最新高中英语语法：主谓一致课件(32张ppt)

主谓一致
Students will
correct some mistakes on learning papers.
2. try to grasp the rules of subject-verb agreement by challenging their memory.
3. develop the ability to put the grammar rules into practice.
Learning Aims
主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，主语的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的变化。
但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致＼意义一致＼就近原则．
原则
概念
例句
语法一致
原则
指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；
主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式
Steve Ember is a good player．
Children like toys.
意义一致
原则
指主语形式上为单数．
但表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；
或主语形式上为复数．但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式
My family are having lunch now．
News is travelling fast nowadays．
就近一致
原则
谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语
There is a knife and two forks on the desk．
Either you or he is to go．
一. 谓语动词用单数的情况：
单数可数名词，不可数名词，单个动名词，动词不定式, 由that, where, when, whether, how等词引导的名词性从句作主语，主句的谓语常用单数形式 。
1.It is generally believed that money is important.
2.Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving your English.
3.Where we will go has not been decided.
1. 名词作主语时应注意的几个问题
1）. 表时间，距离，金额，重量，数字等的复数名词“整体”看时， 。
Two hours is quite enough.
A hundred miles is a long distance.
Ten pounds was missing from my pocket.
2）. 以-s结尾的名词作主语时，根据其意思来决定谓语动词的单复数。
表学科的名词(physics)、书报名(the Times)、国名(the United States)或组织名称(the United Nations)及news
谓语常用单数
谓语常用单数
2. everyone of
one of
each of
either of
neither of+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
Each of the students has a book.
　Each of the girls likes dancing.
One of them has been abroad.
Neither of the two boys is good at
English.
3. each/every/no/many a + 单数名词
and
each/every/no/many a + 单数名词
作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Each book and each paper is found in its place.
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Many a boy and many a girl has seen these painting.
Every hour and minute is important.
第二个each, every, no, many a可以省略。
二. 谓语动词用复数的情况：
复数可数名词，由and 或 both…and…连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。
Half of the work is left unfinished.
Half of the apples are given to the children.
Swimming and walking are my hobbies.
1. 有的名词表示的是由两个对称的部分构成的物品。如：trousers, glasses, shoes, gloves, shorts, scissors等，
这类名词作主语时， 。
但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of 修饰时， 则应被看作
谓语常用复数
单数形式，谓语常用单数
half
most
enough
part
the rest
the last
lots
some
plenty
分数
百分数
+of +名词作主语
谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词保持一致。
2.
Two-thirds of the people present are
against the plan.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.
Over twenty percent of the city was
destroyed in the war.
Forty-five percent of the doctors were women.
Only 40 percent of the students in the class are boys.
以and连接的两个名词作主语时,表示两个人，两件事，两个概念时
Walking and riding are good exercises.
注意：当and连接的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一人，物或概念时， 。
(1)The teacher and writer is popular with his
students.(区别: The teacher and the writer
are…)
(2) To love and to be loved is sweet to me.
3.由连词and连接的名词或代词作主语时
的主谓一致问题
谓语用单数
谓语用复数形式
Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.
常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：
the needle and thread 针线
the folk and knife 刀叉
iron and steel 钢铁
time and tide 岁月
1. 集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数：
1) people, police, cattle等名词
2）有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：
clothing衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggage／luggage 行李，furniture家俱，scenery 景色等
3) family, class, government，audience, class, committee, enemy等名词
表示整体时，
表其中的成员时，
谓语常用复数
谓语常用复数
谓语常用单数
常考小知识点
2. 就近一致：
……or……
either……or……
neither…….nor……
not only……but also……
not…… but ……
There be……
连接的词作主语，
谓语与靠近的主语一致，就近原则
1>.______ you or he to attend tomorrow’s
meeting? (be)
2>.Either you or he ______ mistaken. (be)
3>.Neither Mary nor her parents _________
in for rock music. (go)
4>.There _____ a pen and some books
on the table. (be)


