江苏省徐州市铜山区郑集高中2020-2021学年高二年级2月周练（三）英语试卷 Word版含答案（无听力答案）

2020-2021学年江苏省郑集高级中学高二上学期2月周练（三）英语试卷
（考试时间：120分钟；试卷满分：150分）
本试卷由四个部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分三节(单词拼写,翻译句子,书面表达)为非选择题。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
Why does the man need a map?
A.To tour Manchester. B.To find a restaurant. C.To learn about China.
2.What does the woman want to do for vacation?
A.Go to the beach. B.Travel to Colorado. C.Learn to snowboard.
3.What will the man probably do?
A.Take the job. B.Refuse the offer. C.Change the working hours.
4.What does the woman say about John?
A.He won't wait for her. B.He won't come home today. C.He won't be on time for dinner.
5.What will the speakers probably do next?
A.Order some boxes. B.Go home and rest. C.Continue working.
第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.How does the woman usually go to work?
A.By car. B.By bus. C.By train.
7.What do the speakers agree about taking the train?
A.It is safer. B.It is faster. C.It is cheaper
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.What does the man suggest the woman do?
A.Save up for the car. B.Go to another car dealer. C.Ask someone to check the car.
9.What is the salesman going to do?
A.Give a discount. B.Stick to a high price C.Ask for cash payment.
10.How will the man help the woman?
A.Lend money to her. B.Drive her car home. C.Take care of her car.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What does the woman think of the living expenses in the city?
A.Fairly low. B.Just Okay. C.Very high.
12.What does the woman spend most on?
A.Meals. B.Trains. C.Clothes.
13. What does the woman do in her free time?
A.See films. B.Travel around. C.Go for a drink.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14.What will Rebecca do on June 12?
A.Go on a business trip.
B.Organize a trade exhibition.
C.Meet the people from Head Office.
15.What is John preparing for the meeting?
A.A report. B.A timetable. C.A speech.
16.When do the speakers decide to have the meeting?
A.On June 3. B.On June 10. C.On June 17.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What did the speaker decide to do after lunch that day?
A.Stay to help her friend. B.Drive home in the rain. C.Wait for the rain to stop
18.What can we learn about the speaker then?
A.She worked at a hotel. B.She had bought a new car. C.She was having a baby soon.
19.Where did the speaker meet the taxi passenger?
A.At a crossroads. B.In front of a hotel. C.Beside a car park.
20.What does the speaker talk about?
An exciting lunch party. B.A well-known short story. C.An unforgettable experience
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
阅读理解
A
MEMORANDUM (备忘录)
To: All members of the sales department
From: Annette Derringer
Re: Year-end party
Date: November 26
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is just a quick note to let you all know the arrangements for next month抯 year-end party. As you know, the party will be held at the Green Vale Country Club, which we have reserved between 7:30 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. on the evening of December 21st. I抳e received replies from almost all of you confirming attendance, but if you haven抰 let me know yet, please do so in the next day or two. Tickets for all employees have been covered by the company.
The Green Vale manager has asked me to explain one or two things to those of you who have not been there before. Basically, there is sufficient parking space for only 100 vehicles, so they would like to ask those of you planning to drive, try to car-pool as much as possible. Also, the number of lockers available is small, so guests should try to keep belongings to a minimum.
Thanks in advance.
To: Annette Derringer aderringer@belway.com
36. What抯 the main purpose of the memorandum?
A. To explain the arrangement for an event.
B. To encourage people to travel by car.
C. To ask for help arranging a party.
D. To thank people for attending the party.
37. Why does Kyle Berwick write to Annette Derringer? Because he wants to ________
A. ask the price of movie tickets B. explain why he cannot come to the party
C. request directions to a hotel D. ask if he may bring guests to the party
38. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The manager of the Green Vale doesn抰 hope they go there by car.
B. Annette takes charge of the arrangement of year-end party.
C. They can take as many belongings as they can with them when going to the Green Vale.
D. Kyle Berwick won抰 bring the guests to go to the party if he has to pay the tickets.
B
Elephant seals in funny-looking hats are helping NASA study climate science.
Equipped with specialized sensors that resemble tiny metal hats with antennae(大线），these seals are collecting data that's helping researchers track how heat moves through ocean currents. A team of climate scientists led by Lia Siegelman used this clever technique to track changes in temperature as the seal swam the icy waters of the Antarctic.
With the help of one particularly female seal,the researchers discovered that heat stored at the ocean's depths can sometimes get swirled(打旋）back up to the surface thanks to some deeply penetrating(穿透）currents.While researchers have known that these currents can ferry heat downward into the ocean's interior(内部），the new findings suggest the opposite is true as well-driving a process that can warm the sea's surface as well.
Siegelman thinks it's important to include this new information into existing climate models.Before seals entered the picture,scientists had a pretty limited view of what went on beneath the surface of the Southern Ocean.Here,temperatures can suddenly fall below－1℃,and thick sheets of sea ice block instruments from collecting data.All in all,it's a pretty unappealing area for underwater field work.
But none of that troubles southern elephant seals,which spend nine to ten months of each year at sea,swimming thousands of miles and diving up to half a mile beneath the ocean surface-usually about 80 times a day.
So Siegelman and her colleagues tagged a female elephant seal on the Kerguelen Islands.The researchers followed her 3,000-mile journey,during which she dived 6,333 times."Even when they sleep,they dive,"Siegelman said.揟hey float down like a leaf."
Combined with satellite imagesthe wealth of data the seal recovered gave Siegelman and her team a clearer picture than they'd ever been afforded before.It's probably safe to say that the significance of this was lost on the seal.But from the human perspective(观点），it's clear seals are filling in some massive gaps in knowledge.
39. How did the researchers collect climate data in the Antarctic?
A. By testing a high-tech hat.
B. By studying a seal's behavior.
C. By measuring the water temperature.
D. By attaching a sensor to a seal's head.
40. The new findings indicate that_
A. ocean currents can drive heat up to the surface
B. heat can be taken down into the ocean's interior
C. the warm temperatures can help seals dive deep
D. the world's waters can balance global warming
41. The researchers used seals to monitor the Southern Ocean probably because.
A. the scenery is unattractive
B. the sea floor is changeable
C. seals are aggressive hunters
D. seals are extraordinary divers
42. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Seals help us observe the unknown world.
