非谓语动词
知识点一、非谓语动词作状语
1.非谓语动词作目的状语,要想到用不定式;
To
succeed,
we
must
make
good
preparation.
要取得成功必须做好准备。
2.非谓语动词作伴随状语,要想到用现在分词;
The
students
rushed
out
of
the
classroom,
laughing
and
talking.
学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。
3.非谓语动词作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式,表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词;
He
hurried
to
the
station
only
to
find
that
the
train
had
left.
他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)
(陕西卷)More
highways
have
been
built
in
China,
making
it
much
easier
for
people
to
travel
from
one
place
to
another.
中国又建了更多高速公路,这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)
4.非谓语动词作原因状语,表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式;非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。
I
am
only
too
glad
to
see
everything
settled.
看到一切问题都解决了,我很高兴。
Being
tired,
he
went
to
bed
early.
因为很累,他很早就睡了。
Seeing
the
police,
the
thieves
ran
away.
看到警察,小偷就跑了。
源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语,表示句子主语所处的一种状态,常见的有seated(坐着的),devoted(专注的),lost/absorbed
in(沉溺于),dressed
in(穿着)等。
【特别提醒】Absorbed
in
his
book,
he
didn’t
notice
me
enter
the
room.
他专注读书,没注意到我进入房间。
知识点二
非谓语动词作定语
非谓语动词类别
用法
动词不定式
表示将要发生的动作
动名词
表示用途
分词
现在分词
表示动作主动进行或者正在进行中
过去分词
表示动作被动完成或者单纯表示已经完成
We
are
preparing
for
the
mid?term
examination
to
be
held
next
week.
我们正在为下周将要举行的期中考试做准备。
The
lecture,
starting(=which
was
starting)at
7:00
p.m.
last
night,
was
followed
by
an
observation
of
the
moon
with
telescopes.
讲座于昨晚七点开始,随后是用望远镜观察月球。
Tsinghua
University,
founded
in
1911,
is
home
to
a
great
number
of
outstanding
figures.
清华大学建立于1911年,是许多杰出人物的摇篮。
【特别提醒】不定式作定语时,若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者,则用主动形式表被动含义;若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者,则用被动形式表被动含义。
She
has
a
sister
to
look
after.
她有一个妹妹需要照顾。(she是look
after的执行者)
I
want
to
go
to
Beijing.Do
you
have
anything
to
be
bought?
我要去北京,你有什么东西需要买吗?(you不是buy的执行者)
知识点三
非谓语动词作宾语
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词:agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,happen等。
2.只接v.?ing形式作宾语的动词:admit,avoid,consider,escape,imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feel
like,give
up,put
off,object
to,look
forward
to等。
3.接不定式与接v.?ing形式有显著区别的动词:(1)try
to
do
尽力做……;try
doing
试着去做……;(2)
mean
to
do打算做……;mean
doing
意味着……;(3)
regret
to
do遗憾要去做……;regret
doing后悔做过……;(4)remember
to
do
记得去做……;remember
doing记得做过……;(5)
forget
to
do忘记去做……;forget
doing
忘记做了……。
4.动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时,其后要用v.?ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
5.介词后一般要接v.?ing形式作宾语,但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语,若前有实义动词do,不定式要省略to。
He
got
well?prepared
for
the
job
interview,for
he
couldn’t
risk
losing
the
good
opportunity.
他为这次工作面试做好了充分准备,因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。
We
agreed
to
meet
here
but
so
far
she
hasn’t
turned
up
yet.
我们约好在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。
What
a
poor
memory!I
forgot
borrowing
money
from
him
yesterday.But
today
I
forgot
to
return
the
money
to
him.
多么差的记忆力!昨天我忘了向他借过钱,但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。
【特别提醒】
不定式作动词(短语)learn,decide,know,wonder,show,tell,understand,explain,teach,advise,find
out等的宾语时,前面常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等。
知识点四
非谓语动词作宾补
1.现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系,并且现在分词作宾补强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。
I
looked
up
and
noticed
a
snake
winding
its
way
up
the
tree
to
catch
its
breakfast.
我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。
He
had
the
light
burning
all
night,which
made
his
parents
very
angry.
他让灯亮了整晚,这使他父母很生气。
It’s
wrong
to
leave
the
computer
working.
