中考英语动词短语和近义词辨析讲解及训练（有答案）

中考动词短语和近义词辨析讲解及训练
1.
break
2.
call
3.
cut
break
down出毛病，拆开
call
up打电话
cut
down砍倒，削减
break
into
闯入，破门而入
call
off取消
cut
up连根拔除，切碎
break
in
插嘴
call
on
sb./at
sw.
拜访
cut
off
切断
break
out
爆炸
call
for
索取，要求
cut
in
插嘴
4.
come
5.
die
6.
fall
come
down下跌，落，
die
of死于（疾病...）
fall
behind落后
come
in进来
die
from死于（外界原因）
fall
down掉下，跌倒
come
out出版，结果是
7.
go
fall
into
落入；陷入
come
on
快点
加油
go
wrong沿着......走
fall
off
从......掉下
come
over走过来
go
over复习，检查
fall
asleep
睡着
come
up
with
提出主意想法
go
by时间过去
8.hold
come
back回来
go
on(with)继续进行
hold
on
to…继续，坚持
come
from来自，源自
go
out外出，熄灭
hold
up举起，使停顿
come
true
实现
go
o
ff发出响声
hold
on别挂电话，等，坚持
9.
give
10.do
11.
keep
give
away赠送
do
one’s
best
to
do
尽力做
keep
up
with跟上
give
out分发
do
well
in
在某方面做的好
keep（stay）away
from
远离
give
up放弃
do
one’s
homework
做作业
keep
on继续，坚持下来
give
off
释放
do
some
reading
读书
keep
off
禁食
12.
hand
13.knock
14.pass
hand
in交上，提交
knock
at/on敲
pass
by经过
hand
out分发
knock
into撞到某人身上
pass
away
去世
15.
talk
16.
set
17.
care
talk
about
讨论......
set
up建立
care
about
担心，关心；
talk
with/to..和......讨论
set
off/out
出发
care
for
照顾，喜欢
18.
clean
19.learn
20.
hear
clean
up
把…打扫干净
learn
about认识到
hear
of
/
about
听说，得知
clean
out
清除；
learn
from
向......学习
hear
from
收到......的信
21.
turn
22.
take
23.
think
turn
on打开
take
after
与…相像
think
of想起，对…看法
turn
off关闭
take
off脱掉，起飞
think
up想出
turn
up
调高
take
away拿走
think
about考虑
turn
down
调低
take
out
拿出来
think
over
仔细考虑
turn
to转向，求助
take
the
place
of
代替
24.
run
turn
back转回去
take
up
开始从事
run
away逃跑
turn
round转过身来
take
part
in
参加
run
off跑掉
turn
into
变成
take
place
发生
run
out
of
用完
turn
out结果是；证明是
take
care
of
照顾
run
after
追逐
25.
put
26.out
break
out
突然爆发
put
up张贴，举起
find
out
找出；查明
come
out
出来，（书）出版
put
out伸出，扑灭
go
out
出去；熄灭
get
out
of
从......出来
put
off推迟
look/watch
out
当心；留神
hang
out
闲逛
put
up
with忍受
look
out
of
向外看
hand
out
分发
put
away放好，整理好
pick
out挑选出
run
out
of
用完
put
down记下，平息
put
out
扑灭
set
out
出发
put
on穿戴，上映，
turn
out
证明是
take
out
拿出
put
back放回
work
out
算出，解决出
keep
out
阻挡
27.
off
28.up
29.away
get
off下车
dress
up
穿上盛装,打扮
far
away（from）
离….遥远的
put
off推迟，拖延
call
up
号召，打电话
get
away
逃离
take
off
脱下，起飞
cheer
up
使…高兴起来.
give
away赠送
go
off发出响声，离开
show
up出席；露面
go
away走开，离去
turn
off
关闭
stay
up
熬夜
put
…away
把…放好
cut
off切断
look
up
查阅,查询
run
away
逃跑
set
off
出发
make
up
构成,编造
pass
away
去世,逝世
break
off突然中止，中断
put
up
挂起，举起，张贴
take
away拿走
keep
off
远离
pick
up
捡起;开车去接...
