Besides，the
exceptional
Peking
Opera
performances
there
are
also
what
you
can
not
miss.
I
wish
you
a
very
happy
and
meaningful
time
in
China.
Yours
sincerely，
Li
Hua
1/31．The
relationship
between
culture
should
be
absorption
and
integration,
not
plunder
and
conquest.
文化的关系应是吸收和融合，绝不是掠夺与征服。
2．Culture
won't
because
of
the
poverty
of
a
country，and
lost
its
value.
文化不会因为一个国家的贫穷而失掉它的价值。
3．Geographical
environment
decided
to
the
development
of
culture，and
traditional
culture
can
affect
the
course
of
history.
地理环境决定文化的发展，而传统文化会影响历史的进程。
The
Chinese
nation
is
a
hard?working
and
intelligent
people
who
has
made
great
contributions
to
the
world
civilization.Referring
to
the
Chinese
cultural
heritage，some
of
them
are
preserved
very
well.If
you
have
a
chance
to
travel
to
China，I
recommend
you
first
to
visit
Beijing
and
Xi'an，where
many
historic
sites
are
worth
visiting.Apart
from
the
historical
and
cultural
heritage，the
beauty
of
West
Lake
in
Hangzhou
and
Guilin
Scenery
cannot
be
ignored.Some
villages
in
Yunnan
Province
still
remain
simple
folk
customs，inside
which
you
will
be
reminded
of
the
good
old
days.
Known
as
“the
mother
of
Uygur
music”，Muqam(木卡姆)has
a
long
history.Some
scholars
believe
that
its
origins
can
be
traced
back
to
the
“Great
Western
Region
Melody”(西域大曲)．This
developed
during
the
Han(202
BC～220
AD)and
Tang(618～907
AD)dynasties
and
enjoyed
great
popularity
in
central
China.In
the
mid?16th
century，the
Silk
Road
connected
China
and
Europe.Xinjiang
was
at
the
centre
of
the
cultural
exchange
between
east
and
west.Muqam
music
was
spread
across
Uygur?populated
areas
during
that
time.The
queen
of
Yarkant
Kingdom(叶尔羌汗国)，whose
name
was
Amannisahan，was
a
poet
and
musician.She
devoted
all
her
efforts
to
collecting
and
sorting
Muqam
music.With
the
help
of
other
experts，she
finally
worked
out
12
pieces
of
music，which
became
the
famous
Twelve
Muqam.When
Amannisahan
was
doing
her
work，she
didn't
seek
materials
from
the
fully
developed
Arabian
and
Persian
music.Instead，she
exploited
(利用)
the
rich
resources
of
Uygur
folk
music
that
spread
across
the
north
and
the
south
of
the
Tianshan
Mountains.As
a
result，the
Twelve
Muqam
has
a
strong
Uygur
flavor.
After
New
China
was
founded，the
local
government
of
the
Xinjiang
Uygur
Autonomous
Region
made
every
effort
to
preserve
the
Twelve
Muqam.In
1960，two
volumes
of
the
Twelve
Muqam
were
published.This
finally
protected
this
oral
cultural
heritage.Over
the
past
two
decades，local
Xinjiang
cultural
institutions
have
supported
research
projects.A
number
of
books
about
the
Twelve
Muqam
have
been
published.CDs，and
DVDs
of
the
Twelve
Muqam
have
also
been
made.
[探究发现]
1．Find
out
the
person
who
made
the
greatest
contribution
to
the
spread
of
Muqam.
Amannisahan.
2．Find
out
what
played
an
important
role
in
the
protection
of
Muqam
after
New
China
was
founded.
The
local
government
of
the
Xinjiang
Uygur
Autonomous
Region.
3．Find
out
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
then
think
of
a
proper
title
for
it.
Muqam，an
art
form
of
Xinjiang.
2/21．glory
n．光荣→glorify
v．赞美；美化→glorious
adj.辉煌的→gloriously
adv.辉煌地；壮丽地
2．boast
v．(地方、机构等)自豪地拥有（好的事物）→boaster
n．自夸者→boastful
adj.浮夸的→boastfully
adv.自夸地；浮夸地
3．religion
n．宗教→religious
adj.宗教的→religiously
adv.虔诚地
4．heaven
n．天国→heavenly
adj.天国的
5．strong
adj.强壮的→strongly
adv.强有力地→strength
n．力量→strengthen
v．加强
1．peak
n．高峰，顶点；尖顶adj.高峰时期的，巅峰状态的v.达到最高峰，达到最高值
①She
is
at
the
peak
of
her
career.
n.高峰
②the
peak
of
a
roof
n.尖顶
③Oil
production
peaked
in
the
early
1980s.
v.达到最高峰
④March
is
one
of
the
peak
periods
for
our
business.adj.最繁忙的/高峰时期的
2．coverage
n．覆盖范围；新闻报道；(保险公司的)保险
①magazines
with
extensive
coverage
of
diet
and
health
topics
覆盖范围
②today's
newspaper
coverage
新闻报道
③Medicaid
health
coverage
for
low?income
families
保险
Words
and
Phrases
vary
vi.变化；不同vt.变更；改变
[教材P26] The
subjects
of
the
Dunhuang
murals
vary
from
religious
stories
to
scenes
of
everyday
life.
敦煌壁画的题材多种多样，从宗教故事到日常生活场景都有。
[例1] The
students'
work
varies
considerably
in
quality.
学生作业的质量相当地参差不齐。
[例2] The
menu
varies
with
the
season.
菜单随季节而变动。
[造句]
班级的数目从25到30不等。
Class
numbers
vary
between
25
and
30.
[知识拓展]
(1)vary
with
随……而变化
vary
from
不同于……
vary
in
在……方面不同/有差异
vary
from...to...
由……到……不等/不同
(2)variety
n.
变化；多样性；种类
a
variety
of＝varieties
of
各种各样的
(3)various
adj.
各种各样的；不同的
for
various
reasons
由于种种原因
(4)variously
adv.
以各种方式；不同地
a
variety
of/varieties
of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the
variety
of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
school
library
provides
a
variety
of
original
works，hoping
they
will
meet
the
needs
of
different
students.
②The
cost
has
been
variously(various)estimated
at
between
￡10
million
and
￡20
million.
③Changes
in
price
normally
vary
with
changes
of
supply
and
need.
④Though
Lucy
and
Lily
are
twins，they
vary
in
character.
⑤The
variety
of
foods
at
the
restaurant
is
(be)limited，but
the
amount
of
each
dish
is
fairly
large.
⑥I
like
reading
very
much，especially
the
story
books,
varying
from
Chinese
stories
to
English
stories
(从中国故事到英国故事)．
[小片段填空]
With
the
development
of
economy，there
are
varieties
of
goods
in
stores，varying
from
daily
groceries
to
luxury
goods，which
greatly
enriches
people's
life.In
addition，the
goods
vary
with
the
season
in
variety
and
quantity.
[教材P27] Dating
from
405
AD
to
1002
AD，these
hidden
treasures
give
us
a
picture
of
Dunhuang
when
it
was
at
the
very
centre
of
the
Silk
Road
trade.
从公元405年到公元1002年，这些被雪藏的宝藏给我们描述了处在丝绸之路贸易中心时的敦煌。
(1)date
from起源于；追溯到
[例1] All
the
cupboards
and
appliances
dated
from
the
1950s.
所有这些橱柜和家用电器都是
20世纪
50
年代的物品。
[例2] These
sculptures
must
date
from
the
middle
of
the
7th
century.
这些雕刻品肯定可以追溯到7世纪中叶。
[造句] 这座寺庙起源于唐朝。
The
temple
dates
from
the
Tang
Dynasty.
[知识拓展]
(1)date
from＝date
back
to
起源于；追溯到
(2)set
a
date
for
确定……的日期
have
a
date
with
sb.
与某人约会
out
of
date
过时的
up
to
date
现代的；最新的
date
from和date
back
to这两个短语，通常使用一般现在时，没有进行时态，也没有被动形式。常用其现在分词形式作后置定语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
old
town
dates
(date)back
to
the
late
seventeenth
century.
②The
fact
is
that
your
passport
has
been
out
of
date，so
you
can't
use
it.
③Everyone
should
keep
on
getting
himself
educated
so
as
to
be
up
to
date
with
modern
technology.
④We
are
visiting
an
old
garden
dating
from
the
12th
century(起源于12世纪)．
(2)hidden
adj.秘密的；隐秘的；隐藏的
[例1] Under
all
the
innocent
fun，there
are
hidden
dangers，especially
for
children.
在所有简单无害的娱乐项目背后都隐藏着危险，特别是对儿童而言。
[例2] As
you
descend，suddenly
you
see
at
last
the
hidden
waterfall.
一直往下走，最终你会突然看到那条隐秘的瀑布。
[造句]
覆盖着冰的路面对驾驶汽车的人是个危险的隐患。
Icy
roads
are
a
hidden
danger
to
motorists.
[知识拓展]
(1)hide
sth.from
sb.
向某人隐瞒某事
hide
sth.in/under/behind...
把某物藏在……里面/下面/后面
(2)hiding
n.
躲藏；隐藏
hiding和hidden作定语时意思不同：a
hiding
place“一个藏身处”；a
hidden
place“一个秘密/隐秘的地方”
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①In
art
criticism，you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message
hidden(hide)within
the
work.
②My
mother
bought
the
beautiful
basket
and
put
it
safely
in
some
hiding(hide)place
I
couldn't
find.
③Instead，they
learn
both
explicit
and
hidden(hide)meanings
from
what
they
see.
④I
feel
sure
there
is
something
about
her
past
that
she
is
trying
to
hide
from
me(她设法对我隐瞒)．
[小片段填空]
The
little
boy
had
much
difficulty
hiding
the
truth
from
his
parents，so
he
found
a
hiding
place
in
the
trees
to
keep
himself
hidden
from
them.
reason
n．原因；理由
v．推理；推论
[教材P27] However，the
reason
why
the
Library
Cave
was
sealed
up
all
those
years
ago
remains
a
mystery.
然而，藏经洞多年前被封的原因仍然是个谜。
[例1] The
reason
why
he
failed
in
the
exam
was
that
he
didn't
learn
it
well.
考试失败的原因是他没有学好。
[例2] I'd
like
to
know
the
reason
why
you're
so
late.