B. Satellites are used to track human activities.
C. The ocean presents a more beautiful picture.
D. Data are analyzed for better survival of seals.
C
揘ew and improved. 揟hese words are put in so many marketing campaigns that we tend to accept them as linked. But many new drugs aren抰 an improvement over the best existing drug for a given condition, and the fast drug-approval processes in recent years have added to the uncertainty about their advantages.
A recent report in the British Medical Journal, 揘ew Drugs: Where Did We Go Wrong and What Can We Do Better? 揂nalyzed the issue. The authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017:152 were newly developed, and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25%offered a major advantage over the established treatment, and fully 58%had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.
揟his doesn抰 mean there抯 no added benefit, 搇ead author Wissler said. 揑t just means we have no positive proof. Either we have no studies or have studies not good enough. 揥issler and her co-authors work for a German institute which evaluates new treatments and advises on whether the country抯 health care system should pay a premium(补贴)for them. Such organizations, known as health technology assessment(HTA)agencies, work a little differently in the US, says Sean Tunisia researcher in Baltimore: “If payers think a new drug isn’t better than an existing drug, these agencies will require that hospitals try the cheaper drug first.
Germanys HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn抰 always practical. For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming, with no guarantee of success. Secondly, it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives. This is already happening. Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with, such as rare diseases.
This lack of meaningful data to guide patients is a major point of Wissler抯 paper. With accelerated approval, there are more products approved, with a greater amount of uncertainty about risks and benefits. But there are other solutions besides drug trials. One idea is to require postmarked studies to track the effectiveness of newly approved drugs梐 step too often neglected.
43. What message does the recent report convey?
A. Improved drugs have advantages over old ones.
B. Many new drugs have no improved advantages.
C. Before 2017 no improvement was made to drugs.
D. The approval processes for new drugs are too fast.
44. What will US HTA agencies do when no advantage is found in new drugs?
A. Get hospitals to use the cheaper drugs.
B. Remove government premium on them.
C. Arrange financial support for the patients.
D. Put new drugs on further trials and studies.
45 What抯 the disadvantage of Germany抯 HTA trial demands?
A. Getting patients to depend on the government for support.
B. Making drug companies think of illegal ways to cut cost.
C. Holding companies back from improving existing drugs.
D. Pushing companies to try alternatives for existing drugs.
46. What is the best title for the text?
A. The Advantage of Existing Drugs
B. A Dilemma with New Drug Alternatives
C. Misunderstanding of New and Old Drugs
D. People抯 Preference for New or Old Drug
D
The British government declared that a ''proper piece of work'' was being carried out to look into the possibility of linking Scotland to Northern Ireland via a bridge spanning the Irish Sea. At the moment, the leading candidates for the locations of the route are Portpatrick on the Scottish coast and Larne on the Northern Irish coast.
Length aside, there are a number of other significant challenges that such an enormous project would raise. For example, there抯 the depth of the sea, which at times reaches 300 metres, and the large spans that would be required to let any ships pass under the bridge safely, explained Ian Firth, a structural engineer at the Institution of Civil Engineers.
''One solution might be to use floating foundations. '' he said. ''You have a floating pontoon(水上浮台) held below the surface of the water.You still have to get down there and drill holes in the rock down below, but you're now just tying it down with some cables. Then the floating platform is held below the waves----you don't want it at the surface because then you抮e getting wave action and tidal action. You stand your bridge structures on those floating platforms. That抯 the sort of thing that potentially could be doable. ''
Even so, such a structure would still leave those travelling across it at the mercy of high winds and heavy rain, even taking into account any weather shielding measures that could be fitted. However, there may be another solution.
''There's another type of floating structure, a submerged(水下的) floating tunnel. It’s not through the rock but under the water, '' said Firth. ''You attach it down, shall we say 20 metres below the water, so that ships can go happily across the top of it, but the thing is actually floating. If you're in your car, you抮e driving, in effect, through a tunnel. That is a very interesting, and I think really quite potentially practical solution. ''
But it's early days and there are many factors to consider, such as the ability of the transport links either side of the crossing to cope with additional traffic, and the fact that it may be more efficient to upgrade the existing ferry infrastructure, before any kind of design work could begin.
''At the moment it is an idea and not much more than that. To begin with, we'd need a pre-feasibility study which looks at what the options are so that we can actually frame the range of a feasibility(可行性) study, '' said Firth, ''After that people like me could go away and turn over what the options are. I believe it's possible. But 'possible' and 'affordable' are two different things. I抦 not trying to put numbers to it, but it is eye-wateringly expensive, and nothing like it has been attempted before. But we're in the business of finding solutions to challenges. We civil structural engineers are good at that kind of thing. ''
47. From Paragraphs 1 and 2, engineers may focus efforts on the ______ of the bridge-to-be.
A. cost B. location
C. structure D. reliability
48. What might be the major drawback to the first solution?
A. It is impossible to build a bridge on floating platforms.
B. It takes much labor to tie floating platforms with cables.
C. Wave and tidal action can easily destroy floating platforms.
D. Traffic flow will be subject to severe weather conditions.
49. What can we learn from Firth's words in the last paragraph?
A. Bridge construction is more of an assumption than a detailed plan.
B. Engineers have reached a consensus on the feasibility of the project.
C. They are trying to update the structural design to control costs.
D. Previous similar attempts do help them draw up a feasible plan.
50. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Why not float?
B. A bridge too far?
C. Overlooking the Irish Sea
D. Meeting new Scottish friends
A
From: Kyle Berwick
Date: Nov 28
Subject: Year-end party
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annette,
This is to let you know that I will be able to attend the year-end party at the Green Vale Country Club on the 21st although I don抰 think I will be able to arrive before 8:30. I was wondering if it would also be possible to bring a couple of guests. I know it is a bit of a last minute request, but my brother and his wife are planning to visit us at that time, and I know they抎 love to see the Green Vale. If it is not a problem, then can you let me know how much I should pay for their tickets? Also, assuming this is OK, I was planning to drive down in a single car, to reduce the need for parking and also to allow us to keep our belongings in the car.
I have a couple of days off before the party, but I抣l be in my office until the 17th, so could you get back to me before then? Thanks a lot,
MEMORANDUM (备忘录)
To: All members of the sales department
From: Annette Derringer
Re: Year-end party
Date: November 26
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is just a quick note to let you all know the arrangements for next month抯 year-end party. As you know, the party will be held at the Green Vale Country Club, which we have reserved between 7:30 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. on the evening of December 21st. I抳e received replies from almost all of you confirming attendance, but if you haven抰 let me know yet, please do so in the next day or two. Tickets for all employees have been covered by the company.