throw
away扔掉
run
off迅速离开，跑掉
send
up
发出，射出
keep
away
from
远离
be
off离开，走开
set
up
创立,建立,
break
away
强制逃脱
fall
off落下，从....掉下
shut
up
住口
30.dream
show
off炫耀，卖弄
hold
up
举起，挂起
dream
of
梦想
see
off
为...送行
turn
up
开大
dream
about
梦到
fall
off
跌落
take
up
占用（时间）
dream
away
出神，遐想
31.
get
32.
make
33.
look
get
down下来，记下
make
friends
交朋友
look
up查找，向上看
get
on进展，进步，上车
make
telephone
call
打电话
look
through浏览
get
off脱下,下车
make
a
face
做鬼脸
look
at
看
get
over克服，恢复
make
a
noise
发出噪音
look
after
照顾
get
along
with进展，相处
make
mistakes
犯错
look
over
检查
get
up起床
make
up
one’s
mind
下定决心
look
like
看起来像......
get
into
(trouble)
陷入困境中
make
room
for
给......腾地方
look
down
upon
看不起
get
back取回，收回
make
a
decision
做决定
look
for寻找
get
out
of
从哪出来
make
up编造，打扮，组成
look
out当心
向外看
get
to
到达......
be
made
of（看得出）
look
around/round四下查看
get
married
to
与某人结婚
be
made
from(看不出)由…制成
look
forward
to盼望
get
together
聚集
be
made
in
在…生产
look
back
回头看，回顾
34.say，speak，talk，tell
say?强调说的具体内容
?eg?.can?you?say?the?story?in?English???
speak?指说话的能力，后经常跟语言的种类?
eg.?Can?you?speak?English???
tell?告诉，讲诉
?tell?sb?about?sth?告诉某人有关有事?
?tell?sb?(not
)to?do?sth?叫某人(不)做某事
talk?交谈，谈话?
talk?with?sb?与某人交谈??talk?to?sb?给某人说
talk?about?sth?谈论某事?
35.pay，spend，cost，take
sb?pay?+?money?+?for?sth?
某人为…付…钱????(paid,
paid)
sb?spend?+?time/?money?+?on?sth?????(spent,
spent)
sb?spend?+?time/?money?+?(in)?doing?sth??
sth
cost
sb
money
主语是物
(cost,
cost)
It?takes?sb?+?time?+?to?do?sth??
主语是it
(took,
taken)
36.到达某地的几种表达法??
get?to?+名词?
get?+副词(不用to)????
reach+名词/副词?
reach后不接宾语不能单独使用?
e.g.?Do?you?know?when?he?will?reach??(错误)?
arrive?in/at?+大/小地点?（后接副词，不用at/in）??
e.g.?get?to?Shanghai=reach?Shanghai?=arrive?in?Shanghai到达上海?
e.g.?reach?home=get?home=arrive?home?到家???
37.look?for/find/find?out/search
look?for?寻找（着重指过程）??
find?寻找（着重指结果）??
find?out?（经过查询，研究）找到结果，发现秘密?????
search?sb?搜身??search?sp?for?sb/sth?为了搜查某人、物而搜寻某地?
38.used
used?to?do?sth?过去常常做某事???????
get
/
be?used?to?doing?sth?习惯于做某事???
get
/
be?used?to?do?sth?被用来做某事????
get
/
be?used?for?doing?sth?被用来做某事???
39.rise/raise
raise是及物动词，后面一定要加宾语。“使升高，举起，筹集，抚养，引起，激发，提出”
e.g.?Why
didn't
you
raise
the
question
at
the
meeting?
raise
one's
hand
举起
raise
your
voice
提高
raise
some
money筹集
raise
traffic
jams引起
raise
one’s
interest
激起
raise
some
questions提出
raise
a
baby养育
rise是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语。“上升，升高，上涨”
e.g.The
sun
rises
in
the
east.