我想知道你为什么迟到这么长时间。
[造句]
我为什么要帮你？给我一个充分的理由。
Give
me
one
good
reason
why
I
should
help
you.
[知识拓展]
(1)reason
with
和……理论(或讲理)
reasonable
合情合理的
(2)the
reason
why...is
that...
表示“……的原因是……”，
其中why引
导定语从句，that引导表语从句。
(3)the
reason
that/which...
表示“……的原因”，
that/which引
导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语
或宾语。
(4)the
reason
that...
表示“……的原因”，
that后接同位
语从句，解释其内容。
(5)the
reason
for
……的原因
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
reason
why
we
choose
this
movie
is
that
it
represents
the
development
of
our
beloved
school，which
is
not
only
interesting
but
also
meaningful.
②That's
the
reason
why
more
and
more
people
are
interested
in
the
Tang
Dynasty(为什么越来越多的人对唐代感兴趣)．
bring...to
life使复苏；(使)变得生动；(使)变得有趣
[教材P27] This
century
is
bringing
the
Silk
Road
to
life
once
more
through
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative.
本世纪通过一带一路的倡议，丝绸之路重新焕发了生机。
[例1] With
my
pictures
I
hope
to
bring
to
life
ancient
civilizations.
我希望用我的绘画去再现古代文明。
[例2] The
prompt
use
of
artificial
respiration
can
often
bring
a
victim
of
drowning
to
life.
及时的人工呼吸常能使溺水者苏醒过来。
[造句]
他的小说把维多利亚时代的生活写活了。
His
novels
bring
the
Victorian
age
to
life.
[知识拓展]
bring
about
引起；导致(事故、变化等)
bring
back
使某物恢复；使回忆起某事
bring
down
使……降低；使……倒下
bring
in
引入；赚得；挣得
bring
out
使显现出；取出；阐明；出版
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
reason
why
the
goods
are
sold
at
such
low
prices
is
that
the
manufacturers
are
willing
to
bring
down
the
prices
in
return
for
big
volume
of
purchases.
②Sharing
with
friends
helped
me
bring
back
my
confidence
and
fit
in
with
others.
③The
sale
of
the
house
only
brought
in
about
$45，000.
[教材P27] Given
that
the
theme
of
the
Expo
was
to
promote
cultural
exchange
and
strengthen
mutual
cooperation
between
the
countries
along
the
Silk
Road，Dunhuang
was
the
ideal
place.
考虑到世博会的主题是促进丝绸之路沿线国家之间的文化交流和加强相互合作，敦煌是理想的地方。
(1)given
adj.已经安排好的；规定的；指定的；所述的；特定的prep.考虑到；鉴于
[例1] It
was
surprising
the
government
was
reelected，given
that
they
had
raised
taxes
so
much.
令人惊奇的是政府把税收提高这么多仍再次当选了。
[例2] Given
her
interest
in
children，teaching
seems
the
right
job
for
her.
考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。
[造句]
他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤。
They
were
to
meet
at
a
given
time
and
place.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
given
to
sth./to
doing
sth.
经常做；习惯于
(2)give
back
归还；使恢复
give
in
(to)
屈服；让步；交上
give
off
发出(气味、光、热)；散发
give
out
分发；用完；耗尽；发布
give
up
放弃；认输
give
way
to
给……让路/让步；被……代替
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
burning
plastic
gave
off
poisonous
gas，which
is
harmful
to
our
health.
②He
wouldn't
give
out
any
information(透露任何消息)．
③He's
given
to
going
for
long
walks
on
his
own(独自长距离散步)．
(2)strengthen
v．加强；增强；巩固
[例1] While
DNA
test
will
help
strengthen
people's
health
consciousness，it
is
more
probable
that
it
will
lead
to
over?anxiety.
尽管DNA检测将有助于增强人们的健康意识，然而也很可能会导致过度焦虑。
[例2] Yoga
can
be
used
to
strengthen
the
immune
system.
瑜伽能增强人体免疫系统。
[造句]
一种观点就是睡眠有助于加强新的记忆。
One
idea
is
that
sleep
helps
us
strengthen
new
memories.
[知识拓展]
(1)strengths
and
weaknesses
优势和劣势
build
up
one's
strength
增强体质
have
the
strength
to
do
sth.
有做某事的力量
with
all
one's
strength
竭尽全力
(2)strength
n.
体力，力气；长处，优势；力量；毅力
strong
adj.
强壮的；坚强的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Great
determination
and
ambition
are
his
great
strengths
(strength)．
②Every
morning
I'm
working
out
to
build
up
my
strength(增强体质)．
[小片段填空]
We
strongly
feel
that
many
factors
determine
whether
we
can
succeed
in
our
life
and
careers，including
a
strong
body
and
a
good
personality.Knowing
our
strength
is
also
very
important.But
the
most
important
is
to
strengthen
the
ties
with
the
people
around
us.
Sentence
Patterns
介词短语置于句首的倒装句式
[教材P27] In
a
sealed
cave，now
known
as
the
famous
Library
Cave，were
hidden
thousands
of
manuscripts，paintings
and
scrolls
,as
well
as
silk
embroideries.
在一个密封的山洞里，现在被称为著名的藏经洞里，藏着成千上万的手稿、绘画和卷轴，其中包括丝绸刺绣。
句式分析：本句话的正常语序是：Thousands
of
manuscripts，paintings
and
scrolls
,as
well
as
silk
embroideries
were
hidden
in
a
sealed
cave，now
known
as
the
famous
Library
Cave.。
[例1] In
came
a
girl，wearing
a
white
skirt.
一个穿着白色裙子的小姑娘走了进来。
[例2] Into
the
dark
apartment
walked
my
friend，who
was
quite
surprised
when
everyone
shouted
Happy
Birthday.
我朋友走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。
[造句]
男孩冲出去了。
Out
rushed
the
boy.
[知识拓展]
(1)out，in，down，up，away，here，now，then，there等表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。
(2)表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。
(3)作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面时，句子也用完全倒装，即“形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。
(4)代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时，句子用完全倒装。
注意：
(1)此类用法中的谓语动词一般为be动词或lie，come，go，stand等动词，且句子的主语为名词。
(2)如果句子的主语为人称代词，不用倒装语序。如：
Look
at
the
little
dog!
Here
it
runs.
看这条小狗！它跑过来了。
[翻译1] 一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。
Present
at
the
meeting
were
some
scientists
from
China.
[翻译2] 这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。
Such
is
our
lively
city，which
you
are
welcome
to
visit
whenever
at
your
convenience.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Between
France
and
Spain
is
(be)another
mountain
range—the
Pyrenees.
②There
stands(stand)a
tree.
③Next
door
to
ours
lives(live)a
foreign
student，who
seems
to
have
settled
into
life
in
China.
so...that
引导的结果状语从句
[教材P27] The
scrolls
are
so
detailed
that
they
describe
the
vast
range
of
goods
that
were
imported
and
exported
from
Dunhuang，such
as
ceramics，medicine，perfumes
and
fruit，to
name
just
a
few.
这些卷轴非常详细，它们描述了从敦煌进口和出口的大量货物，例如陶瓷、医药、香水和水果等等。
句式分析：本句是so...that
引导的结果状语从句。
[例1] He
is
so
tired
that
he
does
not
want
to
go
with
us.
他太疲劳，所以他不想和我们一起去。
[例2] He
is
so
dishonest
that
nobody
wants
to
make
friends
with
him.
他太不诚实了，没有人和他做朋友。
[造句]
他说得很清楚，每个人都能听懂。
He
speaks
so
clearly
that
everyone
can
understand
him.
[知识拓展]
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so
that，so...that...，such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...，such...that...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构：
为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
[翻译1] 天气那么晴朗，我们都想去公园。
It
is
such
fine
weather
that
we
all
want
to
go
to
the
park.
[翻译2] 他挣这么少的钱，不能养活一家人。
He
earned
so
little
money
that
he
couldn't
support
his
family.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Mike
is
so
honest
a
worker
that
we
all
believe
in
him.
②So
clever
a
student
was
he
(他是那么聪明的学生)that
he
was
able
to
work
out
all
the
difficult
questions.
倍数表达方法
[教材P27] In
the
Ming
Dynasty，trade
routes
changed
and
Dunhuang
was
not
as
prosperous
as
it
used
to
be.
到了明朝，贸易路线改变了，敦煌也不像以前那样繁荣了。
句式分析：本句是用了as...as
的结构表达倍数。
[例1] In
other
words，there
are
three
times
as
many
girls
as
boys.
换句话说，女孩的数量是男孩的三倍。
[例2] The
researchers
found
that
laptop
users
took
twice
as
many
notes
as
those
who
wrote
by
hand.
研究人员发现，笔记本电脑用户记笔记的次数比手写的人要多一倍。
[造句]
红尺是黄尺的三倍长。
The
red
ruler
is
three
times
as
long
as
the
yellow
one.
[知识拓展]
常见表示“倍数”的句型：
(1)倍数＋as＋many/much＋n.＋as
(2)倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as
(3)倍数＋形容词比较级/副词比较级＋than
(4)倍数＋the
size/length/height/depth/width＋of
表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语。
[翻译] 据我所知，这个城市是那个城市的三倍大。
As
far
as
I
know，the
city
is
three
times
as
large
as
that
one.
→As
far
as
I
know，the
city
is
three
times
larger
than
that
one.
→As
far
as
I
know，the
city
is
three
times
the
size
of
that
one.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My
school
has
expanded
into
a
big
one，which
is
three
times
as
big
as
the
previous
one.
②The
electronic
waste
stream
is
increasing
three
times
faster
than
traditional
garbage
as
a
whole.
③It
is
wise
to
have
as
many
good
friends
as
we
can.
Thanks
to
this
ancient
library，we
now
know
that
goods
arrived
in
Dunhuang
from
as
far
away
as
North?east
Europe，and
that
goods
were
also
exported
from
Dunhuang
across
Asia
and
Europe.
分析：本句为复合句，know
的后面接了两个宾语从句第一个是that
goods
arrived
in
Dunhuang
from
as
far
away
as
North?east
Europe，第二个是that
goods
were
also
exported
from
Dunhuang
across
Asia
and
Europe，中间用and
连接。
译文：多亏了这个古老的藏经洞，我们现在知道，货物从遥远的东北欧运抵敦煌，货物也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲。
教材
高考
1.Today，Dunhuang
is
a
world?class
tourist
destination
boasting
sites
with
UNESCO?protected
heritage
status.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)He
wants
these
kids
to
learn
to
boast
(夸耀)about
themselves.
