Module 1 Explorations and exchanges Unit 1 Great explorations 导学案(28页 无答案)
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| 名称 | Module 1 Explorations and exchanges Unit 1 Great explorations 导学案(28页 无答案) |
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9B
M1
Explorations
and
exchanges
Unit
1
Great
explorations
1.
explore
[?k?spl?:]
探测；探险；考察；探究
?exploration
[?ekspl??re??n]
探测；探险；探索；勘探
?exploratory
[?k?spl?r?tri]
勘探的；探索的
?explorer
[?k?spl?:r?]
勘探者；考察者；探险者
△
a
famous
explorer一个著名的探险家P1
△
being
a
new
age
of
exploring
开启了一个探索的新时代/纪元
P4
△
great
explorations
伟大的探索/险
P1
△
explore
for
oil
勘探石油
△
exploration
stage
探究阶段
△
space
exploration
外层空间探索
△
field
exploration
野外勘探
△
exploration
survey
勘探
△
exploratory
research
探索性研究
e.g.
①They
were
exploring
the
Amazon
jungle.
他们正对亚马逊森林进行勘察。
②The
exploring
team
explored
a
trackless
wilderness.
考察队勘探了一片人迹罕至的荒野。
③We
must
explore
all
the
possibilities.
我们必须探讨所有的可能性。
④It
is
necessary
to
explore
this
matter
in
more
detail.
有必要更为详细地对这件事进行探讨。
※辨析
explore，hunt，search，seek（都有寻找，搜索的意思）
explore：指对未知事物或新生事物的探索、观察与研究。
seek：
指对崇高目的或抽象事物的追求或向往。
search
指搜寻具体的人或某一具体事物。
hunt
hunt更含有急切的意味，也常指无结果地寻找。
2.
exchange
[?ks?t?e?nd?]
交换；交易所；兑换；交战
交换；兑换
?exchangeable
[?ks?t?e?nd??bl]
可交换的；可兑换的；可替换的
△
in
exchange
for
交换
△
exchange
Christmas
gifts
互赠圣诞礼物
△
an
educational
exchange
一次教育互访
△
exchange
by?
用?换
△
exchange?for?
把?换成?
△
exchange
with?
和?交换
e.g.
①She
works
at
the
Stock
Exchange.
她在证券交易所工作。
②I
exchanged
the
goods
for
cash.
我拿这些货换钱。
③The
two
armies
exchanged
prisoners.
作战双方交换战俘。
④They
exchanged
experiences
at
the
meeting.
他们在会上交流经验。
⑤He
gave
me
an
apple
in
exchange
of
an
orange.
他给我一个苹果，交换一个橙子。
⑥Sale
goods
in
this
shop
are
not
exchangeable.
本店货物售出概不退换。
⑦A
check
is
exchangeable
for
cash.
支票可交换现金。
△
the
exchange
of
cultures
and
technologies.
文化和技术交流P2
3.
achieve
[??t?i:v]
完成；达到；实现
?
achievement
[??t?i:vm?nt]
成就；成绩；完成；达成
（指目的）可完成的；可达成的
△
their
great
achievements
他们的伟大成就P1
△
achieve
one’s
aim/goal
达到某人的目的
△
achieve
success
获得成功
△
acdemic
achievements
学术成就
△
carry
forward
one’s
achievement
发扬某人的成绩
e.g.
However,
his
voyages
were
such
a
huge
achievement
that?P3
e.g.
①Work
hard,
and
you
will
achieve
your
goal.
好好干，你就会达到自己的目标。
②You
will
achieve
your
ambition
if
you
work
hard.
如果你努力，你的抱负就会实现。
③Effort
and
achievement
are
always
in
full
accord.
努力和成就总是相辅相成的。
④I
felt
a
great
sense
of
achievement
when
I
reached
the
top
of
the
mountain.
当我到达山顶的时候，我有一种巨大的成就感。
⑤Flying
across
the
Atlantic
for
the
first
time
was
a
great
achievement.
首次飞跃大西洋是一项了不起的业绩。
⑥That
task
is
impossible
of
achievement.
那项任务不可能完成。
※achieve，arrive，reach，attain，辨析（到达）
achieve
侧重为达到目的所需的技巧、忍耐和努力
arrive
指得出结论，达成某项协议或作出某一决定
reach
指达到某一空间、时间、目标或发展过程中的某一点
attain
侧重指在抱负或雄心的激励下，以最大的努力去达到一般所不及或不敢追求的目
的
4.
voyage
[?v???d?]
航行，旅行
?
voyager
[?v???d??]
航行者；航海者
△
the
voyages
of
Zheng
He.
郑和的航行
P1
△
on
the
first
of
seven
great
voyages.
七大航行中的首航
P3
△
take/make/go
on
a
voyage
出航
△
round
voyage
往返航程
△
voyage
to
?
到?航行
△
voyage
from
?to?
从?到?的航程
△
voyage
across
the
ocean
横跨大洋的航行
△
bon
voyage
[?b?nv???a:z]
一路平安
Zheng
He
died
in
1433
during
his
last
voyage.
P3
e.g.
①In
1405,
he
set
off
from
China
on
the
first
of
seven
great
voyage.
P3
②A
great
fleet
of
these
were
built
for
the
great
voyage.
P5
③In
1519,
he
led
the
first
voyage
to
sail
around
the
world.
P16
④She
went
on
a
long
sea
voyage.
⑤These
voyage
lost
their
way
after
the
storm.
※辨析
voyage，journey，tour，travel，trip
voyage：指水上旅行，尤指海上旅行，也可指空中旅行。
journey：最普通用词，侧重指时间长，距离远的单程陆上旅行，也可指水上、空中旅
行。
tour：指最后返回出发地，途中有停留游览点，距离可长可短，目的各异的周游或巡行。
travel：泛指旅行的行为而不指某次具体的旅行，多指到远方长期旅行，不强调直接目
的地。单、复数均可。
trip：普通用词，多用口语，常指为公务或游玩作的短暂旅行。
5.
silk
[s?lk]
丝，绸
?silky
丝制的；像丝一样柔滑的；温和的（silkier，silkiest）
?silkily
丝制地
?silken
[?s?lk?n]
丝绸的；绸制的；柔软的
△
the
Silk
Road
丝绸之路
P1
e.g.
①When
was
the
Silk
Road
started?
P6
②His
_______
helped
lead
to
the
development
of
the
Silk
Road.
P6
③She
was
dressed
in
silk.
6.
result
[r??z?lt]
结果；成果；成绩；（足球赛）赢
产生；致使
?resultful
[r??z?ltf?l]
有结果的；有效果的；有效的
△
adverbial
clauses
of
result.
结果状语从句
P1
△
result
in
?
导致；结果是?；以?为结局
△
result
from?
产生于?；由?引起
△
result
in
success/failure
终于成功/导致失败
△
result
in
death
致死
△
lead
to
the
result
of?
导致?的结果
△
as
a
result
因此，所以
as
a
result
of
?
作为?的结果
=due
to
=
because
of
=by
the
reason
of
△
in
result
结局
(山东中考)
A
“Workaholic”
works
too
much
and
usually
forgets
to
have
meals
and
go
to
bed
__________
,he
doesn’t
have
good
health.
A.
As
a
matter
of
fact
B.
As
a
whole
C.
As
a
result
D.
As
a
rule
e.g.
①He
was
late
as
a
result
of
the
snow.
②As
a
result,
he
was
late.
(武汉中考)
—Bill
is
ill.
Do
you
know
what’s
wrong
with
him?
—Poor
boy.
His
illness
is
the
_________
of
eating
unhealthy
food.
A.
result
B.
cause
C.
reason
D.
end
7.
enough
[??n?f]
足够的
足够
足够地；充分地；相当；尚
△
?enough
to
do
sth
足够?去做?
P9
△
enough
time
足够的时间
△
quite
enough
十分充足
△
enough
for?
对?足够的
△
enough
of?
对?厌烦的
e.g.
①The
ships
were
big
enough
to
carry
25,000
people
as
well
as
very
large
quantities
of
goods.
P9
②I’ve
had
enough
of
that.
我真受够了。
(新疆)
The
boy
read
the
article
________
and
found
something
important
in
it.
A.
careful
enough
B.
carefully
enough
C.
enough
careful
D.
enough
carefully
8.
repetition
[?rep??t??n]
重复
?repetitive
[r??pet?t?v]
重复的
△
ask
for
repetition
要求重复
P1
△
avoid
a
repetition
避免重复
e.g.
①We
must
avoid
the
repetition
of
a
mistake.
我们必须避免犯同样的错误。
②You
should
avoid
unnecessary
repetition.
③He
doesn’t
have
the
patience
for
repetitive
work.
他没有耐心做重复的工作。
repeat
9.
famous
[?fe?m?s]
著名的
?famously
著名地
△
be
famous/well-known
for?
因?而著名
as?
作为?而著名
△
a
famous
explorer
P1
△
a
famous
travel
writer
P1
e.g.
①Who
was
Marco
Polo
and
what
was
he
famous
for？
P13
②QuYuan
was
famous
for
his
poems.
③Qu
Yuan
was
famous
as
a
poet.
（上海）Many
sports
players
became
well-known
after
they
joined
in
the
Beijing
Olympic
Games.
The
underlined
part
means
“________”.
A.
rich
B.
strong
C.
lucky
D.
famous
（南京）Hangzhou
is
famous________
producing
silk
in
China.
A.
from
B.
at
C.
in
D.
for
10.
travel
[?tr?vl]
旅行；移动
旅行；去某地（travelled，travelled）
?
traveller
旅行者
?
travelling
旅行的；旅行用的
?
travelled
有旅行经验的
△
travel
to
sp
去?旅行
in
sp
在?旅行
from
?
to?
从?到?旅行
round/around
sp
环绕?旅行
△
travel
light
轻装旅行P1
△
a
famous
travel
writer
一位著名的旅行作家
P1
△
travel
to
China
去中国旅行
P2
△
travel
into
space
去太空旅行
P2
△
travel
alone
独自旅行
P9
△
travel
for
运游
P9
△
a
travel
company
一家旅行社
P11
△
a
small
statue
of
a
traveller
一个旅行者的小雕像
P13
△
the
stories
of
his
travels
他的游记故事
P13
△
The
Travels
of
Marco
Polo
马可波罗行记
P13
△
travel
many
miles
行好几英里的路
+
距离
（中考江西）I
_______
to
Cape
Town
so
I
know
nothing
about
it.
A.
don’t
travel
B.
won’t
travel
C.
haven’t
traveled
D.
hadn’t
traveled
e.g.
He
travelled
to
China
and
wrote
a
book
about
his
travels.
P2
（上海）While
we
(travel)
in
Australia
last
summer，I
visited
Lucy
who
once
taught
English
in
our
school.
（莱芜中考）Those
(travel)
are
enjoying
the
sunrise.
11.
open
[???p?n]
公开；户外
开，打开（瞬间动词?延续性：be
open）
开着的
?
openly
公开地；公然地；直率地
?
opening
开口；开始；开幕；空缺
开头的
?
opener
开启工具
?
openness
直率；公开；开放；空旷
△
open
up
开发；展现；开放；揭露；打开；开办；开辟
△
open
up
the
New
World
—
the
American
continents
—
to
Europe.