The Green Vale manager has asked me to explain one or two things to those of you who have not been there before. Basically, there is sufficient parking space for only 100 vehicles, so they would like to ask those of you planning to drive, try to car-pool as much as possible. Also, the number of lockers available is small, so guests should try to keep belongings to a minimum.
Thanks in advance.
To: Annette Derringer aderringer@belway.com
36. What抯 the main purpose of the memorandum?
A. To explain the arrangement for an event.
B. To encourage people to travel by car.
C. To ask for help arranging a party.
D. To thank people for attending the party.
37. Why does Kyle Berwick write to Annette Derringer? Because he wants to ________.
A. ask the price of movie tickets B. explain why he cannot come to the party
C. request directions to a hotel D. ask if he may bring guests to the party
38. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The manager of the Green Vale doesn抰 hope they go there by car.
B. Annette takes charge of the arrangement of year-end party.
C. They can take as many belongings as they can with them when going to the Green Vale.
D. Kyle Berwick won抰 bring the guests to go to the party if he has to pay the tickets.
B
Elephant seals in funny-looking hats are helping NASA study climate science.
Equipped with specialized sensors that resemble tiny metal hats with antennae(大线），these seals are collecting data that's helping researchers track how heat moves through ocean currents. A team of climate scientists led by Lia Siegelman used this clever technique to track changes in temperature as the seal swam the icy waters of the Antarctic.
With the help of one particularly female seal,the researchers discovered that heat stored at the ocean's depths can sometimes get swirled(打旋）back up to the surface thanks to some deeply penetrating(穿透）currents.While researchers have known that these currents can ferry heat downward into the ocean's interior(内部），the new findings suggest the opposite is true as well-driving a process that can warm the sea's surface as well.
Siegelman thinks it's important to include this new information into existing climate models.Before seals entered the picture,scientists had a pretty limited view of what went on beneath the surface of the Southern Ocean.Here,temperatures can suddenly fall below－1℃,and thick sheets of sea ice block instruments from collecting data.All in all,it's a pretty unappealing area for underwater field work.
But none of that troubles southern elephant seals,which spend nine to ten months of each year at sea,swimming thousands of miles and diving up to half a mile beneath the ocean surface-usually about 80 times a day.
So Siegelman and her colleagues tagged a female elephant seal on the Kerguelen Islands.The researchers followed her 3,000-mile journey,during which she dived 6,333 times."Even when they sleep,they dive,"Siegelman said.
hey float down like a leaf."
Combined with satellite images,the wealth of data the seal recovered gave Siegelman and her team a clearer picture than they'd ever been afforded before.It's probably safe to say that the significance of this was lost on the seal.But from the human perspective(观点），it's clear seals are filling in some massive gaps in knowledge.
39. How did the researchers collect climate data in the Antarctic?
A. By testing a high-tech hat.
B. By studying a seal's behavior.
C. By measuring the water temperature.
D. By attaching a sensor to a seal's head.
40. The new findings indicate that_
A. ocean currents can drive heat up to the surface
B. heat can be taken down into the ocean's interior
C. the warm temperatures can help seals dive deep
D. the world's waters can balance global warming
41. The researchers used seals to monitor the Southern Ocean probably because.
A. the scenery is unattractive
B. the sea floor is changeable
C. seals are aggressive hunters
D. seals are extraordinary divers
42. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Seals help us observe the unknown world.
B. Satellites are used to track human activities.
C. The ocean presents a more beautiful picture.
D. Data are analyzed for better survival of seals.
C
揘ew and improved. 揟hese words are put in so many marketing campaigns that we tend to accept them as linked. But many new drugs aren抰 an improvement over the best existing drug for a given condition, and the fast drug-approval processes in recent years have added to the uncertainty about their advantages.
A recent report in the British Medical Journal, 揘ew Drugs: Where Did We Go Wrong and What Can We Do Better? 揂nalyzed the issue. The authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017:152 were newly developed, and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25%offered a major advantage over the established treatment, and fully 58%had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.
揟his doesn抰 mean there抯 no added benefit, 搇ead author Wissler said. 揑t just means we have no positive proof. Either we have no studies or have studies not good enough. 揥issler and her co-authors work for a German institute which evaluates new treatments and advises on whether the country抯 health care system should pay a premium(补贴)for them. Such organizations, known as health technology assessment(HTA)agencies, work a little differently in the US, says Sean Tunisia researcher in Baltimore: “If payers think a new drug isn’t better than an existing drug, these agencies will require that hospitals try the cheaper drug first.
Germanys HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn抰 always practical. For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming, with no guarantee of success. Secondly, it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives. This is already happening. Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with, such as rare diseases.
This lack of meaningful data to guide patients is a major point of Wissler抯 paper. With accelerated approval, there are more products approved, with a greater amount of uncertainty about risks and benefits. But there are other solutions besides drug trials. One idea is to require postmarked studies to track the effectiveness of newly approved drugs梐 step too often neglected.
43. What message does the recent report convey?
A. Improved drugs have advantages over old ones.
B. Many new drugs have no improved advantages.
C. Before 2017 no improvement was made to drugs.
D. The approval processes for new drugs are too fast.
44. What will US HTA agencies do when no advantage is found in new drugs?
A. Get hospitals to use the cheaper drugs.
B. Remove government premium on them.
C. Arrange financial support for the patients.
D. Put new drugs on further trials and studies.
45. What抯 the disadvantage of Germany抯 HTA trial demands?
A. Getting patients to depend on the government for support.
B. Making drug companies think of illegal ways to cut cost.
C. Holding companies back from improving existing drugs.
D. Pushing companies to try alternatives for existing drugs.
46. What is the best title for the text?
A. The Advantage of Existing Drugs
B A Dilemma with New Drug Alternatives
C. Misunderstanding of New and Old Drugs
D. People抯 Preference for New or Old Drug
D
The British government declared that a ''proper piece of work'' was being carried out to look into the possibility of linking Scotland to Northern Ireland via a bridge spanning the Irish Sea. At the moment the leading candidates for the locations of the route are Portpatrick on the Scottish coast and Larne on the Northern Irish coast.