Are
▲
is
▲
go
▲
is
▲
3.就前一致: (即谓语动词与前面的中心词一致)
名词 A +
+ 名词 B
这样的结构做主语，
2>.The teacher as well as her students ________
fond of popular music very much.
3>. All but Tom _______________(know) the truth
so far.
with; together with; along with；but; except; besides, including; as well as; in addition to, not; rather than; like
和，除了 ，而不是
is
-----------
have known
---
谓语动词仅与 A 一致
4.
+ 名词

作主语时，
1>.One third of the students in our class
_________ girls. (be)
2>.Seventy percent of the surface of the
earth ______covered with / by water.
分数 + of ; 百分数 + of
some of ; part of ; half of ;
most of ; the rest of ; ….
----
are
--------------
is
-------------------
------
谓语动词取决于后面名词的数
就后一致: (即谓语动词与后面的中心词一致)
.
5. one of＋复数名词＋定语从句"结构
如果one前面没有限定词，这个句型中的“复数名词”是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；
如果one前面有the only, the first, the last, the right等限定词修饰，则one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。
John is the only one of the students who has the keys.
John is one of the students who have the keys.
6. 但what引导的主语从句视后面的表语而定。
What we need time. ( be)
What we need books. ( be)
is
are
2) 单复同形的名词，如：means
Every means has been tried.
All means have been tried
视其在句中的意义，谓语动词可用作单数或复数。
学案 — 特殊用法的总结
特殊1：more than one + 单数名词
many a +单数名词
特殊2：a large quantity（amount) of + 名词
quantities (amounts) of + 名词
特殊3：and 连接的两个主语指同一人/事物/概念
特殊4：集合名词police, people, cattle
特殊5：“the +形容词/过去分词” 表示一类人，
谓语用单数。
谓语用单数。
谓语用复数。
谓语常用单数。
谓语用单数。
谓语用复数。
谓语用复数。
1. The blind ____ in special schools.
A. is studying B. studies
C. study D. has studied
3. The museum I have visited _____ at the end of the street.
A. stand B. stands
C. is standing D. are standing
4. Three weeks ____ not enough for me to write the report.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
8. Large quantities of water___ needed for cooling purpose.
A.is B. are C. has D. have
1. Our class _______ a big one.（be)
Our class ______ fond of music.
2. 1>.The trousers _________ mine. (be)
2>.This pair of trousers ____ mine.
类似地:
Apples of this kind ______ (sell) well.
This kind of apples _______(sell) well.
is
are
四、易错点汇总
are
is
sell
sells
比一比
3. The population of China _______
far larger than that of Japan.(be)
Eighty percent of the population
in China ________ farmers.
4.
1>.Every means ______ been tried
to solve the problem.(have) All means _______ been tried
to solve the problem.
is
are
has
have
5. 1>.The aged ______ being cared for
in the community. (be)
2>.The beautiful ______ not always
good.
6. 1>. A singer and dancer ______ been
invited to the party. （have)
2>. A singer and a dancer ________
been invited to the party.
are
is
has
have
7. Tom is one of the workers who ______ fired by the company last week. ( be)
Tom is the only one of the workers who ____ fired by the company last week.
8. A large quantity of water ________wasted every year. ( be)
Large quantities of water _______wasted every year.
were
was
is
are
1.（2013江苏）21. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others _____ essential to their development.
A. is B. are C. was D. Were
2.（2013湖南）33．
The university estimates that living expenses for international students ____around $8，450 a year, which ___ a burden for some of them.
A．are；is B．are，are
C．is，are D．is，is
Consolidation
3.（2013北京）23. The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited
B. was invited
C. have been invited
D. has been invited
Consolidation
用主谓一致部分内容造句。
如：there be, more than one, and, people,quantities of, what, all, many a, some of,
就近原则（就前/就后原则）
mussel
[?m?s?l]
1. Look through your learning papers, pay attention to the difficulties you think.
2. Try to remember the rules learnt today and use them in learning papers P.3-4.
3. try to connect your sentences by using some words or phrases, such as also, besides, aside from ...