动词的时态和语态
知识点一
一般时态
1.一般现在时
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,every
time,now
and
then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,every
day/night等连用。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等动词。
(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
Around
two
o’clock
every
night,Sue
will
start
talking
in
her
dream.It
somewhat
bothers
us.
每天晚上两点左右,苏就说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。
If
it
doesn’t
rain,we’ll
go
on
a
picnic
as
planned.
如果不下雨,我们将按计划去野餐。
Whatever
you
say,I
will
not
change
my
mind.
无论你说什么,我都不会改变主意。
The
flight
takes
off
at
2:30
every
Wednesday
and
Friday.
飞机每周三、周五2:30起飞。
2.一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态,与现在没有关系或表示过去一段时间内反复发生的动作。
—Haven’t
seen
you
for
ages!
Where
have
you
been?
——好长时间没见你了!你去哪里了?
—I
went
to
Ningxia
and
stayed
there
for
one
year,teaching
as
a
volunteer.
——我去了宁夏,在那里待了一年,作为一名志愿者教学。
3.一般将来时
(1)“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
(2)“be
going
to+动词原形”表示:①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;②表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。
(3)“be
to+动词原形”表示:①预先安排好的计划或约定;②表示说话人的意志、意图、指责、义务、命令等;③表示注定要发生的事情。
(4)“be
about
to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
(北京卷)—What
time
is
it?
——几点了?
—I
have
no
idea.But
just
a
minute,I
will
check
it
for
you.
——我不知道。但是等一会儿,我给你查一下。
—Mr.Li
was
ill
in
hospital.
——李老师生病住院了。
—Oh,I
didn’t
know.I
will
go
to
see
him
tonight.
——哦,我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他。
I
am
to
meet
Mr.Brown
at
eleven
o’clock
this
morning.
我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。
I
was
about
to
go
out
when
it
began
to
rain.
我正要外出,这时开始下雨了。
知识点二
进行时态
1.现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常限于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear等。
(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用)。
Hurry
up,kids!The
school
bus
is
waiting
for
us!
孩子们,快点!校车在等我们!
“The
moment
is
coming
soon,”he
thought
to
himself,waiting
nervously.
“这一刻就要来到了,”他自思自忖,紧张地等待着。
He
is
always
finding
fault
with
others.
他总是挑别人的毛病。
2.过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at
that
time,at
that
moment,at
this
time
yesterday,at
ten
o’clock
yesterday等连用。
She
was
phoning
someone,so
I
nodded
to
her
and
went
away.
她正在跟别人打电话,因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。
3.将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。
Daniel’s
family
will
be
enjoying
their
holiday
in
Huangshan
this
time
next
week.
丹尼尔一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。
知识点三
完成时态
1.现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作,常用的时间状语:already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,in
the
last(past)
few
years,up
to
now,so
far等。
(2)表示从过去某时开始并延续至今的动作或状态,常与for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用。
(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
(4)This/It
is
the
first/second...time+that从句,that从句中谓语要用现在完成时。
(5)It(This)
is
the
best(worst,most
interesting等)+名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用现在完成时。
—Have
you
heard
about
the
recent
election?
——你听说过近期的选举吗?
—Sure,it
has
been
the
only
thing
on
the
news
for
the
last
three
days.
——当然了,它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。
It
is
the
most
instructive
lecture
that
I
have
attended
since
I
came
to
this
school. 这是我自从到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。
This
is
the
first
time
that
we
have
seen
a
film
in
the
cinema
together
as
a
family.
这是第一次我们一家人去电影院看电影。
I
will
not
believe
you
unless
I
have
seen
it
with
my
own
eyes.
除非我亲眼看到,否则我不会相信你的。
2.过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:by
then,by
that
time,by
the
end
of,by
the
time等。
(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
(4)在“hardly(scarcely)...when...”,“no
sooner...than...”
句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。
Sofia
looked
around
at
all
the
faces:
she
had
the
impression
that
she
had
seen
most
of
the
guests
before.
