Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.intrigue
A．n.气旋；旋风
( )2.pyramid
B．n.金字塔
( )3.astronomy
C．n.衰败
( )4.tropical
D．adj.来自热带的；产于热带的
( )5.cyclone
E．v.(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴
趣，引起……的好奇心
( )6.downfall
F．n.天文学
( )7.megadrought
G．n.超级干旱
[答案] 1－5 EBFDA 6－7 CG
B．短语匹配
( )1.fall
into
ruin
A．相当于
( )2.make
a
discovery
B．收回
( )3.correspond
to
C．做出发现；发现
( )4.take
back
D．将……应用于……
( )5.apply...to...
E．(因无人照料而)衰落，败落
[答案] 1－5 ECABD
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．civilisation
n．
文明(社会)
2．bury
v.
将……埋在下面
3．canal
n.
运河
4．ruin
n.
残垣断壁，废墟
5．abandon
v.
离弃，逃离
6．dismiss
v.
拒绝考虑，否定
7.expansion
n.
扩大；增加
Ⅰ.语境填词
astronomy；dismiss；expansion；abandon；civilisation；was
buried；canal；ruin
1．The
Victorians
regarded
the
railways
as
bringing
progress
and
civilisation．
2．The
truth
has
been
buried
in
her
memory
since
then.
3．Astronomy
is
the
scientific
study
of
the
sun，moon，stars，planets，etc.
4．A
canal
is
a
passage
dug
in
the
ground
for
boats
and
ships
to
travel
along.
5．The
old
mill
is
now
little
more
than
a
ruin．
6．The
cold
weather
forced
us
to
abandon
going
out.
7．I
think
we
can
safely
dismiss
their
objections.
8．Despite
the
difficulties
the
company
is
confident
of
further
expansion．
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Hunger
and
drought
led
to
the
collapse
of
Mayan
civilisation(civilise)a
millennium
ago.
2．The
child
was
found
abandoned(abandon)but
unharmed.
3．The
buildings
were
in
a
ruinous
(ruin)condition.
4．Expansionism(expansion)was
advocated
by
many
British
politicians
in
the
late
19th
century.
5．There
are
no
previous
statistics
for
comparison(compare)．
6．They
questioned
the
accuracy(accurate)of
the
information
in
the
file.
7．The
test
can
accurately
(accurate)predict
what
a
bigger
explosion
would
do.
8．Her
dismissal(dismiss)of
the
threats
seemed
irresponsible.
1．Although
his
theory
has
been
dismissed
by
scholars，it
shows
how
powerful
the
secrets
of
Ancient
Maya
civilisation
are
among
people.
虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么的有影响力。
2．...Maya
civilisation
has
been
surrounded
by
mystery
since
its
rediscovery
in
the
19th
century.
……自19世纪被重新发现以来，玛雅文明一直被神秘所笼罩。
3．What
is
most
extraordinary
about
these
complex
structures
is
how
they
were
built
without
the
use
of
wheels，metal
tools
or
even
animal
power.
这些复杂建筑的最不寻常之处是它们如何在不使用轮子、金属工具甚至动物运输的情况下建成的。
4．On
top
of
all
this
was
an
achievement
unique
in
the
Americas
at
that
time：a
true
writing
system.
除这些之外还有一个当时美洲独一无二的成就：一个真正的文字系统。
5．Its
once?great
cities
fell
into
ruin，leaving
various
mysteries
for
later
people
to
solve.
它曾经辉煌的城市都毁灭了，留下了各种各样的谜团让后人去解开。
词汇积累
①intrigue
v．（因奇特或神秘而）激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心
②make
a
discovery做出发现；发现
③comparison
n．比较；对比；相比
④correspond
to相当于；相符合
⑤be
based
on...以……为基础
⑥spot
n．斑点；污迹
v．看见；发现
⑦dismiss
v．拒绝考虑，否定
⑧extend
v．使伸长；扩大；扩展
⑨impressive
adj.令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的
impression
n．印象
impress
v．使钦佩；使敬仰；给……留下深刻的好印象
⑩representative
adj.典型的；有代表性的n.代表；销售代表
?extraordinary
adj.意想不到的；令人惊奇的
?apply
A
to
B
把A应用到B
?accurate
adj.正确无误的；精确的accuracy
n．准确(性)；精确(程度)
?character
n．(人、集体的)品质，性格；(地方的)特点，特性；(事物、事件或地方的)特点，特征，特色
?syllable
n．音节
?interpret
v．诠释；说明
?primitive
adj.原始的；远古的
?abandon
v．离弃，逃离
?decline
v．减少，衰弱；谢绝；婉言拒绝
?take
back退回；退还；归还；收回，撤回(所说的话或想法)
claim
v．宣称；声称；断言；要求(拥有)；索取；认领；索要
collapse
v．(突然)倒塌，坍塌；(尤指因病重而)倒下，昏倒，晕倒；(尤指工作劳累后)坐下，躺下放松
conflict
n．冲突；争执
indicate
v．表明；显示；象征
play
a
part
in
贡献力量；起……作用
landscape
n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景，景色
unknowingly
adv.未意识到地；不知不觉地；无意中
lead
to
导致；通向
far
修饰形容词的比较级
be
likely
to
do
sth.可能做某事
at
different
rates以不同的速度
fall
into
ruin毁灭；毁坏
meanwhile＝at
the
sLame
time
＝in
the
meanwhile
与此同时
原文呈现
The
Mysteries
of
THE
MAYA
Intrigued①
by
Maya
civilisation
from
a
very
young
age，15?year?old
Canadian
William
Gadoury
thought
he
had
made
an
incredible
discovery②
from
his
study
of
ancient
star
charts.Through
comparison③，he
found
that
the
locations
of
the
117
known
Maya
cities
correspond
to④
the
positions
of
the
stars.Based
on⑤
this，he
believed
he
had
spotted⑥
an
unknown
Maya
city
buried
deep
in
the
jungle.Although
his
theory
has
been
dismissed⑦by
scholars，it
shows
how
powerful
the
secrets
of
Ancient
Maya
civilisation
are
among
people.[1]
[1]该句是复合句。Although...by
scholars是让步状语从句。
It
isn't
difficult
to
see
why.Extending⑧
south
from
parts
of
what
we
now
know
as
Mexico
into
Central
America，Maya
civilisation
has
been
surrounded
by
mystery
since
its
rediscovery
in
the
19th
century.The
Maya
built
impressive⑨
palaces
and
temples，including
their
representative⑩
step
pyramids.What
is
most
extraordinary?
about
these
complex
structures
is
how
they
were
built
without
the
use
of
wheels，metal
tools
or
even
animal
power.[2]The
Maya's
understanding
of
mathematics
and
astronomy
was
also
quite
amazing.They
applied
this
understanding
to?
the
Maya
calendar，which
was
accurate?
to
within
30
seconds
per
year.On
top
of
all
this
was
an
achievement
unique
in
the
Americas
at
that
time：a
true
writing
system.It
contained
more
than
800
characters?，with
some
signs
representing
animals，people
and
objects
and
others
representing
syllables?.It
was
a
writing
system
so
complicated
that，so
far，no
one
has
been
able
to
interpret?
it
completely.
[2]此处what引导的是主语从句，how引导的是表语从句。
The
fact
that
Maya
society
was
technologically
primitive?
makes
its
achievements
all
the
more
incredible
and
mysterious.[3]But
the
greatest
mystery
of
all
is
what
caused
the
Maya
to
abandon?
most
of
their
great
cities.By
700
AD，Maya
civilisation
was
at
its
peak.Yet，within
just
a
couple
of
generations，it
began
to
mysteriously
decline?.The
cities
were
left
to
be
taken
back?
by
the
jungle.When
Europeans
arrived
in
Central
America
in
the
early
16th
century
to
claim
its
riches，the
remaining
Maya
people
were
living
in
small
settlements.
[3]该句中的that引导的是同位语从句，说明了the
fact的具体内容。
Why
Maya
civilisation
collapsed
remains
a
mystery.Was
it
a
natural
disaster?
A
deadly
disease?
Conflicts
between
cities?
Or
was
it
a
combination
of
several
different
factors？Some
research
seems
to
indicate
that
the
Maya
people
themselves
may
have
played
a
part
in
their
downfall[4]．They
had
turned
wetlands
into
fields
for
growing
grains，and
had
dug
huge
canal
systems.As
their
population
expanded，yet
more
land
was
needed
for
agriculture
and
more
trees
for
construction.By
changing
the
landscape
in
this
way，it
is
possible
that
the
Maya
people
unknowingly
reduced
their
ability
to
deal
with
natural
disasters.
[4]画线部分为that引导的宾语从句，作indicate的宾语。
Research
also
suggests
that
those
natural
disasters
may
have
led
to
the
decline
of
the
Maya.Some
recent
studies
have
found
that
there
were
far
fewer
tropical
cyclones
than
usual
between
700
AD
and
1000
AD.This
is
likely
to
have
led
to
a
series
of
droughts，each
lasting
for
a
couple
of
years，including
a
“megadrought”around
900
AD.Many
scientists
believe
that
these
droughts
were
the
main
reason
why
Maya
civilisation
began
to
collapse
at
different
rates
in
different
places[5]．These
droughts
would
have
led
to
food
shortages，conflicts
and，ultimately，the
downfall
of
the
cities.
[5]画线部分是that引导的宾语从句，作believe的宾语，其中why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the
main
reason。
Whatever
the
reasons，Maya
civilisation
largely
disappeared
within
the
deep
jungle.Its
once?great
cities
fell
into
ruin，leaving
various
mysteries
for
later
people
to
solve[6].
Meanwhile，the
rise
and
fall
of
this
civilisation
must
also
leave
us
thinking
about
our
own
past，present
and
future.
[6]画线部分是现在分词短语，在句中作结果状语。
译文参考
玛雅人的奥秘
15岁的加拿大人威廉·加杜里(William
Gadoury)从小就对玛雅文明很感兴趣，他认为自己从研究古代星图中获得了一个不可思议的发现。通过比较，他发现117个已知玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。基于此，他相信他发现了一个埋在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么的有影响力。
不难理解为什么。从我们现在所知的墨西哥南部延伸到美洲中部，自19世纪被重新发现以来，玛雅文明一直被神秘所笼罩。玛雅人建造了令人印象深刻的宫殿和寺庙，包括他们代表性的阶梯金字塔。这些复杂建筑的最不寻常之处是它们如何在不使用轮子、金属工具甚至动物运输的情况下建成的。玛雅人对数学和天文学的理解也相当惊人。他们把这种理解应用到玛雅历法中，精确到每年30秒以内。除这些之外还有一个当时美洲独一无二的成就：一个真正的文字系统。它包含800多个字符，其中一些符号代表动物、人和物体，另一些则代表音节。这是一个非常复杂的文字系统，到目前为止，还没有人能够完全理解它。
玛雅社会在技术上是原始的，这使得它的成就更加不可思议和神秘。但最神秘的是什么导致玛雅人遗弃了他们大部分的大城市。到公元700年，玛雅文明达到了顶峰。然而，仅仅几代人之后，它就开始神秘地衰落。城市被丛林夺回了。当欧洲人在16世纪初来到中美洲索要其财富时，剩下的玛雅人就住在小的定居点里。
玛雅文明为何崩溃仍是个谜。是自然灾害吗？是致命的疾病吗？是城市之间的冲突吗？或者是几个不同因素的综合作用吗？一些研究似乎表明，玛雅人自己可能在他们的垮台中起了一定的作用。他们把湿地变成了种植粮食的田地，他们挖了巨大的运河系统。并且随着人口的增长，更多的土地需要用于农业，更多的树木需要用于建设。通过这种方式改变地貌，有可能是玛雅人在不知不觉中降低了应对自然灾害的能力。
研究还表明，这些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅人的衰落。最近的一些研究发现，公元700年到1000年之间，热带气旋的数量比平时少得多。这很可能导致了一系列的干旱，每一次都持续了几年，其中包括公元900年左右的一次“超级干旱”。许多科学家认为，这些干旱是玛雅文明在不同地方开始以不同速度崩溃的主要原因。这些干旱将导致粮食短缺、冲突，最终导致城市的崩溃。
不管是什么原因，玛雅文明基本上消失在丛林深处。它曾经辉煌的城市都毁灭了，留下了各种各样的谜团让后人去解开。同时，这个文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。
8/8课时分层作业(十五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
At
2：30
on
December
5，1945，five
US
Navy
training
planes
took
off
in
clear
weather
from
the
base
Lauderdale，Florida.The
planes
flew
east
over
the
coast...and
disappeared.The
group
was
Flight
19，on
a
run
between
Florida
and
Bahamas.Tailor
was
the
group
leader.At
about
3：40，Tailor
reported
that
his
compasses
were
not
reading
properly.The
other
planes
followed
their
leaders
aimlessly，first
east，then
west，then
northeast
over
the
ocean，as
Tailor
tried
to
make
sure
of
the
direction
by
radio.Then，suddenly
Tailor
was
heard
to
give
orders
to
dive...