让电脑一直开着是不对的。
I
am
sorry
to
have
kept
you
waiting
for
so
long.
对不起让你久等了。
I
found
a
number
of
people
already
working
there.
我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。
2.过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。
When
we
saw
the
road
blocked
with
snow,we
decided
to
spend
the
holiday
at
home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家过假期。
You
should
keep
me
informed
of
his
whereabouts.
你应该让我了解他的行踪。
The
old
found
his
hometown
much
changed.
这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。
He
left
much
work
unfinished
because
he
was
ill.
因为生病,他留下许多工作未做。
3.不定式作宾补
(1)常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise,allow,ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,invite,leave,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,warn,wish,call
on,depend
upon等。
(2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):help,使役动词(make,have,let),感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态,则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略,也可以保留。
We
hurriedly
ended
the
meeting,leaving
many
problems
to
be
settled.
我们匆忙结束了会议,留下很多问题要解决。
4.with+宾语+宾补
(1)with+宾语+doing(表示主动且进行)
(2)with+宾语+done(表示被动且完成)
(3)with+宾语+to
do(表示将来)
The
old
couple
often
take
a
walk
after
supper
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
following
them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步,他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
John
received
an
invitation
to
dinner,and
with
his
work
finished,he
gladly
accepted
it.
约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。
With
a
lot
of
difficult
problems
to
settle,the
newly
elected
president
is
having
a
hard
time.
因为有很多难题要解决,这位新任总统的日子不好过。
【特别提醒】
(1)使役动词(make,have,let
等)及感官动词(see,watch,observe,hear,notice
等)后作宾补的不定式不带to。但用于被动语态(let除外)时,作主补的不定式一定要加上to。
(2)下列结构中用不定式作主补:
sb.be
said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to
do/to
have
done/to
be
done/to
be
doing/to
have
been
done
sth.
The
director
had
her
assistant
pick
up
some
hot
dogs
for
the
meeting.
经理让她的助手为会议买一些热狗。
He
is
thought
to
have
invented
the
first
telephone
in
the
world.
人们认为他发明了世界上第一部电话。
知识点五
非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.非谓语动词作主语
不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作;v.?ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作,尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首,也可用it作形式主语,而把不定式或v.?ing形式后置。下列句型常用v.?ing形式作主语:It
is/was
no
use/no
good/of
little
use
(good)
doing
sth.。
Hearing
how
others
react
to
the
book
you
have
just
read
creates
an
added
pleasure.
聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。
It
is
no
good
learning
without
practice.
只学习不实践没有好处。
It’s
not
easy
to
learn
English
well.Reading
as
much
as
possible
is
necessary.
学好英语不容易,广泛阅读是有必要的。
2.非谓语动词作表语
v.?ing形式作表语时,说明主语的性质或特征;不定式作表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作,或表示将来的动作。
What
she
likes
is
watching
children
play.
她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
His
ambition
is
to
go
Harvard
University.
他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。
知识点六
非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词
形式
意义
不定式
一般时
完成时主动:to
do
不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
被动:to
be
done
进行时
to
be
doing
谓语动作发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行
完成时
主动:to
have
done
不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前
被动:to
have
been
done
非谓语动词
形式
意义
动词?ing形式
一般时
主动:doing
分词动作与谓语动作(几乎)同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
被动:being
done
完成时
主动:having
done
表示分词动作先于谓语动作发生
被动:having
been
done
过去分词
done
表示被动与完成
提醒
having
been
done与done作状语时没有明显区别,可互换,但having
been
done不能作定语。不及物动词的过去分词,只表示完成,不表示被动
There
is
no
greater
pleasure
than
lying
on
my
back
in
the
middle
of
the
grassland,staring
at
the
night
sky.
没有什么能比躺在草地中央凝视着夜空让人感到更高兴的事儿了。
I
got
to
the
office
earlier
that
day,having
caught
the
7:30
train
from
Paddington.
那天我比平时到办公室的时间要早,因为我赶上了7:30从Paddington来的火车。
Having
been
asked
to
work
overtime
that
evening,I
missed
a
wonderful
film.
我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。
His
first
book
to
be
published
is
based
on
a
true
story.