2.The
painting
of
Apsaras
reached
a
peak
during
the
Tang
Dynasty；these
images
are
full
of
life，reflecting
the
confidence
and
optimism
of
people
from
that
time.
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)But
that
changed
when
a
system
of
high?tech
mirrors
was
introduced
to
reflect
sunlight
from
neighboring
peaks
into
the
valley
below.
3.Given
that
the
theme
of
the
Expo
was
to
promote
cultural
exchange
and
strengthen
mutual
cooperation
between
the
countries
along
the
Silk
Road，Dunhuang
was
the
ideal
place.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The
likables'
plays?well?with?others
qualities
strengthen
schoolyard
friendships，jump?start
interpersonal
skills
and，when
tapped
early，are
employed
ever
after
in
life
and
work.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．This
is
a
law
dating
(date)from
the
17th
century.
2．She
boasted
about/of
her
collection
of
china.
3．The
old
man
received
religious(religion)
education
when
he
was
young.
4．What
a
heavenly
(heaven)day!
5．Her
mood
varied(vary)from
optimism
to
extreme
depression.
6．She
felt
sure
the
letter
had
some
hidden
(hide)meaning.
7．I
find
it
absolutely
astonishing(astonish)that
you
don't
like
it.
8．Given
his
age，he's
remarkably
active.
9．The
new
teacher
brought
English
to
life
for
us.
10．Her
position
in
the
party
has
strengthened
(strengthen)
in
recent
weeks.
Ⅱ.短语填空
cover
an
area
of...；vary
from...to...；bring...to
life；thanks
to；in
detail
1．The
age
of
the
kids
varies
from
5
to
10.
2．The
reserve
covers
an
area
of
1，140
square
kilometres.
3．It
was
thanks
to
his
advice
that
I
succeeded.
4．Could
you
explain
it
in
detail?
5．Flowers
can
bring
a
dull
room
to
life．
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Dunhuang
located
in
Gansu
Province
is
a
centre
of
cultural
and
1.commercial(commerce)exchange
and
a
world?class
tourist
destination，2.boasting(boast)sites
with
UNESCO?protected
heritage
status.Mogao
Grottoes
3.were
carved(carve)out
of
the
rock
over
a
period
of
1，000
years.We
can
see
the
elements
from
Ancient
Greece，India
and
Iran
on
statues.The
subjects
of
the
Dunhuang
murals
vary
from
religious
stories
4.
to
scenes
of
everyday
life，of
5.
which
Apsara
is
unique
to
Dunhuang.Apsaras
painted
during
the
Tang
Dynasty
are
a
reflection
of
people's
6.confidence
(confident)of
life.As
for
Library
Cave，discovered
inside
7.were
(be)many
manuscripts，paintings
and
scrolls.In
the
Ming
Dynasty，trade
routes
changed，8.so
Dunhuang
faded
little
by
little.9.Fortunately(fortunate)，Dunhuang
10.has
become
(become)a
global
crossroads
once
again
since
it
hosted
the
Silk
Road
International
Cultural
Expo
in
2017.
6/13状语从句
状语从句一般分为九种，它们是：时间状语从句；地点状语从句；原因状语从句；条件状语从句；目的状语从句；结果状语从句；方式状语从句；让步状语从句；比较状语从句。
一、时间状语从句；地点状语从句；原因状语从句；条件状语从句
[观察例句]
1．We
should
go
where
the
Party
needs
us
most.
2．The
last
time
she
saw
James，he
was
lying
in
bed.
3．If
you
see
him，give
him
this
note.
4．It
will
not
be
long
before
we
meet
again.
5．I
have
written
home
four
times
since
I
came
here.
6．Now
that
everybody
is
here，let's
begin
our
meeting.
[归纳用法]
1．引导时间状语从句的有：(1)as
，after，before，directly，immediately，once，since，till，until，when，while，whenever
等连词。(2)as
soon
as，the
moment/minute，every
time，each
time，next
time，the
first/last
time，any
time，by
the
time，the
day/year等短语。
2．引导地点状语从句的有：where，wherever，everywhere，anywhere等连词。
3．引导原因状语从句的有：because，as，since，now
that等连词。
4．引导条件状语从句的有：if，unless，as/so
long
as，in
case，on
condition
that，provided/providing(that)，supposing/suppose(that)等连词。
[名师点津]
1．when，while与as引导的时间状语从句的区别
连词
从句谓语动词
用法
when
延续性动词、非延续性动词
从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生
while
延续性动词
从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as
延续性动词
强调主从句动作相伴发生，可译为“一边……一边……；随着”
2.before与since的常用句式
连词
词义
常用句式
before
在……之前，还未……就……；……才……；趁……，还没来得及……
(1)It
will(not)be＋一段时间＋before...“(没有)过……(时间)才(就)……”(2)It
was
not
long
bef?ore...“不久……就……”(3)It
was＋时间段＋before...“过了……(时间)才……”
since
自从……以来
It
is/has
been＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时)
3.until与till引导时间状语从句的区别
连词
位置
用法
until
可以放在句首
not...until可用于强调句型
till
不可放在句首
一般不用于强调句型
4.because，as，since，now
that引导原因状语从句的区别
连词
位置
内涵
语气
能否回答why
能否被强调
because
一般放在主句之后
直接因果关系
强
能
能
as
主句前或后
双方都知道的原因
弱
不能
不能
since/now
that
通常位于主句前
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①While/When
I
was
reading，he
came
in.
②You'll
be
late
unless
you
get
up
earlier.
③The
old
man
asked
Lucy
to
move
to
another
chair
because
he
wanted
to
sit
next
to
his
wife.
④We
must
camp
where
we
can
get
water.
二、目的状语从句；结果状语从句；方式状语从句；让步状语从句；比较状语从句
[观察例句]
1．Although
he
may
be
troubled，he
always
presents
a
calm
smiling
face.
2．Mike
is
such
an
honest
man
that
we
all
believe
in
him.
3．I
have
changed
it
as
you
suggested.
4．I'll
speak
slowly
so
that
you
can
make
sense
of
what
I
will
say.
5．He
runs
faster
than
I(do)．
[归纳用法]
1．引导目的状语从句的有：so
that，in
order
that，in
case，for
fear
that等。
2．引导结果状语从句的有：so
that，so...that...，such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...，such...that...引导的句子中的that可以省略。
3．引导方式状语从句的有：as，as
if/though。
4．引导让步状语从句的有：although，though，as，while，even
if/though，whether...or(not)，“no
matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋?ever”。
5．引导比较状语从句的有：as...as，not
as/so...as，the
same...as，比较级＋than。
[名师点津]
1．although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；
though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
2．although与though都可以与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。
3．while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。
4．“疑问词＋?ever”还可以引导名词性从句；“no
matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
5．so
that与in
order
that引导目的状语从句时，常与can，could，may，might连用；in
order
that
引导的目的状语从句可以置于主句前或后，但so
that引导的从句只能置于主句后。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①While
all
of
them
are
strong
candidates，only
one
will
be
chosen
for
the
post.
②And
he
speaks
so
slowly
and
strangely
that
it
takes
patience
to
understand
what
he
is
saying.
③They
are
working
on
it
day
and
night
so
that
they
can
finish
it
ahead
of
time.
④She
is
two
years
older
than
I.
⑤He
behaved
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You
may
use
the
room
as/so
long
as
you
clean
it
up
afterwards.
2．He
is
so
smart
a
boy
that
I
like
him
very
much.
3．After
the
war，a
new
school
building
was
put
up
where
there
had
once
been
a
theatre.
4．Tom
is
so
independent
that
he
never
asks
his
parents'
opinions
unless
he
wants
their
support.
5．If
we
don't
stop
global
warming，many
animals
and
plants
in
the
world
will
be
gone.
6．Let's
not
pick
these
peaches
until
this
weekend
so
that
they
get
sweet
enough
to
be
eaten.
7．Although/Though/While
birds
use
their
feathers
for
flight，some
of
their
feathers
are
for
other
purposes.
8.If
you
don't
understand
something，you
may
research，study，and
talk
to
other
people
until
you
figure
it
out.
9.Located
where
the
Belt
meets
the
Road，Jiangsu
will
contribute
more
to
the
Belt
and
Road
construction.
10.Over
time，when/as
the
population
grew，people
began
cutting
food
into
small
pieces
so
it
would
cook
more
quickly.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Parents
and
grandparents
are
understandably
proud
of
the
quick
minds
and
1.impressive
(impress)talents
of
their
little
ones.But
let
me
tell
you
about
another
quality，perhaps
even
more
important，2.found
(find)in
a
little
girl
named
Skylar.
Ever
3.since
Skylar
learned
of
Disneyland
from
TV，she
saved
her
nickels
and
dimes
in
a
piggy
bank
in
the
hope
of
visiting
there
someday.
4．When
Skylar
returned
it
was
Christmas
time.She
decided
to
buy
presents
with
her
savings，but
she
also
learned
from
5.announcements(announcement)
on
TV
about
a
local
homeless
shelter
called
“The
Road
House”．
6．On
Christmas
Eve，she
and
her
family
drove
to
the
shelter
7.where
Skylar
presented
her
Christmas
box
to
a
grateful
little
girl.She
was
8.
so
filled
with
joy
at
truly
helping
someone
else
that
her
family
decided
9.to
make(make)the
journey
to
the
homeless
shelter
an
annual
tradition.
It
is
that
quality，above
all
these，10.that
makes
beautiful
people.
2/5速读教材P26－27课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及
1．Dunhuang
was
the
gateway
and
a
green
island
in
the
middle
of
the
desert.
A．Right.
B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
2．The
Mogao
Grottoes
are
testimony
to
how
the
Silk
Road
connect
East
and
West.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．Apsaras
is
unique
to
Dunhuang.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．Dunhuang
began
to
fade
during
the
Ming
Dynasty.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．Mutual
cooperation
and
cultural
exchange
make
the
Silk
Road
live.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 AAAAA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息
A．when
they
saw
the
oasis
of
Dunhuang
ahead
of
them
B．If
you
look
up
C．as
it
used
to
be
D．Given
that
the
theme
of
the
Expo
was
to
promote
cultural
exchange
and
strengthen
mutual
cooperation
between
the
countries
along
the
Silk
Road
E．the
first
time
I
read
it
1．I
fell
in
love
with
Dream
of
the
Red
Chamber
．..