40.join/join
in/take
part
in/attend/enter
for
"join"是"加入"的意思，表示参加某一团体、组织、机构,并作为其中一员
eg:Will
you
join
us?/
joined
the
Labour
Party/the
Army
"join
in"是"参加活动"的意思，eg:joined
in
the
singing
"take
part
in"也是"参加"的意思,一般是参加活动，eg:take
part
in
the
singing
group
"enter
for"是"报名参加"的意思，eg:enter
for
the
maths
contest
"attend"
是"出席,参加"的意思，eg:attend
a
meeting
参加/
出席会议
attend
a
lecture
听报告
41.lie/lie/lay
lay（放）,
lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：
中
文
原
形
过
去
式
过去分词
现在分词
说
明
放，下蛋
lay
laid
laid
laying
及物动词
躺，位于
lie
lay
lain
lying
不及物动词
说谎
lie
lied
lied
lying
不及物动词
巩固提升：
I．Choose
the
best
answer
(选择最恰当的答案)：
1.Everyone
should
________
animals
and
be
friendly
to
them.
A.
care
for
B.
take
care
C.
set
off
D.
take
off
2.
Traffic
jams
in
big
cities
________
lots
of
questions
about
transport
policy.
A.
has
risen
B.
have
risen
C.
have
raised
D.
has
raised
3.
She
left
the
meeting
early
because
she
had
to
________
her
son
from
school.
A.
put
up
B.
pick
up
C.
take
up
D.
bring
up
4.
If
you
have
any
trouble
spelling
the
words,
you
can
________the
dictionary.
A.
look
for
B.
look
up
C.
turn
to
D.
look
at
5.
Mary
________
every
Saturday
afternoon
volunteering
in
an
old
people’s
home.
A.
takes
B.
spends
C.
costs
D.
pays
6.
When
I
was
still
a
child,
I
________
fishing
in
the
river
around
my
hometown.
A.
took
up
B.
took
off
C.
took
out
D.
took
away
7.
It
was
a
heavy
burden(负担)
for
David
to
________
the
whole
family
after
he
lost
a
job
of
high
salary.
A.
reach
B.
continue
C.
raise
D.
control
8.
Because
of
the
terrible
weather,
our
school
sports
meeting
has
to
be
_________
till
next
week.
A.
put
out
B.
put
up
C.
put
off
D.
put
down
9.
Our
chemistry
teacher
often
does
chemical
________
in
his
classes.
A.
expenses
B.
exhibitions
C.
excuses
D.
experiments
10.
The
doctor
ordered
the
patient
to
________
all
food
for
at
least
twenty-four
hours.
A.
take
off
B.
keep
off
C.
show
off
D.
give
off
11.
Tom
likes
to
________
his
knowledge
about
dinosaurs
in
front
of
his
classmates.
A.
put
off
B.
turn
off
C.
keep
off
D.
show
off
12.
I
was
sorry
that
I
couldn’t
________the
last
problem
on
the
examination
paper.
A.
take
out
B.
work
out
C.
put
out
D.
give
out
13.
Suddenly
all
the
lights
in
the
hall
________
and
no
one
knew
what
had
happened.
A.
went
on
B.
went
out
C.
put
on
D.
put
out
14.
We
learn
that
computers
cannot
completely
________
of
human
beings
to
do
all
kinds
of
work.
A.
take
hold
B.
take
charge
C.
take
place
D.
take
the
place
15.
When
the
guests
came
in,
he
_________
to
welcome
them
warmly
and
politely.
A.
rose
B.
raised
C.
stood
D.
sat
16.
His
idea
________
to
be
right
though
some
people
complained
much
about
that
at
first
A.
turned
over
B.
turned
down
C.
turned
up
D.
turned
out
17.
Peter
will
_______
the
8:15
train
to
Suzhou
if
he
doesn’t
hurry
up.
A.
take
B.
catch
C.
get
D.
miss
18.
People
in
English-speaking
countries
usually_______“take
care”
to
their
family
or
friends
when
they
leave.
A.
say
B.
speak
C.
tell
D.
talk
19.
—Do
you
know
Tsering
Danzhou,
a
Tibetan
ten-year-old
boy
in
Yushu?