P2
开辟美洲通往欧洲的新世界
△
open
up
Central
Asia
to
China.
P2
开放中亚向中国
△
Open
Day
开放日
△
in
the
open
air
在室外；在露天里
△
celebrate
the
opening
庆祝开幕
△
offer
an
opening
提供机会
△
opening
at?
?地方有空缺
△
opening
for?
?职位的空缺
△
opening
ceremony
开幕典礼
△
opening
time
营业时间；开放时间
e.g.
His
travels
to
the
west
of
China
helped
open
up
Central
Asia
to
China.
P2
（黄冈中考）-So
hot
in
the
classroom.
Would
you
mind
_______
the
windows？
-OK.
I’ll
do
it
right
now.
A.
not
closing
B.
not
opening
C.
closing
D
opening
（辽宁中考）We
are
pleased
that
more
and
more
people
want
to
_______
factories
in
Liaoning.
A.
look
up
B.
clean
up
C.
pick
up
D.
open
up
12.
Atlantic
[?t'l?nt?k]
大西洋的
大西洋
△
the
Atlantic
(Ocean)
大西洋
P2
e.g.
①His
voyages
across
the
Atlantic
opened
up
the
New
World—
the
American
continents
to
Europe.
P2
②The
Atlantic
Ocean
is
the
second
largest
ocean
四大洋：1）太平洋：the
Pacific
Ocean
2）大西洋：the
Atlantic
Ocean
3）印度洋：the
Indian
Ocean
4）北冰洋：the
Arctic
Ocean
13.
centre
中心；中央
→
centric
中心的；中央的.
→
centred
冷静的；理智的；在中心的；居中的
→
central
主要的；中心的；中央的
→
centrally
在中心；主要地
△
central
Asia
中亚
P2
△
political/cultural/economic
centre
政治/文化/经济中心
△
in
the
centre
of
?
在?的中心
△
be
central
to?
对?重要
e.g.
①
Such
values
are
central
to
our
way
of
life.
这些价值对我们的生活方式是至关重要的。
e.g.
②
Tian’anmen
Square
is
in
the
centre
of
Beijing.
14.
continent
[?k?nt?n?nt]
大陆
→
continental
[?k?nt??nentl]
大陆的；欧洲大陆的
→
continentally
大陆地
△
the
American
continents
美洲大陆
P2
e.g.
①
There
are
seven
continents
in
the
world.
②
The
discovery
of
the
continent
is
usually
referred
to
Columbus.
人们通常认为新大陆
是哥伦布发现的。
15.
effect
[??fekt]
作用；效果
使生产；引起
→
effective
有效的；生效的
?
ineffective
无效的
→
effectively
有效地；事实上
→
effectiveness
有效性；效力
△
have
an
effect
on?
对?有效果/影响
P2
have
effects
on?
=have
an
influence
on?
△
in
effect
在实施；实际上
△
come
into
effect
开始实行；生效
△
take
effect
实施；奏效
△
the
effect
of
?
?的影响
e.g.
①
What
effects
did
his
trip
have
on
China
and
the
world？P2
②
He
is
blind
to
the
effect
of
his
actions.
③
The
new
law
will
have
an
effect
on
all
of
us.
16.
set
[set]
放置；设定（set，set）
一套；组合
规定的；不变的；固定的
△
set
up
建立；创立；使?开业
P2=establish
△
set
off/out
出发；动身
△
set
sail
启航
P3
=start
off/out
△
set
by
搁在一边
△
set
down
放下；记下
△
a
set
of
furniture
一套家具
e.g.
They
set
up
trade
routes
between
China
and
other
countries.
P2
（南充中考）They
are
going
to
_______
a
hospital
to
help
poor
people.
A.
write
down
B.
hand
out
C.
set
up
17.
trade
交易；贸易；行业
用
交换；做生意
→
trader
商人；商船
→
trademark
商标；特点
△
trade
routes
商路P2
△
trade
secret
商业秘密
△
open
up
trade
开发贸易
△
trade?for?
用?换?
△
trade
with?
和?做生意
e.g.
①
They
set
up
trade
routes
between
China
and
other
countries.
P2
②
He
is
in
trade.
他在经商。
③
She
made
a
good
trade.
她做了一笔好生意。
④
They
were
persuade
to
trade
information.
他们被说服出卖情报。
⑤
China
does
a
lot
of
trade
with
many
countries.
⑥
My
deskmate
wanted
to
trade
his
pen
for
my
book.
18.
still
[st?l]
不动的；平静的
仍然；还
使?平静下来
蒸馏器；寂静；定格照
△
stand
still
站着不动
e.g.
His
travels
were
so
important
that
they
are
still
studied
today.
P3
19.
important
重要
importance
重要性
△
be
important
to?
对?重要
△
be
of
importance=
be
important
重要的
e.g.
①
This
matter
is
of
great
importance
to
us.
②
He
has
made
an
important
contribution
to
the
company’s
success.
（东营中考）It
is
a
pity
that
there
are
a
lot
of
people
who
do
not
know
the
(重要)
of
time.
（山东中考）It
is
not
importance_______
whether
you
fail
or
succeed
in
the
game.
The
point
is
that
you
take
part
in
it
and
enjoy
it.
A.
necessary
B.
important
C.
true
D.
right
20.
discover
[d??sk?v?]
发现
→
discovery
发现
△
on
his
journey
of
discovery
to
America.
在他去美洲的发现之旅
e.g.
This
was
nearly
a
century
before
Christopher
Columbus
first
set
sail
on
his
journey
of
discovery
to
America.
P3
（泰安中考）The
dinosaur
with
feathers
_______
in
Liaoning
Province.
A.
was
found
B.
was
founded
C.
was
invented
D.
was
discovered
※
辨析
discover，find，find
out，invent，look
for
discover：指发现或偶然发现原来就存在，但一直未被认识的东西。
look
for：寻找，指寻找的动作和过程。
find：指寻找的结果，即“找到”，非延续性动词，不如discover正式。
find
out：“找出”指经过观察、调察把某事、某物查出来，搞清楚，弄明白。多用于复杂
而不易直接查出来的情况。
invent：指发明原来不存在的东西，有时也可指虚构、捏造。
Exx：①
Whilhelm
Roentgen
X
rays.
②
He
was
amazed
to
her
there.
③
Let’s
try
and
What’s
at
the
back
of
this
problem.
④
What
the
steam
engine.
⑤
She
ran
across
some
old
letters
when
she
was
something
else.
21.
rise
[ra?z]
上升；起床（rose，risen）=go
up
上涨；小山；兴起
?
fall
e.g.
①
He
rose
to
become
a
trusted
official
of
the
Yongle
Emperor
of
the
Ming
Dynasty.
P3
②
The
sun
rises
behind
the
mountain
in
the
morning.
22.
trust
[tr?st]
信任；信托
相信，委托
信任
→
trusty
可信任的
trusted
可信的，受信任的
可信赖的人；受优待的囚犯
→
trustily
忠实地；诚实地
→
trusting
相信的；信任的
→
trustful
容易信任别人的
→
trustfully
容易信任别人地
trust
sb
△
trust
in?
信任?
=believe
in
sb
△
trust
each
other
相互信任
e.g.
①He
rose
to
become
a
trusted
official
of
the
Yongle
Emperor
of
the
Ming
Dynasty.
P3
②He
is
a
reliable
person，so
we
can
trust
him.
23.
official
[??f??l]
官员
官方的；正式的
→
officially
官方地；正式地
?
unofficially
△
a
trusted
official
一个受信赖的官员。
e.g.
The
President
and
the
secretary
of
state
are
government
officials.
24.
order
[??:d?]
顺序；命令；订购
命令；订购
→
orderly
有秩序的；整齐的
→
ordered
有序的；整齐的
△
order
sth
订购某物
sb
to
do
sth
命令某人去做某事
△
in
order
整齐；按顺序
△
out
of
order
无次序的
△
on
order
定购中
△
in
order
to
do
sth
为了?
=so
as
to
do
sth
that
that
注：当so
as
to?表“以致于”引导结果状从时，则不能与in
order
to
转
△
in/of
the
order
of?
大约
△
put
?
in
the
?
order
以?顺序排列
e.g.
The
emperor
ordered
Zheng
He
to
visit
and
explore
the
lands
outside
China.
P3
（武汉）-Hurry
up，Jack！
-Just
give
me
five
minutes
to
put
my
desk
in
_______.
A.
time
B.
line
C.
order
D.
shape
（云南）-The
food
here
is
very
nice.
I’m
rather
hungry.
-Then
let’s
go
in
and
________
right
now.
A.
pay
the
bill
B.
order
something
C.
have
a
picnic
D.
have
a
drink
25.
develop
[d??vel?p]
发展；开发；改进，研制；养成...习惯；增强，加强
→
developer
开发者，发展商
→
development
发展；新事态；发展壮大
→
developing
发展中的
→
developed
发达的；成熟的
△
develop
relations
发展关系
P3
△
develop
into
发展成
△
developing
country
发展中国家
△
developed
country
发达国家
e.g.
His
task
was
to
develop
relations
and
set
up
trade
routes
with
foreign
countries.
（福州中考）Thanks
to
our
government，the
area
on
the
west
coast
of
Taiwan
Strait
are
_______
rapidly.
A.
develop
B.
developed
C.
developing
D.
development
（上海中考）Mr
Chen
was
surprised
to
see
the
fast
（develop）in
Shanghai
after
his
long
absence
from
the
city.
26.
relation
[r??le??n]
联系；交往；关系
亲属；家属
→
relationship
关系
△
develop
relations
P3
△
have
relation
to?
和?有关
△
the
relationship
between
?
and
?
?和?之间的关系
e.g.
①
This
report
has
relation
to
agriculture
②
We’d
like
to
visit
our
friends
and
close
relations.
27.
fleet
舰队；机群
快速的；敏捷的；短暂的
使（时间）飞逝
疾飞；掠过；逐渐消失
→
fleetly
快速地
△
a
fleet
of
?
一队?
△
build
a
great
fleet
of
ships
建造一个大舰队
e.g.
In
a
few
years，he
built
a
great
fleet
of
ships，the
biggest
in
the
world
at
that
time.
P3
28.
treasure
珍宝；宝藏
珍惜；珍视
△
treasure
ship
宝船
P3
e.g.
①
The
ships
were
known
as
treasure
ships.
P3
②
The
gallery
has
many
wonderful
art
treasures.
29.
know
了解；知道（knew，known）
知情
→
known
已知的；有名的
→
knowing
会意的；心照不宣的
知晓；了解
→
knowing
故意地；会意地
→
knowledge
知识
△
be
known
as?
以?著称
be
known
for?
因?而众所周知
be
known
to?
为某人所熟知
make
oneself
known
to?
对?做自我介绍
e.g.
①
The
ships
were
known
as
treasure
ship.
P3
②
The
place
is
known
for
its
handicraft
products.
③
He
was
known
to
be
a
young
man
with
lofty
ideals.
④
It
is
common
knowledge
that
computers
are
super
calculators.
（南京中考）-Did
Mrs
King
leave
a
message？
-Yes.
She
wanted
to
know
_______
this
Sunday.