Length aside, there are a number of other significant challenges that such an enormous project would raise. For example, there抯 the depth of the sea, which at times reaches 300 metres, and the large spans that would be required to let any ships pass under the bridge safely, explained Ian Firth, a structural engineer at the Institution of Civil Engineers.
''One solution might be to use floating foundations. '' he said. ''You have a floating pontoon(水上浮台) held below the surface of the water.You still have to get down there and drill holes in the rock down below, but you're now just tying it down with some cables. Then the floating platform is held below the waves----you don't want it at the surface because then you抮e getting wave action and tidal action. You stand your bridge structures on those floating platforms. That抯 the sort of thing that potentially could be doable. ''
Even so, such a structure would still leave those travelling across it at the mercy of high winds and heavy rain, even taking into account any weather shielding measures that could be fitted. However, there may be another solution.
''There's another type of floating structure, a submerged(水下的) floating tunnel. It’s not through the rock but under the water, '' said Firth. ''You attach it down, shall we say 20 metres below the water, so that ships can go happily across the top of it, but the thing is actually floating. If you're in your car, you抮e driving, in effect, through a tunnel. That is a very interesting, and I think really quite potentially practical solution. ''
But it's early days and there are many factors to consider, such as the ability of the transport links either side of the crossing to cope with additional traffic, and the fact that it may be more efficient to upgrade the existing ferry infrastructure, before any kind of design work could begin.
''At the moment it is an idea and not much more than that. To begin with, we'd need a pre-feasibility study which looks at what the options are so that we can actually frame the range of a feasibility(可行性) study, '' said Firth, ''After that people like me could go away and turn over what the options are. I believe it's possible. But 'possible' and 'affordable' are two different things. I抦 not trying to put numbers to it, but it is eye-wateringly expensive, and nothing like it has been attempted before. But we're in the business of finding solutions to challenges. We civil structural engineers are good at that kind of thing. ''
47. From Paragraphs 1 and 2, engineers may focus efforts on the ______ of the bridge-to-be.
A. cost B. location
C. structure D. reliability
48. What might be the major drawback to the first solution?
A. It is impossible to build a bridge on floating platforms.
B. It takes much labor to tie floating platforms with cables.
C. Wave and tidal action can easily destroy floating platforms.
D. Traffic flow will be subject to severe weather conditions.
49. What can we learn from Firth's words in the last paragraph?
A. Bridge construction is more of an assumption than a detailed plan.
B. Engineers have reached a consensus on the feasibility of the project.
C. They are trying to update the structural design to control costs.
D. Previous similar attempts do help them draw up a feasible plan.
50. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Why not float?
B. A bridge too far?
C. Overlooking the Irish Sea
D. Meeting new Scottish friends
第二节 七选五阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。请将答案按题号涂到相应的答卷题号上。
Mary went through a personal experience 40 years ago that changed her life path and established her connection with Chinese herbal medicine.
Still childless after 13 years of marriage, Mary longed to become a mother. For years she travelled from country to country and visited top experts in the field, but without success. 21 . However, her Chinese herbalist grandmother gave her hope through a herbal treatment.
After three and a half years she became pregnant. 22 The expectant mother抯 delight was shared by the rest of her family too. This was the point when she made up her mind to carry on her grandmother抯 work and devote her life to herbal medicine research, development and promotion. To this end, she invested in a large herbal garden in the suburbs of Jakarta, where more than 30,000 plants are grown. 23
Through the application of great effort and resources over many, many years, Mary抯 career has developed vigorously, as has her garden. 24 When she was asked whether it was worthwhile to have devoted so much of her life to this research, she firmly responded, 揥hat I have done is to fulfill a promise I once made. More importantly, I want to bring Chinese herbal medicine to all those in need. 25
A. More than 7,000 of these can be used as medicines.
B. The moment the news was confirmed, she burst into tears of happiness.
C. I believe it can help relieve pain and let the sick regain their hope of life.
D. Mary decided to make great contributions to the development of Chinese medicine.
E. The heartbreak and disappointment was so great that she came close to giving up.
F. I抦 so happy that the local people like to use Chinese medicine for treatment.
G. Although she is now 80 years old, she is still committed to the study of Chinese herbal medicine.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处
的最佳选项。
Good news for awkward teenagers around the world.As time goes by,you could 41 up like a completely different person.
This comes from the longest running personality study ever 42 by scientists.According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the U.K,our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people's personalities in older age are barely 43 compared to their younger selves.
The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947,which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to 44.Their personalities based on six traits(特征）
Now more than six decades later,the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the 45 students,and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.
At an average age of 76.7 years old,the group were asked to 46 themselves on the same six personality traits,then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.
By 47 the then-and-now test results,the researchers found that there is hardly a relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.
It was"as if the second tests had been given to 48 people,"the study's researchers wrote in their report,which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.
The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality 49 in people tested from childhood to middle-age,and from middle-age to older age.
As the team explained,our personality appears stable over short intervals-50 so throughout adulthood.51,the longer the intervals between two tests of personality,the 52 the relationship between the two tends to be.
It is clear that more studies are needed to find out what is going on here.but it could be the first 53 that is not just our cells that are being 54 throughout life--the way we think,feel and behave might not be as 55 as we once thought.
41.A.hold B.wake C.end D.cheer
42.A.carried out B.applied to C.participated in D.made up
43.A.incredible B.accessible C.changeable D.recognizable
44.A.assemble B.assess C.assume D.access
45.A.alternative B.individual C.original D.separate
46.A.score B.rate C.comment D.remark
47.A.comparing B.reviewing C.presenting D.observing
48.A.young B.similar C.amateur D.different
49.A.combination B.stability C.transformation D.flexibility
50.A.increasingly B.strangely C.subsequently D.obviously
51.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Otherwise
52.A.stronger B.closer C.further D.weaker
53.A.option B.sign C.symptom D.cause
54.A.replaced B.exposed C.divided D.cultivated
55.A.stuck in mud B.buried in sand C.lost in thought D.set in stone
第二节 短文语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to Xinhua News Agency, the Palace Museum and Huawei signed a strategic cooperation agreement on March 15. The two sides will set an example 56 5G application.
The Palace Museum received more than 17 million visitors in 2018, 57 (make) it the most visited museum in the world. In the past 20 years, an office information network covering the whole museum 58 (build) gradually. The museum has developed an App 59 provides an in-depth 60 (explain) of cultural relic information and cultural services. Also, the museum has research on the application of VR, AR, AI and other 61 (technique) in museums.