索菲娅环视了所有的面庞,她有印象——绝大多数的客人以前她都见过。
He
was
unhappy
when
he
sold
his
guitar.After
all,he
had
had
it
for
a
very
long
time.
他把自己的吉他卖掉时并不高兴。毕竟,他拥有这把吉他已经很长时间了。
I
had
intended
to
call
on
you,but
I
had
an
unexpected
visitor.
我本来打算去看你,但是来了一位不速之客。
By
the
time
Jack
returned
home
from
England,his
son
had
graduated
from
college.
杰克从英国回到家时,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
Hardly/No
sooner
had
I
got
home
when/than
the
rain
poured
down.
我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下了。
3.将来完成时
表示在将来某个时间之前完成的动作,并且往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用时间状语为“by+将来某个时间”。
By
the
time
Mr.Smith
arrives
at
the
supermarket,we
will
have
stayed
there
for
one
hour.
等到史密斯先生到达超市时,我们将已经在那里待了一个小时了。
【易错辨析】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时表示的事情纯属过去,只对过去发生的事情进行客观陈述,与现在的情况无关。常与过去时间状语连用。而现在完成时所表示的事情与现在的情况有关系,是过去事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。常与already,ever,never,yet,just等词连用。
—Have
you
seen
my
dictionary?
——你见到我的词典了吗?
—Yes,I
saw
it
on
your
bed
yesterday.
——是的,我昨天看见在你床上。
知识点四
其他时态
1.过去将来时
表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的事情,多用于宾语从句中。
He
hoped
that
he
would
be
given
a
more
suitable
job
next
year.
他希望来年能得到更合适的工作。
2.现在完成进行时(have/has
been
doing)
表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。
Since
the
time
humankind
started
gardening,we
have
been
trying
to
make
our
environment
more
beautiful.
自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起,我们就一直在努力让我们的环境变得更加美丽。
The
manager
has
been
telling
the
workers
how
to
improve
the
program
since
9
am.
自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。
3.过去完成进行时(had
been
doing)
表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到过去某一时刻,这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。
She
told
me
that
she
had
been
studying
French
for
5
years.
她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续)
She
told
me
that
she
had
been
waiting
for
me
for
an
hour.
她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)
【易错辨析】现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
(1)现在完成时强调过去某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响;现在完成进行时强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性,强调的是动作本身。
(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,现在完成时一般不表示重复性。现在完成时通常与since,ever
since,for
three
months,just,already,yet等连用。现在完成进行时通常与since,for
three
months,all
the(this)
morning/afternoon/day/month,the
whole
day等连用。
—Oh
no!We’re
too
late.The
train
has
left.
——噢,不!我们太晚了。火车已经离开了。
—That’s
OK.We’ll
catch
the
next
train
to
London.
——没什么。我们将乘坐下一班去伦敦的火车。
Joseph
has
been
going
to
evening
class
since
last
month,but
he
still
can’t
say
“What’s
your
name?”
in
Russian.
约瑟夫从上个月就开始上夜校,但是他还是不会用俄语说“你叫什么名字”。
知识点五
被动语态
1.被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态,除be外被动语态的构形式还有:get/become+过去分词。
2.只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:last,cost,spread,happen(to),take
place,belong
to,break
out,go
out,run
out,work
out。
3.主动形式表示被动含义
(1)表示感受、感官的系动词如feel,sound,taste,look等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
(2)当sell,read,draw,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
(安徽卷)While
waiting
for
the
opportunity
to
get
promoted,Henry
did
his
best
to
perform
his
duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间,亨利尽力履行好自己的职责。
—So
what
is
the
procedure?
——那么程序是什么样?
—All
the
applicants
are
interviewed
before
a
final
decision
is
made
by
the
authority.
——所有的应征者都被面试后官方才作出最后的决定。
Food
supplies
in
the
flood?stricken
area
are
running
out.We
must
act
immediately
before
there’s
none
left.
洪水灾区的食品即将用完,我们必须在它们用完之前采取措施。
Your
reason
sounds
reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
His
books
sell
well,so
they
will
be
sold
soon.