A.
who
you
would
go
shopping
B.
if
you
would
go
shopping
with
her
C.
that
you
will
go
shopping
D.
when
will
you
go
shopping
with
her
（黄冈）Excuse
me，may
I
have
your
name，please？
A.
call
B.
get
C.
hear
D.
know
30.
as
well
as
①“还”
②
和?一样好
①
意为“还”
as
well
as
谓动就远=
and=
besides=
in
addition
to
not
only
but
also
谓动就近
e.g.
1）They
were
big
enough
to
carry
25,000
people
as
well
as
very
large
quantities
of
goods.
P3
2）Your
wife
as
well
as
you
is
friendly
to
me.
=Not
only
you
but
also
your
wife
is
friendly
to
me.
②
意为“和
一样好”
1）You
look
as
well
as
you
did
ten
years
ago.
2）He
plays
the
guitar
as
well
as
you.
31.
quantity
[?kw?nt?ti]
量；数量，大量
△
a
quantity
of
+
pl，谓复
谓单
△
quantities
of
+
pl
谓复
△
in
quantity
数量上
△
in
great
quantity
大量
e.g.
Great
quantities
of
fish
are
caught.
32.
seen
[v.]
似乎；好像（不用于进行时）
（1）seem（半系）+表语
（2）△
seem
like?
似乎?
△
seem
to
do?
好像?
that
（3）it
seems
that
看样子
as
if
似乎；好像
e.g.
①
It
seemed
that
nowhere
was
too
far
for
him
to
visit.
P3
②
That
seems（like）a
good
idea
to
me.
③
There
seems
to
be
a
problem
of
some
kind.
④
It
seems
as
if
there
will
be
an
election
soon.
⑤
It
seems
that
he
has
forgotten
the
key.
⑥
It
seems
to
me
that
it’s
a
waste
of
time.
（沈阳中考）This
week，the
weather
______
to
change
every
day：One
day
is
hot，the
next
is
cold.
A.
seems
B.
looks
C.
sounds
D.
feels
（安徽）-Long
time
no
see！
-Oh，it
_______
like
years
since
I
last
saw
you.
A.
looks
B.
seems
C.
feels
D.
sounds
33.
nowhere
[?n??we?]
无处
任何地方都不
△
nowhere
near
=
far
from
=
certainly
not
绝不；差得远；远不及
e.g.
The
hall
was
nowhere
near
full.
那大厅远未满座
I
have
nowhere
to
seat
34.
allow
允许；同意
allowance
考虑到；允许
△
an
allowance
of
△
allow
sth
允许某事
doing
sth
允许做某事
sb
to
do
sth
允许某人去做某事
for
考虑到?
△
be
allowed
to
do
sth
e.g.
①
These
voyages
allowed
China
to
trade
valuable
goods
like
gold，silver
and
silk.
P3
②
It
will
take
you
half
an
hour
to
get
to
the
station，allowing
for
traffic
delays.
考虑到路上的耽搁（时间），你要用半小时到车站。
（南宁）-Dad，can
we
bring
the
dog
with
us
to
the
theater？
-Sorry，Pets
_______
to
enter.
A.
are
allowed
B.
are
asked
C.
aren’t
allowed
D.
aren’t
asked
（青岛）Students
_______
slippers
when
they
are
at
school.
A.
don’t
allow
to
wear
B.
are
not
allowed
to
wear
C.
are
not
allowed
to
put
on
D.
are
not
allowed
wearing
35.
besides
此外；而且
除?以外，还有=
in
addition
to
=
as
well
as
?
e.g.
Besides
developing
trade，the
voyages
also
encouraged
the
exchange
of
cultures
and
technologies.
P3
※
辨析：besides，except，except
for，but
besides：除?之外，还有，具有附加性，可放句首
except：除?之外，排除性
放句中
except
for：除了?；（美中不足）（从属修正）可放句首
but：除了?
同except
放句中
注：①
当前有整体概念如all时，except与except
for
可互换
②
含except的句子，谓动适用就远原则
③
当besides用于否定句中时，可与except，but互换
另：apart
from：既可表排除，又可表补充
e.g.
①
Tea
is
the
most
popular
drink
in
the
world
water.
②
We
also
went
to
see
the
film
Tom.（Tom也去了）
③
We
all
went
to
see
the
film
Tom.（Tom没去）
④
The
composition
is
very
good
a
few
spelling
mistakes.
⑤
We
have
no
other
books
these.
（山东）-How
much
will
you
be
paid？
-Judy，I
don’t
do
it
for
money，but
for
experience.
_______
,
it’s
voluntary（志愿的）
work.
A.
However
B.
Besides
C.
Finally
D.
Possibly
（杭州）It’s
too
late
to
go
out
now
and
_______
,
it’s
starting
to
rain.
A.
though
B.
besides
C.
however
D.
instead
36.
encourage
鼓励
→
encouragement
鼓励
△
encourage
sb
to
do
sth
鼓励某人去做某事
e.g.
We
encouraged
him
to
go
to
university.
（南京中考）I’m
very
grateful
to
my
English
teacher.
He
（courage）me
when
I
almost
gave
up
English.
37.
region
地区；区域
zone由于本身具有某些特殊性而被划分为地带、特区
→
regional
奇异的地区风俗
△
the
special
economic
zone
of
Shenzhen
→
regionally
奇异的地区风俗地
△
temperate
zone
△
in
the
region
of
?
大约，=about
e.g.
①
Snow
is
expected
in
southern
regions.
南部地区预料会下雪。
②
It
will
cost
in
the
region
of
?200.
这要花费大约200英镑。
area
可大可小，没有固定界限
region
较大的行政区域，自然地理上有天然界限，有某种特色的自然地域.
HongKong
Special
Administrative
Region
district
行政区域
38.
pioneer
先锋；拓荒者
开辟；创始
e.g.
However，his
voyages
were
such
a
huge
achievement
that
people
still
remember
him
as
a
pioneer
in
opening
up
cultural
contacts
between
different
peoples
around
the
world.
39.
contact
[?k?nt?kt]
联系；联络；熟人；（电路）接触点
联系
[k?n?t?kt]
接触的
△
make
contact
with
?
和
?
取得联系
△
be
in
contact
with
?
与?联系
△
contact
sb
about
sth
与某人联系某事
△
cultural
contacts
文化联系
P3
e.g.
①
I
finally
made
contact
with
her
in
Paris.
②
She
suffers
from
a
contact
skin
rash.
她患上了一种接触性传染性皮疹.
40.
process
过程；变化；步骤
[?pr??ses]
加工；处理
→
procession
[pr??se?n]
行列；队列行进
△
in
the
process
正在进行（某事）的时候
△
be
in
the
process
of
?
在做（某事）的过程中
△
process
of
finding
发现的过程.
e.g.
①
Coal
was
formed
out
of
dead
forests
by
chemical
process.
②
We
are
now
in
the
process
of
moving
the
machines
to
a
new
factory.
41.
own
[??n]
属于自己的
拥有=have=possess
→
owner
物主；所有人
△
on
one’s
own
独自地；独立地；靠自己
=by
oneself
=alone
△
of
one’s
own
某人自己的
△
own
to
坦白承认
up
e.g.
①
I’d
love
to
have
my
own
house.
②
Children
need
toys
of
their
own.
③
He
would
not
own
to
knowing
those
persons.
他不愿承认认识那些人。
④
The
owner
of
the
restaurant
is
an
oversea
Chinese.
42.
wealth
[welθ]
贵重物品
财富；大量
→
wealthy
富有的（wealthier，wealthiest）
△
a
wealth
of
e.g.
To
look
for
wealth.
P6
Nigeria
was
comparatively
wealthy
in
those
days.
43.
leader
领导者
lead
[li:d]
给（某人）指路；领导；通往；领先；过?生活（led，led）
领先地位；模范；模样
铅
△
lead
to
sth
引起；导致
△
lead
sb
to
do
sth
说服某人去做某事
△
lead
the
way
带路；领先
△
lead
a
?
life
过?的生活
△
lead
to
the
development
of
the
Silk
Road.
P6
△
lead
sb
to
sp.
带某人去某地
e.g.
①She
led
me
to
her
office
②
England
were
leading
1-0
at
half
time.
上半场英格兰队以1:0领先
③
The
strike
could
lead
to
a
loss
of
jobs.
罢工可能会导致失业。
④
What
led
you
to
resign？什么事使你辞职？
⑤
The
tourist
guide
led
the
way
to
the
museum.
⑥
Choose
a
group
leader
among
yourselves.
44.
spread
伸展；张开；分布；传播（spread，spread）
传播；范围；涂食物的酱
△
spread
out
传播开
△
spread
from
?to?
从?传到?
△
spread
on?
在?上涂
△
spread
over
传遍；遍布；延续
△
spread
to
?
蔓延到
△
spread
with?
用?涂
e.g.
①
They
also
helped
spread
knowledge.
P6
②
The
radio
spread
the
news
as
soon
as
the
accident
happened.
③
She
spread
the
bread
with
butter.
45.
pass
经过；穿过；路过；递给；（时间）消逝；通过
考试及格；许可证
△
pass
sb
sth
pass
sth
to
sb
△
pass
away
去世
△
pass
by
经过；走过
△
pass
off
停止
△
pass
on
①过世（vi）②将?传给别人（vt.）；传递
△
pass
over
忽视
△
pass
out
昏过去
△
pass
through
穿过
P7
△
pass
an
exam
通过考试
?
fail
an
exam
e.g.
①
It
passed
through
many
countries.
P7
②
We
passed
through
Germany
on
our
way
to
Austria.
③
I
looked
at
the
photograph
then
passed
it
to
Jane.
④
She
waved
as
she
pass
by.
（武汉）-Did
James
speak
to
you
this
morning？
-No，he
________
me,
but
he
didn’t
notice
me.
A.
passed
B.
saw
C.
greeted
D.
knocked
（云南）No
one
can
feel
that
time
________,
but
everyone
can
feel
that
time
has
passed.
A.
is
passing
B.
has
passed
C.
had
passed
D.
was
passing
46.
past
过去的
经过
经过?
过去
e.g.
①
Things
have
got
much
worse
in
the
past
few
years.
②
We
drive
past
the
house.
③
He
didn’t
stop
–
he
just
walked
straight
past.
（潍坊中考）Last
week
when
she
walked
_______
the
lake，she
saw
someone
______
in
it.
A.
passed,
swim
B.
passed,
swimming
C.
past,
swim
D.
past,
swimming
47.
hand
手；指针
递给
△
hand
sb
sth
△
at
hand
在手边
=hand
sth
to
sb
△
hand
in
上交
△
hand
out
分发
△
hand
in
hand
手拉手
△
give
a
hand
to
sb=
give
sb
a
hand
帮助某人
△
hand
down
传下来
△
by
hand
用手
e.g.
①
She
told
us
to
hand
in
our
homework
on
Friday.
P8
②
She
handed
the
letter
to
John.
（潍坊）-Boys
and
girls！Please
_________
your
compositions
after
class.
-Oh，my
god！I
_________
it
at
home.
A.hand
in；forgot
B.
hand
in；left
C.
hand
out；forgot
D.
hand
out；left
（安徽）Brain
is
so
kind
that
he
often
gives
me
a
______
when
I’m
in
trouble.