即将出版的他的第一本书是基于一个真实的故事写的。
【方法技巧】
非谓语动词解题四步骤
第一步:利用“有无连词”原则确定谓语还是非谓语。
分析句子结构,判断出句子的主干——主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语,则要用谓语动词,如果题线处不作谓语,则要用非谓语动词。
第二步:根据句意和作用确定句子成分。
根据句意和题线处在句中的位置和作用,确定其所充当的句子成分,从而确定空格处所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。
第三步:根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态。
如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用v.?ing形式或不定式的主动式;若为动宾关系则用v.?ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。
第四步:根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态。
非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.?ing形式的完成时或不定式的完成时;若同时进行用v.?ing形式或不定式的进行时;若非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式的一般时。
高频考点一、非谓语动词作状语
例1、(2019·江苏卷)________
the
convenience
of
digital
payment,
many
senior
citizens
started
to
use
smart
phones.
A.To
enjoy
B.Enjoying
C.To
have
enjoyed
D.Enjoy
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了享受电子支付的便利,许多老年人开始使用智能手机。分析句子结构可知,这里表示目的,故用动词不定式作目的状语。
【举一反三】(2018·江苏卷)Around
13,500
new
jobs
were
created
during
the
period,
________
the
expected
number
of
12,000
held
by
market
analysts.
A.having
exceeded
B.to
exceed
C.exceeded
D.exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这段时间大约13
500个新的工作岗位被创造了出来,超过了市场分析人士预计的12
000个。exceed与主语是逻辑上的主谓关系,故选择exceeding。
【变式探究】(2018·北京卷)During
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival,
family
members
often
gather
together
________
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes.
A.share
B.to
share
C.having
shared
D.shared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在中秋节期间,家庭成员常常欢聚一堂,享受大餐、赏月并品尝月饼。根据句意以及句子结构可知,此处用不定式作目的状语。
【变式探究】Due
to
the
newly?discovered
flu,
a
general
anxiousness
developed
and
spread,
________
a
sharp
decrease
of
dining
out.
A.caused
B.having
caused
C.to
cause
D.causing
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:因为这种最新发现的流感,一种普遍的焦虑情绪滋生出来并且不断蔓延,这导致外出吃饭的人数急剧减少。分析句子结构可知,cause与其逻辑主语是主动关系,应用v.?ing形式作结果状语,所以选D。
高频考点二
非谓语动词作定语
例2.(2019·天津卷)Most
colleges
now
offer
first?year
students
a
course
specially
________
to
help
them
succeed
academically
and
personally.
A.designed
B.designing
C.to
design
D.being
designed
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:大多数大学现在给大一学生提供一门专门设计的来帮助他们在学术和个人事务上成功的课程。此处course与design之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故选A。
【举一反三】(2017·江苏卷)Many
Chinese
brands,________their
reputations
over
centuries,
are
facing
new
challenges
from
the
modern
market.
A.having
developed
B.being
developed
C.developed
D.developing
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句的主语Many
Chinese
brands与develop存在主动关系,因此用现在分词,又根据句中的时间状语over
centuries可知,此处应该使用现在分词的完成式。故答案为A。
【变式探究】In
art
criticism,
you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message
________
within
the
work.
A.to
hide
B.hidden
C.hiding
D.being
hidden
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,message与hide是逻辑上的被动关系,因此应该使用过去分词作后置定语。
【变式探究】Shanghai
has
become
the
first
city
in
China
________
road
test
plates
for
autonomous
driving
trucks,
issuing
a
plate
to
technology
companies
TuSimple
and
Momenta
each,
according
to
Jiefang
Daily.
A.having
issued
B.to
issue
C.issuing
D.issued
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:据《解放日报》报道,上海已成为中国第一个颁发自动驾驶卡车道路测试牌照的城市,给技术公司TuSimple和Momenta各颁发了一张牌照。根据句中的“the
first”可知此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故选B。
高频考点三、非谓语动词作宾语
例3、(2018·天津卷)I
didn’t
mean
________
anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn’t
help
________
it.
A.to
eat;to
try
B.eating;trying
C.eating;to
try
D.to
eat;trying
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。从句意看,第一空所在部分用mean
to
do
sth.表示“打算做某事”,第二空用couldn’t
help
doing
sth.表示“忍不住做某事”,因此选D。
【举一反三】After
receiving
the
Oscar
for
Best
Supporting
Actress,Anne
Benedict
went
on
________
all
the
people
who
had
helped
in
her
career.