他的书很畅销,因此很快就会卖光。
高频考点一、一般时态
例1.(2019·江苏卷)A
few
months
after
he
had
arrived
in
China,
Mr.
Smith
________
in
love
with
the
people
and
culture
there.
A.would
fall
B.had
fallen
C.has
fallen
D.fell
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就爱上了那里的人民和文化。这里描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。
【举一反三】(2019·天津卷)Amy,
as
well
as
her
brothers,
________
a
warm
welcome
when
returning
to
the
village
last
week.
A.is
given
B.are
given
C.was
given
D.were
given
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:上周Amy和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语“last
week”可知,应用一般过去时;as
well
as连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语一致,即与“Amy”一致,故此处应用单数形式。故选C。
【变式探究】(2018·北京卷)—Hi,
I’m
Peter.
Are
you
new
here?
I
haven’t
seen
you
around.
—Hello,
Peter.
I’m
Bob.
I
just________on
Monday.
A.start
B.have
started
C.started
D.had
started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。——你好,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没见过你。——你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我星期一才开始(在这工作)的。根据语境可知,此处用一般过去时,表示过去某一特定的时间(on
Monday)发生的事。
【变式探究】(2017·江苏卷)He’s
been
informed
that
he________for
the
scholarship
because
of
his
academic
background.
A.hasn’t
qualified
B.hadn’t
qualified
C.doesn’t
qualify
D.wasn’t
qualifying
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:他已被告知,由于他的学术背景,他没有获得奖学金的资格。根据语境可知,此处描述的是客观事实,因此使用一般现在时。
高频考点二
进行时态
例2.(2018·北京卷)Susan
had
quit
her
well-paid
job
and
________
as
a
volunteer
in
the
neighborhood
when
I
visited
her
last
year.
A.is
working
B.was
working
C.has
worked
D.had
worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作,去年我去拜访她时,她在社区作义工。根据语境可知,此处表示过去某段时间内正在发生的事,所以用过去进行时。
【举一反三】Jack
________
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
A.works
B.has
worked
C.was
working
D.would
work
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:杰克正在实验室里工作的时候,突然停电了。本句使用了句式结构be
doing
sth.
when...“正在做某事时突然……”,此时前一分句用过去进行时,后一分句用一般过去时。因此选C。
【变式探究】It
is
said
that
his
parents
________
him
to
be
a
high
achiever,
but
he
turned
out
to
be
a
nobody.
A.expect
B.were
expecting
C.would
expect
D.have
been
expecting
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:据说他的父母一直期望他能大有作为,但结果他成了一个无名小辈。此处表示过去某段时间内正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。故选B。
【变式探究】With
the
Internet
so
convenient,
several
million
patients
in
China
________
web?based
mobile
platforms
for
solutions
to
their
health?related
problems
now.
A.turned
to
B.will
turn
to
C.are
turning
to
D.had
turned
to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:因特网是如此方便,几百万中国病人现在正借助于基于网络的移动平台来寻找解决与他们的健康相关的问题的方法。从句意以及时间状语“now”可看出,此处应用现在进行时,故选C。
高频考点三
完成时态
例3.(2019·江苏卷)The
musician
along
with
his
band
members
________
ten
performances
in
the
last
three
months.
A.gives
B.has
given
C.have
given
D.give
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了10场表演。根据后面的时间状语in
the
last
three
months可知,谓语动词的时态应用现在完成时;along
with连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故选B项。
【举一反三】(2019·天津卷)I
________
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage,
but
I
couldn’t
manage
it.
A.had
hoped
B.am
hoping
C.have
hoped
D.would
hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚,但是没能成功。根据句意可知,本句中“想送礼物”发生在“没成功”之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故选A。
【举一反三】(2018·北京卷)China’s
high-speed
railways
________
from
9,000
to
25,000
kilometers
in
the
past
few
years.
A.are
growing
B.have
grown
C.will
grow
D.had
grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年中,中国的高速铁路已经从9
000
公里增加到25
000公里。根据句中的in
the
past
few
years可知,此处用现在完成时。
【变式探究】The
official
was
shocked
by
the
crash,
because
the
pilot
who
was
killed
________
any
trouble.