62 signing of the agreement marks a new chapter in the strategic cooperation between the Palace Museum and Huawei Technologies Co. So, Huawei will make efforts 63 (accelerate) the intelligent construction of the Palace Museum.
揟he 600-year-old Palace Museum has never been so close to science and technology, Shan Jixiang said 64 (proud), director of the Palace Museum.
Shan shared many ideas about the 5G Palace Museum. With the help of advanced technology, it is expected that in the future, audiences around the world will be able to experience and visit the Palace Museum, whether it is a field trip or a virtual tour. Also, the use of AI technology provides a 65 (broad) platform and stronger knowledge support for cultural relics among young people.
第四部分 写作（共三节，满分40分）
第一节 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
用第五模块单词表所列单词的适当形式填空
68.So a____________________was Simon in his book that he didn't notice me come in.
69.-----You hurt Lily.Maybe you should do something.
-----If I'd known she was so s__________, I would not have made fun of her.
70.The air hostess was accused of i_________________bringing the goods into the country.
72.Davis_________________（承认）that his car crashed into his neighbor's garden and promised to take responsibility for that.
74.We watched the river as it flowed on under the bridge.
我们望着河水在桥下向前流淌而去。
75.She is always finding fault with me.I don't think she's ever quite___________（原谅）me for
getting her name wrong that time.

The developed countries consume the most energy in the world.
There is a need for the conservation of trees, or there will soon be no forests.
69. The c________ cashier counted the cash carefully in order to be certain that the number was correct.
cautious
I really appreciate working with someone who does such a good job.

The show had a large audience,爎anging from燾hildren爐o爂randparents.

第二节 翻译句子（每句3分，满分15分）
约翰John,休息一下吧. 如果你继续这样工作,你可能最后会累垮住院的. (end up )
2. 一想到工厂,人们就会想到污浊的滚滚浓烟或者向河流倾倒化学废物的管道.(- ing )
3.尽管我们呼吸时产生碳carbon,但我们排出的碳要比小汽车产生的碳少很多. (用代词that)
4. 值得表扬的是，杰米Jamie始终保持冷静。?(credit )
5. 她打开信时激动得双手颤抖。 tremble
第三节：书面表达（15分）
假设你是李华，你所居住的城市环境变得越来越差。请你给市长先生写一封信，请求市长关注，简要说明存在的问题，并提出自己的建议。
存在问题：
1）水污染和大气污染越来越严重；
2）森林被破坏和砍伐；
3）白色垃圾随处可见。
就如何改善和保护环境提出建议。
字数要求：100词左右。
2020-2021学年江苏省郑集高级中学高二上学期2月周练（三）英语试卷
（考试时间：120分钟；试卷满分：150分）
本试卷由四个部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分三节(单词拼写,翻译句子,书面表达)为非选择题。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
Why does the man need a map?
A.To tour Manchester. B.To find a restaurant. C.To learn about China.
2.What does the woman want to do for vacation?
A.Go to the beach. B.Travel to Colorado. C.Learn to snowboard.
3.What will the man probably do?
A.Take the job. B.Refuse the offer. C.Change the working hours.
4.What does the woman say about John?
A.He won't wait for her. B.He won't come home today. C.He won't be on time for dinner.
5.What will the speakers probably do next?
A.Order some boxes. B.Go home and rest. C.Continue working.
第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.How does the woman usually go to work?
A.By car. B.By bus. C.By train.
7.What do the speakers agree about taking the train?
A.It is safer. B.It is faster. C.It is cheaper
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.What does the man suggest the woman do?
A.Save up for the car. B.Go to another car dealer. C.Ask someone to check the car.
9.What is the salesman going to do?
A.Give a discount. B.Stick to a high price C.Ask for cash payment.
10.How will the man help the woman?
A.Lend money to her. B.Drive her car home. C.Take care of her car.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What does the woman think of the living expenses in the city?
A.Fairly low. B.Just Okay. C.Very high.
12.What does the woman spend most on?
A.Meals. B.Trains. C.Clothes.
13. What does the woman do in her free time?
A.See films. B.Travel around. C.Go for a drink.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14.What will Rebecca do on June 12?
A.Go on a business trip.
B.Organize a trade exhibition.
C.Meet the people from Head Office.
15.What is John preparing for the meeting?
A.A report. B.A timetable. C.A speech.
16.When do the speakers decide to have the meeting?
A.On June 3. B.On June 10. C.On June 17.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What did the speaker decide to do after lunch that day?
A.Stay to help her friend. B.Drive home in the rain. C.Wait for the rain to stop
18.What can we learn about the speaker then?
A.She worked at a hotel. B.She had bought a new car. C.She was having a baby soon.
19.Where did the speaker meet the taxi passenger?
A.At a crossroads. B.In front of a hotel. C.Beside a car park.
20.What does the speaker talk about?
An exciting lunch party. B.A well-known short story. C.An unforgettable experience
第一部分 听力（每题1.5分，满分30分）
1-10 BAACB ABCAB 11-20 CBACA CBCAC
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
阅读理解
A
From: Kyle Berwick
Date: Nov 28
Subject: Year-end party
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annette,
This is to let you know that I will be able to attend the year-end party at the Green Vale Country Club on the 21st although I don抰 think I will be able to arrive before 8:30. I was wondering if it would also be possible to bring a couple of guests. I know it is a bit of a last minute request, but my brother and his wife are planning to visit us at that time, and I know they抎 love to see the Green Vale. If it is not a problem, then can you let me know how much I should pay for their tickets? Also, assuming this is OK, I was planning to drive down in a single car, to reduce the need for parking and also to allow us to keep our belongings in the car.
I have a couple of days off before the party, but I抣l be in my office until the 17th, so could you get back to me before then? Thanks a lot,
MEMORANDUM (备忘录)
To: All members of the sales department
From: Annette Derringer
Re: Year-end party
Date: November 26
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is just a quick note to let you all know the arrangements for next month抯 year-end party. As you know, the party will be held at the Green Vale Country Club, which we have reserved between 7:30 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. on the evening of December 21st. I抳e received replies from almost all of you confirming attendance, but if you haven抰 let me know yet, please do so in the next day or two. Tickets for all employees have been covered by the company.