2．You
can
only
imagine
how
travellers
felt
．
3．In
the
Ming
Dynasty，trade
routes
changed
and
Dunhuang
was
not
as
prosperous
．
4．
，you
can
see
the
paintings
and
other
artworks
that
are
testimony
to
how
the
Silk
Road
brought
East
and
West
together.
5．
，Dunhuang
was
the
ideal
place.
[答案] 1—5 EACBD
Ⅲ.表格填空
Name
Dunhuang
Location
1.Gansu
Province
Significance
2.UNESCO?protected
heritage
sitesa
centre
of
3.cultural
and
commercial
exchange4.a
world?class
tourist
destination
Caves
in
Mogao
Grottoes
The
caves
were
carved
out
of
the
rock
5.over
a
period
of
1，000
years.
Statues
The
statues
include
elements
from
6.Ancient
Greece，India
and
Iran.
Murals
They
vary
from
7.religious
stories
to
scenes
of
8.everyday
life.
Apsaras
Apsaras
painted
during
the
Tang
Dynasty
are
a
reflection
of
9.
the
confidence
and
optimism
of
people.
Library
Cave
Discovered
inside
were
10.thousands
of
manuscripts，paintings
and
scrolls
including
silk
embroideries.
细读教材P26－27课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1
A．A
short
brief
of
Dunhuang
2．Para.2
B．Dunhuang's
murals
3．Para.3
C．Dunhuang
was
brought
to
life
through
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative.
4．Para.4
D．Dunhuang
faded
gradually
5．Para.5
E．Dunhuang's
Library
Cave
6．Para.6
F．The
significance
of
Dunhuang
[答案] 1—6 AFBEDC
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．Where
does
the
article
probably
come
from?
A．A
travel
brochure.
B．A
tour
guided
commentary.
C．A
blog.
D．A
lecture.
2．What
happened
in
1900?
A．Treasures
were
hidden
in
a
sealed
cave.
B．We
could
have
a
vivid
picture
of
Dunhuang.
C．A
Taoist
priest
found
the
famous
Library
Cave.
D．The
treasures
date
from
405
AD
to
1002
AD.
3．What
can
we
infer
from
the
Dunhuang
murals?
A．The
artists
from
that
time
performed
better
than
nowadays'
ones.
B．Its
subjects
include
religious
stories
and
scenes
of
everyday
life.
C．People
from
that
time
is
confident
and
optimistic
to
life.
D．Painting
reached
a
peak
during
the
Tang
Dynasty.
4．What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．The
Silk
Road
was
an
ancient
trade
route
between
East
and
West，which
passed
through
Dunhuang.
B．The
Silk
Road
city
of
Dunhuang
has
a
splendid
history
and
is
once
again
a
meeting
place
for
people
from
around
the
world.
C．Dunhuang
serves
as
trade
routes
in
ancient
China.
D．In
Dunhuang
there
are
grottoes，murals
and
other
sights
that
attract
tourists
from
all
over
the
world.
[答案] 1－4 BCBB
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能——描述某地兴衰
A．阅读课文中含有描述敦煌兴衰的语句
1．On
the
old
Silk
Road，this
city
was
the
gateway
to
and
from
Ancient
China，a
place
where
East
met
West，and
a
green
island
in
the
middle
of
the
desert.
2．Dunhuang's
long
and
glorious
history
represents
its
significance
as
a
centre
of
cultural
and
commercial
exchange.
3．Today，Dunhuang
is
a
world?class
tourist
destination
boasting
sites
with
UNESCO?protected
heritage
status.
4．In
the
Ming
Dynasty，trade
routes
changed
and
Dunhuang
was
not
as
prosperous
as
it
used
to
be.
B．判断下列语句中哪个不是描述敦煌兴衰的？
1．Dating
from
405
AD
to
1002
AD，these
hidden
treasures
give
us
a
picture
of
Dunhuang
when
it
was
at
the
very
centre
of
the
Silk
Road
trade.
2．But
one
type
of
mural
that
is
unique
to
Dunhuang
shows
the
Apsaras，or
“Flying
Immortals”．
3．Thanks
to
this
ancient
library，we
now
know
that
goods
arrived
in
Dunhuang
from
as
far
away
as
North?east
Europe，and
that
goods
were
also
exported
from
Dunhuang
across
Asia
and
Europe.
4．Gradually，it
faded
from
memory，even
though
it
was
once
such
a
great
city.
[答案] 2
2/4课时分层作业(八)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It
is
known
that
the
first
edition
of
the
dictionary
was
published
(publish)
in
2007.
2．Chinese
literary
works
tend
to
be
highly(high)thought
of.
3．What
interests
me
most
is
the
work
itself.
4．I
also
keep
a
close
eye
on
what
is
being
self?published
online.
5．I
was
determined(determine)to
translate
it
into
Chinese.
6．I
gradually
fell
in
love
with
Chinese
literature
when
I
started
working
as
a
translator.
7．The
man
with
a
book
in
his
hand
is
familiar
to
us
all.
8．In
addition
to
studying(study)
Chinese
literature，he
wrote
a
book
on
Chinese
custom.
9．He
was
the
first
Chinese
to
get(get)information
on
Europe.
10．It
was
three
years
since
we
had
been
there.
Ⅱ.完形填空
One
morning，on
my
way
home，it
was
raining
very
heavily.Nearing
my
town，I
watched
as
the
water
level
on
the
road
1
in
front
of
me.I
had
nowhere
to
go.
The
driver
of
a
four?wheel
drive
signaled
from
his
car
to
tell
me
not
to
cross
the
2
road.Then
I
noticed
a
man
in
his
early
30s
in
his
front
yard
3
the
situation.He
quickly
waved
to
me
to
come
and
4
in
his
driveway
away
from
the
rushing
water.
The
man
called
Trent
then
invited
me
to
wait
5
the
rain
inside
his
house.I
told
him
I
was
concerned
about
the
6
to
my
car，as
the
continuing
rain
started
to
7
into
hail(冰雹)．Trent
then
took
a
cover
from
his
garage
and
8
my
car
to
protect
it
from
the
hail.
9
，
his
efforts
were
not
in
vain.
While
waiting
for
the
10
to
improve，I
learned
Trent
had
11
his
job
ten
months
ago
and
was
trying
his
hand
as
a
local
handyman(做零活的人)to
make
ends
meet.
By
12：30
p．m.
the
rain
12
and
it
would
be
safe
enough
to
13
the
road.As
I
left，I
insisted
on
14
his
business
card，and
my
father
has
since
called
Trent
to
offer
him
15
as
a
handyman
at
our
place
doing
various
small
jobs.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者描述了他在一场大雨中得到好心人的帮助的经历。
1．A.rose
B．arrived
C．fell
D．disappeared
A [根据后一句“I
had
nowhere
to
go.”和第二段最后“the
rushing
water”可知，由于雨势太大，“我”前面的路面积水升高(rise)。]
2．A.busy
B．wide
C．quiet
D．dangerous
D [由上文可推知，路面积水升高使得道路危险(dangerous)，因此一位司机示意告诉“我”不要穿过道路。]
3．A.sticking
with
B．dealing
with
C．messing
up
D．sizing
up
D [由下文那位叫Trent的男子向“我”招手示意去他家躲避来势汹汹的大雨可知，这位三十岁左右的男子在他家前院检查(size
up)路面情况。]
4．A.call
B．park
C．wash
D．stay
B [由下文的“wait
the
rain
inside
his
house”可知，Trent让“我”把车停到(park)他家。]
5．A.on
B．for
C．out
D．behind
C [Trent邀请“我”去他家等待雨停(wait
out
the
rain)。]
6．A.approach
B．reaction
C．damage
D．attention
C [由下文“started
to
into
hail(冰雹)”可知，“我”担心车因冰雹而受损(damage)。]
7．A.turn
B．bring
C．come
D．grow
A [因为一直下的雨开始变成冰雹。turn
into“变成”。]
8．A.hid
B．cleaned
C．measured
D．covered
D [Trent从车库拿出一个外罩并且遮住(cover)“我”的车以免被冰雹砸坏。]
9．A.Suddenly
B．Secretly
C．Interestingly
D．Fortunately
D [由“his
efforts
were
not
in
vain”可知，幸好(Fortunately)，Trent的努力没有白费。]
10．A.job
B．water
C．weather
D．business
C [“我”到Trent家是为了等天气(weather)好转。]
11．A.got
B．lost
C．kept
D．finished
B [由下文的“as
a
local
handyman(做零活的人)to
make
ends
meet”可推知，Trent失去(lose)工作已经十个月了。]
12．A.came
B．poured
C．stopped
D．continued
C [由下文“it
would
be
safe
enough
”和
“As
I
left”可知，12：30的时候雨停(stop)了，足够安全可以上路(hit
the
road)了。]
13．A.repair
B．hit
C．follow
D．build
B [参见上题解析。]
14．A.taking
B．accepting
C．signing
D．borrowing
A [“我”与Trent认识之前他就在做零工，因此为了以后帮助他，“我”离开时坚持要拿(take)张他的名片。]
15．A.chance
B．work
C．service
D．transport
B [由“at
our
place
doing
various
small
jobs”可知，父亲之后常打电话给Trent提供做零活的工作(work)。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
At
university
I
play
a
Dutch
sport
1.
(call)korfball.This
is
a
team
sport
with
eight
people
on
each
team，four
boys
and
four
girls.It's
the
only
2.
(true)mixed
sport
with
both
genders
on
the
court
at
3.
same
time.The
aim
is
to
shoot
the
ball
into
the
hoop，which
is
like
a
netball
or
basketball
hoop，only
4.
(high)than
that!
All
players
get
a
chance
5.
(attack)and
defend
during
the
game
and
it's
very
fast?paced.
When
I
6.
(start)korfball，I
wasn't
very
good
at
it.I
could
throw
and
catch
but
I
was
not
very
fast
on
my
feet.Shooting
was
also
difficult
for
me
because
I'd
played
netball
in
school
and
was
used
7.
a
shorter
post.Moreover，you
often
have
to
shoot
on
the
move
in
korfball，and
I
found
8.
hard
to
balance
and
shoot
straight
while
running
backwards
away
from
my
defender!