—Yes,
He
_______
the
people
his
great
help
as
a
translator
(翻译)
after
the
earthquake.
A.
provided
B.
supported
C.
offered
D.
afforded
20.
Ann
_______
her
son
to
school
by
car
before
going
to
work
every
morning.
A.
brings
B.
collects
C.
carries
D.
takes
21.Some
questions_______at
their
class
meeting
last
week.
A)raised
B)rose
C)were
risen
D)were
raised
22.My
grandmother_____wash
clothes
by
hand
but
now
she______doing
it
with
the
washing
machine.
used
to...used
to
B.
is
used
to...is
used
to
C.
is
used
to...used
to
D.
used
to...is
used
to
23.
A
lot
of
flights
were
________
because
of
the
smog(雾霾)last
month.
A)
put
down
B)
put
up
C)
put
off
D)
put
out
24.I
think
Robert’s
voice
________
similar
to
your
uncle’s
on
the
phone.
A)
hears
B)
sounds
C)
listens
D)
listens
to
25.Many
people
had________Mo
Yan
before
he
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
for
Literature.
A.
taken
care
of
B.
heard
of
C.
got
rid
of
D.
consisted
of
26.Trees
can
_________CO2.
So
we
must
protect
them.
A)
take
part
in
B)
take
in
C)
take
place
D)
take
into
27.
Paul’s
parents
were
worried
that
he
_________too
much
time
chatting
on
line.
A)
spent
B)
cost
C)
paid
D)
took
28.
It
is
common
in
Britain
for
students
to
________
new
hobbies
after
the
Christmas
holidays.
A)
take
up
B)
take
in
C)
take
off
D)
take
away
29.
It
is
said
Mr.
Benson
will
be
in
charge
of
our
club
next
month.
The
underlined
part
means________.
A)
take
place
B)
take
charge
of
C)
take
one's
advice
D)
take
hold
of
30.Young
Jimmy
__________
painting
two
weeks
ago,
but
soon
he
lost
interest
in
it.
A.
took
up
B.
took
off
C.
took
out
D.
took
away
31.
Don't
worry!
I'm
sure
you'll
________
your
classmates
if
you
are
kind
and
friendly
to
them.
A.
catch
up
with
B.
agree
with
C.
get
on
well
with
D.
keep
in
touch
with
32.
When
you
leave
your
classroom,
remember
to________the
lights.
A
.get
off
B
.turn
off
C.
take
off
D.
put
off
33.I
________too
late
last
night,
so
I
am
very
tired
now.
A.
called
up
B.
set
up
C.
stayed
up
D.
showed
up
34.
Have
you
got
a
letter
from
your
mother
lately?
The
underlined
part
means“________”
.
A.
heard
of
B.
heard
about
C.
heard
from
D.
heard
as
35.
Believe
it
or
not,
the
Australian
captain's
words
_______to
be
true
later.
A.
turned
over
B.
turned
on
C.
turned
out
D.
turned
off
36.
You
will
be
independent
some
day,
so
you
should
rely
on
yourself.
The
underlined
part
means
______.
A
.care
for
B.
deal
with
C.
depend
on
D.
look
after
37.
Please
________
the
tigers.
It's
dangerous
to
take
photos
with
them.
A.
keep
off
B.
take
off
C.
get
off
D.
turn
off
38.All
computers
consist
of
five
units
although
they
are
of
different
kinds.
The
underlined
part
means
"______".
A
.get
rid
of
B.
are
made
up
of
C
.deal
with
D.
are
located
in
39.
The
traditional
medicine
_______
to
be
effective
in
treating
the
old
lady’s
stomache-ache.
A.
turned
over
B.
turned
out
C.
turned
on
D.
turned
into
40.
The
explosion
of
Japanese
nuclear
power
plant
_______
after
the
earthquake.
A
.took
the
place
B.
took
place
C.
took
out
D.
took
up
41.
The
sports
meeting
had
to
be
________
because
of
the
heavy
rain.
A.
put
off
B.
put
on
C.
put
out
D.
put
up
42.
The
operation
had
to
be
delayed
because
of
the
patient's
health
condition.