The Green Vale manager has asked me to explain one or two things to those of you who have not been there before. Basically, there is sufficient parking space for only 100 vehicles, so they would like to ask those of you planning to drive, try to car-pool as much as possible. Also, the number of lockers available is small, so guests should try to keep belongings to a minimum.
Thanks in advance.
To: Annette Derringer aderringer@belway.com
36. What抯 the main purpose of the memorandum?
A. To explain the arrangement for an event.
B. To encourage people to travel by car.
C. To ask for help arranging a party.
D. To thank people for attending the party.
37. Why does Kyle Berwick write to Annette Derringer? Because he wants to ________
A. ask the price of movie tickets B. explain why he cannot come to the party
C. request directions to a hotel D. ask if he may bring guests to the party
38. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The manager of the Green Vale doesn抰 hope they go there by car.
B. Annette takes charge of the arrangement of year-end party.
C. They can take as many belongings as they can with them when going to the Green Vale.
D. Kyle Berwick won抰 bring the guests to go to the party if he has to pay the tickets.
B
Elephant seals in funny-looking hats are helping NASA study climate science.
Equipped with specialized sensors that resemble tiny metal hats with antennae(大线），these seals are collecting data that's helping researchers track how heat moves through ocean currents. A team of climate scientists led by Lia Siegelman used this clever technique to track changes in temperature as the seal swam the icy waters of the Antarctic.
With the help of one particularly female seal,the researchers discovered that heat stored at the ocean's depths can sometimes get swirled(打旋）back up to the surface thanks to some deeply penetrating(穿透）currents.While researchers have known that these currents can ferry heat downward into the ocean's interior(内部），the new findings suggest the opposite is true as well-driving a process that can warm the sea's surface as well.
Siegelman thinks it's important to include this new information into existing climate models.Before seals entered the picture,scientists had a pretty limited view of what went on beneath the surface of the Southern Ocean.Here,temperatures can suddenly fall below－1℃,and thick sheets of sea ice block instruments from collecting data.All in all,it's a pretty unappealing area for underwater field work.
But none of that troubles southern elephant seals,which spend nine to ten months of each year at sea,swimming thousands of miles and diving up to half a mile beneath the ocean surface-usually about 80 times a day.
So Siegelman and her colleagues tagged a female elephant seal on the Kerguelen Islands.The researchers followed her 3,000-mile journey,during which she dived 6,333 times."Even when they sleep,they dive,"Siegelman said.揟hey float down like a leaf."
Combined with satellite imagesthe wealth of data the seal recovered gave Siegelman and her team a clearer picture than they'd ever been afforded before.It's probably safe to say that the significance of this was lost on the seal.But from the human perspective(观点），it's clear seals are filling in some massive gaps in knowledge.
39. How did the researchers collect climate data in the Antarctic?
A. By testing a high-tech hat.
B. By studying a seal's behavior.
C. By measuring the water temperature.
D. By attaching a sensor to a seal's head.
40. The new findings indicate that_
A. ocean currents can drive heat up to the surface
B. heat can be taken down into the ocean's interior
C. the warm temperatures can help seals dive deep
D. the world's waters can balance global warming
41. The researchers used seals to monitor the Southern Ocean probably because.
A. the scenery is unattractive
B. the sea floor is changeable
C. seals are aggressive hunters
D. seals are extraordinary divers
42. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Seals help us observe the unknown world.
B. Satellites are used to track human activities.
C. The ocean presents a more beautiful picture.
D. Data are analyzed for better survival of seals.
C
揘ew and improved. 揟hese words are put in so many marketing campaigns that we tend to accept them as linked. But many new drugs aren抰 an improvement over the best existing drug for a given condition, and the fast drug-approval processes in recent years have added to the uncertainty about their advantages.
A recent report in the British Medical Journal, 揘ew Drugs: Where Did We Go Wrong and What Can We Do Better? 揂nalyzed the issue. The authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017:152 were newly developed, and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25%offered a major advantage over the established treatment, and fully 58%had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.
揟his doesn抰 mean there抯 no added benefit, 搇ead author Wissler said. 揑t just means we have no positive proof. Either we have no studies or have studies not good enough. 揥issler and her co-authors work for a German institute which evaluates new treatments and advises on whether the country抯 health care system should pay a premium(补贴)for them. Such organizations, known as health technology assessment(HTA)agencies, work a little differently in the US, says Sean Tunisia researcher in Baltimore: “If payers think a new drug isn’t better than an existing drug, these agencies will require that hospitals try the cheaper drug first.
Germanys HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn抰 always practical. For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming, with no guarantee of success. Secondly, it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives. This is already happening. Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with, such as rare diseases.
This lack of meaningful data to guide patients is a major point of Wissler抯 paper. With accelerated approval, there are more products approved, with a greater amount of uncertainty about risks and benefits. But there are other solutions besides drug trials. One idea is to require postmarked studies to track the effectiveness of newly approved drugs梐 step too often neglected.
43. What message does the recent report convey?
A. Improved drugs have advantages over old ones.
B. Many new drugs have no improved advantages.
C. Before 2017 no improvement was made to drugs.
D. The approval processes for new drugs are too fast.
44. What will US HTA agencies do when no advantage is found in new drugs?
A. Get hospitals to use the cheaper drugs.
B. Remove government premium on them.
C. Arrange financial support for the patients.
D. Put new drugs on further trials and studies.
45 What抯 the disadvantage of Germany抯 HTA trial demands?
A. Getting patients to depend on the government for support.
B. Making drug companies think of illegal ways to cut cost.
C. Holding companies back from improving existing drugs.
D. Pushing companies to try alternatives for existing drugs.
46. What is the best title for the text?
A. The Advantage of Existing Drugs
B. A Dilemma with New Drug Alternatives
C. Misunderstanding of New and Old Drugs
D. People抯 Preference for New or Old Drug
D
The British government declared that a ''proper piece of work'' was being carried out to look into the possibility of linking Scotland to Northern Ireland via a bridge spanning the Irish Sea. At the moment, the leading candidates for the locations of the route are Portpatrick on the Scottish coast and Larne on the Northern Irish coast.
Length aside, there are a number of other significant challenges that such an enormous project would raise. For example, there抯 the depth of the sea, which at times reaches 300 metres, and the large spans that would be required to let any ships pass under the bridge safely, explained Ian Firth, a structural engineer at the Institution of Civil Engineers.