However，I
really
enjoyed
the
sport
and
made
friends
in
the
club，so
I
attended
9.
(train)twice
a
week，every
week.Two
years
later
I
am
in
the
first
team
for
my
university
and
have
played
in
many
matches
and
tournaments，even
scoring
some
10.
(goal)for
my
team!
This
just
shows
that
hard
work
pays
off—if
you
train
hard，you
can
succeed.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者在大学里参加的一项运动——科尔夫球。
1．called [考查非谓语动词。call与sport之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填called。]
2．truly [考查副词。设空处修饰形容词mixed，故填副词truly(真正地)。]
3．the [考查冠词。at
the
same
time意为“同时”。]
4．higher [考查形容词比较级。由than可知，设空处应用比较级，故填higher。]
5．to
attack [考查非谓语动词。chance后常跟动词不定式作定语，故填to
attack。]
6．started [考查动词的时态。由主句时态可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，故填started。]
7．to [考查介词。be
used
to...意为“习惯于……”。]
8．it [考查代词。设空处作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to
balance
and
shoot
straight...my
defender，故填it。]
9．training [考查名词。设空处作宾语，表示“训练”，故填training。]
10．goals [考查名词复数。goal在此意为“得分”，是可数名词，且由some可知，应用复数，故填goals。]
2/5阅读教材P32－33课文，选出最佳选项
1．What
was
the
first
Chinese
historical
work
that
Joachim
read?
A．Shi
Ji.
B．Homer's
epic
poems.
C．Records
of
the
Grand
Historian.
D．Song
of
the
Shepherd.
2．How
do
people
in
the
Netherlands
select
works
to
translate?
A．According
to
the
work
itself.
B．According
to
people's
interest.
C．According
to
the
money
provided
by
the
punishing
houses.
D．According
to
the
opinions
of
respected
Sinologists.
[答案] 1－2 AD
Words
and
Phrases
account
n．叙述；描写；报道；账单；账户
v．说明；解释
[教材P30] Zhang
Qian，a
diplomat，gave
a
reliable
account
of
the
lands
of
Central
Asia
for
the
Han
court.
张骞是一位外交官，他为汉朝提供了一份关于中亚地区的可靠报告。
[例1] The
preface
of
the
book
includes
an
account
of
the
author's
life.
该书前言记述了作者生平。
[例2] The
report
presents
a
faithful
account
of
the
event.
这篇报告如实地记述了那次事件。
[造句]
她的日记记述了事情的经过。
Her
diary
gives
an
account
of
what
happened.
[知识拓展]
(1)on
account
of(＝because
of)
因为，由于
on
no
account(＝in
no
way)
决不
give
an
account
of
报告；叙述；说明
take
sth.into
account＝take
account
of
sth.
对某事加以考虑
(2)account
for
解释，说明，占……(比例)
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空/句型转换
①According
to
the
World
Bank，China
accounts
for
about
30
percent
(中国占30%左右)of
total
global
fertilizer
consumption.
②I
was
a
new
teacher，and
I
gave
an
honest
account
of
the
students'
work.
③The
patient
can
on
no
account
be
moved
until
a
doctor
has
arrived
on
the
scene.
→On
no
account
can
the
patient
be
moved
until
a
doctor
has
arrived
on
the
scene.
in
addition
to另外，加之，除……之外(还)
[教材P30] In
addition
to
studying
Western
literature，he
wrote
a
number
of
works
on
Chinese
culture.
除了学习西方文学外，他还写了许多关于中国文化的著作。
[例1] You
need
money
and
time；in
addition，you
need
diligence.
你需要钱和时间，此外还需要努力。
[例2] In
China，both
late
marriages
and
late
childbirth
are
advocated，in
addition
to
fewer
and
better
births.
在中国，晚婚晚育和少生优生均受到提倡鼓励。
[造句]
除了每周的薪水外，我还能得到不少小费。
In
addition
to
my
weekly
wage，I
got
a
lot
of
tips.
[知识拓展]
(1)in
addition＝besides/furthermore/what's
more
另外，而且
in
addition
to＝besides/apart
from/as
well
as
除……之外还……
(2)additional
adj.
额外的，附加的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In
addition，I
can
see
different
kinds
of
beautiful
birds.
②Working
out
in
the
morning
provides
additional(addition)benefits
beyond
being
physically
fit.
familiar
adj.熟悉的
[教材P32] The
world
of
Chinese
literature
is
one
that
is
familiar
to
us
all.
中国文学世界是我们大家都熟悉的。
[例1] Your
name
is
familiar
to
me.
我熟悉你的名字。
[例2] Rose
heard
the
familiar
voice，but
tuned
out
the
words.
罗斯听到了熟悉的声音，但没注意听说的是什么。
[造句]
我不了解他的性格。
I
am
not
familiar
with
his
character.
[知识拓展]
(1)unfamiliar
adj.
不熟悉的；陌生的
(2)sth.be
familiar
to
sb.
某物对某人来说熟悉的
sb.be
familiar
with
sth.
某人熟知某事物
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①He
is
a
new?comer，so
he
is
unfamiliar
(familiar)with
the
school.
②These
are
the
facts
that
are
familiar
to
every
schoolboy.
→These
are
the
facts
with
which
every
schoodboy
is
familiar．
prior
adj.
先前的；较早的
[教材P32] Prior
to
that，the
only
great
historical
works
I
had
been
exposed
to
were
Homer's
epic
poems.
在此之前，我曾经接触到的唯一伟大的历史作品是荷马史诗。
[例1] I'm
sorry
I
have
a
prior
engagement.
对不起，我有约会在先。
[例2] She
had
to
refuse
the
invitation
because
of
a
prior
arrangement.
由于事先有安排，她不得不拒绝这个邀请。
[造句] 在十字路口，校车有优先通行权。
At
the
crossroads，school
buses
have
a
prior
right
to
pass.
[知识拓展]
prior
to
在……之前，先于……
priority
n.
优先；优先权
have
priority
over
……比……有优先权
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
will
was
made
two
days
prior
to
his
death.
②My
priority
(prior)
is
to
finish
my
homework
then
dinner.
③A
patrol
car
has
priority
over
other
traffic.
determined
adj.决心；决定；决意；坚定的；坚决的；果断的
[教材P33] I
fell
in
love
with
Dream
of
the
Red
Chamber
the
first
time
I
read
it，and
was
determined
to
translate
it
into
Bulgarian.
我第一次读到《红楼梦》时就爱上了它，并决心将它翻译成保加利亚语。
[例1] His
enemies
are
determined
to
ruin
him.
他的敌人决意要毁了他。
[例2] He
was
determined
that
none
of
his
children
would
be
denied
education.
他下定决心要让他的每个孩子都接受教育。
[造句]
我们下定决心，要在元旦前完成这项工作。
We
are
determined
to
get
the
work
done
before
New
Year's
Day.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
determined
to
do
sth.
决心做某事(表示状态)
(2)determine
v.
决定；确定；(使)下定决心
determine
to
do
sth.
决心做某事(表示动作)
determine
on/upon(doing)sth.
决定(做)某事
(3)determination
n.
决心；果断
高考中常把determined
to
do
sth.作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还有lost
in，caught
in，absorbed
in等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
determined
to
write(write)them
in
alphabetical
order(按字母顺序)，never
letting
myself
leave
out
a
tough
idea.
②Where
he
once
felt
like
giving
up，he
now
has
the
determination
(determine)to
push
further
and
keep
on
going.
③Determined(determine)to
do
this
on
my
own，I
spent
several
weeks
going
door?to?door
for
a
job，but
found
little
response.
[小片段填空]
The
very
determined
man
has
determined
to
deal
with
the
matter
with
great
courage
and
firm
determination．
see...done
看见……被做
[教材P33] Each
year
sees
more
works
by
Chinese
writers
published
in
the
Netherlands，and
they
are
well?received.
每年在荷兰会见证更多的中国作家的作品被出版，并且人们对它们反应良好。
[例1] I
would
like
to
see
the
plan
carried
out.
我想看到这个计划被执行。
[例2] I
saw
him
punished
by
his
father.
我看见他被他父亲惩罚了。
[造句] 我看见他被狗咬了。
I
saw
him
bitten
by
a
dog.
[知识拓展]
(1)see
sb./sth.doing
sth.
看见……正在做
(2)see
sb./sth.do
sth.
看见……做了
(3)see
sb./sth.being
done
看见……正在被
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
saw
him
crying(cry)under
the
road.
②The
little
boy
saw
the
dog
killed(kill)．
③Can
you
see
the
bridge
being
built
(build)?
主旨大意题
说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有：
(1)What
is
the
main
theme/topic/idea
of
this/the
passage/the
text?
(2)What
does
the
text/passage
mainly
focus
on?
(3)The
passage
is
mainly
about
．
(4)The
general/main
idea
of
the
passage
is
．
(5)The
passage
mainly
focuses
on
．
解题技巧——
“主题句定位”寻主旨
文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。
找主题句四个小窍门
1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，in
fact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。
3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，in
short，conclude，conclusion等词。
[典例]
A
month
before
my
first
marathon，one
of
my
ankles
was
injured
and
this
meant
not
running
for
two
weeks，leaving
me
only
two
weeks
to
train.Yet，I
was
determined
to
go
ahead.
I
remember
back
to
my
7th
year
in
school.In
my
first
P．E.class，the
teacher
required
us
to
run
laps
and
then
hit
a
softball.I
didn't
do
either
well.He
later
informed
me
that
I
was
“not
athletic”．
The
idea
that
I
was
“not
athletic”
stuck
with
me
for
years.When
I
started
running
in
my
30s，I
realized
running
was
a
battle
against
myself，not
about
competition
or
whether
or
not
I
was
athletic.It
was
all
about
the
battle
against
my
own
body
and
mind.A
test
of
wills!
The
night
before
my
marathon，I
dreamt
that
I
couldn't
even
find
the
finish
line.I
woke
up
sweating
and
nervously，but
ready
to
prove
something
to
myself.
Shortly
after
crossing
the
start
line，my
shoe
laces(鞋带)
became
untied.So
I
stopped
to
readjust.Not
the
start
I
wanted!
At
mile
3，I
passed
a
sign：“GO
FOR
IT，RUNNERS！”
By
mile
17，I
became
out
of
breath
and
the
once
injured
ankle
hurt
badly.Despite
the
pain，I
stayed
the
course
walking
a
bit
and
then
running
again.