Quickly，two
giant
Martin
seaplanes
were
sent
up
to
search
for
Flight
19.Several
hours
later，the
wind
became
strong
and
visibility(能见度)dropped.A
return
to
base
was
ordered.But
only
one
of
the
Martin
seaplanes
landed.Four
days
later，the
Navy
and
Coast
Guard
combed
a
100，000
square
miles
area
with
more
than
100
planes
and
ships.No
sign
was
ever
shown
of
the
missing
planes.
Today，people
have
noted
the
disappearance
of
many
ships
and
planes
in
the
southwest
part
of
the
North
Atlantic
and
began
to
call
this
area
the
Bermuda
Triangle(百慕大三角区)．
The
points
of
the
triangle
are
Bermuda，Puerto
Rico
and
a
spot
in
the
Gulf
of
Mexico，west
of
Florida.It
is
a
two?faced
water
world
of
tiny
islands，bright
beaches
and
beautiful
waters.Yet
thick
fogs，powerful
currents(激流)and
sudden
storms
are
hidden
behind
this
smiling
surface.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述百慕大三角区的飞机消失的神秘事件。
1．Why
did
Flight
19
disappear?
A．Because
the
wind
became
strong
and
visibility
dropped.
B．Because
Tailor
was
given
wrong
orders
to
dive.
C．Because
Tailor
couldn't
read
his
compasses
correctly.
D．Because
something
unknown
made
the
compasses
unable
to
work
as
usual.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At
about
3：40，Tailor
reported
that
his
compasses
were
not
reading
properly.”可知选D项。]
2．In
what
position
did
Flight
19
disappear?
A．In
the
southwest
part
of
the
North
Atlantic
Ocean.
B．In
the
northeast
part
of
the
North
Atlantic
Ocean.
C．To
the
southwest
part
of
Bermuda
in
the
Atlantic
Ocean.
D．To
the
northeast
part
of
Bermuda
in
the
Atlantic
Ocean.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段可知，如今，人们已经记录了很多船只和飞机在北大西洋西南部的百慕大失踪。]
3．How
many
planes
disappeared
altogether
that
day?
A．Five.
B．Six.
C．Two.
D．Only
one.
B [细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，共有七架飞机先后飞往该地区，只有一架安全返回。即“five
US
Navy
training
planes
took
off”“two
giant
Martin
seaplanes
were
sent
up...”和“one
of
the
Martin
seaplanes
landed.”]
4．The
underlined
word“combed”in
the
passage
means“
”．
A．covered
with
B．flew
over
C．did
up
one's
hair
with
a
comb
D．searched
all
over
D [词义猜测题。从该词所在的句意可推测，combed意为“四处寻找”，故选D项。]
B
Unlike
modern
animal
scientists，dinosaur
scientists
cannot
sit
on
a
hillside
and
use
telescopes
to
watch
dinosaurs
in
order
to
know
how
they
lived
and
whether
they
were
good
parents.Instead，they
have
to
search
hard
for
information
from
dinosaur
fossils(恐龙化石)because
dinosaurs
died
out
millions
of
years
ago.
It's
very
difficult
for
the
scientists
to
reach
an
agreement
because
different
results
can
be
got
from
the
same
fossils.Many
fossils
of
the
same
kind
of
dinosaurs
have
been
dug
out
from
one
place.They
might
have
formed
when
an
entire
group
of
dinosaurs
got
stuck(陷入)all
at
once，or
they
might
have
been
the
result
of
dinosaurs
getting
stuck
one
after
another
over
a
course
of
a
few
centuries.Thus
we
can
say
that
dinosaurs
might
have
in
the
first
case
lived
in
big
groups
and
in
the
second
lived
alone.
Though
there
are
two
different
results，dinosaur
scientists
now
generally
agree
that
at
least
some
kinds
of
dinosaurs
lived
in
big
groups.“That's
pretty
much
settled
at
this
point，”says
Paul
Sereno.A
kind
of
dinosaurs
called
Sauropods
left
behind
tracks
in
the
western
United
States
that
appear
to
run
north
and
south，suggesting
that
they
even
moved
long
distances
together.
As
to
whether
dinosaurs
cared
for
their
young，dinosaur
scientists
have
turned
to
the
closest
living
relatives
of
dinosaurs—birds
and
crocodiles—for
possible
models.Birds
give
a
lot
of
care
to
their
young，while
crocodiles
just
help
their
young
to
the
water.The
discovered
fossils
of
dinosaurs
sitting
on
their
eggs
and
staying
with
their
young
suggest
the
parents
were
taking
care
of
their
babies，but
we
still
cannot
say
that
all
dinosaurs
did
the
same.
There
is
still
a
long
way
to
go
before
the
above
questions
could
be
answered.Dinosaur
scientists
will
have
to
find
more
proof
to
reach
an
agreement.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了恐龙的一些知识。研究恐龙的专家无法实地考察恐龙，因为恐龙已经灭绝了。他们只能从挖掘的化石中寻找信息。有关恐龙的知识目前没有一致的结论，但可以肯定的是，一些恐龙过着群居生活，一些恐龙会照顾幼龙。
5．Dinosaur
scientists
can
get
information
directly
by
．
A．studying
dinosaur
fossils
B．examining
modern
animals
C．watching
dinosaurs
D．using
telescopes
A [细节理解题。从文中第一段最后一句“Instead，they
have
to
search
hard
for
information
from
dinosaur
fossils(恐龙化石)because
dinosaurs
died
out
millions
of
years
ago.”可以看出，是通过研究恐龙化石找到信息，故答案为A项。]
6．What
is
pretty
much
settled
according
to
Paul
Sereno?
A．Half
of
the
dinosaurs
lived
alone.
B．Most
dinosaurs
moved
long
distances.
C．Many
dinosaurs
settled
in
the
north.
D．Some
dinosaurs
lived
in
big
groups.
D [细节理解题。从文中第三段可以看出：虽然有两种不同的结论，研究恐龙的科学家们现在一般都同意至少有某些种类的恐龙生活在一个大的团体当中，这一点是确信无疑的。]
7．Dinosaur
scientists
can
probably
know
whether
dinosaurs
were
good
parents
by
．
A．watching
many
kinds
of
animals
B．studying
dinosaurs'
living
relatives
C．following
the
tracks
left
behind
D．working
on
dug?out
dinosaur
eggs
B [细节理解题。从文中第四段的开头“As
to
whether
dinosaurs
cared
for
their
young，dinosaur
scientists
have
turned
to
the
closest
living
relatives
of
dinosaurs—birds
and
crocodiles—for
possible
models.”可知，科学家们转向恐龙活着的近亲——鸟类和鳄鱼来寻求恐龙是否关心下一代这个问题的答案，故选B项。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
From
hanging
out
with
friends
in
the
nearby
coffee
shop
to
daydreaming
of
“making
it
big”
as
a
rock
star，the
last
few
years
has
been
a
roller?coaster
ride.I
am
tormented(折磨)with
questions
such
as
who
I
am
and
what
I
am
doing
here.
During
the
last
year
at
school，I
took
up
the
challenging
task
of
directing
the
English
play
for
the
Annual
Inter
House
Dramatics
Competition.The
task
was
said
to
be
very
long
and
tiring
but
equally
rewarding.After
several
discussions
with
my
vice?captain
and
my
English
teacher，the
play
was
selected
and
the
cast
was
confirmed.I
had
thought
of
“perfect
ideas”
such
as
the
“perfect
delivery
of
certain
dialogues”
and
the
“perfect
effects”．
I
discussed
my
ideas
with
my
crew
and
vice?captain.Everybody
seemed
pleased
with
thoughts
and
also
suggested
a
few.I
took
these
into
careful
consideration
and
made
sure
that
my
crew's
suggestions
were
included.
But
little
did
I
know
that
my
“perfect
plan”
was
not
perfect
according
to
my
English
teacher
who
was
in
charge
of
my
house.Even
though
it
was
supposed
to
be
a
completely
student?based
activity，my
English
teacher
poked
her
nose
into
the
production.
All
of
us
wanted
to
win
and
this
was
made
very
clear
by
my
English
teacher.She
changed
our
entire
plan
into
something
we
could
not
understand.There
was
a
lot
of
confusion
among
the
actors
and
the
crew.I
was
torn
between
listening
to
the
complaints
of
the
fellow
students
and
obeying
my
teacher.But
soon
I
realized
that
the
way
we
were
practicing
would
lead
us
nowhere.
So，the
next
morning，I
gathered
all
my
courage，practiced
what
I
was
going
to
say
to
her
and
finally
made
the
journey
of
my
life
to
the
staff
room.I
discussed
with
my
teacher
about
the
confusion
being
caused，the
unsatisfied
actors
and
how
her
interference(干预)was
causing
frustration.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph
1：
As
I
waited
for
my
teacher
to
reply，I
prepared
myself
for
the
blow.
Paragraph
2：
Though
we
came
second
in
the
English
play
competition，I
realized
I
had
got
more
out
of
the
whole
experience
than
I
had
hoped
for.
【参考范文】
Paragraph
1：
As
I
waited
for
my
teacher
to
reply，I
prepared
myself
for
the
blow.But
she
just
smiled
and
said
that
I
had
done
a
good
thing
bringing
this
to
her
attention.In
the
evening
she
called
a
meeting
and
told
the
crew
to
continue
with
previous
plans
and
said
that
it
was
a
student?based
production.As
she
left
she
told
us
that
our
“perfect
plan”
should
make
us
win
first
place.
Paragraph
2：
Though
we
came
second
in
the
English
play
competition，I
realized
I
had
got
more
out
of
the
whole
experience
than
I
had
hoped
for.I
realized
I
had
the
courage
to
face
problems
and
I
could
work
under
pressure
as
a
team
worker.Now
I
still
pay
a
visit
to
my
English
teacher
and
each
time
I
see
her，her
face
reminds
me
of
that
terrifying
walk
to
the
staff
room.
4/6Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.getaway
A．n.失事的船；沉船
( )2.retreat
B．v.退缩，畏缩
( )3.uncharted
C．n.逃跑，逃走
( )4.delve
D．v.后退；离开；退避
( )5.shrink
E．adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的
( )6.shipwreck
F．adj.地图上没有标明的
( )7.notable
G．v.探索，探究
[答案] 1－5 CDFGB 6－7 AE
B．短语匹配
( )1.make
a
getaway
A．逃命
( )2.run
for
one's
life
B．动身踏上(漫长的)旅途
( )3.check
out
C．调查(问题)
( )4.test
the
waters
D．积极投入到……中去
( )5.steer
clear
of
E．再三考虑，慎重考虑
( )6.set
out
F．调查，检查
( )7.throw
oneself
into
G．逃跑，逃走
( )8.think
twice
H．避开……；从……处脱身
( )9.shrink
from
I．避免做，不愿做
( )10.look
into
J．试水，试探
[答案] 1－5 GAFJH 6－10 BDEIC
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．investigation
n．
调查
2．millimetre
n.
毫米
3．substance
n.
物质
4．drilling
n.
钻探；勘探
5．volume
n.
(书的)卷，册
6．upwards
adv.
向上，朝上
7．furthermore
adv.
此外；而且；不仅如此
Ⅰ.语境填词
throw
oneself
into；substance；set
out；investigation；look
into；steer
clear
of；think
twice；shrink
from
1．You
should
think
twice
about
employing
someone
you've
never
met.
2．The
police
have
completed
their
investigation
into
the
accident.
3．They
did
not
shrink
from
doing
what
was
right.
4．A
substance
is
a
type
of
solid，liquid
or
gas
that
has
particular
qualities.
5．A
working
party
has
been
set
up
to
look
into
the
problem.
6．They
set
out
on
the
last
stage
of
their
journey.
7．You
should
cheer
up
and
throw
yourself
into
your
work.
8．His
doctor
advised
him
to
steer
clear
of
alcohol.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．It
is
a
notable(note)success
they
have
made.
2．The
investigator
is
making
an
investigation(investigate)
into
the
case.
3．The
man's
identity
remains
unknown(known)and
we
don't
know
who
he
is.
4．We
have
more
detailed(detail)maps.
5．We
are
doing
our
best
with
the
limited(limit)
resources
available.