''One solution might be to use floating foundations. '' he said. ''You have a floating pontoon(水上浮台) held below the surface of the water.You still have to get down there and drill holes in the rock down below, but you're now just tying it down with some cables. Then the floating platform is held below the waves----you don't want it at the surface because then you抮e getting wave action and tidal action. You stand your bridge structures on those floating platforms. That抯 the sort of thing that potentially could be doable. ''
Even so, such a structure would still leave those travelling across it at the mercy of high winds and heavy rain, even taking into account any weather shielding measures that could be fitted. However, there may be another solution.
''There's another type of floating structure, a submerged(水下的) floating tunnel. It’s not through the rock but under the water, '' said Firth. ''You attach it down, shall we say 20 metres below the water, so that ships can go happily across the top of it, but the thing is actually floating. If you're in your car, you抮e driving, in effect, through a tunnel. That is a very interesting, and I think really quite potentially practical solution. ''
But it's early days and there are many factors to consider, such as the ability of the transport links either side of the crossing to cope with additional traffic, and the fact that it may be more efficient to upgrade the existing ferry infrastructure, before any kind of design work could begin.
''At the moment it is an idea and not much more than that. To begin with, we'd need a pre-feasibility study which looks at what the options are so that we can actually frame the range of a feasibility(可行性) study, '' said Firth, ''After that people like me could go away and turn over what the options are. I believe it's possible. But 'possible' and 'affordable' are two different things. I抦 not trying to put numbers to it, but it is eye-wateringly expensive, and nothing like it has been attempted before. But we're in the business of finding solutions to challenges. We civil structural engineers are good at that kind of thing. ''
47. From Paragraphs 1 and 2, engineers may focus efforts on the ______ of the bridge-to-be.
A. cost B. location
C. structure D. reliability
48. What might be the major drawback to the first solution?
A. It is impossible to build a bridge on floating platforms.
B. It takes much labor to tie floating platforms with cables.
C. Wave and tidal action can easily destroy floating platforms.
D. Traffic flow will be subject to severe weather conditions.
49. What can we learn from Firth's words in the last paragraph?
A. Bridge construction is more of an assumption than a detailed plan.
B. Engineers have reached a consensus on the feasibility of the project.
C. They are trying to update the structural design to control costs.
D. Previous similar attempts do help them draw up a feasible plan.
50. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Why not float?
B. A bridge too far?
C. Overlooking the Irish Sea
D. Meeting new Scottish friends
A
From: Kyle Berwick
Date: Nov 28
Subject: Year-end party
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annette,
This is to let you know that I will be able to attend the year-end party at the Green Vale Country Club on the 21st although I don抰 think I will be able to arrive before 8:30. I was wondering if it would also be possible to bring a couple of guests. I know it is a bit of a last minute request, but my brother and his wife are planning to visit us at that time, and I know they抎 love to see the Green Vale. If it is not a problem, then can you let me know how much I should pay for their tickets? Also, assuming this is OK, I was planning to drive down in a single car, to reduce the need for parking and also to allow us to keep our belongings in the car.
I have a couple of days off before the party, but I抣l be in my office until the 17th, so could you get back to me before then? Thanks a lot,
MEMORANDUM (备忘录)
To: All members of the sales department
From: Annette Derringer
Re: Year-end party
Date: November 26
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is just a quick note to let you all know the arrangements for next month抯 year-end party. As you know, the party will be held at the Green Vale Country Club, which we have reserved between 7:30 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. on the evening of December 21st. I抳e received replies from almost all of you confirming attendance, but if you haven抰 let me know yet, please do so in the next day or two. Tickets for all employees have been covered by the company.
The Green Vale manager has asked me to explain one or two things to those of you who have not been there before. Basically, there is sufficient parking space for only 100 vehicles, so they would like to ask those of you planning to drive, try to car-pool as much as possible. Also, the number of lockers available is small, so guests should try to keep belongings to a minimum.
Thanks in advance.
To: Annette Derringer aderringer@belway.com
36. What抯 the main purpose of the memorandum?
A. To explain the arrangement for an event.
B. To encourage people to travel by car.
C. To ask for help arranging a party.
D. To thank people for attending the party.
37. Why does Kyle Berwick write to Annette Derringer? Because he wants to ________.
A. ask the price of movie tickets B. explain why he cannot come to the party
C. request directions to a hotel D. ask if he may bring guests to the party
38. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The manager of the Green Vale doesn抰 hope they go there by car.
B. Annette takes charge of the arrangement of year-end party.
C. They can take as many belongings as they can with them when going to the Green Vale.
D. Kyle Berwick won抰 bring the guests to go to the party if he has to pay the tickets.
【答案】36. A 37. D 38. B
B
Elephant seals in funny-looking hats are helping NASA study climate science.
Equipped with specialized sensors that resemble tiny metal hats with antennae(大线），these seals are collecting data that's helping researchers track how heat moves through ocean currents. A team of climate scientists led by Lia Siegelman used this clever technique to track changes in temperature as the seal swam the icy waters of the Antarctic.
With the help of one particularly female seal,the researchers discovered that heat stored at the ocean's depths can sometimes get swirled(打旋）back up to the surface thanks to some deeply penetrating(穿透）currents.While researchers have known that these currents can ferry heat downward into the ocean's interior(内部），the new findings suggest the opposite is true as well-driving a process that can warm the sea's surface as well.
Siegelman thinks it's important to include this new information into existing climate models.Before seals entered the picture,scientists had a pretty limited view of what went on beneath the surface of the Southern Ocean.Here,temperatures can suddenly fall below－1℃,and thick sheets of sea ice block instruments from collecting data.All in all,it's a pretty unappealing area for underwater field work.
But none of that troubles southern elephant seals,which spend nine to ten months of each year at sea,swimming thousands of miles and diving up to half a mile beneath the ocean surface-usually about 80 times a day.
So Siegelman and her colleagues tagged a female elephant seal on the Kerguelen Islands.The researchers followed her 3,000-mile journey,during which she dived 6,333 times."Even when they sleep,they dive,"Siegelman said.“They float down like a leaf."
Combined with satellite images,the wealth of data the seal recovered gave Siegelman and her team a clearer picture than they'd ever been afforded before.It's probably safe to say that the significance of this was lost on the seal.But from the human perspective(观点），it's clear seals are filling in some massive gaps in knowledge.