The
underlined
part
means
.
A.take
off
B.set
off
C.put
off
D.show
off
43.
Please________
the
word
in
the
English-Chinese
dictionary
if
you
don't
know
it.
A.
look
up
B.
take
up
C.
put
up
D.
give
up
44.Tony
apologized
to
his
friend
for
not
replying
to
his
E-mail
immediately.
The
underlined
part
means
"________".
A.
did
harm
to
B.
said
sorry
to
C.
complained
about
D.
heard
from
45.
Many
Junior
Three
students
______their
hobbies
because
of
their
busy
school
work.
A
stay
up
B.
take
up
C.
give
up
D.
put
up
46.I’11________taking
photo
after
I
retire.
I
think
it
is
a
good
hobby.
A.
take
away
B.
take
off
C.
take
out
D
.take
up
47.
The
water
in
the
river
___________
three
feet
last
night
because
of
the
sudden
flood.
A)
raised
B)
rose
C)
grew
D)
added
48.
Thanks
for
your
invitation,
but
I’m
so
sorry
I
can’t
go.
I
need
to
______
my
baby
at
home.
?????
A.
take
away???????
B.
take
off???????????
C.
take
care
of???????
D.
take
out
of
49,
Again
and
again
the
doctor________the
crying
baby
girl,
but
he
couldn’t
find
out??what
was
wrong
with
her.
A.
looked
over?????????B.
looked
after???
C.
looked
for??
D.
looked
out
50.
—So
many
problems!
I’m
tired.
??
—You
should
try
to?????????____them
by
yourself.
You
are
not
a
child
any
longer.
A.
get
into????????????
B.
get
off???????
C.
get
on???????????
D.
get
over
51.You
are______to
type
quickly
when
talking
to
each
other
on
QQ
so
the
other
person
doesn't
get
bored.
?
A.
suggested?????
B.
supported????????
C.
taught????
D.
supposed
52.
—Why
do
you
collect
so
many
old
bikes?
?
?—I'll
have
them
______and
give
away
to
the
children
who
don't
have
bikes.
used
up????????
B.
given
up?????????
C.
fixed
up??????
D.
set
up
53.If
Bob
doesn’t
______
hope,
he
will
surely
succeed
in
finishing
his
project.
give
in
B)
give
up
C)
give
out
D)
give
off
Many
social
workers
went
to
Ya’an
to
help????????
clean
water
and
food
to
local
people
to
reduce
their
pain
from
the
earthquake.
A.
put
out??????????????
B.
come
out???????????
C.
work
out???????????
D.
give
out
55.
My
home
is
far
away
from
my
school,so
my
mother
always______me
at
school
and
drives
home
everyday.
A.picks
up
B.
take
up
C.
put
up
D.bring
up
56.The
boy
is
sleeping.
Please
_________the
radio.
A.
turn
up
B.
turn
down
C.
turn
on
D.turn
over
57.
—What
smells
terrible?
—Sorry,
I’ll
_______
my
shoes
and
wash
them
at
once.
A.
put
away??????
B.
take
away?????
C.
move
away??????
D.
get
away
58.
Here
is
the
book.
First
_________
it
and
then
tell
me
what
you
think
of
it.
???????A.
look
into???????????
B.
look
through??????
C.
look
up?????????????D.
look
after
59.
—What
kind
of
persons
do
you
prefer
to
make
friends
with?
???
—I
choose
my
friends
on
their
characters
and
how
we
__________.
???????A.
get
in?????????
B.
get
up????????
C.
get
on????????
D.
get
off
60.
—
Who's
the
most
modest
boy
in
your
class?
—
Daniel.
He
never
________
in
public.
???????A.
gets
off?????????????
B.
takes
off??
C.
shows
off?????????D.
turns
off
61.David
Burt’s
dream
in
China
is
to
go
into
the
west
and?????_____an
early
childhood
school
there.
A.
clean
up????????????B.
look
up?????????????
C.
give
up?????????????D.
set
up
62.
—
Mum,
where
are
my
socks?
—
Under
your
bed.
You
should
_________
your
things.