A.
reply
B.
seat
C.
hand
D.
reason
48.
alone
独自的；孤独的
独自地；孤独地=
by
oneself=
on
one’s
own
△
travel
alone
独自旅行
P9
e.g.
①
He
lives
alone.
②
I
was
alone
in
the
room
※
辨析
alone，lonely，lone
alone：普通用词，指独自一人的状态，有时含孤寂之意（/）
可作后置定语或表语
强调客观事实
lonely：“孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的，人迹罕至的”（）
含“渴望和他人在一起”的意味。可定可表.
强调主观感受
lone：“孤单的；唯一的；单独的”较文雅，可与lonely互换（）
（包头）You
can
_______
ask
the
old
man
to
move
away
because
he
has
lived
here
_______
for
10
years.
A.
hard；lonely
B.
hard；alone
C.
hardly；lonely
D.
hardly；alone
（福州）You’d
better
not
leave
the
baby
at
home
by
oneself
A.
lonely
B.
alone
C.
awake
D.
asleep
49.
beg
乞讨；恳求（begged，begged）
→
beggar
乞丐
使贫穷
△
beg
for
sth
乞讨，祈求
△
beg
sb
to
do
sth
e.g.
①
I
beg
your
pardon.
P10
ask
for
repetition
②
Could
I
beg
a
favour
of
you？能求你帮个助吗？
③
He
begged
me
to
stay
他恳求我留下。
50.
pardon
[?pɑ:dn]
原谅；赦免
△
ask
for
pardon
请求shem
△
pardon
one’s
crime
赦免某人的罪
e.g.
①
I
do
beg
your
pardon.
②
Pardon
my
strong
language，please.
请原谅我说了激烈的话。
51.
miss
未赶上；想念；发觉（某物）遗失
小姐（对未婚女士的称呼）
→
missing
失踪的；失去的；漏掉的
△
miss
out
遗漏；略去；错过机会
△
miss
sth/doing
sth
错过?
e.g.
①
I
missed
the
History
lesson
today.
P10
②
He
arrived
too
late
and
missed
the
train.
③
I
don’t
want
to
miss
seeing
that
play
on
TV
tonight.
④
You
have
missed
out
two
important
points
in
your
report.
⑤
You’re
the
one
who
will
miss
out
if
you
don’t
come.
⑥
Police
are
climbing
the
woods
for
the
missing
children.
（江西）Go
along
the
street.
The
museum
is
on
your
right.
You
can’t
______
it.
A.
make
B.
find
C.
miss
D.
fail
（河南）Jack
_______
the
8:30
train
and
he
had
to
wait
for
the
next
one.
A.
missed
B.
lost
C.
caught
D.
took
52.
catch
[k?t?]
接球；捕获；挂钩
抓住；发现；赶上；患（病）；卡住
（caught，caught）
△
catch
up
with?
赶上?
△
be
caught
up
in?
卷入?
△
catch
one’s
attention
突然引起某人注意
△
catch
one’s
eye
引起某人注意
△
catch
sight
of
看见
△
catch
one’s
imagination
促发某人的想象力
△
not
catch
sth
未听清楚
△
catch
a
cold
患感冒
△
catch
fire
开始燃烧
e.g.
①
Sorry，I
didn’t
quite
catch
you.
P10
②
The
dog
catch
the
ball
in
his
mouth.
③
Hurry
up！We’ve
got
a
train
to
catch.
④
We
are
catching
up
with
Japan
in
industrial
production.
我们在追赶日本的工业生产力。
（河北）Be
quick！We
must
catch
the
early
bus.
A.
be
in
time
for
B.
hold
C.
have
D.
get
on
53.
△（1）think
of?
P10
①
想出=think?
up=come
up
with?
②
考虑关于=think
about
③
想起
④
认为
△（2）think
?
over
仔细考虑
△（3）think
?
through
考虑（某事）的各方面细节
e.g.
What
do
you
think
of
this
person？
P10
What
do
you
think
of?
？
=How
do
you
like?
？
你认为
?
怎么样？
=What
do
you
like
about?
？
※辨析：think，believe，imagine，realize
think：指想或思索，普通用词，按自己的意见由反复思考而作出判断或得出结论。
believe：根据一定证据，经思考后而认为属实。
imagine：想像，强调形象的思维（清晰、明确）。
realize：指领悟，通过生动的构思或想象从而抓住事物的本质。
※同义句：①I
think
it
to
be
a
good
book.
=②I
think
it
a
good
book
=③I
think
it
is
a
good
book
=④I
think
that
it
is
a
good
book
※考点：当think，believe，suppose等词引导宾从时，变反意疑问句时要注意：
1.
当主句主语为第一人称，肯否看主句；疑问词及反问主语与宾从一致。
2.
当主句主语为其他人称，肯否看主句，疑问词及反问主语与主句一致。
Exx：1）I
don’t
think
she
can
finish
the
work
herself，can
she？
2）She
doesn’t
think
Tom
is
a
good
boy，does
she？
（山西）The
computer
is
much
too
expensive，I’ll
_______
it.
A.
talk
about
B.
think
of
C.
think
about
D.
say
about
（长春）-I
think
MaLin
will
win
the
next
World
Cup.
-
______.
I
think
Wang
Hao
will
be
the
winner.
A.
I
hope
so
B.
I
don’t
think
so
C.
It’s
a
pity
D.
It
doesn’t
matter.
54.
brief
[bri:f]
短暂的；简洁的
指示
给?指示；为?提供信息
→
briefly
简短地
→
briefing
简要情况
△
make
a
brief
introduction
作一个简短的介绍.
P10
△
in
brief
简言之
e.g.
①
Here
is
the
news
in
brief.
②
In
the
beginning，the
teacher
gave
us
a
brief
introduction
about
the
subject.
55.
person
人
→
personal
个人的
→
personally
就自己而言
→
personality
个性；名人；特色
△
his
personal
information
他的个人信息
P10
△
in
person
亲自，本人=
personally
△
in
the
person
of
以?资格，代表
△
person
of
importance
重要人物
△
person
with
normal
ideas
思维正常的人
e.g.
①
The
winner
will
be
there
in
person
to
collect
the
prize.
②
I
have
something
personal
to
discuss
with
you.
③
Personally，I
like
blue
best.
④
His
personality
comes
through
in
his
writing.
56.
people
民族
China
is
a
great
people.
人；人们；民族
使住人；居住于
△
the
old
people
老人
△
among
the
people
在人民中间
△
as
a
people
作为一个民族
e.g.
I
think
it
my
duty
to
serve
the
people.
（徐州）The
restaurant
is
so
popular
here.
Look，there
are
so
many
_____
here.
A.
food
B.
dish
C.
people
D.
waiter
57.
describe
描述
→
description
描述
→
descriptive
描述的
△
describe
?as
?把?说成?
△
describe
to?向?描述
e.g.
①
He
loved
Hangzhou
so
much
that
he
described
it
as
“the
finest
city
in
the
world”.
②
The
scenery
is
beautiful
beyond
descriptions.
（桂林）The
policeman
asked
her
to
give
a
of
the
man
who
grabbed
her
handbag.
municate
传达；交流
→
communication
传达；交流
书信；交通/通讯方式
→
communicating
相连的
→
communicative
爱说话的；健谈的
△
communicate
with
?
与?沟通/交流
△
have
communication
with
?
△
in
communication
保持联系
e.g.
He
also
wrote
about
China’s
development，with
its
large
cities
and
systems
of
communication.
（临汾）-I
feel
lonely.
What
should
I
do？
-You
should
often
_______
others.
It’s
helpful
to
you.
A.
communicate
with
B.
depend
on
C.
decide
on
59.
influence
影响
影响力；有影响的人/事
△
have
an
influence
on/
upon/
over?
对?有影响
△
be
influence
by?
受?影响
△
influence
in?
在?方面施加影响
e.g.
①
It
also
influenced
many
other
explores，including
Christopher
Columbus.
P13
60.
include
包括
→
including
包括=
together
with=
as
well
as=
besides
包括
→
included
包括的
e.g.
There
are
ten
people
including
you.
61.
direct
直接的；直达的
指示；对准
→
directly
直接地
→
director
导演；懂事；所长；主任
→
direction
方向
→
directive
指导的
→
directory
姓名地址录
△
Local
directory
e.g.
①
Which
is
the
direct
way
to
London？
②
Who
directed
the
film？
③
A
directory
is
a
book
with
information
about
a
certain
city
or
area.
P14
62.
category
[?k?t?g?ri]
类别；种类
△
category
of
reference
books.
参考书类
e.g.
It
usually
has
different
categories
and
is
arranged
in
alphabetical
order。
P14
63.
refer
谈到；涉及
把
提交；把?归因；归类
→
reference
参考；出处；推荐人
注明出处；附参考资料
△
refer
to?涉及
△
reference
books
参考书
P14
64.
supply
[s??pla?]
供应；补给；贮备
供应
→
supplier
供应商
△
Beauty
salons
and
suppliers
P14
△
supply
sb
with
sth
supply
sth
to
sb
=
△
offer
sb
sth
offer
sth
to
sb
=
△
provide
sb
with
sth
provide
sth
for
sb
e.g.
①
Who
supply
you
with
meal？
②
The
people
in
the
small
village
are
short
of
electricity
supply.
G：结果状语从句
1.
引导词为从属连词
so
?
that；such
?
that
2.
结构
（1）口诀：名前such，形副so
little这词属特殊少用such，小用so
（2）Exx：
foolish
a
fool
nice
a
flower
a
nice
flower
many/few
flowers
nice
flowers
much/little
money
rapid
progress
many
people
a
lot
of
people
3.
同义句转换：
※
当主从句主语一致时，结果状从so
?
that?；such
?
that?可与too
?
to?
；enough
to?；so
?
as
to
?
转换。
e.g.（1）
①He
is
so
clever
(a
boy)
that
he
can
work
out
the
problem.
=②He
is
such
a
clever
boy
that
he
can
work
out
the
problem.
（2）He
got
up
so
late
that
he
didn’t
catch
the
bus.
=He
got
up
too
late
to
catch
the
bus.
=He
got
up
so
late
as
to
miss
the
bus.
=He
didn’t
get
up
early
enough
to
catch
the
bus.
4.
注意：当so
或such
置于句首时，主句要倒装。
e.g.
So
clever
a
student
was
he
that
he
was
able
to
work
out
all
the
difficult
problem.
（黄冈）-He
was
____
tired
____
he
fell
asleep
as
soon
as
he
lay
down.
-Oh，we
can
got
out
and
let
him
have
a
good
rest.
A.
too,
to
B.
so,
that
C.
enough
to
D.
such,
that
（安徽）Read
it
aloud
____
the
class
can
hear
you.
A.
so
that
B.
if
C.
when
D.
although
（临汾）She
was
____
tired
____
she
could
not
move
an
inch.
A.
so,
that
B.
such,
that
C.
very,
that
D.
so,
as
（山东）It
is
____
that
we’d
like
to
go
out
for
a
walk.
A.
a
lovely
day
B.
too
lovely
a
day
C.
so
lovely
a
day
D.
such
lovely
a
day
（四川）Mary
had
____
much
work
to
do
that
she
stayed
at
her
office
all
day.
A.
such
B.
so
C.
too
D.
very
（青岛）The
child
was
____
immediately
after
supper.