A.hadn’t
reported
B.didn’t
report
C.wouldn’t
report
D.hasn’t
reported
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:那位官员对这次飞机失事感到震惊,因为飞行员在死亡之前并没有报告任何故障。从句意看,飞机失事是发生在过去的事情,而报告故障显然是飞机失事前发生的事情,即“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。
高频考点四
其他时态
例4.Dashan,
who
________
crosstalk,
the
Chinese
comedic
tradition,
for
decades,
wants
to
mix
it
up
with
the
Western
stand?up
tradition.
A.will
be
learning
B.is
learning
C.had
been
learning
D.has
been
learning
【答案】D
【解析】考查现在完成进行时态。根据句意及定语从句中的时间状语for
decades和主句谓语动词wants可知,本题使用现在完成进行时态,表示从过去某个时间开始,一直持续到现在,并有可能继续下去的动作。
【举一反三】—Where
is
Peter?I
can’t
find
him
anywhere.
—He
went
to
the
library
after
breakfast
and
________
his
essay
there
ever
since.
A.wrote
B.had
written
C.has
been
writing
D.is
writing
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:“Peter在哪儿?我到处都找不到他。”“他早饭后去图书馆了,并且从那时起一直在那儿写他的文章。”由ever
since可知,Peter从早饭后一直在图书馆写文章(说话时应该仍然在写),故应用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在,并且有可能持续下去。故答案为C项。
【变式探究】That
woman
was
a
little
vague
at
the
time
but
said
something
to
the
effect
that
she
________
the
project
within
three
days.
A.finished
B.will
finish
C.would
finish
D.will
have
finished
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:那位女士当时有点含糊其辞,不过大意是说她会在三天之内完成这个项目。根据句中的“was”“said”以及“within
three
days”可知,此处表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作,应用过去将来时。故选C。
【变式探究】—I’m
sure
Andrew
will
win
the
first
prize
in
the
final.
—I
think
so.He________for
it
for
months.
A.is
preparing
B.was
preparing
C.had
been
preparing
D.has
been
preparing
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我确信安德鲁最终会赢得一等奖。——我也这么认为。他准备了几个月了。由will可知事情还未发生,表示安德鲁一直在准备着,故选D。
高频考点五
被动语态
例5.(2019·江苏卷)They
are
trying
to
make
sure
that
5G
terminals
________
by
2022
for
the
Beijing
Winter
Olympics.
A.will
install
B.will
have
been
installed
C.are
installed
D.have
been
installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据后面的时间状语by
2022可知,空处应用将来完成时。动词install和5G
terminals之间是被动关系,故空处应用将来完成时的被动语态。
【举一反三】(2018·天津卷)My
washing
machine
________
this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
A.was
repaired
B.is
repaired
C.is
being
repaired
D.has
been
repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据“因此我不得不用手洗衣服”可知洗衣机此时“正在被维修”,应该用现在进行时的被动语态。
【变式探究】—Jack,do
you
have
any
problems
if
you________.
—Well,I’m
thinking
about
the
salary.
A.will
be
offered
B.have
offered
C.are
offered
D.will
offer
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:——杰克,如果你被录用的话,你还有问题吗?——我正在考虑薪水的问题。根据
I’m
thinking
about
the
salary可知是杰克被录取,故选C项。
【变式探究】When
you
visit
our
town
next
August,a
modern
sports
center________,for
the
National
Games
are
to
be
held
then.
A.will
be
constructing
B.has
been
constructing
C.will
have
been
constructed
D.is
being
constructed
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语next
August,排除B,D两项,再根据a
modern
sports
center和construct是被动关系,排除A项,用将来完成时。故选C项。
1.(2019·江苏卷)A
few
months
after
he
had
arrived
in
China,
Mr.
Smith
________
in
love
with
the
people
and
culture
there.
A.would
fall
B.had
fallen
C.has
fallen
D.fell
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就爱上了那里的人民和文化。这里描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。
2.(2019·天津卷)Amy,
as
well
as
her
brothers,
________
a
warm
welcome
when
returning
to
the
village
last
week.