6．A
big
program
of
oil
exploration(explore)has
begun
offshore.
7．To
satisfy
our
own
curiosity(curious)we
traveled
to
Baltimore.
8．It's
only
natural(nature)
to
worry
about
your
children.
1．Lying
under
waters
across
the
globe
are
an
estimated
three
million
shipwrecks.
在全球海洋中大约有三百万艘沉船。
2．We
have
more
detailed
maps
of
the
Moon，and
even
of
Venus
and
Mars，than
we
do
of
Earth's
own
sea
bed.
我们有更详细的月球，甚至金星和火星的地图，比我们地球自己的海床(地图)还要详细。
3．In
these
waters，more
than
200
metres
deep，where
light
cannot
reach，are
extraordinary
creatures
that
appear
as
if
they
are
straight
out
of
science
fiction.
一些非同寻常看起来就像是完全出自科幻小说的生物，就在这些水深超过200米、光线无法到达的水域中。
4．In
the
very
deepest
ocean
trenches
that
are
more
than
8，000
metres
below
the
surface，the
pressure
is
equivalent
to
50
aeroplanes
stacked
one
on
top
of
another.
在海面下8
000米深的海沟里，压力相当于50架飞机层层叠加。
5．The
Jiaolong
even
holds
the
record
for
the
deepest
dive
by
a
manned
submarine，at
7，062
metres，giving
China
its
place
alongside
the
world's
top
ocean
explorers.
“蛟龙”号甚至保持了载人潜水艇最深潜水的纪录，潜水深度达7
062米，这使中国在世界顶级海洋探险家中占据了一席之地。
2/31．civilise
v．文明化；教化→civilisation
n．文明→civilised
adj.文明的
2．ruin
n．残垣断壁，废墟→ruinous
adj.毁灭性的→ruinously
adv.毁灭地
3．dismiss
v．拒绝考虑，否定→dismissal
n．摒弃；不予考虑→dismissive
adj.轻蔑的
4．abandon
v．离弃，逃离→abandoned
adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的→abandonment
n．离弃；遗弃
1．bury
v．将……埋在下面，覆盖；埋葬，安葬，丧失；掩藏(感情等)；使陷入，把……插入
①The
house
was
buried
under
ten
feet
of
snow.
覆盖
②She's
85
and
has
buried
three
husbands.
丧失
③He
had
learnt
to
bury
his
feelings.
掩藏
④He
walked
slowly，his
hands
buried
in
his
pockets.
插入
2．abandon
v．离弃，逃离；遗弃，抛弃；舍弃；中止；放弃(信念等)
①He
gave
the
order
to
abandon
the
ship.
舍弃
②They
abandoned
the
match
because
of
rain.
中止
③Critics
accused
him
of
abandoning
his
principles.
放弃
④This
is
a
baby
abandoned
by
its
parents.
遗弃
Words
and
Phrases
correspond
v．相一致；符合；类似于；相当于；通信
[教材P50] Through
comparison，he
found
that
the
locations
of
the
117
known
Maya
cities
correspond
to
the
positions
of
the
stars.
通过比较，他发现117个已知玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。
[例1] Your
account
of
the
event
does
not
correspond
with/to
hers.
你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。
[例2] The
two
maps
of
London
correspond
closely.
这两张伦敦的地图很相似。
[造句]
他的行为与观点不一致。
His
actions
do
not
correspond
with/to
his
ideas.
[知识拓展]
(1)correspond
with/to
与……相一致；符合
correspond
with
与……通信
(2)corresponding
adj.
相应的，相关联的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
translation
does
not
quite
correspond
to/with
the
original.
②You
will
allow
me
to
consider
that
I
correspond
with
him
through
you.
③March
and
April
sales
this
year
were
up
8
per
cent
on
the
corresponding(correspond)period
of
last
year.
bury
v．埋住；把(某物)掩藏在地下，埋藏；掩盖，遮盖
[教材P50] Based
on
this，he
believed
he
had
spotted
an
unknown
Maya
city
buried
deep
in
the
jungle.
基于此，他相信他发现了一个埋在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。
[例1] The
pirates
would
often
bury
gold
in
the
cave
and
then
fail
to
collect
it.
海盗们过去常把金子埋藏在那个洞里，可后来却没能取走。
[例2] He'd
had
to
bury
his
pain
over
the
years.
他不得不将痛苦掩藏多年。
[造句] 狗把骨头埋在花园里。
The
dog
buried
its
bone
in
the
garden.
[知识拓展]
(1)bury
one's
head/face
in
one's
hands
用手捂住头/脸
bury
oneself
in＝be
buried
in
埋头于；专心于
(2)be
buried
in
thought
沉思
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Buried(bury)in
his
study，he
wasn't
aware
that
all
the
others
had
left.
②Burying
(bury)his
face
in
his
hands，he
tried
to
control
his
weeping.
[小片段填空]
The
girl
was
sitting
on
the
bench
in
the
park，burying
her
head
in
her
hands.So
she
did
not
notice
the
thief
who
stood
beside
her
with
his
hands
buried
in
the
pockets
of
his
dark
overcoat.
apply
vi.申请；适用；请求
vt.申请；应用
[教材P50] They
applied
this
understanding
to
the
Maya
calendar，which
was
accurate
to
within
30
seconds
per
year.
他们把这种理解应用到玛雅历法中，精确到每年30秒以内。
[例1] The
new
technology
was
applied
to
farming.
这项新技术被应用于农业。
[例2] We
should
try
to
learn
economic
theory
and
apply
it.
我们应努力学习经济理论并能应用。
[造句] 这个规则并不能适用于所有的情况。
You
can
not
apply
this
rule
to
every
case.
[知识拓展]
(1)apply(to...)for
(向……)申请
apply
to
do
sth.
申请去做某事
apply
to
适用于(to为介词)
apply...to...
把……应用于……
apply
oneself
to
致力于，集中精力于
(2)application
n.
请求；申请，申请表；应用
applicant
n.
申请人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We
should
apply
what
we
learnt
to
the
construction
of
our
country.
②When
the
time
came
to
make
the
final
decision
for
a
course，I
decided
to
apply
for
the
one
that
reflected
my
interest.
③To
my
delight，I
was
chosen
from
hundreds
of
applicants(applicant)to
attend
the
opening
ceremony.
④Eventually，however，I
won
the
support
of
my
family，and
I
sent
in
all
the
paperwork
needed
for
the
application(apply)．
[小片段填空]
Since
last
year，I
have
been
applying
myself
to
studying(study)
the
latest
technology
about
planting.I
think
that
we
should
not
only
know
the
theory
but
also
how
to
apply
it
to
practice.These
new
technology，if
applied(apply)to
farming，will
help
increase
the
grain
output.I
have
applied
for
a
full?time
job
in
the
village.To
my
delight，I
was
chosen
from
hundreds
of
applicants(apply)．
decline
vi.下降；衰弱，衰退；谢绝，婉言拒绝
[教材P51] Yet，within
just
a
couple
of
generations，it
began
to
mysteriously
decline.
然而，仅仅几代人之后，它就开始神秘地衰落。
[例1] The
economy
continued
to
exhibit
signs
of
decline
in
September.
9月份，经济继续呈现出衰退的迹象。
[例2] This
decline
in
vigour
with
the
passing
of
time
is
called
ageing.
这种随着时间流逝的活力衰退就叫作衰老。
[造句] 他的健康状况最近开始恶化。
His
health
has
begun
to
decline
recently.
[知识拓展]
(1)a
decline
in...
在……(方面)的下降
in
decline＝on
the
decline
处于衰退中，下降
(2)decline
to
do
sth.
拒绝做某事
decline
by/to...
下降了/下降到……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
don't
know
why
the
boy
declined
to
answer
(answer)a
question.
②The
number
of
people
who
run
the
red
light
has
been
on
the
decline
since
the
new
traffic
regulations
came
into
effect.
③The
number
of
tourists
to
the
resort
declined
by
10%
last
year
to
5
million.
[小片段填空]
With
his
bonus
on
the
decline，he
decided
to
stay
at
home
and
declined
to
have(have)a
holiday.
claim
v．声称；断言；要求(拥有)；索取；认领
n．声明；宣称；断言；(尤指对财产、土地等要求拥有的)所有权；(尤指向公司、政府等)索款，索赔
[教材P51] When
Europeans
arrived
in
Central
America
in
the
early
16th
century
to
claim
its
riches，the
remaining
Maya
people
were
living
in
small
settlements.
当欧洲人在16世纪初来到中美洲索要其财富时，剩下的玛雅人就住在小的定居点里。
[例1] Now
they
are
returning
to
claim
what
was
theirs.
如今他们回来索取本属于他们的东西了。
[例2] You
should
be
able
to
claim
the
cost
from
the
car
insurance.
你应该能从汽车保险中索取这笔费用。
[造句]
你可按你的保险索赔你遗忘在火车上的大衣。
You
can
claim
on
your
insurance
for
that
coat
you
left
on
the
train.
[知识拓展]
(1)claim
to
do
sth./that...
声称做某事/声称……
claim
to
have
done
sth.
声称做过某事
It
is
claimed
that...
据说
(2)make
a
claim
for
sth.
要求；
对……提出赔偿要求
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①As
the
victim
in
the
accident，I
will
make
a
claim
for
the
injuries
I
suffered.
②Scientists
claimed
to
have
made
(make)a
major
breakthrough
in
the
fight
against
cancer.
③It
is
claimed
that
he
had
seen
aliens
with
his
own
eyes.
→
He
claimed
to
have
seen
aliens
with
his
own
eyes．
lead
to
引起，导致；通向
[教材P51] This
is
likely
to
have
led
to
a
series
of
droughts，each
lasting
for
a
couple
of
years，including
a
“megadrought”
around
900
AD.
这很可能导致了一系列的干旱，每一次都持续了几年，其中包括公元900年左右的一次“超级干旱”。
[例1] Technological
changes
will
inevitably
lead
to
unemployment.
技术变革必然会导致失业。
[例2] This
can
lead
to
bodily
weakness
and
muscle
wastage.
这样可能会导致身体虚弱和肌肉萎缩。
[造句] 这可能会导致巨大的压力。
This
can
lead
to
significant
stress.
[知识拓展]
lead
sb.to
do
sth.
使某人做某事
lead
sb.to/into
＋n.
带领某人去/进入……，使某人得出
(观点)
lead
a．..life
过……的生活
lead
the
way
引路，带路
除lead
to外，常见的表示“引起，导致”的词汇还有：cause，result
in，bring
about，contribute
to等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
want
to
know
what
led
you
to
take(take)up
acting
as
a
career.
②The
new
evidence
led
to
the
high
official
being
arrested(arrest)．
[小片段填空]
His
lack
of
confidence
led
to
a
lot
of
suffering.And
the
success
of
his
father
led
him
to
believe
all
the
roads
lead
to
Rome.So
he
told
himself
to
be
confident
and
just
do
it.
rate
n．速度；进度；比率；率；价格；费用v.评估
[教材P51] Many
scientists
believe
that
these
droughts
were
the
main
reason
why
Maya
civilisation
began
to
collapse
at
different
rates
in
different
places.
许多科学家认为，这些干旱是玛雅文明在不同地方开始以不同速度崩溃的主要原因。
[例1] The
disease
has
spread
at
an
alarming
rate.
这种病以惊人的速度传播开来。
[例2] The
car
was
going
at
the
rate
of
40
miles
an
hour.
轿车以每小时40英里的速度行驶。
[造句] 他正以每小时70英里的速度行驶。
He
is
driving
at
the
rate
of
seventy
miles
an
hour.
[知识拓展]
at
any
rate
(强调事情的真实性)无论如何，不管
怎样
at
this/that
rate(informal)
照此情形；如此下去
birth/unemployment/divorce/crime
rate
出生/失业/离婚/犯罪比率
rate
sb./sth.
highly
对某人/某事评价高
be
rated
as
被认为
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I
may
be
away
on
business
next
week，but
at
any
rate
I'll
be
back
by
Friday.
②At
this
rate(照这样下去)，we'll
soon
be
bankrupt.
③At
any
rate(不管怎么样)，we
must
go
there.
ruin
n．残垣断壁，废墟；毁灭；失去工作(或地位等)；破产
[教材P51] Its
once?great
cities
fell
into
ruin，leaving
various
mysteries
for
later
people
to
solve.
它曾经辉煌的城市都毁灭了，留下了各种各样的谜团让后人去解开。
[例1] The
scandal
brought
about
his
ruin.
那件丑闻使他身败名裂。
[例2] The
farmers
say
recent
inflation
has
driven
them
to
the
brink
of
ruin.