A.?put
on????????????????B.
put
down?????????????
C.
put
away
D.put
up
Keys:
1-10
ACBBB
ACCDB
11-20
DBBDA
DDACD
21-30
DDCBB
BAABB
31-40
CBCCC
CABBB
41-50ACABC
CACAD
51-60
DCBDA
BBBCC
61-62
DC
拓展提升：
I．Choose
the
best
answer
(选择最恰当的答案)：
1.
I
don't
know
Sam's
telephone
number.
Will
you
please
_______in
your
address
book
for
me?.
A.
look
up
it
B.
look
it
up
C
look
for
it
D.
look
at
it
2.
Don’t_______your
coat,
Tom.It’s
easy
to
catch
a
cold
in
spring.
A.
take
away
B.
take
off
C.
take
down
D.
take
out
3.
—Shall
we
call
for
a
taxi?
—Ok.
Let
me
________
the
phone
number
in
Yellow
Pages.
A.
look
at
B.
look
for
C.
look
up
D.
look
after
4.
How
magnificent
the
Bund
looks
at
night
when
all
the
lights
are
_______!
A.
turned
over
B.
turned
off
C.
turned
down
D.
turned
on
5.
Thousands
of
spectators
came
to
Shanghai
to
_______
the
48th
World
Table
Tennis
Championships.
A.
see
B.
notice
C.
watch
D.
look
6.
Millions
of
Shanghai
citizens
are
learning
to
_______
English
for
the
2010
World
Expo.
A.
tell
B.
speak
C.
say
D.
talk
7.
To
________
his
sick
mother,
David
goes
to
the
hospital
after
work
every
day.
A.
take
charge
of
B.
take
hold
of
C.
take
care
of
D.
take
the
place
of
8.
It
_______several
years
to
build
Qinghai-Tibet
Railway,
the
highest
railway
in
the
world.
A.
spent
B.
took
C.
cost
D.
paid
9.
John
_______his
passport
everywhere,
but
he
still
couldn’t
find
it.
A.
looked
like
B.
looked
up
C.
looked
for
D.
looked
at
10.
My
teachers
have
helped
me
a
lot
and
I’m
________them.
A.
worried
about
B.
surprised
at
C.
afraid
of
D.
thankful
to
11.
Our
monitor
has
won
the
first
prize
in
the
competition.
We’re
very
_______
him.
A.
busy
with
B.
famous
for
C.
good
at
D.
proud
of
12.
The
plane
from
Shanghai
to
Paris
will
______
in
an
hour.
A.
take
up
B.
take
away
C.
take
out
D.
take
off
13.
After
a
long
journey,
the
eight
pandas
from
Wolong
safely
_______in
Beijing.
A.
arrived
B.
reached
C.
got
D.
came
14.
The
room
is
very
dark.
I
can’t
_______
anything
clearly
without
a
light.
A.
watch
B.
look
C.
see
D.
notice
15.
Once
a
year,
people
take
part
in
“________Lights”
activity
to
help
save
energy.
A.
Show
off
B.
Turn
off
C.
Take
off
D.
Put
off
16.
Your
homework
is
well
done.
Just
_______some
small
mistakes
in
it.
A.
create
B.
connect
C.
correct
D.
control
17.
The
customers
are
pleased
with
the
_______
the
the
restaurant.
A.
balance
B.
experience
C.
surface
D.
service
18.
The
bus
is
coming.
Be
careful
when
you
_______the
bus.
A.
get
on
B.
get
off
C.
get
up
D.
get
to
19.
Though
I
_______
the
phone
number
many
times,
the
foreigner
still
couldn’t
write
it
down.
A.
repeated
B.
refused
C.
researched
D.
recognized
20.
The
lady
_______
dancing
as
a
hobby
in
her
sixties,
and
she
is
really
good
at
it
now.
A.
dressed
up
B.
looked
up
C.
took
up
D.
put
up
Keys:
1.
B
2.
B
3.C
4.D
5.C
6.B
7.C
8.B
9.C
10.D
11.D
12.D
13.A
14.C
15.B
16.C
17.D
18.A
19.A
20.C