A.is
given
B.are
given
C.was
given
D.were
given
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:上周Amy和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语“last
week”可知,应用一般过去时;as
well
as连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语一致,即与“Amy”一致,故此处应用单数形式。故选C。
3.(2019·江苏卷)The
musician
along
with
his
band
members
________
ten
performances
in
the
last
three
months.
A.gives
B.has
given
C.have
given
D.give
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了10场表演。根据后面的时间状语in
the
last
three
months可知,谓语动词的时态应用现在完成时;along
with连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故选B项。
4.(2019·天津卷)I
________
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage,
but
I
couldn’t
manage
it.
A.had
hoped
B.am
hoping
C.have
hoped
D.would
hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚,但是没能成功。根据句意可知,本句中“想送礼物”发生在“没成功”之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故选A。
5.(2019·江苏卷)They
are
trying
to
make
sure
that
5G
terminals
________
by
2022
for
the
Beijing
Winter
Olympics.
A.will
install
B.will
have
been
installed
C.are
installed
D.have
been
installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据后面的时间状语by
2022可知,空处应用将来完成时。动词install和5G
terminals之间是被动关系,故空处应用将来完成时的被动语态。
1.【2018·北京】—Hi,
I’m
Peter.
Are
you
new
here?
I
haven’t
seen
you
around?
—Hello,
Peter.
I’m
Bob.
I
just
_________
on
Monday.
A.
start
B.
have
started
C.
started
D.
had
started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:——嗨,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没有在附近见过你。——你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知,Bob现在在这儿,他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情,周一是一个过去的时间,故该句应用一般过去时态,C选项正确。
2.【2018·北京】Susan
had
quit
her
well-paid
job
and
_________
as
a
volunteer
in
the
neighborhood
when
I
visited
her
last
year.
A.
is
working
B.
was
working
C.
has
worked
D.
had
worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候,她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前,had
quit是过去完成时态,过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”,且结合时间状语when
I
visited
her
last
year可知,Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况,故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
3.【2018·北京】China’s
high-speed
railways
_________
from
9,000
to
25,000
kilometers
in
the
past
few
years.
A.
are
growing
B.
have
grown
C.
will
grow
D.
had
grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in
the
past
few
years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况,故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
4.【2018·北京】A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
_________
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
A.
are
trapping
B.
have
been
trapped
C.
were
trapping
D.
had
been
trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who
___
in
the
mountains
for
two
days”是定语从句,修饰two
tourists,two
tourists和trap之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由risked可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即“过去的过去”,该空应用过去完成时态。综上,D选项正确。
5.【2018·天津】
My
washing
machine
___________this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
A.
was
repaired
B.
is
repaired
C.
is
being
repaired
D.
has
been
repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:这周我的洗衣机正在修,所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.可知,洗衣机正在修,故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
6.【2018·天津】
I
can't
find
my
purse.
I___________
it
in
the
supermarket
yesterday,
but
I'm
not
sure.
A.
should
leave
B.
must
have
left
C.
might
leave
D.
could
have
left
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+
have
done,再根据后句but
I’m
not
sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,表示“可能”。故选D。
7.【2018·江苏】
Hopefully?in?2025?we?will?no?longer?be?e-mailing?each?other,
for?we
_______
more
convenient
electronic
communication?tools?by?then.
A.
have
developed
B.
had?developed
C.
will?have?developed
D.
developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:希望在2025年,我们不再互相发电子邮件,因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in
2025,可知用将来时;再根据时间状语by
then到那时,可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
8.【2018·江苏】I?was?sent?to?the?village?last?month?to?see?how?the?development?plan?_______
in?the?past
two
years.
A.
had?been?carried?out
B.
would
be
carried
out
C.
is?being?carried?out
D.
has
been
carried
out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last
month和in
the
past
two
years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
1.(2017江苏)
He
hurried
home,
never
once
looking
back
to
see
if
he
____________.
A.
was
being
followed
B.
was
following
C.
had
been
followed
D.
followed
【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句和时态。根据句子成分可知,He和follow是被动关系,排除B、D。根据句意:在匆忙赶回家的路上,他从未回头看是否被跟踪,用过去进行时最合适,答案选A。
2.(2017·北京)—______
that
company
to
see
how
they
think
of
our
product
yesterday?