农民们说最近的通货膨胀使他们濒临破产。
[造句]
这些寺庙已破败不堪。
The
temples
have
fallen
into
ruin.
[知识拓展]
fall
into
ruin
衰败
go
to
rack
and
ruin
变得一团糟
in
ruins
毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Years
of
fighting
has
left
the
area
in
ruins.
②The
whole
city
lay
in
ruins
(ruin)after
the
earthquake，which
made
them
lie
awake
all
night.
③They
let
the
house
go
to
rack
and
ruin(变得一团糟)．
abandon
vt.(不顾责任、义务等)抛弃；停止(支持或帮助)；舍弃；逃离n.放任；放纵
[教材P52] But
the
greatest
mystery
of
all
is
what
caused
the
Maya
to
abandon
most
of
their
great
cities.
但最神秘的是什么导致玛雅人遗弃了他们大部分的大城市。
[例1] I
decided
not
to
abandon
John
when
he
was
in
such
a
desperate
position.
我决定不在约翰走投无路的时候抛弃他。
[例2] The
study
showed
a
deep
fear
among
the
elderly
of
being
abandoned
to
the
care
of
strangers.
研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。
[造句]
这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
The
baby
was
abandoned
by
its
mother.
[知识拓展]
(1)abandon
sb.
遗弃某人/停止支持某人
abandon
sth.
放弃某事/舍弃某物
abandon
oneself
to
sth.
沉溺于(某种情感)
(2)abandoned
adj.
抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的
(3)with
abandon
纵情；放任地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They
discovered
some
valuable
goods
in
the
abandoned
(abandon)house.
②Snow
forced
many
drivers
to
abandon
(abandon)their
vehicles.
③He
abandoned
himself(he)
to
despair.
[小片段填空]
One
winter
morning
we
came
upon
an
abandoned
puppy
on
the
street.I
wondered
who
it
was
that
abandoned
such
a
cute
puppy.
dismiss
v．摒弃(想法等)，丢开；把(人)解雇，解职；
使……离开；解散(集会等)；拒绝考虑，否定
[教材P52] Although
his
theory
has
been
dismissed
by
scholars,
it
shows
how
powerful
the
secrets
of
Ancient
Maya
civilisation
are
among
people.
虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么的有影响力。
[例1] Three
workers
were
dismissed
for
being
lazy.
三个工人因怠惰而被解雇。
[例2]
The
rich
man
didn't
mind
at
all
dismissing
a
servant
from
his
place.
那个富翁对解雇佣人一点也不在意。
[造句] 这个男的被解雇了。
The
man
was
dismissed
from
his
job.
[知识拓展]
dismiss
sb.
for
sth.
因为……而解雇某人
dismiss
sb.
from
把某人从……解雇
dismiss
sb./sth.
from
one's
mind
试图忘记某人或者某事
dismissal
n.
解雇，免职
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She
tried
to
dismiss
him
from
her
mind.
②His
boss
dismissed
him
from
his
job
for
making
too
many
mistakes.
③Do
not
come
back.This
is
your
final
dismissal(dismiss)．
Sentence
Patterns
whatever引导让步状语从句
[教材P51] Whatever
the
reasons，Maya
civilisation
largely
disappeared
within
the
deep
jungle.
不管是什么原因，玛雅文明基本上消失在丛林深处。
句式分析：句子中whatever
the
reasons
是整个句子的让步状语从句。
[例1] Whatever
you
do，don't
look
for
a
pay
increase
when
you
know
the
company
is
going
through
some
difficulty.
不管你做什么，在知道公司遭遇困境时不要指望加薪。
[例2] Whatever
you
want
to
chat
about，we'll
do
it
tonight.
不管你想聊些什么，我们今晚聊个够。
[造句]
不管你在做什么，当你想抽烟的时候就做点别的事情吧。
Whatever
you
are
doing，do
something
else
when
you
want
to
smoke.
[知识拓展]
(1)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于no
matter
what/who/which/whom。
(2)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no
matter
when/where/how，意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。
“no
matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
[翻译1] 无论结果怎样，我们都要微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽全力了。
Whatever
the
result
is，we
should
accept
it
with
a
smile，because
we
have
tried
our
best.
[翻译2] 无论距离有多远，我们都感觉彼此很亲近。
However
far
away
we
are，we
feel
close
to
each
other.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Whenever
I'm
unhappy，it
is
my
friend
who
cheers
me
up.
②As
young
people，we
are
supposed
to
work
hard
and
enjoy
our
work，no
matter
how
ordinary
it
is.
③Wherever
they
looked，they
saw
nothing
but
ruins
after
the
terrible
earthquake.
④Whatever
she
says
will
not
make
any
difference
to
our
arrangements.
leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[教材P52] Meanwhile，the
rise
and
fall
of
this
civilisation
must
also
leave
us
thinking
about
our
own
past，present
and
future.
同时，这个文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。
句式分析：此句中的us
是leave
的宾语，thinking
about...是us
的补足语。
[例1] If
you
leave
the
water
running
when
you
don't
use
it，you
are
wasting.
如果不用水时你还让水一直流着，你是在浪费。
[例2] Don't
leave
the
light
on
when
you
are
not
in
the
room.
当你不在房间时，别让灯开着。
[造句] 别让她在雨中等你。
Don't
leave
her
waiting
for
you
outside
in
the
rain.
[知识拓展]
(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)leave＋宾语＋分词
(3)leave＋宾语＋不定式
(4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句
在leave的复合结构中，宾补为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾补为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾补为不定式时，通常表示动作尚未发生。
[翻译1] 使我失望的是她让我一个人完成这项工作。
What
disappoints
me
is
that
she
leaves
me
to
finish
the
work
by
myself.
[翻译2] 把东西放在能够再次找到的地方，你们应该把这一点作为一条规则。
You
should
make
it
a
rule
to
leave
things
where
you
can
find
them
again.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Hearing
the
bad
news，he
hurried
home，leaving
the
books
lying(lie)open
on
the
table.
②You'd
better
leave
the
door
open
(open)to
let
in
fresh
air.
③He
had
to
go
home，leaving
the
work
unfinished
(finished)．
④You
should
leave
the
lawyer
to
settle(settle)the
problem.
⑤If
the
clothes
don't
fit
you，please
leave
them
where
they
were(请放回原处)．
[教材P50] The
fact
that
Maya
society
was
technologically
primitive
makes
its
achievements
all
the
more
incredible
and
mysterious.
分析：这句话的主语是the
fact，the
fact
指的是(或者说内容是)Maya
society
was
technologically
primitive，这句话的宾语是its
achievements，all
the
more
incredible
and
mysterious
起补充说明作用。
译文：玛雅社会在技术上是原始的，这使得它的成就更加不可思议和神秘。
教材
高考
1.They
applied
this
understanding
to
the
Maya
calendar，which
was
accurate
to
within
30
seconds
per
year.
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)．..we
had
to
write
a
paper
on
how
we
plan
to
apply
what
we
would
learn
in
class
to
our
future
professions...
2.Its
once?great
cities
fell
into
ruin，leaving
various
mysteries
for
later
people
to
solve.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Does
Kilimanjaro
deserve
its
reputation
as
a
crowded
mountain
with
lines
of
tourists
ruining
the
atmosphere
of
peace？
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Your
letter
got
buried(bury)under
a
pile
of
papers.
2．The
written
record
of
the
conversation
doesn't
correspond
to/with
what
was
actually
said.
3．I'm
writing
to
apply(apply)for
the
position
as
a
student
volunteer.
4．The
number
of
robberies
in
the
area
is
in
decline.
5．She
claimed(claim)damages
from
the
company
for
the
injury
she
had
suffered.
6．Eating
too
much
sugar
can
lead
to
health
problems.
7．The
city
is
now
in
ruins(ruin)．
8．Don't
leave
him
waiting(wait)outside
in
the
rain.
9．Yesterday's
match
was
abandoned(abandon)because
of
bad
weather.
10．Whatever
decision
he
made
I
would
support
it.
Ⅱ.短语填空
fall
into
ruin；make
a
discovery；correspond
to；take
back；apply...to...
1．In
science，it
is
important
to
be
the
first
person
to
make
a
discovery．
2．His
expenses
do
not
correspond
to
his
income.
3．How
can
I
apply
theory
to
practice?
4．They
let
the
palace
fall
into
ruin．
5．I
apologize
to
you，now
I
will
take
back
what
I
said.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Many
people
show
an
1.increasing(increase)interest
in
Maya
civilisation.Extending
south
from
Mexico
into
Central
America，it
2.has
been
surrounded(surround)
by
mystery
since
its
rediscovery
in
the
19th
century.Firstly，the
Maya
built
3.impressive(impress)palaces
and
temples.Secondly，Maya
people
have
4.a
good
understanding
of
mathematics
and
astronomy.Thirdly，the
calendar
they
made
is
very
accurate.Above
all，they
have
a
true
writing
system，5.which
contained
more
than
800
characters，some
signs
representing
animals，people
and
objects
and
6.others
representing
syllables.Sadly，Maya
civilisation
began
to
mysteriously
decline.Many
factors
contribute
7.to
its
collapse.For
one
thing，Maya
people
reduced
their
ability
8.
to
deal(deal)with
natural
disasters
by
changing
the
landscape.For
another，fewer
tropical
cyclones
were
likely
9.to
have
led(lead)
to
a
series
of
droughts，and
each
10.
lasted(last)
for
a
couple
of
years.Whatever
the
reasons，the
rise
and
fall
of
Maya
civilisation
leaves
us
many
things
to
think
about.
8/131．There
is
a
profound
charm
in
mystery.
—Chatfield
神秘事物具有深奥的魅力。
2．Nature
is
not
governed
except
by
obeying
her.
—Bacon
自然不可驾驭，除非顺从她。
3．To
be
beautiful
and
to
be
calm
is
the
ideal
of
nature.
—Richard
Jefferies
美与宁静是自然的理想。
4．Mix
a
little
mystery
with
everything，and
the
very
mystery
arouses
veneration.
—Baltasar
Gracian
任何事都掺一点神秘性，唯其神秘才引起崇拜。
5．He
had
lived
long
enough
to
know
it
is
unwise
to
wish
everything
explained.
—Thomas
Coningsby
长时期的生活经历足以使他懂得要想把一切都解释清楚是不明智的。
6．Man
masters
nature
not
by
force
but
by
understanding.
—Bronwski
人征服大自然不是凭力量，而是凭对它的认识。
The
“Monster
of
Lake
Tianchi”
in
the
Changbai
Mountains
in
Jilin
Province，northeast
China，is
back
in
the
news
after
several
recent
sightings.The
director
of
a
local
tourist
office，Meng
Fanying，said
the
monster，which
seemed
to
be
black
in
color，was
ten
meters
from
the
edge
of
the
lake
during
the
most
recent
sighting.“It
jumped
out
of
the
water
like
a
seal—about
200
people
on
Changbai's
western
peak
saw
it，”
he
said.“Although
no
one
really
got
a
clear
look
at
the
mysterious
creature，Xue
Junlin，a
local
photographer，claimed
that
its
head
looked
like
a
horse.”
In
another
recent
sighting，a
group
of
soldiers
claim
they
saw
an
animal
moving
on
the
surface
of
the
water.“It
was
greenish?black
and
had
a
round
head
with
10?centimeter
horns”，one
of
the
soldiers
said.
Mike
Taylor，a
university
student
in
the
study
of
prehistoric
life
forms
for
his
Ph.D.，discovered
a
brand?new
species
of
dinosaur，while
conducting
research
at
the
Natural
History
Museum
in
the
United
Kingdom.This
new
species
was
identified
as
part
of
the
sauropod
family
of
dinosaurs.The
sauropods
were
four?legged，vegetarian
dinosaurs，with
very
long
necks
and
tails，and
relatively
small
skulls
and
brains.One
of
their
most
unusual
characteristics
was
their
nostrils，which
were
higher
up
in
their
head，almost
near
the
eyes.So
far，the
sauropod
bones
have
been
found
in
every
continent
except
Antarctica，and
they
are
one
of
the
longest
living
group
of
dinosaurs，spanning
over
100
million
years.This
new
species，named
Xenoposeidon
proneneukos，which
means
forward
sloping，lived
about
140
million
years
ago.
Mike
Taylor，who
has
spent
five
years
studying
sauropod
vertebrae，immediately
knew
that
this
was
the
backbone
of
a
sauropod.However，he
had
never
seen
one
like
this
before.Further
research
proved
this
was
indeed
a
new
kind
of
sauropod.The
bone，which
had
been
discovered
in
the
1890s，had
never
been
examined.
[探究发现]
1．Find
out
the
main
idea
of
the
passage.