By
mile
21，I
was
starving!
As
I
approached
mile
23，I
could
see
my
wife
waving
a
sign.She
is
my
biggest
fan.She
never
minded
the
alarm
clock
sounding
at
4
a．m.or
questioned
my
expenses
on
running.
I
was
one
of
the
final
runners
to
finish.But
I
finished!
And
I
got
a
medal.In
fact，I
got
the
same
medal
as
the
one
that
the
guy
who
came
in
first
place
had.
Determined
to
be
myself，move
forward，free
of
shame
and
worldly
labels(世俗标签)，I
can
now
call
myself
a
“marathon
winner”．
★What
does
the
story
mainly
tell
us?
A．A
man
owes
his
success
to
his
family
support.
B．A
winner
is
one
with
a
great
effort
of
will.
C．Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
D．One
is
never
too
old
to
learn.
B [通读全文可知，作者在讲述了自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段“Determined
to
be
myself，move
forward，free
of
shame
and
worldly
labels(世俗标签)，I
can
now
call
myself
a
‘marathon
winner’．”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的强大意志力。故选B。]
[对点训练]
A
Boys
&
Girls
Clubs
of
King
County
is
proud
to
announce
Cassy，a
member
of
Wallingford
Boys
&
Girls
Club，has
won
the
title
of
our
Youth
of
the
Year.
In
total，12
extraordinary
teens
from
Clubs
across
the
county
competed
for
the
title.Each
candidate
was
judged
on
the
following：leadership
and
service
to
their
Club
and
community；their
life
goals
and
values；moral
character；academic
success
and
their
public
speaking
skills
during
an
interview.
Cassy
walked
away
with
the
winning
title
and
a
$2，000
education
scholarship.She
said，“When
there
was
no
one
else
to
reach
out
to，I
knew
I
could
turn
to
the
staff
at
the
Boys
&
Girls
Club.Without
the
Club，I
wouldn't
have
had
the
strength
to
continue
my
studies
while
I
was
homeless.I
have
come
to
think
of
the
Boys
&
Girls
Club
as
not
only
a
place
to
go
to
after
school，but
a
shelter
and
a
home.”
“Cassy
is
incredibly
hard?working
and
driven，”
said
Meghan
Sweet，Director
of
Wallingford
Boys
&
Girls
Club.“She
won't
let
her
challenges
get
in
the
way
of
her
success.The
Club
has
provided
her
with
a
second
home，while
she
in
return
has
helped
make
the
Club
a
warm
and
welcoming
place
we
strive
to
provide
for
all
our
members.The
world
needs
more
young
women
like
Cassy，who
has
proved
that
anyone
who
is
given
a
place
and
an
opportunity
to
develop
their
potential
can
become
a
community
leader.”
Cassy
values
the
voices
of
individuals
who
are
homeless.She
herself
has
experienced
homelessness，and
wants
to
share
real
stories
of
the
homeless
to
promote
people's
understanding
of
them.She
co?founded
a
student
organization
where
she
and
other
students
interview
homeless
individuals
and
share
their
stories
on
a
Facebook
page
called
“The
Unheard
Voices
of
Seattle”．
★What
is
the
passage
mainly
talking
about?
A．The
Unheard
Voices
of
Seattle.
B．The
winner
of
the
Youth
of
the
Year.
C．Boys
&
Girls
Clubs
of
King
County.
D．The
moving
stories
of
homeless
kids.
B [主旨大意题。本文围绕Cassy获得Boys
&
Girls
Clubs
of
King
County的“Youth
of
the
Year”称号展开了叙述，然后讲述了该称号的评选条件、Cassy获奖后的感受、他人对Cassy的评价以及Cassy为让人们更加了解无家可归的人而做出的努力等。故选B。]
B
If
some
parts
of
a
body
are
very
sick
or
damaged，then
doctors
might
need
to
remove
them.Another
way
doctors
can
help
is
to
grow
new
tissue
to
replace
what
is
sick
or
damaged.This
is
called
regenerative
medicine(再生医学)．
Regenerative
medicine
sounds
like
something
from
a
science
fiction
movie
but
it
is
not
a
new
idea.Inside
our
bones，we
have
something
called
“marrow”，which
makes
our
blood
and
keeps
us
healthy.Doctors
have
been
giving
sick
people
the
bone
marrow
from
other
healthy
people
for
the
last
30
or
40
years，and
this
is
a
kind
of
regenerative
medicine.
Newer
developments
in
regenerative
medicine
include
growing
new
skin
in
a
laboratory
and
using
it
to
help
people
who
have
been
hurt
in
fires
or
accidents.Another
example
of
regenerative
medicine
is
a
technique
developed
from
studying
frogs
and
mice.When
cells
are
old，like
in
adults，they
can't
change
what
they
do
in
our
bodies.For
example，a
skin
cell
can't
change
into
an
eye
cell.But
when
cells
are
very
young，they
can
become
any
cell
type.These
young
cells
are
called
stem
cells，and
doctors
can
use
them
to
grow
any
type
of
tissue，such
as
skin，heart
or
eye.John
Gurdon
and
Shinya
Yamanaka
won
the
2012
Nobel
Prize
for
their
studies
in
this
area.
Professor
Fiona
Watt，from
the
Centre
of
Regenerative
Medicine
at
King's
College，London，believes
that
regenerative
medicine
is
so
exciting
because
many
different
kinds
of
experts
need
to
work
together.3D
printers
may
be
used
to
print
new
bones
by
experts，who
need
to
work
closely
with
university
scientists
and
the
surgeons
who
do
the
operations
in
hospitals.
We
can
not
yet
grow
new
arms
or
legs
for
people，but
the
science
fiction
dream
of
regenerative
medicine
may
be
closer
than
we
think.Perhaps
in
the
future，doctors
will
be
able
to
grow
whole
new
bodies
for
us.
★What's
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．How
to
help
very
sick
or
damaged
people.
B．Regenerative
medicine
and
science
fiction.
C．We
can
grow
our
new
bodies
in
the
future.
D．Regenerative
medicine
and
its
development.
D [主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了什么是再生医学，再生医学的具体应用和发展过程及前景。“Regenerative
medicine
and
its
development”是全文的主旨，故选D。]
8/10课时分层作业(九)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
With
their
pipes
and
lids
to
avoid
spills，coffee
cups
have
long
been
the
substitute
for
adults.Now
Starbucks
is
going
all
in
on
the
concept
by
swearing
to
get
rid
of
straws
in
the
next
few
years—and
it's
all
for
a
very
good
reason.This
move
is
an
answer
to
our
own
partners
about
what
we
can
do
to
reduce
the
need
for
straws.Not
using
a
straw
is
the
best
thing
we
can
do
for
the
environment.
In
place
of
plastic
straws，Starbucks
plans
to
offer
recyclable
lids
for
all
iced
drinks
and
paper
straws
for
coffee.The
transition
is
already
taking
place
in
Starbucks'
hometown
of
Seattle，where
a
ban
on
plastic
straws
went
into
place
on
July
1.By
rolling
this
out
in
all
28，000
of
their
stores
in
the
next
few
years，the
company
says
they
are
annually
removing
more
than
one
billion
straws
from
going
into
circulation—and
potentially
the
ocean.
Starbucks'
decision
to
gradually
stop
using
single?use
plastic
straws
is
a
shining
example
of
the
important
role
that
companies
can
play
in
stopping
the
tide
of
ocean
plastic.With
eight
million
metric
tons
of
plastic
entering
the
ocean
every
year，we
cannot
afford
to
let
industry
sit
on
the
sidelines.Marine
life
has
a
50%
death
rate
when
it
swallows
plastic—yet
researchers
believe
there
will
be
more
plastic
in
the
ocean
than
fish
by
the
year
2050
if
this
rate
of
litter
continues.That
means
there
can
be
an
immediate
positive
impact
if
we
swap
plastic
straws
for
environmentally
friendly
alternatives.
The
smart
design
on
the
cup
for
cold
drinks
comes
from
Starbucks'
in?house
team
of
designers
and
has
been
in
development
for
two
years.However，the
announcement
comes
as
outcry(倒彩)increases
over
the
dangers
that
plastic
straws
can
cause
to
marine
life.Other
companies
making
the
eco?friendly
swap
also
announced
plans
last
month
to
test
alternatives
to
plastic
straws.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Starbucks提出不使用塑料吸管来减少白色污染，保护地球的概念。
1．Why
does
Starbucks
decide
to
get
rid
of
plastic
straws?
A．To
reduce
its
cost.
B．To
meet
the
customers'
needs.
C．To
create
a
greener
planet.
D．To
expand
its
business
worldwide.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Not
using
a
straw
is
the
best
thing
we
can
do
for
the
environment.”可知答案为C。]
2．What
does
the
word
“transition”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to?
A．Dilemma.
B．Change.
C．Response.
D．Conflict.
B [词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，这种变化已经在Starbucks的发生，故B项正确。]
3．What's
the
text
mainly
about?
A．Starbucks
is
throwing
away
plastic
straws
for
a
worthy
cause.
B．Environmentally
friendly
material
will
replace
plastic
straws.
C．Scientists
are
making
efforts
to
solve
ocean
plastic
pollution.
D．A
sales
promotion
of
a
new
brand
by
Starbucks
is
being
done.
A [主旨大意题。本文讲述了Starbucks提出不使用塑料吸管来减少白色污染，保护地球的概念。故A项为最佳答案。]
B
Every
ocean
lover
knows
the
dangers
of
getting
caught
in
a
rip
current(离岸流)．Experienced
swimmers
know
it
is
relatively
easy
to
escape
the
narrow
channel
of
the
fast
moving
water
by
floating
and
allowing
it
to
drag
you
further
into
the
ocean
or
by
swimming
alongside
the
shore.However，inexperienced
beachgoers
often
panic，and
try
to
swim
to
land，placing
themselves
at
the
risk
of
drowning
due
to
tiredness.According
to
the
US
National
Ocean
Service，the
currents
kill
about
100
Americans
each
year
and
account
for
80%
of
all
lifeguard
rescues.These
scary
statistics
may
soon
be
a
thing
of
the
past，thanks
to
Clever
Girl，a
smart
buoy(浮标)that
warns
swimmers
of
the
presence
of
deadly
rip
currents.