—Yes.
They
are
happy
with
it.
A.
Did
you
call
B.
Have
you
called
C.
Will
you
call
D.
Were
you
calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意:--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样?--打了,他们很满意。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday,发生在过去,肯定用过去式,故选A。
3.(2017·北京)People______better
access
to
health
care
than
they
used
to,and
they’re
living
longer
as
a
result.
A.
will
have
B.
have
C.
had
D.
had
had
【答案】B
【解析】句意:人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险,结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在,所以than前一句话是用现在的时间,而且后一句用的就是现在时态,所以前面也用现在时态,故选B。
1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,62)So
it
was
a
great
honour
to
be
invited
backstage
at
the
not?for?profit
Panda
Base,where
ticket
money
helps
pay
for
research.I
________(allow)to
get
up
close
to
these
cute
animals
at
the
600?acre
centre.
【答案】was
allowed
【解析】句意:……在这个占地六百英亩的中心,我被允许靠近这些可爱的动物。由语境可知作者被允许接近这些动物,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
2.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,62)Truly
elegant
chopsticks
might
________(make)of
gold
and
silver
with
Chinese
characters.
【答案】be
made
【解析】句意:真正考究的筷子可能是由具有中国特色的金或银制成的。make和chopsticks之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态,空格前有might,所以用be
made。
3.(2016·四川,61)The
giant
panda
________(love)by
people
throughout
the
world.
【答案】is
loved
【解析】句意:大熊猫被全世界人民所喜爱。主语the
giant
panda和动词love构成被动关系,故应用一般现在时的被动语态。
4.(2016·四川,69)Then,after
two
and
a
half
years,the
mother
________(drive)the
young
panda
away.
【答案】drove
【解析】句意:然后,两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。根据句意可知,此处应用一般过去时。
5.(2016·浙江,5)While
online
shopping
________(change)our
life,not
all
of
its
effects
have
been
positive.
【答案】has
changed
【解析】句意:尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但是并不是所有的影响都是积极的。主语是online
shopping,结合语境以及后面的have
been可知,这里要用现在完成时。
6.(2016·浙江,9)Silk
________(become)one
of
the
primary
goods
traded
along
the
Silk
Road
by
about
100
BC.
【答案】had
become
【解析】句意:到公元前100年为止,丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。by
about
100
BC是时间状语,这里强调到公元前100年为止,所以要用过去完成时。
7.(2016·北京,21)Jack
________(work)in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
【答案】was
working
【解析】句意:杰克正在实验室里工作的时候突然停电了。本句使用了be
doing
sth.when...句式,表示“正在做某事,突然……”,此时主句用过去进行时,分句用一般过去时。
8.(2016·北京,23)—Excuse
me,which
movie
are
you
waiting
for?
—The
new
Star
Wars.We
________(wait)here
for
more
than
two
hours.
【答案】have
been
waiting
【解析】句意:——对不起,你们在等什么电影?——新版的《星球大战》。我们在这里等了两个多小时了。根据时间状语判断,语境表示在过去很长时间里一直在做某事,并且还将继续,此时应用现在完成进行时。
9.(2016·北京,25)I
________(read)half
of
the
English
novel,and
I'll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
【答案】have
read
【解析】句意:这本英语小说我已经读了一半,这个周末我将尽力把它读完。语境表示“已经读了一半”,应该用现在完成时表示过去发生并且对现在有影响的动作。
10.(2016·北京,30)The
students
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts
________(reward)with
success
in
the
end.
【答案】will
be
rewarded
【解析】句意:这些学生一直在努力学习功课,他们的努力最终会以成功作为回报。由语境可知,学生的努力会得到回报是将来的动作,故用一般将来时;reward和their
efforts之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。
11.(2016·天津,3)When
walking
down
the
street,I
came
across
David,whom
I
________(see)for
years.