Mike
Taylor
discovered
a
brand?new
species
of
dinosaur.
2．Find
out
the
new
dinosaur's
most
obvious
characteristic.
Nostril.
3．Find
out
the
time
that
the
bone
was
discovered.
In
the
1890s.
2/2速读教材P50－51课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及
1．William
Gadoury
studied
ancient
star
charts
at
a
very
young
age.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
2．The
most
amazing
thing
about
Maya
is
the
way
that
its
complicated
structures
were
built.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．Maya
was
accurate
to
within
30
seconds
per
week.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．Maya
people
were
living
in
small
settlements.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．There
are
many
reasons
why
Maya
civilisation
disappeared.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1—5 BABBA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息
A．what
caused
the
Maya
to
abandon
most
of
their
great
cities
B．Why
Maya
civilisation
collapsed
C．how
powerful
the
secrets
of
Ancient
Maya
civilisation
are
among
people
D．What
is
most
extraordinary
about
these
complex
structures
E．that
the
locations
of
the
117
known
Maya
cities
correspond
to
the
positions
of
the
stars
1．Through
comparison，he
found
．
2．Although
his
theory
has
been
dismissed
by
scholars，it
shows
．
3．
is
how
they
were
built
without
the
use
of
wheels，metal
tools
or
even
animal
power.
4．But
the
greatest
mystery
of
all
is
．
5．
remains
a
mystery.
[答案] 1—5 ECDAB
Ⅲ.表格填空
MAYA CIVILISATION
Time
around
1.1800
BC
to
2.1100
AD
Location
from
3.Mexico
into
4.Central
America.
Possible
reasons
for
collapse
human
causes
They
turned
5.wetlands
into
6.fields.
They
dug
7.huge
canal
systems.
Their
population
8.expanded.
natural
causes
9.Fewer
tropical
cyclones
led
to
a
series
of
droughts，each
lasting
for
10.a
couple
of
years.
细读教材P50－51课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1
A．Natural
causes
contributes
to
the
disappearance
of
Maya
civilisation.
2．Para.2
B．The
rise
and
fall
of
Maya
civilisation
leaves
us
reflecting
on
ourselves.
3．Para.3
C．An
introduction
of
Ancient
Maya
civilisation.
4．Para.4
D．People
are
very
interested
in
Ancient
Maya
civilisation.
5．Para.5
E．Ancient
Maya
civilisation
began
to
decline
mysteriously.
6．Para.6
F．Human
causes
reduced
people's
ability
to
deal
with
natural
disaster.
[答案] 1—6 DCEFAB
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What
is
the
purpose
of
Paragraph
1?
A．To
give
a
short
introduction
of
William
Gadoury.
B．To
introduce
the
topic.
C．To
show
us
that
William
Gadoury
was
wrong.
D．To
introduce
ancient
star
charts.
2．Why
was
Maya
calendar
so
accurate?
A．Because
it
is
very
complicated.
B．Because
they
took
advantage
of
their
understanding
of
mathematics
and
astronomy.
C．Because
there
are
many
characters
in
it.
D．Because
they
have
a
writing
system.
3．What
is
the
purpose
of
Europeans'
arrival
in
Central
America?
A．To
save
Maya
people.
B．To
learn
something
from
them.
C．To
ask
for
wealth.
D．To
destroy
Maya.
4．What
probably
caused
Maya
civilisation
to
disappear?
A．A
natural
disaster.
B．A
deadly
disease.
C．Conflicts
between
cities.
D．A
combination
of
several
different
factors.
[答案] 1－4 BBCD
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能——变换表达方式
A．阅读课文原句，注意改写句的表达方式的变换
1．Although
his
theory
has
been
dismissed
by
scholars，it
shows
how
powerful
the
secrets
of
Ancient
Maya
civilisation
are
among
people.
→Despite
being
dismissed
by
scholars，his
theory
proves
that
Ancient
Maya
civilisation
has
a
dramatic
effect
on
people.
2．Maya
civilisation
has
been
surrounded
by
mystery
since
its
rediscovery
in
the
19th
century.
→Mystery
has
surrounded
Maya
civilisation
since
its
rediscovery
in
the
19th
century.
3．But
the
greatest
mystery
of
all
is
what
caused
the
Maya
to
abandon
most
of
their
great
cities.
→But
the
greatest
mystery
of
all
is
why
the
Maya
abandoned
most
of
their
great
cities.
B．变换下列句子的表达方式
1．Some
research
seems
to
indicate
that
the
Maya
people
themselves
may
have
played
a
part
in
their
downfall.
→Some
research
seems
to
suggest
that
the
Maya
people
may
have
been
involved
in
their
downfall.
2．Research
also
suggests
that
those
natural
disasters
may
have
led
to
the
decline
of
the
Maya.
→Research
indicates
that
natural
disasters
may
have
resulted
in
the
decline
of
the
Maya.
3．Meanwhile，the
rise
and
fall
of
this
civilisation
must
also
leave
us
thinking
about
our
own
past，present
and
future.
→Meantime，the
rise
and
fall
of
this
civilisation
must
also
leave
us
considering
our
past，present
and
future.
2/4名词性从句
一、连接词that，whether，if引导的名词性从句
[观察例句]
1．It
is
possible
that
caffeine
may
cause
birth
defects(缺陷)in
humans，too.
2．She
asked
me
whether/if
I
had
returned
the
books
to
the
library.
3．Whether
it
is
true
remains
a
question.
4．The
question
is
whether
it
is
worth
doing.
5．I
think(that)you
should
turn
to
the
teacher
for
help.
6．My
reason
is
that
the
cost
will
be
too
high.
[归纳用法]
1．that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语(如例1)，that不作从句的任何成分，但通常不可省略。
2．引导宾语从句的that不作从句的任何成分，常可省略(如例5)。
3．引导表语从句的that不作从句的任何成分，通常不可省略(如例6)。
4．whether与if都可以引导宾语从句(如例2)。
5．whether还可以引导主语从句(如例3)和表语从句(如例4)。
[名师点津]
1．动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后面有宾语补足语时，需用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置，that通常不可省略。
I
think
it
necessary
that
we
drink
plenty
of
boiled
water
every
day.
2．that引导两个以上的宾语从句时，通常只省略第一个从句中的that。
3．whether与if引导宾语从句时，大多数情况下可以互换。但or
not前面用whether；用于介词后的宾语从句也用whether引导。
We
don't
know
whether
or
not
she
was
ready.
I'm
interested
in
whether
you've
finished
the
work.
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①It
is
wonderful
that
all
of
you
have
passed
the
difficult
exam!
②I
wonder
if/whether
they
are
so
eager
to
accept
advice
themselves.
③The
reason
for
his
absence
was
that
he
was
ill.
④The
question
is
whether
we
should
accept
their
invitation.
⑤Tell
me
whether
or
not
you
will
go
there.
二、连接代词和连接副词引导的名词性从句
[观察例句]
1．I
will
do
what
I
can
to
help
him.
2．It
has
not
been
decided
who
will
be
sent
there.
3．It
is
unknown
when
we
will
have
our
sports
meet.
4．Go
and
get
your
coat.It's
where
you
left
it.
5．That's
why
I
want
you
to
work
there.
6．I
don't
know
whose
book
this
is.
[归纳用法]
1．引导名词性从句的连接代词有who，whom，whose，what等。它们不但起连接作用，还在从句中作主语(如例2)、表语、宾语(如例1)、定语(如例6)等。缺少连接代词，从句不完整。
2．引导名词性从句的连接副词有when，where，why，how。它们不但起连接作用，还在从句中作状语，表示时间(如例3)、地点(如例4)、原因(如例5)和方式等。缺少连接副词，从句也不完整。
[名师点津]
引导名词性从句的还有“疑问词＋ever”，如whoever
、whomever、wherever、whichever等，它们在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
Whoever
breaks
the
law
should
be
punished.
Wherever
children
go
makes
their
parents
worry.
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①He
didn't
tell
me
when
we
would
meet
again.
②What
worries
us
most
is
who
let
out
the
secret.
③I
have
no
idea
how
I
can
express
myself
clearly
in
English.
④The
problem
is
where
we
should
stay.
⑤The
book
can
be
of
help
to
whoever
wants
the
job.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．And
it
evaluates
how
well
you
combine
your
listening，reading，speaking
and
writing
skills
to
perform
academic
tasks.
2．Now，he
is
still
waiting
to
find
out
whether/if
he
has
broken
the
record.
3．He
promised
to
give
a
great
reward
to
whoever
found
the
watch.
4．“That's
exactly
what
I
need，”
Mr.Vincent
said
to
himself.
5．Think
about
what
you
want
in
the
coming
year，then
ask
yourself
why
you
want
that.
6．Another
possible
reason
is
that
on
average，the
British
people
don't
take
themselves
too
seriously.
7．What
he
did
know
was
that
he
was
very
thankful
for
the
opportunity
given
to
him.
8．The
two
presidents
talked
by
telephone
on
Friday，but
the
details
of
what
they
said
were
not
available.
9．Reading
exposes
you
to
new
words，and
you
will
see
how
those
words
are
used.
10．The
third
reason
is
that
some
students
have
to
get
up
early
on
weekdays
to
get
to
school
far
away
from
home.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
After
being
upset
at
opportunities
in
the
UK，I
left
the
UK
for
another
country
and
discovered
that
understanding
an
1.entirely(entire)new
culture
taught
me
a
lot
about
how
to
get
ahead.
My
life
overseas
began
after
reading
an
e?mail
about
a
government
programme
2.with
the
aim
of
getting
young
people
over
to
that
country.I
3.had
considered(consider)no
international
work
experience
before，but，realizing
that
this
was
an
opportunity
not
to
be
missed，I
boarded
a
plane
to
the
country.
The
main
reason
for
people
to
go
on
such
a
voyage
is
to
develop
4.a
better
understanding
of
a
different
culture.The
key
to
5.getting(get)ahead
in
this
country
is
to
get
connected
with
other
people，which
determines
how
business
6.is
done(do)and
how
you
succeed.
Living
abroad
isn't
as
easy
as
I
thought.Each
day
will
present
you
with
a
new
challenge
7.to
be
overcome(overcome)．But
it
will
wholly
disappear
with
days
when
your
taxi
driver
finally
understands
8.where
you
need
to
go
without
you
acting
it
out，days
when
you
discover
9.tasty(taste)dishes
cost
only
a
small
part
of
a
Happy
Meal，and
days
when
the
people
you'll
remember
forever
or
just
for
two
weeks
leave
a
lasting
10.impression(impress)on
your
life.
2/4阅读教材P56－57课文，选出最佳选项
1．Which
one
can
not
benefit
from
the
exploration
of
the
oceans
according
to
the
passage?
A．The
discovery
of
natural
resources.
B．Trade
and
economy.
C．Biological
discoveries.
D．Archaeological
discoveries.
2．Which
one
do
you
think
make
China
become
the
world's
top
ocean
explorer?
A．China's
discovery
of
an
ice?like
substance.
B．The
discovery
of
bone?white
coral.
C．The
Jiaolong
holds
the
record
for
the
deepest
dive
by
a
manned
submarine.
D．China's
cooperation
with
other
countries.
[答案] 1－2 BC
Words
and
Phrases
check
out调查，检查，核实；
结账离开(旅馆等)
[教材P54] So
while
you
may
be
tempted
to
check
out
a
strange
object
or
to
test
the
waters
of
a
new
situation，it
can
be
safer
to
steer
clear
of
the
unfamiliar.
所以，当你想要查看一个陌生的东西或尝试一个新环境时，避开不熟悉的东西会更安全。
[例1]
This
photocopy
machine
is
not
working
properly.
Could
you
check
out
the
problem?
这台复印机不正常工作了，你检查一下好吗？
[例2] Check
out
how
many
key
skills
you
already
have
and
find
out
which
ones
you
might
need
to
develop!
核实你已经具备了多少关键技能，并找出哪些是你需要提升的吧！
[造句] 或许我们应该去趟图书馆，查个明白。
Maybe
we
ought
to
go
down
to
the
library
and
check
it
out.
[知识拓展]
check
in
(在旅馆、机场等)登记
check
over/through
仔细检查；核对；核查
check
on
sb./sth.
检查，查看(是否安全、令人满意或在
做应该做的事)；核实，调查
[即学即练] 完成句子
①We've
checked
in(登记入住)at
the
hotel.
②Guests
should
check
out
(结账离开)
of
their
rooms
by
noon.