The
smart
device
is
the
brainchild
of
Australian
teenager
Maddison
King，who
created
Clever
Girl
as
a
project
for
her
Grade
12
Design
and
Technology
class.The
18?year?old，who
works
as
a
lifeguard
during
her
spare
time，came
up
with
the
brilliant
idea
after
discovering
that
most
children
were
unable
to
detect
rip
currents.
The
basketball?sized
plastic
buoy，which
can
be
attached
to
a
chain
of
similar
devices
or
the
ocean
floor，is
fitted
with
a
small
propeller(螺旋桨)．When
the
water
travels
at
the
speed
of
over
70
centimetres
per
second，it
spins
the
propeller
fast
enough
to
power
the
light
atop
the
buoy，warning
swimmers
to
stay
clear
of
the
area.
Though
it
sounds
simple
enough，the
youngster
had
to
overcome
numerous
design
challenges.For
instance，she
picked
a
red
light
since
it
is
easy
to
see
in
the
bright
sunlight
and
also
because
the
color
serves
as
a
universal
warning
sign
for
tourists
that
do
not
speak
the
local
language.The
device's
smooth
surface
and
high
handles
ensure
swimmers
do
not
get
hurt，while
the
black，white，and
red
striped
underside，keeps
sharks
and
other
animals
at
bay.
Future
versions
might
include
something
like
a
warning
siren，which
would
provide
sound
warnings
of
rip
currents.Besides，the
present
model
costs
about
$300
to
make.“That's
beyond
my
purse，”
she
laughs.“The
cost
has
to
be
cut
down.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。在海里游泳时，一些缺乏经验的游泳者遇到高速的离岸流时常常感到恐惧，并试图游向陆地，最终因疲劳而溺水身亡。受做临时救生员工作经历的启发，Maddison
King发明了一种装置，能在离岸流达到一定速度时发出预警，从而使人们避免误入高速洋流。
4．Which
of
the
following
is
the
right
way
to
escape
the
rip
current?
A．Waiting
for
rescues.
B．Swimming
to
the
shore.
C．Moving
fast
in
the
water.
D．Floating
with
the
water.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，有经验的游泳者知道，通过在快速流动的水中漂浮，让流水带着自己流入海洋或沿着海岸游泳是逃离离岸流的有效方法。故选D项。]
5．Why
did
Maddison
decide
to
invent
Clever
Girl?
A．She
wanted
to
challenge
her
creativity.
B．She
was
motivated
by
her
working
experience.
C．She
was
supposed
to
complete
it
for
her
class.
D．She
was
scared
by
the
statistics
of
the
government.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，18岁的Maddison
King在业余时间做救生员，她发现大多数孩子都无法察觉到离岸流，最终会因为疲劳而使自己处于溺水的危险之中，故B项正确。]
6．What
do
we
know
about
the
present
version
of
Clever
Girl?
A．It's
not
available
on
the
market.
B．It's
quite
attractive
for
sea
animals.
C．It's
based
on
a
complex
theory.
D．It
can
give
warnings
in
different
ways.
A [推理判断题。根据第一段可知，每年大约有100个美国人死于离岸流，但这些可怕的统计数据可能很快成为过去，这多亏了警告浮标装置——
Clever
Girl。结合最后一段可知，这种装置的成本很高，且未形成成品；据此可以判断，其目前样本还没有投放市场。故选A项。]
7．What
could
the
future
version
of
Clever
Girl
be
like?
A．Safer
and
greener.
B．Cheaper
and
safer.
C．Greener
and
more
effective.
D．Cheaper
and
more
effective.
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，这种产品目前的样本成本大约是300美元，在将来成本可能会下降；根据最后一段第一句可知，这种产品会更有效。故选D项。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Zigfried，a
little
mouse，once
lived
happily
in
a
farmhouse
with
his
parents.They
got
a
lot
of
food
from
the
kitchen
easily，because
the
owner
of
the
farmhouse
was
very
rich.For
Zigfried
and
his
parents，Christmas
was
their
favorite.On
that
day，they
could
get
lots
of
delicious
food
than
ever
like
chicken，chocolate
and
cheese.Every
time
his
father
would
bring
a
big
chicken
leg
back
for
Zigfried.To
Zigfried，wonderful
food
was
his
Christmas'
miracle.
Unfortunately，Zigfried's
father
was
caught
by
a
cat
when
he
was
hanging
around.Years
later，his
mother
died
because
of
illness
and
the
owner
of
the
farmhouse
moved
to
the
city.Happy
days
were
away
from
Zigfried
from
then
on.All
the
things
had
already
been
changed，there
was
no
food
anymore
in
the
farmhouse
and
no
family，and
all
the
rooms
were
empty.
New
year
was
coming
again，Zigfried
blew
his
breath
on
the
frosty
window
of
the
farmhouse
and
rubbed
it
to
see
the
outside.Still
nobody
came.Maybe
today，he
thought
hopefully.It
was
only
a
few
days
before
Christmas
and
he
was
waiting
for
a
miracle.A
miracle
liked
the
old
times，which
he
has
been
waiting
for
a
long
time.
This
farmhouse
had
been
empty
for
too
long.It
needed
a
family.Zigfried's
stomach
made
a
noise.He
realized
that
he
hadn't
eaten
anything
since
yesterday.He
jumped
from
the
windowsill(窗沿)，grabbed
a
bag
from
his
home，and
went
next
door
to
Farmer
Mike's.
Farmer
Mike's
house
had
been
a
great
place
for
the
little
mouse
until
the
farmer
married
a
wife
who
had
a
cat.Zigfried
trembled
when
he
thought
of
it.He
looked
around
cautiously
as
he
stole
into
the
room
where
grain
was
stored
and
was
quite
nervous
as
he
filled
his
bag
with
wheat.He
was
turning
to
leave
when
suddenly
he
felt
a
hot
breath
about
his
ear.His
heart
beat
wildly，and
without
thinking
he
started
to
run
but
the
cat
kept
chasing
him.Zigfried
was
very
familiar
with
the
house
and
luckily
escaped
the
cat's
paws(爪子)．
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph
1：
The
next
afternoon
Zigfried
heard
some
good
news：
Paragraph
2：
The
house
came
alive
the
next
few
days.
【参考范文】
Paragraph
1：
The
next
afternoon
Zigfried
heard
some
good
news：a
new
family
would
be
moving
into
the
farmhouse
soon.Zigfried's
granny
would
arrive
on
Christmas
Eve
to
celebrate
with
him.He
hoped
that
the
family
would
come
before
his
granny
came.Before
long，a
car
came
up
the
road
leading
to
the
house，with
butter
sandwiches，cheese
and
chocolate.Zigfried's
Christmas
miracle
did
arrive!
Paragraph
2：
The
house
came
alive
the
next
few
days.Zigfried
enjoyed
every
single
hour
of
them.However，the
day
before
Christmas
when
he
was
drinking
hot
chocolate
with
a
satisfied
smile
at
the
door
of
his
home，he
heard
the
discussion
of
the
children
of
the
family
about
what
they
might
get
for
Christmas.What?
A
cat？The
smile
froze
on
his
face；his
mouth
fell
wide
open.After
a
long
while，he
at
last
found
his
voice：“Hey!
Whose
Christmas
miracle
is
this？”
4/6Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.oasis
A．n.活动中心，汇集地
( )2.glorious
B．v.(地方、机构等)自豪地拥有(好的
事物)
( )3.testimony
C．n.
证据；证明
( )4.mural
D．n.(沙漠中的)绿洲
( )5.boast
E．n.壁画
( )6.scroll
F．adj.辉煌的
( )7.crossroads
G．adj.天国的
( )8.heavenly
H．n.纸卷，卷轴
[答案] 1－5 DFCEB 6－8 HAG
B．短语匹配
( )1.vary
from...to...
A．覆盖……面积
( )2.cover
an
area
of...
B．详细地
( )3.bring...to
life
C．多亏了
( )4.thanks
to
D．使……恢复生机
( )5.in
detail
E．从……到……不等
[答案] 1－5 EADCB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．gateway
n．
通往……的门户
2．grotto
n.
小洞穴
3．coverage
n.
覆盖范围
4．statue
n.
雕像；塑像
5．religious
adj.
宗教的
6.
peak
n.
高峰，顶点
7．expo
n.
展览会，博览会
8．strengthen
v.
加强
Ⅰ.语境填词
boast；gateway；religious；peak；statue；grotto；strengthen；side
by
side；coverage；glorious
1．It
is
a
glorious
chapter
in
our
country's
history.
2．She
is
at
the
peak
of
her
career.
3．The
two
hotels
both
boast
two
swimming
pools
and
a
golf
course.
4．Religious
is
a
word
that
is
connected
with
religion
or
with
a
particular
religion.
5．Coverage
is
the
range
or
quality
of
information
that
is
included
in
a
book
or
course
of
study，on
television，etc.
6．A
gateway
is
a
place
through
which
you
can
go
to
reach
another
larger
place.
7．A
grotto
is
a
small
cave，especially
one
made
artificially
in
a
garden.
8．The
exercises
are
designed
to
strengthen
your
stomach
muscles.
9．There
were
two
children
ahead，walking
side
by
side．
10．A
statue
is
a
figure
of
a
person
or
an
animal
in
stone，metal，etc.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The
sun，moon，stars
and
planets
are
heavenly(heaven)bodies.
2．The
devoted
religionist(religion)goes
to
church
every
week.
3．This
boy
is
pushing
the
heavy
tire
with
all
his
strength(strong)．
4．Since
then，we
have
made
remarkable(remark)progress.
5．She
trains
everyday
to
strengthen
(strength)her
arms.
6．It
is
a
glorious(glory)thing
to
die
for
the
people.
7．What
do
you
think
of
the
decoration(decorate)on
the
carved
wooden
door?
8．This
is
a
detailed(detail)
road
map.
9．The
boy
who
bought
a
piece
of
bread
with
his
remaining(remain)money
remained
hungry.
1．Today，Dunhuang
is
a
world?class
tourist
destination
boasting
sites
with
UNESCO?protected
heritage
status.
今天，敦煌是世界级的旅游目的地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的遗产的地位。
2．Known
as
the
Mogao
Grottoes，these
ancient
caves
were
carved
out
of
the
rock
over
a
period
of
1，000
years.
被称为莫高窟的这些古老的洞穴是在岩石上雕凿出来的，历时1
000年。
3．Representations
of
these
heavenly
musicians，singers
and
dancers
decorate
the
walls
of
many
caves.