A.
enough
tired
to
go
to
bed
B.
too
tired
to
go
to
bed
C.
so
tired
that
he
went
to
bed
D.
very
tired,
he
went
to
be1
M1
Explorations
and
exchanges
Unit
1
Great
explorations
1.
explore
[?k?spl?:]
探测；探险；考察；探究
?exploration
[?ekspl??re??n]
探测；探险；探索；勘探
?exploratory
[?k?spl?r?tri]
勘探的；探索的
?explorer
[?k?spl?:r?]
勘探者；考察者；探险者
△
a
famous
explorer一个著名的探险家P1
△
being
a
new
age
of
exploring
开启了一个探索的新时代/纪元
P4
△
great
explorations
伟大的探索/险
P1
△
explore
for
oil
勘探石油
△
exploration
stage
探究阶段
△
space
exploration
外层空间探索
△
field
exploration
野外勘探
△
exploration
survey
勘探
△
exploratory
research
探索性研究
e.g.
①They
were
exploring
the
Amazon
jungle.
他们正对亚马逊森林进行勘察。
②The
exploring
team
explored
a
trackless
wilderness.
考察队勘探了一片人迹罕至的荒野。
③We
must
explore
all
the
possibilities.
我们必须探讨所有的可能性。
④It
is
necessary
to
explore
this
matter
in
more
detail.
有必要更为详细地对这件事进行探讨。
※辨析
explore，hunt，search，seek（都有寻找，搜索的意思）
explore：指对未知事物或新生事物的探索、观察与研究。
seek：
指对崇高目的或抽象事物的追求或向往。
search
指搜寻具体的人或某一具体事物。
hunt
hunt更含有急切的意味，也常指无结果地寻找。
2.
exchange
[?ks?t?e?nd?]
交换；交易所；兑换；交战
交换；兑换
?exchangeable
[?ks?t?e?nd??bl]
可交换的；可兑换的；可替换的
△
in
exchange
for
交换
△
exchange
Christmas
gifts
互赠圣诞礼物
△
an
educational
exchange
一次教育互访
△
exchange
by?
用?换
△
exchange?for?
把?换成?
△
exchange
with?
和?交换
e.g.
①She
works
at
the
Stock
Exchange.
她在证券交易所工作。
②I
exchanged
the
goods
for
cash.
我拿这些货换钱。
③The
two
armies
exchanged
prisoners.
作战双方交换战俘。
④They
exchanged
experiences
at
the
meeting.
他们在会上交流经验。
⑤He
gave
me
an
apple
in
exchange
of
an
orange.
他给我一个苹果，交换一个橙子。
⑥Sale
goods
in
this
shop
are
not
exchangeable.
本店货物售出概不退换。
⑦A
check
is
exchangeable
for
cash.
支票可交换现金。
△
the
exchange
of
cultures
and
technologies.
文化和技术交流P2
3.
achieve
[??t?i:v]
完成；达到；实现
?
achievement
[??t?i:vm?nt]
成就；成绩；完成；达成
△
their
great
achievements
他们的伟大成就P1
△
achieve
one’s
aim/goal
达到某人的目的
△
achieve
success
获得成功
△
acdemic
achievements
学术成就
△
carry
forward
one’s
achievement
发扬某人的成绩
e.g.
However,
his
voyages
were
such
a
huge
achievement
that?P3
e.g.
①Work
hard,
and
you
will
achieve
your
goal.
好好干，你就会达到自己的目标。
②You
will
achieve
your
ambition
if
you
work
hard.
如果你努力，你的抱负就会实现。
③Effort
and
achievement
are
always
in
full
accord.
努力和成就总是相辅相成的。
④I
felt
a
great
sense
of
achievement
when
I
reached
the
top
of
the
mountain.
当我到达山顶的时候，我有一种巨大的成就感。
⑤Flying
across
the
Atlantic
for
the
first
time
was
a
great
achievement.
首次飞跃大西洋是一项了不起的业绩。
⑥That
task
is
impossible
of
achievement.
那项任务不可能完成。
※achieve，arrive，reach，attain，辨析（到达）
achieve
侧重为达到目的所需的技巧、忍耐和努力
arrive
指得出结论，达成某项协议或作出某一决定
reach
指达到某一空间、时间、目标或发展过程中的某一点
attain
侧重指在抱负或雄心的激励下，以最大的努力去达到一般所不及或不敢追求的目
的
4.
voyage
[?v???d?]
航行，旅行
?
voyager
[?v???d??]
航行者；航海者
△
the
voyages
of
Zheng
He.
郑和的航行
P1
△
on
the
first
of
seven
great
voyages.
七大航行中的首航
P3
△
take/make/go
on
a
voyage
出航
△
round
voyage
往返航程
△
voyage
to
?
到?航行
△
voyage
from
?to?
从?到?的航程
△
voyage
across
the
ocean
横跨大洋的航行
△
bon
voyage
[?b?nv???a:z]
一路平安
Zheng
He
died
in
1433
during
his
last
voyage.
P3
e.g.
①In
1405,
he
set
off
from
China
on
the
first
of
seven
great
voyage.
P3
②A
great
fleet
of
these
were
built
for
the
great
voyage.
P5
③In
1519,
he
led
the
first
voyage
to
sail
around
the
world.
P16
④She
went
on
a
long
sea
voyage.
⑤These
voyage
lost
their
way
after
the
storm.
※辨析
voyage，journey，tour，travel，trip
voyage：指水上旅行，尤指海上旅行，也可指空中旅行。
journey：最普通用词，侧重指时间长，距离远的单程陆上旅行，也可指水上、空中旅
行。
tour：指最后返回出发地，途中有停留游览点，距离可长可短，目的各异的周游或巡行。
travel：泛指旅行的行为而不指某次具体的旅行，多指到远方长期旅行，不强调直接目
的地。单、复数均可。
trip：普通用词，多用口语，常指为公务或游玩作的短暂旅行。
5.
silk
[s?lk]
丝，绸
?silky
丝制的；像丝一样柔滑的；温和的（silkier，silkiest）
?silkily
丝制地
?silken
[?s?lk?n]
丝绸的；绸制的；柔软的
△
the
Silk
Road
丝绸之路
P1
e.g.
①When
was
the
Silk
Road
started?
P6
②His
_______
helped
lead
to
the
development
of
the
Silk
Road.
P6
③She
was
dressed
in
silk.
6.
result
[r??z?lt]
结果；成果；成绩；（足球赛）赢
产生；致使
?resultful
[r??z?ltf?l]
有结果的；有效果的；有效的
△
adverbial
clauses
of
result.
结果状语从句
P1
△
result
in
?
导致；结果是?；以?为结局
△
result
from?
产生于?；由?引起
△
result
in
success/failure
终于成功/导致失败
△
result
in
death
致死
△
lead
to
the
result
of?
导致?的结果
△
as
a
result
因此，所以
as
a
result
of
?
作为?的结果
=due
to
=
because
of
=by
the
reason
of
△
in
result
结局
(山东中考)
A
“Workaholic”
works
too
much
and
usually
forgets
to
have
meals
and
go
to
bed
__________
,he
doesn’t
have
good
health.
A.
As
a
matter
of
fact
B.
As
a
whole
C.
As
a
result
D.
As
a
rule
e.g.
①He
was
late
as
a
result
of
the
snow.
②As
a
result,
he
was
late.
(武汉中考)
—Bill
is
ill.
Do
you
know
what’s
wrong
with
him?
—Poor
boy.
His
illness
is
the
_________
of
eating
unhealthy
food.
A.
result
B.
cause
C.
reason
D.
end
7.
enough
[??n?f]
足够的
足够
足够地；充分地；相当；尚
△
?enough
to
do
sth
足够?去做?
P9
△
enough
time
足够的时间
△
quite
enough
十分充足
△
enough
for?
对?足够的
△
enough
of?
对?厌烦的
e.g.
①The
ships
were
big
enough
to
carry
25,000
people
as
well
as
very
large
quantities
of
goods.
P9
②I’ve
had
enough
of
that.
我真受够了。
(新疆)
The
boy
read
the
article
________
and
found
something
important
in
it.
A.
careful
enough
B.
carefully
enough
C.
enough
careful
D.
enough
carefully
8.
repetition
[?rep??t??n]
重复
?repetitive
[r??pet?t?v]
重复的
△
ask
for
repetition
要求重复
P1
△
avoid
a
repetition
避免重复
e.g.
①We
must
avoid
the
repetition
of
a
mistake.
我们必须避免犯同样的错误。
②You
should
avoid
unnecessary
repetition.
③He
doesn’t
have
the
patience
for
repetitive
work.
他没有耐心做重复的工作。
repeat
9.
famous
[?fe?m?s]
著名的
?famously
著名地
△
be
famous/well-known
for?
因?而著名
as?
作为?而著名
△
a
famous
explorer
P1
△
a
famous
travel
writer
P1
e.g.
①Who
was
Marco
Polo
and
what
was
he
famous
for？
P13
②QuYuan
was
famous
for
his
poems.
③Qu
Yuan
was
famous
as
a
poet.
（上海）Many
sports
players
became
well-known
after
they
joined
in
the
Beijing
Olympic
Games.
The
underlined
part
means
“________”.
A.
rich
B.
strong
C.
lucky
D.
famous
（南京）Hangzhou
is
famous________
producing
silk
in
China.
A.
from
B.
at
C.
in
D.
for
10.
travel
[?tr?vl]
旅行；移动
旅行；去某地（travelled，travelled）
?
traveller
旅行者
?
travelling
旅行的；旅行用的
?
travelled
有旅行经验的
△
travel
to
sp
去?旅行
in
sp
在?旅行
from
?
to?
从?到?旅行
round/around
sp
环绕?旅行
△
travel
light
轻装旅行P1
△
a
famous
travel
writer
一位著名的旅行作家
P1
△
travel
to
China
去中国旅行
P2
△
travel
into
space
去太空旅行
P2
△
travel
alone
独自旅行
P9
△
travel
for
运游
P9
△
a
travel
company
一家旅行社
P11
△
a
small
statue
of
a
traveller
一个旅行者的小雕像
P13
△
the
stories
of
his
travels
他的游记故事
P13
△
The
Travels
of
Marco
Polo
马可波罗行记
P13
△
travel
many
miles
行好几英里的路
+
距离
（中考江西）I
_______
to
Cape
Town
so
I
know
nothing
about
it.
A.
don’t
travel
B.
won’t
travel
C.
haven’t
traveled
D.
hadn’t
traveled
e.g.
He
travelled
to
China
and
wrote
a
book
about
his
travels.
P2
（上海）While
we
(travel)
in
Australia
last
summer，I
visited
Lucy
who
once
taught
English
in
our
school.
（莱芜中考）Those
(travel)
are
enjoying
the
sunrise.
11.
open
[???p?n]
open）
开着的
?
openly
公开地；公然地；直率地
?
opening
?
opener
开启工具
?
openness
△
open
up
开发；展现；开放；揭露；打开；开办；开辟
△
open
up
the
New
World
—
the
American
continents
—
to
Europe.
P2
开辟美洲通往欧洲的新世界
△
open
up
Central
Asia
to
China.