③Check
over/through(仔细检查)
your
work
for
mistakes.
set
out
出发，动身；陈述，阐明
[教材P54] In
more
recent
times,
Norwegian
explorer,
Roald
Amundsen
endured
one
of
the
most
hostile
environments
on
Earth
when
he
set
out
into
uncharted
territory
to
reach
the
South
Pole.
在最近一段时间里，挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森经历了地球上最恶劣的环境之一，他踏进了未知的区域，去往南极。
[例1] When
setting
out
on
a
long
walk,
always
wear
suitable
shoes.
当出发进行长途步行时，一定要穿合适的鞋子。
[例2] We
set
out
to
paint
the
whole
house
but
finished
only
the
front
part
that
day.
我们开始着手粉刷整幢房子，可是那天只完成了前面的部分。
[造句] 他已经实现了他3年前的奋斗目标。
He
has
achieved
what
he
set
out
to
do
3
years
ago.
[知识拓展]
set
off
出发，动身；使爆炸；引起，激发
set
about
doing
sth.＝
set
out
to
do
sth.
开始/着手做某事
set...aside
把……放到一旁；省出，留出(钱或时间)
set
down
写下，记下；制定；规定
set
up
建立，创立；建起，竖起
set
sail
启航
set
sail
for
启航前往……
set
sail
from
从……启航
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①The
luxury
liner(豪华客轮)Titanic
set
sail
for
the
west
coast
of
the
Atlantic
in
cheers,
but
eventually
ended
up
on
the
bottom
of
the
ocean.
②Ralph
W.
Emerson
would
always
set
down
new
ideas
that
occurred
to
him.
③The
police
set
out
to
rescue
(rescue)the
people
buried
in
the
ruins.
④The
ship
will
set
sail(启航)at
once
and
its
destination
is
Paris.
⑤I
wanted
to
set
off/set
out(出发)
early
in
order
to
avoid
the
traffic.
⑥We
set
about
preparing
for(开始准备)the
party
one
week
ago.
⑦Our
teachers
advise
setting
aside(省出来)
a
certain
hour
each
day
for
reading.
⑧On
arriving
home,
I
set
about
doing
my
homework.
→On
arriving
home,
I
set
out
to
do
my
homework.
if
any
如果有的话
[教材P56] Today，some
500
years
after
the
Esmeralda
set
sail，there
is
little－if
any－land
on
our
planet
left
unexplored.
今天，在“埃斯梅拉达号”启航大约500年后，我们的星球上几乎没有未经探索的陆地了。
[例1] What
one
quality，if
any，do
you
like
the
most
about
your
partner?
你最喜欢你伴侣的哪一点，假如有的话？
[例2] Problems，if
any，should
be
solved
without
delay.
有问题要及时解决。
[造句] 就算有困难，也不会太大。
There
won't
be
much
difficulty，if
any.
[知识拓展]
if
possible
如果可能的话
if
necessary
如果必要的话
if
so
如果是这样的话
if
ever
如果曾经有的话
if
not
不这样的话
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
think
there
is
a
train
at
midday.If
not，you
will
have
to
wait
till
5
pm.
②It
is
said
that
she
was
admitted
to
a
famous
university
in
2018.If
so，I
am
really
proud
of
her.
lie
v．躺；平躺；平卧；平放；处于，保留，保持(某种状态)n.谎言；位置
[教材P56] Fragments
of
the
past
lying
deep
beneath
the
oceans
are
still
waiting
to
be
discovered.
过去的碎片深埋在海底，仍等待着被发现。
[例1] I
should
lie
down
for
a
bit，if
I
were
you.
如果我是你，我就会躺一会儿。
[例2] Why
don't
you
go
upstairs
and
lie
down
for
a
bit?
你为什么不上楼去躺一会儿呢？
[造句] 他正躺在树荫下，想着下一步做什么。
He
was
lying
in
the
shade
of
a
tree，thinking
what
to
do
next.
[知识拓展]
(1)tell
a
lie/lies
说谎；撒谎
a
white
lie
善意的谎言
(2)lie
to
sb.
对某人撒谎
lie
in
在于，位于
lie
down
躺下
lie
on
one's
back/side/stomach
仰卧/侧卧/俯卧
(3)liar
n.
说谎者
[明辨异同] lie/lay
词义
原形
词性
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
说谎
lie
vi.
lied
lied
lying
躺；位于
lie
vi.
lay
lain
lying
放置；下蛋
lay
vt.
laid
laid
laying
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
saw
there
were
two
instructors
on
board
and
a
man
lying
(lie)across
the
middle.
②Don't
tell
a
lie
(lie)
any
more，or
most
people
will
lose
faith
in
you.
③In
fact，the
key
to
easy
morning
wake?up
lies
in
resetting
your
body
clock.
④The
boy
lying
in
the
bed
lied
that
he
had
laid
the
book
on
the
bookshelf，but
in
fact
he
kept
it
for
himself.(lie/lay)
imagine
v．想象；认为
[教材P57] Imagine
bone?white
coral
6，000
metres
below
the
ocean's
surface，growing
at
the
rate
of
only
one
or
two
millimetres
per
year.
想象一下，在海平面以下6，000米处的白骨珊瑚，以每年只有一两毫米的速度生长。
[例1] He
could
not
imagine
a
more
peaceful
scene.
他想象不出比这更祥和的景象。
[例2] She
couldn't
imagine
living
in
a
place
like
that.
她无法想象住在那样一个地方。
[造句] 你能想象生活中没有电是什么样的情景吗？
Can
you
imagine
what
it
would
be
like
to
live
without
electricity?
[知识拓展]
(1)imagine(sb./sb.'s)doing
sth.
想象(某人)做某事
imagine
sb./sth.as/to
be...
把某人/物想象成……
imagine＋从句
想象……
(2)imagination
n.
想象；想象力
beyond
imagination
超乎想象，出乎意料
(3)imaginative
adj.
富有想象力的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①Can
you
imagine
the
man
living
(live)on
a
lonely
island
for
three
years?
②I
never
knew
my
grandmother，but
I
always
imagine
her
as
a
kind
and
gentle
person.
③The
student
would
tell
something
wildly
imaginative(imagine)
flying
in
the
sky
or
in
a
time
machine
or
growing
three
heads.
④I
did
not
imagine
it
would
be
so
difficult.
→It
was
so
difficult
that
it
was
beyond
my
imagination．
篇章结构题
此类题目能全面地、深层次地考查考生的阅读理解能力。
解题技巧——把脉络看结构
篇章结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开层次所设置的问题。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构；二是按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。设问形式常有：
(1)Which
of
the
following
shows
the
development
of
ideas
in
this
passage?
(2)Which
of
the
following
shows
the
organization/structure
of
the
(whole)
passage?
因此这类题的解题方法也分为两种：
注意：
1．文章的段落组织通常采用“总—分；分—总；总—分—总”的框架。
2．内容的展开则常用以下手法：
(1)时间顺序：按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展情况。
(2)空间顺序：按照事物的空间结构顺序进行描写或说明。
(3)例证关系：所列举的事物用来论证观点，通常是数据、事例等。
(4)对比或类比关系：这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。
[典例]
Careers
in
zoology
are
extremely
varied
and
unique，and
can
provide
incredible
learning
and
work
opportunities
for
anyone
devoted
to
animal
studies
and
welfare.Zoology，or
the
study
of
animals，is
a
wide
field
with
many
specialties，including
research，conservation，veterinary(兽医的)
medicine，and
the
care
of
animals.For
people
with
a
love
of
animals
and
some
training，dreams
of
careers
in
zoology
may
come
true.
Some
careers
in
zoology
focus
on
research
and
scientific
studies.These
careers
may
allow
those
with
a
good
theoretical
science
background
to
develop
and
run
studies
that
improve
human
understanding
of
the
animal
world.Research
in
zoology
can
help
create
safer
and
more
effective
products
for
animals
or
can
teach
humans
more
about
animal
behavior
in
order
to
aid
in
conservation，breeding
programs，and
habitat
preservation.
Careers
in
zoology
that
focus
on
conservation
attach
great
importance
to
the
continued
survival
and
increased
protection
of
animal
species.Conservationists
may
work
with
political
groups
or
governments
to
help
make
laws
to
protect
and
preserve
animals，or
may
work
in
the
field
gathering
information
on
potential
threats
to
the
health
of
global
ecosystems.Some
conservationists
work
in
educational
fields，trying
to
improve
human
efforts
to
save
animals
from
extinction.
Animals
are
subject
to
illness
and
injury，and
some
careers
in
zoology
help
to
create
a
safe，stable
animal
population.Veterinary
medicine
is
an
important
specialty
field，and
may
take
several
years
of
intensive
training
to
qualify
as
a
certified
veterinarian.While
many
veterinarians
focus
on
the
small?animal
practice
of
domestic
pets，vets
in
rural
areas
often
work
with
large
farm
animals
and
more
adventurous
veterinarians
may
work
with
exotic
species
in
zoos
and
wildlife
preserves.
Humans
love
to
observe
animals，and
modern?day
zoos
and
wildlife
preserves
help
meet
that
interest
while
providing
facilities
to
assist
with
conservation
programs.Zoology
careers
in
zoos
can
range
from
overseeing
breeding
programs，to
creating
the
proper
diet
for
a
deer，or
to
cleaning
the
tiger's
cage.Many
volunteer
and
entry?level
jobs
are
available
for
people
that
love
animals.
★Which
of
the
following
shows
the
structure
of
the
whole
passage?
(P1＝Paragraph
1；P2＝Paragraph
2；P3＝Paragraph
3；P4＝Paragraph
4；P5＝Paragraph
5)
A [通读全文，把握各段大意可知：第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是总述。第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。分析每一段的关系发现：后面四个段落从不同的角度对第一段进行了分述，所以这篇文章是“总—分”结构，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A。]
[对点训练]
A
Antarctic
animals
are
exposed
to
some
of
the
coldest
environments
on
earth.Animals
survive
in
these
severe
conditions
by
reducing
the
percentage
of
body
heat
that
is
lost
to
the
environment.
Many
Antarctic
animals
have
either
a
windproof
or
waterproof
coat.Emperor
penguins
are
a
very
good
example
of
this.These
birds
have
four
layers
of
scale?like
feathers.These
layers
overlap
each
other，forming
a
good
protection
from
the
wind，even
in
snowstorm
conditions.
Whales，seals
and
some
penguins
have
thick
fat
layers.This
is
a
little
like
covering
yourself
in
a
blanket，but
on
the
inside.In
some
animals
this
is
even
further
improved，with
the
animals
selectively
able
to
reduce
the
blood
flow
to
the
fat
layers.The
further
the
blood
is
from
the
skin
surface，the
less
the
heat
is
lost.Fat
layers
can
also
be
used
as
energy
reserves，for
example，male
elephant
seals
can
live
off
their
fat
reserves
during
summer.
The
term
“extremities”
is
used
to
mean
any
body
part
that
is
furthest
away
from
the
main
body.In
humans，our
hands
and
feet
count
as
“extremities”．These
are
often
the
first
places
to
feel
cold
in
winter.The
same
applies
to
animals.Emperor
penguins
have
very
small
bills(喙)
and
feet，which
means
less
blood
is
required
to
these
areas.
Emperor
penguins
are
highly
adapted
to
cold
environments—and
as
the
only
warm?blooded
animal
that
produces
young
penguins
during
the
Antarctic
winter，they
need
to
be.In
addition
to
the
adaptation
described
above，emperor
penguins
also
have
noses
which
recover
much
of
the
heat
lost
through
breathing.
As
with
the
physical
means，emperor
penguins
have
unique
behavioral
adaptation
that
enables
them
to
survive
the
unkind
winter.Emperor
penguins
form
large
huddles(挤在一起的一群人或东西)．Not
only
does
this
share
body
warmth，but
it
also
shelters
many
of
the
penguins
from
the
effects
of
the
wind.Huddling
can
reduce
heat
loss
by
up
to
50%.
★Which
shows
the
development
of
ideas
in
the
passage?
I：Introduction
P：Point
Sp：Sub?point(次要点) C：Conclusion
B [篇章结构题。第一段是文章的主旨段并引出下文(Introduction)，南极动物通过减少身体热量损失在严寒中生存。下文分为两个要点，即身体上的适应手段physical
adaptation(Point
1)和行为上的适应手段behavioral
adaptation(Point
2)。第二至五段是Point
1的四个次要点，介绍四种身体上的适应手段——windproof
or
waterproof
coats，thick
fat
layers，small
extremities，emperor
penguins'
noses；第六段就是Point
2。故选B项。]
B
There
is
always
no
lack
of
ordinary
people
taking
action
for
extraordinary
change.Aghan
Oscar
is
just
among
them.Thirteen
years
ago，Aghan，bothered
by
the
ever?increasing
quantity
of
plastic
waste
in
this
low?income
suburb
of
Nairobi，decided
to
find
a
way
to
recycle
it.