39. How did the researchers collect climate data in the Antarctic?
A. By testing a high-tech hat.
B. By studying a seal's behavior.
C. By measuring the water temperature.
D. By attaching a sensor to a seal's head.
40. The new findings indicate that_
A. ocean currents can drive heat up to the surface
B. heat can be taken down into the ocean's interior
C. the warm temperatures can help seals dive deep
D. the world's waters can balance global warming
41. The researchers used seals to monitor the Southern Ocean probably because.
A. the scenery is unattractive
B. the sea floor is changeable
C. seals are aggressive hunters
D. seals are extraordinary divers
42. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Seals help us observe the unknown world.
B. Satellites are used to track human activities.
C. The ocean presents a more beautiful picture.
D. Data are analyzed for better survival of seals.
【答案】39. D 40. A 41. D 42. A
C
“New and improved. “These words are put in so many marketing campaigns that we tend to accept them as linked. But many new drugs aren’t an improvement over the best existing drug for a given condition, and the fast drug-approval processes in recent years have added to the uncertainty about their advantages.
A recent report in the British Medical Journal, “New Drugs: Where Did We Go Wrong and What Can We Do Better? “Analyzed the issue. The authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017:152 were newly developed, and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25%offered a major advantage over the established treatment, and fully 58%had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.
“This doesn’t mean there’s no added benefit, “lead author Wissler said. “It just means we have no positive proof. Either we have no studies or have studies not good enough. “Wissler and her co-authors work for a German institute which evaluates new treatments and advises on whether the country’s health care system should pay a premium(补贴)for them. Such organizations, known as health technology assessment(HTA)agencies, work a little differently in the US, says Sean Tunisia researcher in Baltimore: “If payers think a new drug isn’t better than an existing drug, these agencies will require that hospitals try the cheaper drug first.”
Germanys HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn’t always practical. For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming, with no guarantee of success. Secondly, it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives. This is already happening. Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with, such as rare diseases.
This lack of meaningful data to guide patients is a major point of Wissler’s paper. With accelerated approval, there are more products approved, with a greater amount of uncertainty about risks and benefits. But there are other solutions besides drug trials. One idea is to require postmarked studies to track the effectiveness of newly approved drugs—a step too often neglected.
43. What message does the recent report convey?
A. Improved drugs have advantages over old ones.
B. Many new drugs have no improved advantages.
C. Before 2017 no improvement was made to drugs.
D. The approval processes for new drugs are too fast.
44. What will US HTA agencies do when no advantage is found in new drugs?
A. Get hospitals to use the cheaper drugs.
B. Remove government premium on them.
C. Arrange financial support for the patients.
D. Put new drugs on further trials and studies.
45. What’s the disadvantage of Germany’s HTA trial demands?
A. Getting patients to depend on the government for support.
B. Making drug companies think of illegal ways to cut cost.
C. Holding companies back from improving existing drugs.
D. Pushing companies to try alternatives for existing drugs.
46. What is the best title for the text?
A. The Advantage of Existing Drugs
B A Dilemma with New Drug Alternatives
C. Misunderstanding of New and Old Drugs
D. People’s Preference for New or Old Drug
【答案】43. B 44. A 45. C 46. B
D
The British government declared that a ''proper piece of work'' was being carried out to look into the possibility of linking Scotland to Northern Ireland via a bridge spanning the Irish Sea. At the moment the leading candidates for the locations of the route are Portpatrick on the Scottish coast and Larne on the Northern Irish coast.
Length aside, there are a number of other significant challenges that such an enormous project would raise. For example, there’s the depth of the sea, which at times reaches 300 metres, and the large spans that would be required to let any ships pass under the bridge safely, explained Ian Firth, a structural engineer at the Institution of Civil Engineers.
''One solution might be to use floating foundations. '' he said. ''You have a floating pontoon(水上浮台) held below the surface of the water.You still have to get down there and drill holes in the rock down below, but you're now just tying it down with some cables. Then the floating platform is held below the waves----you don't want it at the surface because then you’re getting wave action and tidal action. You stand your bridge structures on those floating platforms. That’s the sort of thing that potentially could be doable. ''
Even so, such a structure would still leave those travelling across it at the mercy of high winds and heavy rain, even taking into account any weather shielding measures that could be fitted. However, there may be another solution.
''There's another type of floating structure, a submerged(水下的) floating tunnel. It’s not through the rock but under the water, '' said Firth. ''You attach it down, shall we say 20 metres below the water, so that ships can go happily across the top of it, but the thing is actually floating. If you're in your car, you’re driving, in effect, through a tunnel. That is a very interesting, and I think really quite potentially practical solution. ''
But it's early days and there are many factors to consider, such as the ability of the transport links either side of the crossing to cope with additional traffic, and the fact that it may be more efficient to upgrade the existing ferry infrastructure, before any kind of design work could begin.
''At the moment it is an idea and not much more than that. To begin with, we'd need a pre-feasibility study which looks at what the options are so that we can actually frame the range of a feasibility(可行性) study, '' said Firth, ''After that people like me could go away and turn over what the options are. I believe it's possible. But 'possible' and 'affordable' are two different things. I’m not trying to put numbers to it, but it is eye-wateringly expensive, and nothing like it has been attempted before. But we're in the business of finding solutions to challenges. We civil structural engineers are good at that kind of thing. ''
47. From Paragraphs 1 and 2, engineers may focus efforts on the ______ of the bridge-to-be.
A. cost B. location
C. structure D. reliability
48. What might be the major drawback to the first solution?
A. It is impossible to build a bridge on floating platforms.
B. It takes much labor to tie floating platforms with cables.
C. Wave and tidal action can easily destroy floating platforms.
D. Traffic flow will be subject to severe weather conditions.
49. What can we learn from Firth's words in the last paragraph?
A. Bridge construction is more of an assumption than a detailed plan.
B. Engineers have reached a consensus on the feasibility of the project.
C. They are trying to update the structural design to control costs.
D. Previous similar attempts do help them draw up a feasible plan.
50. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Why not float?
B. A bridge too far?
C. Overlooking the Irish Sea
D. Meeting new Scottish friends
【答案】47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B
第二节 七选五阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。请将答案按题号涂到相应的答卷题号上。
Mary went through a personal experience 40 years ago that changed her life path and established her connection with Chinese herbal medicine.
Still childless after 13 years of marriage, Mary longed to become a mother. For years she travelled from country to country and visited top experts in the field, but without success. 21 . However, her Chinese herbalist grandmother gave her hope through a herba