P2
开放中亚向中国
△
Open
Day
开放日
△
in
the
open
air
在室外；在露天里
△
celebrate
the
opening
庆祝开幕
△
offer
an
opening
提供机会
△
opening
at?
?地方有空缺
△
opening
for?
?职位的空缺
△
opening
ceremony
开幕典礼
△
opening
time
营业时间；开放时间
e.g.
His
travels
to
the
west
of
China
helped
open
up
Central
Asia
to
China.
P2
（黄冈中考）-So
hot
in
the
classroom.
Would
you
mind
_______
the
windows？
-OK.
I’ll
do
it
right
now.
A.
not
closing
B.
not
opening
C.
closing
D
opening
（辽宁中考）We
are
pleased
that
more
and
more
people
want
to
_______
factories
in
Liaoning.
A.
look
up
B.
clean
up
C.
pick
up
D.
open
up
12.
Atlantic
[?t'l?nt?k]
大西洋的
大西洋
△
the
Atlantic
(Ocean)
大西洋
P2
e.g.
①His
voyages
across
the
Atlantic
opened
up
the
New
World—
the
American
continents
to
Europe.
P2
②The
Atlantic
Ocean
is
the
second
largest
ocean
四大洋：1）太平洋：the
Pacific
Ocean
2）大西洋：the
Atlantic
Ocean
3）印度洋：the
Indian
Ocean
4）北冰洋：the
Arctic
Ocean
13.
centre
中心；中央
→
centric
中心的；中央的.
→
centred
冷静的；理智的；在中心的；居中的
→
central
主要的；中心的；中央的
→
centrally
在中心；主要地
△
central
Asia
中亚
P2
△
political/cultural/economic
centre
政治/文化/经济中心
△
in
the
centre
of
?
在?的中心
△
be
central
to?
对?重要
e.g.
①
Such
values
are
central
to
our
way
of
life.
这些价值对我们的生活方式是至关重要的。
e.g.
②
Tian’anmen
Square
is
in
the
centre
of
Beijing.
14.
continent
[?k?nt?n?nt]
大陆
→
continental
[?k?nt??nentl]
大陆的；欧洲大陆的
→
continentally
大陆地
△
the
American
continents
美洲大陆
P2
e.g.
①
There
are
seven
continents
in
the
world.
②
The
discovery
of
the
continent
is
usually
referred
to
Columbus.
人们通常认为新大陆
是哥伦布发现的。
15.
effect
[??fekt]
作用；效果
使生产；引起
→
effective
有效的；生效的
?
ineffective
无效的
→
effectively
有效地；事实上
→
effectiveness
有效性；效力
△
have
an
effect
on?
对?有效果/影响
P2
have
effects
on?
=have
an
influence
on?
△
in
effect
在实施；实际上
△
come
into
effect
开始实行；生效
△
take
effect
实施；奏效
△
the
effect
of
?
?的影响
e.g.
①
What
effects
did
his
trip
have
on
China
and
the
world？P2
②
He
is
blind
to
the
effect
of
his
actions.
③
The
new
law
will
have
an
effect
on
all
of
us.
16.
set
[set]
放置；设定（set，set）
一套；组合
规定的；不变的；固定的
△
set
up
建立；创立；使?开业
P2=establish
△
set
off/out
出发；动身
△
set
sail
启航
P3
=start
off/out
△
set
by
搁在一边
△
set
down
放下；记下
△
a
set
of
furniture
一套家具
e.g.
They
set
up
trade
routes
between
China
and
other
countries.
P2
（南充中考）They
are
going
to
_______
a
hospital
to
help
poor
people.
A.
write
down
B.
hand
out
C.
set
up
17.
trade
交易；贸易；行业
用
交换；做生意
→
trader
商人；商船
→
trademark
商标；特点
△
trade
routes
商路P2
△
trade
secret
商业秘密
△
open
up
trade
开发贸易
△
trade?for?
用?换?
△
trade
with?
和?做生意
e.g.
①
They
set
up
trade
routes
between
China
and
other
countries.
P2
②
He
is
in
trade.
他在经商。
③
She
made
a
good
trade.
她做了一笔好生意。
④
They
were
persuade
to
trade
information.
他们被说服出卖情报。
⑤
China
does
a
lot
of
trade
with
many
countries.
⑥
My
deskmate
wanted
to
trade
his
pen
for
my
book.
18.
still
[st?l]
不动的；平静的
仍然；还
使?平静下来
蒸馏器；寂静；定格照
△
stand
still
站着不动
e.g.
His
travels
were
so
important
that
they
are
still
studied
today.
P3
19.
important
重要
importance
重要性
△
be
important
to?
对?重要
△
be
of
importance=
be
important
重要的
e.g.
①
This
matter
is
of
great
importance
to
us.
②
He
has
made
an
important
contribution
to
the
company’s
success.
（东营中考）It
is
a
pity
that
there
are
a
lot
of
people
who
do
not
know
the
(重要)
of
time.
（山东中考）It
is
not
importance_______
whether
you
fail
or
succeed
in
the
game.
The
point
is
that
you
take
part
in
it
and
enjoy
it.
A.
necessary
B.
important
C.
true
D.
right
20.
discover
[d??sk?v?]
发现
→
discovery
发现
△
on
his
journey
of
discovery
to
America.
在他去美洲的发现之旅
e.g.
This
was
nearly
a
century
before
Christopher
Columbus
first
set
sail
on
his
journey
of
discovery
to
America.
P3
（泰安中考）The
dinosaur
with
feathers
_______
in
Liaoning
Province.
A.
was
found
B.
was
founded
C.
was
invented
D.
was
discovered
※
辨析
discover，find，find
out，invent，look
for
discover：指发现或偶然发现原来就存在，但一直未被认识的东西。
look
for：寻找，指寻找的动作和过程。
find：指寻找的结果，即“找到”，非延续性动词，不如discover正式。
find
out：“找出”指经过观察、调察把某事、某物查出来，搞清楚，弄明白。多用于复杂
而不易直接查出来的情况。
invent：指发明原来不存在的东西，有时也可指虚构、捏造。
Exx：①
Whilhelm
Roentgen
X
rays.
②
He
was
amazed
to
her
there.
③
Let’s
try
and
What’s
at
the
back
of
this
problem.
④
What
the
steam
engine.
⑤
She
ran
across
some
old
letters
when
she
was
something
else.
21.
rise
[ra?z]
上升；起床（rose，risen）=go
up
上涨；小山；兴起
?
fall
e.g.
①
He
rose
to
become
a
trusted
official
of
the
Yongle
Emperor
of
the
Ming
Dynasty.
P3
②
The
sun
rises
behind
the
mountain
in
the
morning.
22.
trust
[tr?st]
信任；信托
相信，委托
信任
→
trusty
可信任的
trusted
可信的，受信任的
可信赖的人；受优待的囚犯
→
trustily
忠实地；诚实地
→
trusting
相信的；信任的
→
trustful
容易信任别人的
→
trustfully
容易信任别人地
trust
sb
△
trust
in?
信任?
=believe
in
sb
△
trust
each
other
相互信任
e.g.
①He
rose
to
become
a
trusted
official
of
the
Yongle
Emperor
of
the
Ming
Dynasty.
P3
②He
is
a
reliable
person，so
we
can
trust
him.
23.
official
[??f??l]
官员
官方的；正式的
→
officially
?
unofficially
△
a
trusted
official
一个受信赖的官员。
e.g.
The
President
and
the
secretary
of
state
are
government
officials.
24.
order
[??:d?]
顺序；命令；订购
命令；订购
→
orderly
有秩序的；整齐的
→
ordered
有序的；整齐的
△
order
sth
订购某物
sb
to
do
sth
命令某人去做某事
△
in
order
整齐；按顺序
△
out
of
order
无次序的
△
on
order
定购中
△
in
order
to
do
sth
为了?
=so
as
to
do
sth
that
that
注：当so
as
to?表“以致于”引导结果状从时，则不能与in
order
to
转
△
in/of
the
order
of?
大约
△
put
?
in
the
?
order
以?顺序排列
e.g.
The
emperor
ordered
Zheng
He
to
visit
and
explore
the
lands
outside
China.
P3
（武汉）-Hurry
up，Jack！
-Just
give
me
five
minutes
to
put
my
desk
in
_______.
A.
time
B.
line
C.
order
D.
shape
（云南）-The
food
here
is
very
nice.
I’m
rather
hungry.
-Then
let’s
go
in
and
________
right
now.
A.
pay
the
bill
B.
order
something
C.
have
a
picnic
D.
have
a
drink
25.
develop
[d??vel?p]
发展；开发；改进，研制；养成...习惯；增强，加强
→
developer
开发者，发展商
→
development
发展；新事态；发展壮大
→
developing
发展中的
→
developed
发达的；成熟的
△
develop
relations
发展关系
P3
△
develop
into
发展成
△
developing
country
发展中国家
△
developed
country
发达国家
e.g.
His
task
was
to
develop
relations
and
set
up
trade
routes
with
foreign
countries.
（福州中考）Thanks
to
our
government，the
area
on
the
west
coast
of
Taiwan
Strait
are
_______
rapidly.
A.
develop
B.
developed
C.
developing
D.
development
（上海中考）Mr
Chen
was
surprised
to
see
the
fast
（develop）in
Shanghai
after
his
long
absence
from
the
city.
26.
relation
[r??le??n]
联系；交往；关系
亲属；家属
→
relationship
关系
△
develop
relations
P3
△
have
relation
to?
和?有关
△
the
relationship
between
?
and
?
?和?之间的关系
e.g.
①
This
report
has
relation
to
agriculture
②
We’d
like
to
visit
our
friends
and
close
relations.
27.
fleet
舰队；机群
快速的；敏捷的；短暂的
使（时间）飞逝
疾飞；掠过；逐渐消失
→
fleetly
快速地
△
a
fleet
of
?
一队?
△
build
a
great
fleet
of
ships
建造一个大舰队
e.g.
In
a
few
years，he
built
a
great
fleet
of
ships，the
biggest
in
the
world
at
that
time.
P3
28.
treasure
珍宝；宝藏
珍惜；珍视
△
treasure
ship
宝船
P3
e.g.
①
The
ships
were
known
as
treasure
ships.
P3
②
The
gallery
has
many
wonderful
art
treasures.
29.
know
了解；知道（knew，known）
知情
→
known
已知的；有名的
→
knowing
会意的；心照不宣的
知晓；了解
→
knowing
故意地；会意地
→
knowledge
知识
△
be
known
as?
以?著称
be
known
for?
因?而众所周知
be
known
to?
为某人所熟知
make
oneself
known
to?
对?做自我介绍
e.g.
①
The
ships
were
known
as
treasure
ship.
P3
②
The
place
is
known
for
its
handicraft
products.
③
He
was
known
to
be
a
young
man
with
lofty
ideals.
④
It
is
common
knowledge
that
computers
are
super
calculators.
（南京中考）-Did
Mrs
King
leave
a
message？
-Yes.
She
wanted
to
know
_______
this
Sunday.
A.
who
you
would
go
shopping
B.
if
you
would
go
shopping
with
her
C.
that
you
will
go
shopping
D.
when
will
you
go
shopping
with
her
（黄冈）Excuse
me，may
I
have
your
name，please？
A.
call
B.
get
C.
hear
D.
know
30.
as
well
as
①“还”
②
和?一样好
①
意为“还”
as
well
as
谓动就远=
and=
besides=
in
addition
to
not
only
but
also
谓动就近
e.g.