Now
his
company，Continental
Renewable
Energy
Co.Ltd
(COREC)，produces
poles
for
use
in
construction，farming
and
road
signs.So
far
he
has
sold
96，000，and
he
says
his
potential
for
growth
is
limited
only
by
the
considerable
expense
of
setting
up
plastic
recycling
plants.
Most
of
Aghan's
customers
are
farmers
and
developers
who
once
used
wooden
fence
poles.Customers
say
they
have
other
benefits
as
well.“I
have
fenced
my
piece
of
land
three
times
using
wood
posts，but
most
of
the
time
the
fence
was
vandalized(故意破坏)
by
villagers
who
used
the
posts
as
firewood，”
said
Caleb
Kapten.“Now
plastic
posts
have
stopped
the
problem”，he
said.
The
Kenya
National
Highways
Authority
is
one
of
COREC's
biggest
customers.It
approached
the
company
after
road
signs
were
vandalized
by
criminals
who
sold
the
metal
poles
to
steel
manufacturing
companies.Aghan
reckons(估计)
that
COREC's
products
have
saved
the
government
millions
of
shillings，besides
preventing
road
accidents.And
he
also
points
out
that
COREC
has
been
able
to
conserve
large
numbers
of
trees
by
producing
plastic
poles.
When
Aghan
started
this
recycling
business
in
2003，most
of
his
employees
were
his
family
members
due
to
financial
constraints(限制)．Now
he
employs
250
young
people
to
collect
plastic
waste.Fifty
more
youths
work
on
the
production
line，where
the
waste
is
sorted
according
to
quality
before
being
crushed
and
washed，melted
and
cast
into
different
shapes.The
poles
are
then
arranged
by
shape
and
size
for
sale
in
the
yard
of
the
recycling
plant.
★Which
best
shows
the
structure
of
the
text?
D [篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段属于主旨段，引出本文的话题；第二段讲的是Aghan创办了自己的公司，生产用于建筑、农业和路标的塑料杆儿；第三段和第四段分别介绍塑料杆儿在农业和交通领域的应用，属于对第二段内容的扩展；第五段主要介绍这种塑料杆儿的生产过程，与第二段是并列关系。故选D。]
3/10课时分层作业(十四)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Facebook
will
show
information
on
whether
you
live
in
the
same
city
or
want
to
go
to
the
same
school.
2．Obviously，it
was
just
an
excuse
he
made
to
cover
the
fact
that
he
hadn't
done
his
homework.
3．What
matters
to
museums
is
not
how
many
visitors
they
have，but
how
close
they
are
to
people's
daily
lives.
4．I
forgot
how
complicated
these
decisions
can
be!
5．I
have
no
idea
who
will
be
in
charge
of
the
company
when
the
manager
is
away.
6．If
we
want
to
truly
understand
why
animals
are
eating
plastic
in
the
ocean，we
have
to
think
about
how
animals
find
food.
7．The
best
moment
for
the
football
star
was
when
he
scored
the
winning
goal.
8．It
is
often
the
case
that
anything
is
possible
for
those
who
hang
onto
hope.
9．I
think
what
impresses
me
about
this
painting
is
the
colour
he
uses.
10．Do
not
let
any
failures
discourage
you，for
you
can
never
tell
how
close
you
may
be
to
victory.
Ⅱ.完形填空
He
has
been
called
the
“missing
link”．Half?man，half?beast.He
is
supposed
to
live
in
the
highest
mountain
in
the
world—Mount
Qomolangma.
He
is
known
as
the
Abominable
Snowman.The
1
of
the
Snowman
has
been
around
for
2
．Climbers
in
the
1920s
reported
finding
marks
like
those
of
human
feet
high
up
on
the
side
of
Mount
Qomolangma.The
native
people
said
they
3
this
creature
and
called
it
the
“Yeti”，and
they
said
that
they
had
even
caught
Yetis
on
two
occasions
4
none
has
ever
been
produced
as
evidence.
Over
the
years，the
story
of
the
Yetis
has
5
．In
1951，Eric
Shipton
took
photographs
of
a
set
of
tracks
in
the
snow
of
Qomolangma.Shipton
believed
that
they
were
not
6
the
tracks
of
a
monkey
or
bear
and
felt
that
the
Abominable
Snowman
might
really
7
．
Further
efforts
have
been
made
to
find
out
about
Yetis.But
the
only
things
people
have
ever
found
were
more
footprints.Most
believe
the
footprints
are
nothing
more
than
8
animal
tracks，which
had
been
made
9
as
they
melted(融化)and
refroze
in
the
snow.
10
，in
1964，a
Russian
scientist
said
that
the
Abominable
Snowman
was
real
and
was
a
remaining
link
with
the
prehistoric
humans.But，
11
，no
evidence
has
ever
12
been
produced.
These
days，only
a
few
people
continue
to
take
the
story
of
the
Abominable
Snowman
13
．But
if
they
ever
succeed
in
catching
one，they
may
face
a
real
14
：Would
they
put
it
in
a
15
or
give
it
a
room
in
a
hotel?
【语篇解读】 喜马拉雅山一直传闻有雪人存在，但至今还没有确凿证据证明其真实性。
1．A.event
B．story
C．adventure
D．description
B [后文叙述的是关于“Yeti”的传说故事，故选story。]
2．A.centuries
B．too
long
C．some
time
D．many
years
D [从20世纪20年代开始被发现，至今应有许多年了。]
3．A.heard
from
B．cared
for
C．knew
of
D．read
about
C [当地人称这种生物为“Yeti”，肯定是知道它以及关于它的事。hear
from“收到……的来信，得到……信息”；care
for“照顾”；know
of“知道，了解”；read
about“读到”。]
4．A.as
B．though
C．when
D．until
B [“曾经抓到”与“没有证据”之间为转折关系，故选though。]
5．A.developed
B．changed
C．occurred
D．continued
D [第二段讲述了关于“Yeti”的一些事，后文中将有新的介绍。故可知“故事在继续”。]
6．A.entirely
B．naturally
C．clearly
D．simply
D [席普顿相信这些“脚印”不会简单地是猴子或熊的脚印，故选simply。]
7．A.exist
B．escape
C．disappear
D．return
A [席普顿感觉这种动物可能真的存在。]
8．A.huge
B．recent
C．ordinary
D．frightening
C [许多人相信这些脚印只不过是那些普通动物(比如猴子或熊)留下的。]
9．A.strange
B．large
C．deep
D．rough
B [“普通的脚印”看起来不“普通”，是因为其在雪里融化而变“大”了。]
10．A.In
the
end
B．Therefore
C．After
all
D．However
D [前文介绍了一些人认为脚印是“普通动物的”，而后文是一位俄国科学家相反的观点，故两部分之间应用however表示转折。]
11．A.so
B．besides
C．again
D．instead
C [前面提到过，当地人的发现和传说没有证据可依，这一次“又”是如此。]
12．A.rightly
B．actually
C．normally
D．particularly
B [没有证据被实际记载。rightly“正确地”；actually“实际上”；normally“正常地”；particularly“尤其地”。]
13．A.lightly
B．jokingly
C．seriously
D．properly
C [take...seriously意为“把……当回事(严肃认真地对待)”。]
14．A.decision
B．situation
C．subject
D．problem
D [face
a
problem“面临问题”，为固定搭配。而该空后就给出了一个问题。]
15．A.zoo
B．mountain
C．museum
D．laboratory
A [前文提到这种生物“半人半兽”，那么如果人们真抓住一个，他们将面临的问题是：把它放到动物园(当它是动物)还是在旅馆里给它一个房间(当它是人)呢？]
Ⅲ.语法填空
The
Silk
Road
was
a
passage
for
the
transportation
of
silk
in
ancient
times.Lots
of
relics
on
the
road
can
still
1.
(see)now.From
the
relics，tourists
can
see
the
outline
of
the
ancient
metropolitan(大都会的)areas
along
2.
fantastic
road.In
the
tour
packages，tourists
can
imagine
3.
(they)to
be
ancient
merchants
by
riding
camels
in
deserts.
The
Silk
Road
is
a
long
route，4.
Xi'an
in
the
east
to
Gansu
and
Xinjiang
in
the
west.If
it
is
your
first
trip
to
China，we
5.
(sincere)suggest
you
should
spend
at
least
ten
days
visiting
Beijing，Xi'an，Dunhuang，Urumqi
and
Kashi.You
could
get
to
know
about
the
history
of
China
and
experience
6.
(color)scenery
along
the
Silk
Road.
If
you
are
an
7.
(experience)traveler
wanting
to
explore
China
fully，it
is
recommended
8.
you
should
travel
to
Dunhuang，Zhangye，Jiayuguan，Turpan，Kashi
and
Urumqi
to
follow
the
footprint
of
Marco
Polo.This
route
may
take
about
15
days.If
you
have
only
a
one?week
holiday，the
9.
(choose)of
three
most
famous
cities
will
be
fit
for
you.
Along
the
Silk
Road
route，Xi'an
and
Gansu
are
suitable
to
visit
all
year
round.The
best
time
10.
(visit)Xinjiang
is
from
May
to
October
because
the
weather
is
mild.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了中国的“丝绸之路”，并为如何游览“丝绸之路”提出了一些建议。
1．be
seen [考查动词语态。句子的主语是Lots
of
relics，与谓语动词see之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；空格前面有情态动词can，所以填be
seen。]
2．the [考查冠词。上文已经提到了丝绸之路，此处再次提到，表示特指，要用定冠词，所以填the。]
3．themselves [考查反身代词。本句表达的意思是“通过在沙漠中骑骆驼，游客们可以把他们自己想象成古代的商人”，they指代主语tourists，所以要用反身代词。]
4．from [考查介词。此处表达的是“从东部的西安到西部的甘肃和新疆”，表达“从……到……”要用介词短语from...to...。]
5．sincerely [考查副词。修饰动词suggest要用副词，所以填sincerely。]
6．colorful [考查形容词。修饰名词scenery，要用形容词作定语，所以填colorful。]
7．experienced [考查形容词。根据空后的名词traveler可知，空处应用形容词作定语，表示“有经验的”，故填experienced。]
8．that [考查主语从句。本句为“It
is
recommended＋that从句”结构，it作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语，故填that。]
9．choice [考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的of可知，空处应填名词，所以空处要用choice。]
10．to
visit [考查非谓语动词。the
best
time
to
do
sth.的意思是“做某事的最好的时间”，其中的动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的the
best
time，所以填to
visit。]
5/5课时分层作业(十三)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Many
relics
from
the
ancient
Egyptian
civilisation
(文明)have
been
discovered.
2．The
boy
buried
(掩埋)his
body
in
a
pile
of
fallen
leaves.
3．I
have
always
loved
looking
at
the
stars，so
now
I
study
astronomy(天文学)．
4．They
studied
ancient
ruins(废墟)
to
learn
more
about
the
old
civilisation.
5．The
captain
gave
the
order
to
abandon(丢弃)
the
ship.
6．The
boss
tends
to
dismiss(拒绝考虑)the
staff's
suggestions.
7．Our
company
has
undergone
steady
expansion(扩大)
for
the
last
ten
years.
8．They
have
made
preparations
to
set
out
a
journey
into
the
unknown(不为人知的地方)．
9．A
blue
lemon
is
particularly
notable(显眼)
in
the
group.
10．We
are
conducting
an
investigation(调查)into
the
spending
habits
of
teenagers.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Even
after
centuries
of
exploration，the
ocean
still
holds
both
its
mysteries
and
our
fascination.Although
we
know
more
today
about
the
world's
oceans
and
their
denizens
than
ever
before，every
once
in
a
while
the
sea
spits
up
something
so
strange，so
unexpected，that
the
world
releases
a
collective
gasp
as
they
wonder
what
it
could
be.
Such
was
the
case
August
16
when
the
currents
of
the
Mediterranean
Ocean
left
a
13?foot?long，smelly
dead
body
on
the
shores
of
the
village
of
Villaricos
in
Andalusia，a
community
of
Spain.An
initial
report
in
the
Spanish
publication
Lavante
described
the
strange，horned
body
as
“what
might
seem
like
a
big
fish，but
in
an
advanced
state
of
decomposition(腐烂)”．Locals
joked
that
it
was
a
“mutant(突变的)fish”
or
some
kind
of
the
Loch
Ness
monster.