【答案】hadn't
seen
【解析】句意:在街上散步时,我偶遇了大卫。我已经很多年没见过他了。“我很多年没见过他”发生在came
across之前,表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。
1.(2015·江苏,30)The
real
reason
why
prices
(be),
and
still
are,
too
high
is
complex,
and
no
short
discussion
can
satisfactorily
explain
this
problem.
【解析】句意:价格过去和现在仍然过高的原因是复杂的,没有简短的讨论可以令人满意地解释这个问题。根据and
still
are可以推断出空白处是对过去时态的考查。
【答案】were
2.(2015·湖南,22)As
you
go
through
this
book,
you
(find)that
each
of
the
millions
of
people
who
lived
through
World
War
Ⅱ
had
a
different
experience.
【解析】句意:在你浏览这本书时,你会发现经历二战的数百万人的经历各不相同。as引导时间状语从句,意思是“当……的时候”,在从句中使用的是一般现在时,所以主句使用一般将来时,即所谓“主将从现”,主句使用一般将来时,从句使用一般现在时。
【答案】will
find
3.(2015·湖南,25)I
wasn't
able
to
hide
my
eagerness
when
I
(ask),
“What
do
you
wish
me
to
do
now?”
【解析】句意:在我问“现在你想让我干什么?”时,我无法掩饰自己的迫切心情。从句中的时态应该和主句中的时态保持一致,而不是和直接引语中的时态保持一致。
【答案】asked
4.(2015·湖南,28)He
must
have
sensed
that
I
(look)at
him.He
suddenly
glanced
at
me
and
said
quietly,
“Why
are
you
staring
at
me
like
that?”
【解析】句意:他一定是感到了我在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼,然后平静地说:“为什么这样盯着看我?”
must
have
done是对过去情况的推测,that后面应该使用过去时,在根据后面“为什么这样盯着看我?”所使用的时态为进行时,可知此处为过去进行时。
【答案】was
looking
5.(2015·湖南,32)I
had
a
strong
desire
to
reach
in
and
play
with
the
toy,
but
(hold)back
thankfully
by
the
shop
window.
【解析】句意:我有一种强烈的进去玩玩具的冲动,但是幸亏被橱窗拦住了。前面had
是一般过去时,此处是并列谓语,也应该使用一般过去时;hold
back和主语I之间是被动关系,所以使用被动语态。
【答案】was
held
6.(2015·北京,22)—Did
you
enjoy
the
party?
—Yes.We
(treat)well
by
our
hosts.
【解析】句意:——你们聚会玩得快乐吗?——是的,主人招待我们很好。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时;且we和treated是动宾关系,用被动语态。故该空用一般过去时的被动语态。
【答案】were
treated
7.(2015·北京,26)In
the
last
few
years,
China
(make)great
achievements
in
environmental
protection.
【解析】句意:在最近的几年里,中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。由“in
the
last
few
years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。
【答案】has
made
8.(2015·北京,27)—Did
you
have
difficulty
finding
Ann's
house?
—Not
really.She
(
give)us
clear
directions
and
we
were
able
to
find
it
easily.
【解析】句意:——你们找到安的家有困难吗?——真的没有,她已经给了我们清晰的说明,我们能够很容易地找到它。由句意可知give这一动作发生在“我们找安的家之前”,故用过去完成时。
【答案】had
given
9.(2015·北京,30)—Dr.Jackson
is
not
in
his
office
at
the
moment.
—All
right.I
(call)him
later.
【解析】句意:——Dr.Jackson现在不在他的办公室里。——好的,过一会儿我再给他打电话。由句中的later可知此处要用一般将来时。
【答案】will
call
10.(2015·浙江,8)Albert
Einstein
was
born
in
1879.As
a
child,
few
people
guessed
that
he
(go)be
a
famous
scientist
whose
theories
would
change
the
world.
【解析】句意:爱因斯坦出生于1879年。小时候,几乎没有人想到他会成为一个其理论将会改变世界的科学家。根据语境可知,此处要用过去将来时。
【答案】was
going
to
11.(2015·重庆,1)—Is
Peter
coming?