1）They
were
big
enough
to
carry
25,000
people
as
well
as
very
large
quantities
of
goods.
P3
2）Your
wife
as
well
as
you
is
friendly
to
me.
=Not
only
you
but
also
your
wife
is
friendly
to
me.
②
意为“和
一样好”
1）You
look
as
well
as
you
did
ten
years
ago.
2）He
plays
the
guitar
as
well
as
you.
31.
quantity
[?kw?nt?ti]
量；数量，大量
△
a
quantity
of
+
pl，谓复
谓单
△
quantities
of
+
pl
谓复
△
in
quantity
数量上
△
in
great
quantity
大量
e.g.
Great
quantities
of
fish
are
caught.
32.
seen
[v.]
似乎；好像（不用于进行时）
（1）seem（半系）+表语
（2）△
seem
like?
似乎?
△
seem
to
do?
好像?
that
（3）it
seems
that
看样子
as
if
似乎；好像
e.g.
①
It
seemed
that
nowhere
was
too
far
for
him
to
visit.
P3
②
That
seems（like）a
good
idea
to
me.
③
There
seems
to
be
a
problem
of
some
kind.
④
It
seems
as
if
there
will
be
an
election
soon.
⑤
It
seems
that
he
has
forgotten
the
key.
⑥
It
seems
to
me
that
it’s
a
waste
of
time.
（沈阳中考）This
week，the
weather
______
to
change
every
day：One
day
is
hot，the
next
is
cold.
A.
seems
B.
looks
C.
sounds
D.
feels
（安徽）-Long
time
no
see！
-Oh，it
_______
like
years
since
I
last
saw
you.
A.
looks
B.
seems
C.
feels
D.
sounds
33.
nowhere
[?n??we?]
无处
任何地方都不
△
nowhere
near
=
far
from
=
certainly
not
绝不；差得远；远不及
e.g.
The
hall
was
nowhere
near
full.
那大厅远未满座
I
have
nowhere
to
seat
34.
allow
允许；同意
allowance
考虑到；允许
△
an
allowance
of
△
allow
sth
允许某事
doing
sth
允许做某事
sb
to
do
sth
允许某人去做某事
for
考虑到?
△
be
allowed
to
do
sth
e.g.
①
These
voyages
allowed
China
to
trade
valuable
goods
like
gold，silver
and
silk.
P3
②
It
will
take
you
half
an
hour
to
get
to
the
station，allowing
for
traffic
delays.
考虑到路上的耽搁（时间），你要用半小时到车站。
（南宁）-Dad，can
we
bring
the
dog
with
us
to
the
theater？
-Sorry，Pets
_______
to
enter.
A.
are
allowed
B.
are
asked
C.
aren’t
allowed
D.
aren’t
asked
（青岛）Students
_______
slippers
when
they
are
at
school.
A.
don’t
allow
to
wear
B.
are
not
allowed
to
wear
C.
are
not
allowed
to
put
on
D.
are
not
allowed
wearing
35.
besides
此外；而且
除?以外，还有=
in
addition
to
=
as
well
as
?
e.g.
Besides
developing
trade，the
voyages
also
encouraged
the
exchange
of
cultures
and
technologies.
P3
※
辨析：besides，except，except
for，but
besides：除?之外，还有，具有附加性，可放句首
except：除?之外，排除性
放句中
except
for：除了?；（美中不足）（从属修正）可放句首
but：除了?
同except
放句中
注：①
当前有整体概念如all时，except与except
for
可互换
②
含except的句子，谓动适用就远原则
③
当besides用于否定句中时，可与except，but互换
另：apart
from：既可表排除，又可表补充
e.g.
①
Tea
is
the
most
popular
drink
in
the
world
water.
②
We
also
went
to
see
the
film
Tom.（Tom也去了）
③
We
all
went
to
see
the
film
Tom.（Tom没去）
④
The
composition
is
very
good
a
few
spelling
mistakes.
⑤
We
have
no
other
books
these.
（山东）-How
much
will
you
be
paid？
-Judy，I
don’t
do
it
for
money，but
for
experience.
_______
,
it’s
voluntary（志愿的）
work.
A.
However
B.
Besides
C.
Finally
D.
Possibly
（杭州）It’s
too
late
to
go
out
now
and
_______
,
it’s
starting
to
rain.
A.
though
B.
besides
C.
however
D.
instead
36.
encourage
鼓励
→
encouragement
鼓励
△
encourage
sb
to
do
sth
鼓励某人去做某事
e.g.
We
encouraged
him
to
go
to
university.
（南京中考）I’m
very
grateful
to
my
English
teacher.
He
（courage）me
when
I
almost
gave
up
English.
37.
region
地区；区域
zone由于本身具有某些特殊性而被划分为地带、特区
→
regional
奇异的地区风俗
△
the
special
economic
zone
of
Shenzhen
→
regionally
奇异的地区风俗地
△
temperate
zone
△
in
the
region
of
?
大约，=about
e.g.
①
Snow
is
expected
in
southern
regions.
南部地区预料会下雪。
②
It
will
cost
in
the
region
of
?200.
这要花费大约200英镑。
area
可大可小，没有固定界限
region
较大的行政区域，自然地理上有天然界限，有某种特色的自然地域.
HongKong
Special
Administrative
Region
district
行政区域
38.
pioneer
先锋；拓荒者
开辟；创始
e.g.
However，his
voyages
were
such
a
huge
achievement
that
people
still
remember
him
as
a
pioneer
in
opening
up
cultural
contacts
between
different
peoples
around
the
world.
39.
contact
[?k?nt?kt]
联系；联络；熟人；（电路）接触点
联系
[k?n?t?kt]
接触的
△
make
contact
with
?
和
?
取得联系
△
be
in
contact
with
?
与?联系
△
contact
sb
about
sth
与某人联系某事
△
cultural
contacts
文化联系
P3
e.g.
①
I
finally
made
contact
with
her
in
Paris.
②
She
suffers
from
a
contact
skin
rash.
她患上了一种接触性传染性皮疹.
40.
process
过程；变化；步骤
[?pr??ses]
加工；处理
→
procession
[pr??se?n]
行列；队列行进
△
in
the
process
正在进行（某事）的时候
△
be
in
the
process
of
?
在做（某事）的过程中
△
process
of
finding
发现的过程.
e.g.
①
Coal
was
formed
out
of
dead
forests
by
chemical
process.
②
We
are
now
in
the
process
of
moving
the
machines
to
a
new
factory.
41.
own
[??n]
属于自己的
拥有=have=possess
→
owner
物主；所有人
△
on
one’s
own
独自地；独立地；靠自己
=by
oneself
=alone
△
of
one’s
own
某人自己的
△
own
to
坦白承认
up
e.g.
①
I’d
love
to
have
my
own
house.
②
Children
need
toys
of
their
own.
③
He
would
not
own
to
knowing
those
persons.
他不愿承认认识那些人。
④
The
owner
of
the
restaurant
is
an
oversea
Chinese.
42.
wealth
[welθ]
贵重物品
财富；大量
→
wealthy
富有的（wealthier，wealthiest）
△
a
wealth
of
e.g.
To
look
for
wealth.
P6
Nigeria
was
comparatively
wealthy
in
those
days.
43.
leader
领导者
lead
[li:d]
给（某人）指路；领导；通往；领先；过?生活（led，led）
领先地位；模范；模样
铅
△
lead
to
sth
引起；导致
△
lead
sb
to
do
sth
说服某人去做某事
△
lead
the
way
带路；领先
△
lead
a
?
life
过?的生活
△
lead
to
the
development
of
the
Silk
Road.
P6
△
lead
sb
to
sp.
带某人去某地
e.g.
①She
led
me
to
her
office
②
England
were
leading
1-0
at
half
time.
上半场英格兰队以1:0领先
③
The
strike
could
lead
to
a
loss
of
jobs.
罢工可能会导致失业。
④
What
led
you
to
resign？什么事使你辞职？
⑤
The
tourist
guide
led
the
way
to
the
museum.
⑥
Choose
a
group
leader
among
yourselves.
44.
spread
伸展；张开；分布；传播（spread，spread）
传播；范围；涂食物的酱
△
spread
out
传播开
△
spread
from
?to?
从?传到?
△
spread
on?
在?上涂
△
spread
over
传遍；遍布；延续
△
spread
to
?
蔓延到
△
spread
with?
用?涂
e.g.
①
They
also
helped
spread
knowledge.
P6
②
The
radio
spread
the
news
as
soon
as
the
accident
happened.
③
She
spread
the
bread
with
butter.
45.
pass
经过；穿过；路过；递给；（时间）消逝；通过
考试及格；许可证
△
pass
sb
sth
pass
sth
to
sb
△
pass
away
去世
△
pass
by
经过；走过
△
pass
off
停止
△
pass
on
①过世（vi）②将?传给别人（vt.）；传递
△
pass
over
忽视
△
pass
out
昏过去
△
pass
through
穿过
P7
△
pass
an
exam
通过考试
?
fail
an
exam
e.g.
①
It
passed
through
many
countries.
P7
②
We
passed
through
Germany
on
our
way
to
Austria.
③
I
looked
at
the
photograph
then
passed
it
to
Jane.
④
She
waved
as
she
pass
by.
（武汉）-Did
James
speak
to
you
this
morning？
-No，he
________
me,
but
he
didn’t
notice
me.
A.
passed
B.
saw
C.
greeted
D.
knocked
（云南）No
one
can
feel
that
time
________,
but
everyone
can
feel
that
time
has
passed.
A.
is
passing
B.
has
passed
C.
had
passed
D.
was
passing
46.
past
过去的
经过
经过?
过去
e.g.
①
Things
have
got
much
worse
in
the
past
few
years.
②
We
drive
past
the
house.
③
He
didn’t
stop
–
he
just
walked
straight
past.
（潍坊中考）Last
week
when
she
walked
_______
the
lake，she
saw
someone
______
in
it.
A.
passed,
swim
B.
passed,
swimming
C.
past,
swim
D.
past,
swimming
47.
hand
手；指针
递给
△
hand
sb
sth
△
at
hand
在手边
=hand
sth
to
sb
△
hand
in
上交
△
hand
out
分发
△
hand
in
hand
手拉手
△
give
a
hand
to
sb=
give
sb
a
hand
帮助某人
△
hand
down
传下来
△
by
hand
用手
e.g.
①
She
told
us
to
hand
in
our
homework
on
Friday.
P8
②
She
handed
the
letter
to
John.
（潍坊）-Boys
and
girls！Please
_________
your
compositions
after
class.
-Oh，my
god！I
_________
it
at
home.
A.hand
in；forgot
B.
hand
in；left
C.
hand
out；forgot
D.
hand
out；left
（安徽）Brain
is
so
kind
that
he
often
gives
me
a
______
when
I’m
in
trouble.
A.
reply
B.
seat
C.
hand
D.
reason
48.
alone
独自的；孤独的
独自地；孤独地=
by
oneself=
on
one’s
own
△
travel
alone
独自旅行
P9
e.g.
①
He
lives
alone.