表现这些天国的音乐家、歌唱家和舞蹈家们的壁画装饰着许多洞壁。
4．The
Apsaras
are
depicted
sailing
in
the
bright
blue
sky，with
their
scarves
flying，as
if
they
are
about
to
fly
down
to
meet
us.
飞天被描绘成围着丝巾，飘在蔚蓝的天空中，好像要飞下来与我们相会。
5．The
scrolls
also
reveal
how
many
different
communities
lived
side–by–
side
within
this
great
city.
卷轴还揭示了有多少不同的群体曾相安无事地生活在这个伟大的城市里。
词汇积累
①gateway
n．通往……的门户
②oasis
n．(沙漠中的)绿洲
③ahead
of
(时间、空间)在……前面；早于；领先
④glorious
adj.辉煌的
⑤commercial
adj.贸易的；商业的；赢利的
commerce
n.
(尤指国际间的)贸易；商业；商务
⑥boast
v．（地方、机构等）自豪地拥有（好的事物）
⑦be
known
as
作为……而出名
be
known
for因为……而出名
be
known
to被……所熟知
⑧testimony
n.证据；证明
⑨element
n．要素；基本部分
⑩mural
n．壁画
?cover
an
area
of
覆盖……面积
?vary
from
A
to
B
从A
到B变化
?unique
adj.唯一的；独一无二的
?heavenly
adj.天国的
?decorate
v．装饰
be
decorated
with
用……装饰
decoration
n．装饰
?depict
v．描绘；描画
?in
detail详细地
?peak
n．高峰，顶点
?reflect
v．反映；反射；反思
reflection
n．映像；反映；表达
?extraordinary
adj.非凡的
seal
v．封上(信封)；密封(容器)；封盖……的表面
hidden
adj.难以看见(或发现)的；隐藏的；(地方)隐秘的
a
stone's
throw一箭之地；一箭之遥；附近
date
from＝date
back
to
追溯到
thanks
to
多亏了
import
v．进口
export
v．出口
name
v．说出……的名称
reveal
v．揭示；显示
prosperous
adj.繁荣的；成功的；兴旺的
fade
v．(使)变淡，变暗
bring...to
life
使……焕发生机
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative一带一路
原文呈现
WELCOME
TO
DUNHUANG!
Welcome
to
Dunhuang!
On
the
old
Silk
Road，this
city
was
the
gateway①
to
and
from
Ancient
China，a
place
where
East
met
West，and
a
green
island
in
the
middle
of
the
desert.You
can
only
imagine
how
travellers
felt
when
they
saw
the
oasis②
of
Dunhuang
ahead
of③
them.[1]
[1]本句是复合句。You...felt是主句，其中how
travellers
felt是宾语从句，作imagine的宾语；when...them是时间状语从句。
Dunhuang's
long
and
glorious④
history
represents
its
significance
as
a
centre
of
cultural
and
commercial⑤
exchange.Today，Dunhuang
is
a
world?class
tourist
destination
boasting⑥
sites
with
UNESCO?protected
heritage
status.Now，we
are
going
to
enter
some
of
the
city's
famous
caves，of
which
there
are
more
than
700.Known
as⑦
the
Mogao
Grottoes，these
ancient
caves
were
carved
out
of
the
rock
over
a
period
of
1，000
years.If
you
look
up，you
can
see
the
paintings
and
other
artworks
that
are
testimony⑧
to
how
the
Silk
Road
brought
East
and
West
together.[2]Look
at
these
statues!
You
can
see
elements⑨
from
Ancient
Greece，India
and
Iran.Now
look
around
the
walls
of
the
e
a
little
bit
closer
so
that
you
can
get
a
better
view.Look
at
them!
The
murals⑩
cover
an
astonishing
area
of?
45，000
square
metres.
[2]本句是复合句。If
you
look
up是条件状语从句；you
can...together是主句，其中that
are...together是定语从句，修饰先行词the
paintings
and
other
artworks；how...together是宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。
The
subjects
of
the
Dunhuang
murals
vary
from
religious
stories
to?
scenes
of
everyday
life.But
one
type
of
mural
that
is
unique?
to
Dunhuang
shows
the
Apsaras，or“Flying
Immortals”．Representations
of
these
heavenly?
musicians，singers
and
dancers
decorate?
the
walls
of
many
caves.Take
a
look
at
this
mural.The
Apsaras
are
depicted?
sailing
in
the
bright
blue
sky，with
their
scarves
flying，as
if
they
are
about
to
fly
down
to
meet
us.[3]And
here
is
another
one.Move
over
here
where
you
can
see
it
in
more
detail?.The
Apsaras
are
holding
lotuses，playing
musical
instruments，dancing
and
throwing
flowers.The
painting
of
Apsaras
reached
a
peak?
during
the
Tang
Dynasty；these
images
are
full
of
life，reflecting?
the
confidence
and
optimism
of
people
from
that
time.
[3]本句是复合句。The
Apsaras...sky是主句，with
their
scarves
flying是with的复合结构作状语，as
if
they
are
about
to
fly
down
to
meet
us是方式状语从句。
Now，something
really
extraordinary?
happened
in
1900，when
a
Taoist
priest
made
one
of
the
most
important
finds
of
the
20th
century.In
a
sealed
cave，now
known
as
the
famous
Library
Cave，were
hidden
thousands
of
manuscripts，paintings
and
scrolls，as
well
as
silk
embroideries.We'll
have
a
chance
to
see
some
of
them
shortly—the
Library
Cave
is
only
a
stone's
throw
from
here.Dating
from
405
AD
to
1002
AD，these
hidden
treasures
give
us
a
picture
of
Dunhuang
when
it
was
at
the
very
centre
of
the
Silk
Road
trade.Thanks
to
this
ancient
library，we
now
know
that
goods
arrived
in
Dunhuang
from
as
far
away
as
North?east
Europe，and
that
goods
were
also
exported
from
Dunhuang
across
Asia
and
Europe[4]．The
scrolls
are
so
detailed
that
they
describe
the
vast
range
of
goods
that
were
imported
and
exported
from
Dunhuang，such
as
ceramics，medicine，perfumes
and
fruit，to
name
just
a
few.The
scrolls
also
reveal
how
many
different
communities
lived
side–by–side
within
this
great
city.However，the
reason
why
the
Library
Cave
was
sealed
up
all
those
years
ago
remains
a
mystery.
[4]本句是复合句。主句是we
now
know，后面是that引导的两个宾语从句。
In
the
Ming
Dynasty，trade
routes
changed
and
Dunhuang
was
not
as
prosperous
as
it
used
to
be.Gradually，it
faded
from
memory，even
though
it
was
once
such
a
great
city.[5]
[5]本句是复合句。
...it
faded
from
memory是主句，even
though...是让步状语从句。
This
century
is
bringing
the
Silk
Road
to
life
once
more
through
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative.Dunhuang
has
once
again
become
a
global
crossroads
since
it
hosted
hundreds
of
representatives
from
51
countries
for
the
Silk
Road
International
Cultural
Expo
in
2017.Given
that
the
theme
of
the
Expo
was
to
promote
cultural
exchange
and
strengthen
mutual
cooperation
between
the
countries
along
the
Silk
Road[6]，Dunhuang
was
the
ideal
place.
[6]given
that是复合连词，意为“考虑到；鉴于”，引导的是原因状语从句。
Now
let's
move
on
to
the
next
cave...
译文参考
欢迎来到敦煌！
欢迎来到敦煌！在古老的丝绸之路上，这座城市是进出古代中国的门户，一个东西方交汇的地方，一个沙漠中的绿岛。
你可以想象游客看见在他们前面的敦煌绿洲时的感受。
敦煌悠久辉煌的历史，代表了它作为文化和商业交流中心的重要性。
今天，敦煌是世界级的旅游目的地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的遗产的地位。现在，我们要进入这个城市的一些著名的洞穴，其中有700多个。
被称为莫高窟的这些古老的洞穴是在岩石上雕凿出来的，历时1
000年。如果你抬头看，你可以看到这些画和其他艺术品，它们证明了丝绸之路是如何将东西方连接在一起的。
看看这些雕像！
你可以看到古希腊，印度和伊朗的元素。现在看看洞穴的四壁。
靠近一点，这样可以看得更清楚。
看看它们！
这些壁画占地面积达到惊人的45
000平方米。
敦煌壁画的题材多种多样，从宗教故事到日常生活场景都有。
但是有一种壁画是敦煌所特有的，上面画的是飞天，或者说是“飞仙”。表现这些天国的音乐家、歌唱家和舞蹈家们的壁画装饰着许多洞壁。看看这幅壁画，飞天被描绘成围着丝巾，飘在蔚蓝的天空中，好像要飞下来与我们相会。
这里还有一幅。
走到这里来，你可以看到更多细节。
飞天举着荷花，演奏着乐器，跳着舞，扔着花。表现飞天的绘画在唐朝达到了高峰，这些画像充满了生气，反映了当时人们的自信和乐观。
1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事情，一位道士做出了20世纪最重要的发现之一。在一个密封的山洞里，现在被称为著名的藏经洞里，藏着成千上万的手稿、绘画和卷轴，其中包括丝绸刺绣。待会儿我们将有机会看一看它们——藏经洞离这里只有一箭之遥。从公元405年到公元1002年，这些被雪藏的宝藏给我们描述了处在丝绸之路贸易中心时的敦煌。多亏了这个古老的藏经洞，我们现在知道，货物从遥远的东北欧运抵敦煌，货物也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲。这些卷轴非常详细，它们描述了从敦煌进口和出口的大量货物，例如陶瓷、医药、香水和水果等等。卷轴还揭示了有多少不同的群体曾相安无事地生活在这个伟大的城市里。然而，藏经洞多年前被封的原因仍然是个谜。
到了明朝，贸易路线改变了，敦煌也不像以前那样繁荣了。
渐渐地，丝绸之路淡出了人们的记忆，尽管它曾经是一个非常伟大的城市。
本世纪通过一带一路的倡议，丝绸之路重新焕发了生机。
自2017年丝绸之路国际文化博览会接待了来自51个国家的数百名代表以来，敦煌再次成为全球的活动中心。
考虑到世博会的主题是促进丝绸之路沿线国家之间的文化交流和加强相互合作，敦煌是理想的地方。
现在让我们进入下一个洞穴……
8/8