—No,
he
(change)his
mind
after
a
phone
call
at
the
last
minute.
【解析】句意:——彼特要来吗?——不,当接到一个电话后,他最后时刻改变了主意。句中的after
a
phone
call
at
the
last
minute
表明动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时。
【答案】changed
12.(2015·重庆,13)In
my
hometown,
there
is
always
a
harvest
supper
for
the
farmers
after
all
the
wheat
(cut).
【解析】句意:在我的家乡,当所有的小麦被收割完后,总有举行一个丰收晚宴。表示动作在前,要用完成时,且the
wheat与动词cut之间为动宾语关系,故要用被动语态。after引导时间状语从句,在条件或时间状语从句中要用现在完成时代替将来完成时。
【答案】has
been
cut
13.(2015·陕西,22)Marty
(work)really
hard
on
his
book
and
he
thinks
he'll
have
finished
it
by
Friday.
【解析】句意:马蒂一直以来真的是很努力地写这本书,他认为他到星期五就能写完了。考查时态。他的书还没有写完,现在正在努力写,用现在完成进行时表示过去到现在一直持续的动作,并且很有可能还要持续下去。
【答案】has
been
working
14.(2015·陕西,24)At
college,Barack
Obama
didn't
know
that
he
(become)
the
first
black
president
of
the
United
States
of
America.
【解析】句意:大学的时候,奥巴马不知道他要成为美国的第一位黑人总统。考查动词时态。注定成为,需要用was
to
become;主句是一般过去时,从句也可以用过去将来时。
【答案】was
to
become/would
become
15.(2015·四川,4)More
expressways
(build)
in
Sichuan
soon
to
promote
the
local
economy.
【解析】考查时态。句意:四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济(发展)。根据时间状语soon可知,此空为将来时的被动形式。
【答案】will
be
built
16.(2015·天津,6)Jane
can't
attend
the
meeting
at
3
o'clock
this
afternoon
because
she
(teach)a
class
at
that
time.
【解析】句意:琼不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议,因为那时她将在上课。考查将来进行时。时间状语at
that
time指的是前面的at
3
o'clock
this
afternoon,表示将来某个时刻正在做某事,要用将来进行时。
【答案】will
be
teaching
17.(2015·天津,9)Despite
the
previous
rounds
of
talks,
no
agreement
(reach)so
far
by
the
two
sides.
【解析】句意:尽管之前进行了几次谈判,但到目前为止双方没达成任何协议。考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语so
far可知此处要用现在完成时,主语agreement与动词reach之间为动宾关系,故要用现在完成时的被动形式。
【答案】has
been
reached
18.(2015·安徽,24)Just
as
I
got
to
the
school
gate,
I
realised
I
(leave)my
book
in
the
cafe.
【解析】句意:我刚一到学校门口,就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。考查动词的时态。realized后省略了that,这里是一个宾语从句,从句时态与主句保持一致,“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前,应该用过去完成时。
【答案】had
left
19.(2015·安徽,29)It
is
reported
that
a
space
station
(build)on
the
moon
in
years
to
come.
【解析】句意:据报道,
未来几年将在月球上建造空间站。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据in
years
to
come可知该题应为将来时态,再者station和build之间构成被动关系,故用将来时的被动语态。
【答案】will
be
built
20.(2015·福建,26)To
my
delight,
I
(choose)from
hundreds
of
applicants
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony.
【解析】句意:令我高兴的是,我被从好几百人中选出参加这次开幕式。考查动词的时态语态。我被选中,应该用被动语态。
【答案】was
chosen
21.(2015·福建,30)—Where
is
Peter?
I
can't
find
him
anywhere.
—He
went
to
the
library
after
breakfast
and
(write)his
essay
there
ever
since.
【解析】句意:——彼得去哪儿了?我到处找不到他。——他早饭后去了图书馆,从那之后,一直在那里写论文。考查时态。根据句意,可以看出早饭之后,彼得一直在持续写的动作,很有可能现在还在持续,故用现在完成进行时。
【答案】has
been
writing