②
I
was
alone
in
the
room
※
辨析
alone，lonely，lone
alone：普通用词，指独自一人的状态，有时含孤寂之意（
可作后置定语或表语
强调客观事实
lonely：“孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的，人迹罕至的”（
含“渴望和他人在一起”的意味。可定可表.
强调主观感受
lone：“孤单的；唯一的；单独的”较文雅，可与lonely互换（
（包头）You
can
_______
ask
the
old
man
to
move
away
because
he
has
lived
here
_______
for
10
years.
A.
hard；lonely
B.
hard；alone
C.
hardly；lonely
D.
hardly；alone
（福州）You’d
better
not
leave
the
baby
at
home
by
oneself
A.
lonely
B.
alone
C.
awake
D.
asleep
49.
beg
乞讨；恳求（begged，begged）
→
beggar
乞丐
使贫穷
△
beg
for
sth
乞讨，祈求
△
beg
sb
to
do
sth
e.g.
①
I
beg
your
pardon.
P10
ask
for
repetition
②
Could
I
beg
a
favour
of
you？能求你帮个助吗？
③
He
begged
me
to
stay
他恳求我留下。
50.
pardon
[?pɑ:dn]
原谅；赦免
△
ask
for
pardon
请求shem
△
pardon
one’s
crime
赦免某人的罪
e.g.
①
I
do
beg
your
pardon.
②
Pardon
my
strong
language，please.
请原谅我说了激烈的话。
51.
miss
未赶上；想念；发觉（某物）遗失
小姐（对未婚女士的称呼）
→
missing
失踪的；失去的；漏掉的
△
miss
out
遗漏；略去；错过机会
△
miss
sth/doing
sth
错过?
e.g.
①
I
missed
the
History
lesson
today.
P10
②
He
arrived
too
late
and
missed
the
train.
③
I
don’t
want
to
miss
seeing
that
play
on
TV
tonight.
④
You
have
missed
out
two
important
points
in
your
report.
⑤
You’re
the
one
who
will
miss
out
if
you
don’t
come.
⑥
Police
are
climbing
the
woods
for
the
missing
children.
（江西）Go
along
the
street.
The
museum
is
on
your
right.
You
can’t
______
it.
A.
make
B.
find
C.
miss
D.
fail
（河南）Jack
_______
the
8:30
train
and
he
had
to
wait
for
the
next
one.
A.
missed
B.
lost
C.
caught
D.
took
52.
catch
[k?t?]
接球；捕获；挂钩
抓住；发现；赶上；患（病）；卡住
（caught，caught）
△
catch
up
with?
赶上?
△
be
caught
up
in?
卷入?
△
catch
one’s
attention
突然引起某人注意
△
catch
one’s
eye
引起某人注意
△
catch
sight
of
看见
△
catch
one’s
imagination
促发某人的想象力
△
not
catch
sth
未听清楚
△
catch
a
cold
患感冒
△
catch
fire
开始燃烧
e.g.
①
Sorry，I
didn’t
quite
catch
you.
P10
②
The
dog
catch
the
ball
in
his
mouth.
③
Hurry
up！We’ve
got
a
train
to
catch.
④
We
are
catching
up
with
Japan
in
industrial
production.
我们在追赶日本的工业生产力。
（河北）Be
quick！We
must
catch
the
early
bus.
A.
be
in
time
for
B.
hold
C.
have
D.
get
on
53.
△（1）think
of?
P10
①
想出=think?
up=come
up
with?
②
考虑关于=think
about
③
想起
④
认为
△（2）think
?
over
仔细考虑
△（3）think
?
through
考虑（某事）的各方面细节
e.g.
What
do
you
think
of
this
person？
P10
What
do
you
think
of?
？
=How
do
you
like?
？
你认为
?
怎么样？
=What
do
you
like
about?
？
※辨析：think，believe，imagine，realize
think：指想或思索，普通用词，按自己的意见由反复思考而作出判断或得出结论。
believe：根据一定证据，经思考后而认为属实。
imagine：想像，强调形象的思维（清晰、明确）。
realize：指领悟，通过生动的构思或想象从而抓住事物的本质。
※同义句：①I
think
it
to
be
a
good
book.
=②I
think
it
a
good
book
=③I
think
it
is
a
good
book
=④I
think
that
it
is
a
good
book
※考点：当think，believe，suppose等词引导宾从时，变反意疑问句时要注意：
1.
当主句主语为第一人称，肯否看主句；疑问词及反问主语与宾从一致。
2.
当主句主语为其他人称，肯否看主句，疑问词及反问主语与主句一致。
Exx：1）I
don’t
think
she
can
finish
the
work
herself，can
she？
2）She
doesn’t
think
Tom
is
a
good
boy，does
she？
（山西）The
computer
is
much
too
expensive，I’ll
_______
it.
A.
talk
about
B.
think
of
C.
think
about
D.
say
about
（长春）-I
think
MaLin
will
win
the
next
World
Cup.
-
______.
I
think
Wang
Hao
will
be
the
winner.
A.
I
hope
so
B.
I
don’t
think
so
C.
It’s
a
pity
D.
It
doesn’t
matter.
54.
brief
[bri:f]
短暂的；简洁的
指示
给?指示；为?提供信息
→
briefly
简短地
→
briefing
简要情况
△
make
a
brief
introduction
作一个简短的介绍.
P10
△
in
brief
简言之
e.g.
①
Here
is
the
news
in
brief.
②
In
the
beginning，the
teacher
gave
us
a
brief
introduction
about
the
subject.
55.
person
人
→
personal
个人的
→
personally
就自己而言
→
personality
个性；名人；特色
△
his
personal
information
他的个人信息
P10
△
in
person
亲自，本人=
personally
△
in
the
person
of
以?资格，代表
△
person
of
importance
重要人物
△
person
with
normal
ideas
思维正常的人
e.g.
①
The
winner
will
be
there
in
person
to
collect
the
prize.
②
I
have
something
personal
to
discuss
with
you.
③
Personally，I
like
blue
best.
④
His
personality
comes
through
in
his
writing.
56.
people
民族
China
is
a
great
people.
人；人们；民族
使住人；居住于
△
the
old
people
老人
△
among
the
people
在人民中间
△
as
a
people
作为一个民族
e.g.
I
think
it
my
duty
to
serve
the
people.
（徐州）The
restaurant
is
so
popular
here.
Look，there
are
so
many
_____
here.
A.
food
B.
dish
C.
people
D.
waiter
57.
describe
描述
→
description
描述
→
descriptive
描述的
△
describe
?as
?把?说成?
△
describe
to?向?描述
e.g.
①
He
loved
Hangzhou
so
much
that
he
described
it
as
“the
finest
city
in
the
world”.
②
The
scenery
is
beautiful
beyond
descriptions.
（桂林）The
policeman
asked
her
to
give
a
of
the
man
who
grabbed
her
handbag.
municate
传达；交流
→
communication
传达；交流
书信；交通/通讯方式
→
communicating
相连的
→
communicative
爱说话的；健谈的
△
communicate
with
?
与?沟通/交流
△
have
communication
with
?
△
in
communication
保持联系
e.g.
He
also
wrote
about
China’s
development，with
its
large
cities
and
systems
of
communication.
（临汾）-I
feel
lonely.
What
should
I
do？
-You
should
often
_______
others.
It’s
helpful
to
you.
A.
communicate
with
B.
depend
on
C.
decide
on
59.
influence
影响
影响力；有影响的人/事
△
have
an
influence
on/
upon/
over?
对?有影响
△
be
influence
by?
受?影响
△
influence
in?
在?方面施加影响
e.g.
①
It
also
influenced
many
other
explores，including
Christopher
Columbus.
P13
60.
include
包括
→
including
包括=
together
with=
as
well
as=
besides
包括
→
included
包括的
e.g.
There
are
ten
people
including
you.
61.
direct
直接的；直达的
指示；对准
→
directly
直接地
→
director
导演；懂事；所长；主任
→
direction
方向
→
directive
指导的
→
directory
姓名地址录
△
Local
directory
e.g.
①
Which
is
the
direct
way
to
London？
②
Who
directed
the
film？
③
A
directory
is
a
book
with
information
about
a
certain
city
or
area.
P14
62.
category
[?k?t?g?ri]
类别；种类
△
category
of
reference
books.
参考书类
e.g.
It
usually
has
different
categories
and
is
arranged
in
alphabetical
order。
P14
63.
refer
谈到；涉及
把
提交；把?归因；归类
→
reference
参考；出处；推荐人
注明出处；附参考资料
△
refer
to?涉及
△
reference
books
参考书
P14
64.
supply
[s??pla?]
供应；补给；贮备
供应
→
supplier
供应商
△
Beauty
salons
and
suppliers
P14
△
supply
sb
with
sth
supply
sth
to
sb
=
△
offer
sb
sth
offer
sth
to
sb
=
△
provide
sb
with
sth
provide
sth
for
sb
e.g.
①
Who
supply
you
with
meal？
②
The
people
in
the
small
village
are
short
of
electricity
supply.
G：结果状语从句
1.
引导词为从属连词
so
?
that；such
?
that
2.
结构
（1）口诀：名前such，形副so
little这词属特殊少用such，小用so
（2）Exx：
foolish
a
fool
nice
a
flower
a
nice
flower
many/few
flowers
nice
flowers
much/little
money
rapid
progress
many
people
a
lot
of
people
3.
同义句转换：
※
当主从句主语一致时，结果状从so
?
that?；such
?
that?可与too
?
to?
；enough
to?；so
?
as
to
?
转换。
e.g.（1）
①He
is
so
clever
(a
boy)
that
he
can
work
out
the
problem.
=②He
is
such
a
clever
boy
that
he
can
work
out
the
problem.
（2）He
got
up
so
late
that
he
didn’t
catch
the
bus.
=He
got
up
too
late
to
catch
the
bus.
=He
got
up
so
late
as
to
miss
the
bus.
=He
didn’t
get
up
early
enough
to
catch
the
bus.
4.
注意：当so
或such
置于句首时，主句要倒装。
e.g.
So
clever
a
student
was
he
that
he
was
able
to
work
out
all
the
difficult
problem.
（黄冈）-He
was
____
tired
____
he
fell
asleep
as
soon
as
he
lay
down.
-Oh，we
can
got
out
and
let
him
have
a
good
rest.
A.
too,
to
B.
so,
that
C.
enough
to
D.
such,
that
（安徽）Read
it
aloud
____
the
class
can
hear
you.
A.
so
that
B.
if
C.
when
D.
although
（临汾）She
was
____
tired
____
she
could
not
move
an
inch.
A.
so,
that
B.
such,
that
C.
very,
that
D.
so,
as
（山东）It
is
____
that
we’d
like
to
go
out
for
a
walk.
A.
a
lovely
day
B.
too
lovely
a
day
C.
so
lovely
a
day
D.
such
lovely
a
day
（四川）Mary
had
____
much
work
to
do
that
she
stayed
at
her
office
all
day.
A.
such
B.
so
C.
too
D.
very
（青岛）The
child
was
____
immediately
after
supper.
A.
enough
tired
to
go
to
bed
B.
too
tired
to
go
to
bed
C.
so
tired
that
he
went
to
bed
D.
very
tired,
he
went
to
be1