The
media
jumped
right
on
it，of
course.Some
sites
called
it
a
“horned
sea
monster”．The
popular
blog
Boing
Boing
called
it
a
“dragon”．Some
people
guessed
that
it
might
be
an
oarfish，which
is
actually
a
rarely
seen
kind
of
the
giant
herring(鲱鱼)that
can
grow
up
to
55
feet
long.
But
now
the
experts
have
joined
in
it
and
we're
sorry
to
report
that
it's
not
a
dragon，a
Loch
Ness
monster，or
even
an
oarfish.“That
is
definitely
a
shark
skeleton，”Florida
State
University
ichthyologist(鱼类学者)Dean
Grubbs
told
NBC
News.“The
elements
toward
the
back
were
confusing
me，but
those
are
the
lower
caudal
fin(尾鳍)supports.The
‘horns’are
the
scapulocoracoids(肩胛喙软骨)which
support
the
pectoral
fins(胸鳍)．”Scapulocoracoids
are
bones
common
to
most
vertebrates(脊椎动物)．You've
got
them：they're
called
shoulder
blades.
So
there
we
go，another
mystery
solved．Alas，the
ancient
maps
that
once
identified
areas
of
the
ocean
with
the
words
“here
there
be
dragons”have
yet
to
be
proven
true.But
it's
good
to
know
that
the
ocean
still
has
a
few
surprises
for
us，even
in
cases
where
they're
just
dead，smelly
dead
bodies.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇奇闻。文章讲述了从地中海中漂浮出来的一具奇怪的尸体。它十三英尺长，散发着恶臭，头上有角，人们对尸体的身份有着诸多猜测。最后科学家通过检验认为这是一具鲨鱼的骨架。
1．Why
does
the
sea
often
make
the
world
surprised?
A．The
sea
often
brings
something
strange
to
the
shores.
B．People
often
wonder
what
could
live
in
the
sea.
C．The
exploration
of
the
sea
has
lasted
for
centuries.
D．The
sea
still
holds
its
many
mysteries.
A [细节理解题。根据第一段可知，大海不时地将一些非常奇怪、非常出乎意料的东西带到海岸边，这使得世界都很吃惊，故A项正确。]
2．The
report
about
the
dead
strange
creature
on
the
shores
in
Andalusia
was
first
given
by
．
A．locals
B．Lavante
C．Boing
Boing
D．Dean
Grubbs
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“An
initial
report
in
the
Spanish
publication
Lavante
described...”可知，是刊物Lavante第一个报道这个奇怪的生物的，故B项正确。]
3．It
can
be
inferred
from
the
fourth
paragraph
that
．
A．the
creature
had
two
real
horns
B．the
elements
toward
the
back
looked
like
two
horns
C．the
scapulocoracoids
looked
like
two
horns
D．the
horns
were
common
to
most
sea
monsters
C [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The
‘horns’are
the
scapulocoracoids
(肩胛喙软骨)
which
support
the
pectoral
fins(胸鳍)．”可知，人们把鲨鱼的支持胸鳍的肩胛喙软骨错认为两只角，由此可推断出肩胛喙软骨看上去像两只角。]
4．What
does
the
underlined
word
“solved”
most
probably
mean?
A．Existed.
B．Arose.
C．Found
an
answer.
D．Developed.
C [词义猜测题。根据上文可知，关于那个死的海洋生物的谜有了答案，故画线词表示找到了答案，所以C项正确。]
B
It's
been
a
hard
time
for
rhinos(犀牛)lately.Recently
the
International
Union
for
Conservation
announced
the
western
black
rhinos
had
died
out
in
the
wild.It
was
last
seen
in
western
Africa
in
2006.Now，those
who
work
to
protect
the
animals
are
trying
to
make
sure
that
won't
happen
to
other
rhinos.
19
south?central
black
rhinos
in
South
Africa
were
driven
to
an
area
nearly
1，000
miles
away，which
was
said
to
be
the
gentlest
and
quickest
way
to
transport
the
animals.They
were
taken
to
a
new
home
that
would
keep
them
safe
from
hunters.
Though
it
is
not
allowed
to
hunt
rhinos，many
are
still
killed
for
their
horns，which
can
sell
for
as
much
as
$30，000
each.Most
of
them
are
used
to
make
drugs
as
traditional
medicines
in
Asian
countries.Some
people
believe
that
the
horns
work
well
in
treating
pain，fever
and
even
cancer.However，there
is
no
medical
evidence
yet.
Black
rhino
population
began
falling
rapidly
in
the
second
half
of
the
1900s
because
of
poaching．In
fact，some
people
still
hunt
the
animals
at
the
risk
of
being
put
into
prison.And
many
of
the
places
where
the
animals
used
to
live
in
were
destroyed
when
people
started
building
farms
on
the
grasslands.Until
the
1960s，about
65，000
black
rhinos
lived
throughout
most
of
Africa.Today，fewer
than
5，000
are
left—most
of
them
in
zoos
and
wildlife
reserves.
South
Africa
has
the
largest
population
of
rhinos
in
the
world.Poaching
is
an
especially
big
problem
in
that
country.So
far，more
than
340
rhinos
have
been
killed
there.Since
2003，the
Black
Rhino
Expansion
Project
has
been
helping
the
south?central
black
rhinos
in
South
Africa.The
group
works
with
landowners
to
find
areas
where
rhinos
can
live
safely
away
from
hunters.
So
far，the
group
has
successfully
saved
about
120
rhinos.Leaders
of
the
project
say
the
south?central
black
rhinos
have
seen
a
rise
in
numbers.It
is
hoped
that，with
continued
support，these
rhinos
can
escape
the
unfortunate
result
of
the
western
black
rhinos.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了黑犀牛濒临灭绝，旨在拯救黑犀牛。
5．According
to
the
text，the
western
black
rhinos
.
A．cannot
be
seen
in
the
wild
at
present
B．once
lived
in
most
parts
of
Africa
C．were
killed
in
a
natural
disaster
D．disappeared
in
the
early
1990s
A [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“the
western
black
rhinos
had
died
out
in
the
wild”可知，现在在野外已经无法看到西部黑犀牛了。]
6．Rhinos
are
hunted
mainly
because
．
A．they
often
come
to
attack
people
B．they
take
up
too
much
farmland
C．their
horns
can
be
made
into
drugs
D．their
blood
helps
people
prevent
disease
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Most
of
them
are
used
to
make
drugs
as
traditional
medicines
in
Asian
countries.”可知C项正确。]
7．The
underlined
word
“poaching”
in
Paragraph
4
refers
to
the
fact
that
black
rhinos
．
A．lost
the
places
where
they
lived
B．were
hunted
without
permission
C．were
killed
without
control
D．died
of
a
strange
disease
B [词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“In
fact，some
people
still
hunt
the
animals
at
the
risk
of
being
put
into
prison.”可以推知，poaching在此是指人们未经允许猎取黑犀牛这一事实。]
8．What
would
be
the
best
title
of
the
text?
A．The
rhinos
in
South
Africa
B．The
habits
of
black
rhinos
C．The
death
of
rhinos
D．Saving
black
rhinos
D [标题归纳题。“Saving
black
rhinos”作为标题可以更好地突出文章的主题，表达作者的写作意图。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Amanda
is
a
good
student
whose
favourite
subject
is
math，but
she's
facing
another
kind
of
problem：cancer.She
was
diagnosed(诊断)when
she
was
11.
1
“The
doctor
was
great
regretful
about
telling
me
what
the
disease
was
and
what
to
expect，”
she
says.“The
only
thing
that
really
got
to
me
was
when
she
said
I'd
lose
my
hair.”
Sure
enough，after
the
treatment
to
kill
the
cancer
cells，Amanda's
long
hair
began
to
fall
out.Because
she
has
very
little
hair，Amanda
notices
that
strangers
often
stare
at
her.
2
“I
still
play
with
my
friends，”
she
says，“but
we
have
to
be
more
careful
now
because
of
the
risk
of
infection(感染)．And
we
mostly
play
in
my
house.”
While
she's
being
treated，Amanda
can't
go
to
some
of
her
favourite
places
or
do
some
of
her
favourite
things.
3
She
can't
swim.She's
also
not
allowed
to
lie
in
the
sun.
For
Amanda，the
hardest
part
about
having
cancer
is
not
being
able
to
be
as
social
as
she
would
like
to
be.
4
Instead，she's
taught
privately(个人地)at
home.
Right
now，she's
making
the
most
of
her
time
at
home.She's
optimistic(乐观的)about
the
future
and
looks
forward
to
feeling
better.Meanwhile，Amanda
says
it's
important
to
let
others
know
that
she's
the
same
person
she's
always
been.“After
all，”she
says，“you
just
lose
something.
5
”
A．It
doesn't
mean
you
lose
everything.
B．But
her
friends
are
used
to
her
new
look.
C．Amanda
was
brave
when
she
heard
the
news.
D．She
can't
go
to
the
mall
or
go
to
dancing
lessons.
E．Then
she
saw
how
upset
her
parents
were
and
she
was
afraid.
F．Before
she
started
feeling
sick，she
was
just
like
all
her
friends.
G．Because
she
might
get
sick
from
the
other
children，Amanda
can't
attend
school.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了勇敢的女孩阿曼达，她身患癌症却依然坚强面对。
1．C [根据后面她说的话可知当医生告诉她病情的时候，她并没有感到非常害怕，只是提到要失去头发这件事情时，她才感到伤心，可推知她非常勇敢。故选C项。]
2．B [前面提到陌生人因为她头发少而注视她，而后面提到朋友仍然和她一起玩，可知朋友们已经习惯了她的状况。故选B项。]
3．D [前面一句说她不能去一些最喜欢的地方，也不能做一些最喜欢做的事情。空格后的一句话是在说她不能做的事情，故此处填她不能去的地方，故选D项。]
4．G [前面一句说到她不能进行正常的社交活动，接下来就要解释为什么不能进行社交活动，故选G，解释原因。]
5．A [根据前一句“你失去了一些东西”，可知接下来要说，“但是你没有失去一切”。]
6/6说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人以知识的文章，它要求语言准确简明，通俗浅显，条理清晰而又有逻辑性。需要注意的是，说明文是陈述客观事实，所以这种文体通常采用一般现在时。
[基本框架]
第一部分：简述神秘现象(什么样的神秘现象，何时何地被发现，科学家对此的解释和论据)。
第二部分：不同的看法。
第三部分：自己对这种现象的认识。
[常用词块]
1．a
series
of
attacks
一连串的袭击行为
2．muddy
footprints
on
the
kitchen
floor
厨房地板上的泥脚印
3．a
frightening
experience一次可怕的经历
4．a
reported
sighting
of
the
Loch
Ness
monster
据报道有人看见尼斯湖水怪
5．bring
sth.to
light
披露某事
6．due
to
human
error
由于人为错误
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．The
monster
of...is
back
in
the
news...……怪物……又上新闻了。
2．It
is
known
to
all
that...众所周知……
3．It
lies
in...它在于……
4．It
looks
like...它看起来像……
★丰满主体
1．Some
scientists
think
that...一些科学家认为……
2．Some
people
believe
in
its
existence，because...有些人相信它的存在，因为……
3．By
recent
research，we
can
learn
that...通过最近的研究，我们可以了解到……
4．Other
scientists
consider...其他科学家认为……
★余味结尾
1．Personally，I(don't)believe...就我个人而言，我(不)相信……
2．As
far
as
I
am
concerned，I
think...就我而言，我认为……
3．In
my
point
of
view，I
believe...在我看来，我相信……
“北美大脚怪(Bigfoot)”一直引发人们的热议。请根据所给提示写一篇短文。
出没地带
北美
怪物描述
像猿(ape)，高6－10
英尺，重约500
磅以上，全身覆盖棕色或红色毛，头和眼睛很大，脚印长达24英寸
发现情况
科学家和研究人员也找到了相关的毛发粪便(waste)以及大脚印等
结论
无其他证据证明其存在，也许是当地传说以吓唬徒步者或者猎人
注意：1.字数80字左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Bigfoot，which
was
first
seen
in
North
America，is
one
of
the
world?famous
mysteries.
Witnesses
described
it
as
an
ape?like
creature.It
was
said
to
be
6－10
feet
tall，weighing
over
500
pounds
and
was
covered
in
brown
or
red
fur
with
large
eyes
and
a
big
head.Footprints
up
to
24
inches
long
have
been
found.
Teams
of
scientists
and
researchers
who
have
gone
there
to
do
research
have
found
things
related
to
it，such
as
waste，fur
and
so
on.However，so
far
there
has
been
no
other
evidence
to
prove
its
existence.
As
far
as
I
am
concerned，I
think
it
may
be
just
folk
tales
or
stories
to
terrify
hikers
and
hunters
in
North
America.
2/3