A.to
thank
B.thanking
C.having
thanked
D.to
have
thanked
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,Anne
Benedict继续感谢所有曾经在她的职业生涯中帮助过她的人。
go
on
后接to
do或doing作宾语均可,但是go
on
doing
sth.表示“继续做同一件事”,而go
on
to
do
sth.则表示“继续做另一件事”。由语境可知,Anne
Benedict在拿奖后又继续做另一件事,即“感谢所有帮助过她的人”,故用go
on
to
do
sth.。
【变式探究】Acceptance
is
not
about
liking
a
situation.It
is
about
acknowledging
all
that
has
been
lost
and________to
live
with
that
loss.
A.learning
B.learned
C.to
learn
D.having
learned
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:接受不是关于喜欢一种状况。它是关于承认所有已经失去的和学会带着损失生活下去。题干中acknowledging和learning做about的并列宾语,故选A。
【变式探究】There
is
a
strict
limit
of
13
days
in
the
challenging
race
through
the
Arctic,although
most
competitors
end
up________
long
before
that.
A.to
retire
B.retired
C.having
retired
D.retiring
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:穿越北冰洋的13天挑战赛有严格的限制,尽管参赛者都已在很久之前就退出了。end
up后跟v.?ing形式,意为:以……为结束。故选D。
高频考点四、非谓语动词作宾补
例4.(2018·天津卷)I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photograph
________.
A.taking
B.taken
C.being
taken
D.take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。从句意和句子结构看,本空在句中作宾补,动词take与my
photograph之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词,因此选B。
【举一反三】Back
from
his
two?year
medical
service
in
Africa,Dr.Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
________
good
care
of
at
home.
A.taking
B.taken
C.take
D.be
taken
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务,回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。分析句子结构可知,此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语可以是
do,doing或者done。
若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作发生的全过程,用省略to的动词不定式,即do;
若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作正在进行,用doing;
若宾语与补语之间是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补。此处his
mother与take
good
care
of之间是被动关系,故选B项。
【变式探究】Listening
to
music
at
home
is
one
thing,going
to
hear
it
________
live
is
quite
another.
A.perform
B.performing
C.to
perform
D.being
performed
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另一回事。题干中含有“hear+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系,且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐,故应用being
performed作宾语补足语。
【变式探究】Have
you
seen
the
boys________Little
Apple?That’s
such
a
beautiful
scene
that
I
dare
not
have
my
eyes________on
it.
A.dancing;fixing
B.dance;fixing
C.dance;fixed
D.to
dance;fixed
【答案】C
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意:
你看见男孩们跳《小苹果》了吗?那是如此美的场景,我都不敢看。see
sb.do
sth.看见某人做某事;have
one’s
eyes
fixed
on
sth.某人的眼凝视在……上。根据句意选C。
高频考点五、非谓语动词作主语和表语
例5.(2019·天津卷)________
to
think
critically
is
an
important
skill
today’s
children
will
need
for
the
future.
A.Learn
B.Learned
C.Learning
D.Having
learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意:学会批判性地思考是当今儿童未来所需的一项重要技能。分析句子结构可知,主句的谓语动词是is,is之前的内容是主语,故此处应用动名词短语作主语,表示一般性的陈述概念,故选C。
【举一反三】(2018·北京卷)________
along
the
old
Silk
Road
is
an
interesting
and
rewarding
experience.
A.Travel
B.Traveling
C.Having
traveled
D.Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。根据句子结构可知,此处用动名词作主语。
【变式探究】For
those
with
family
members
far
away,the
personal
computer
and
the
phone
are
important
in
staying________.
A.connected
B.connecting
C.to
connect
D.to
be
connected
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持),它是一个连系动词,后接形容词作表语。A项connected是形容词,意为“有联系的,有来往的”,符合句意。stay
connected是“stay+形容词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。本题中的staying
connected和keeping
in
touch表达同一个意思。
【变式探究】We
should
bear
in
mind
that
________
aloud
in
public
is
a
good
way
to
develop
our
level
of
confidence.
A.having
spoken
B.to
be
spoken
C.speaking
D.speak
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们应该记住:在公共场合大声讲话是提高我们的自信心的一个好方法。分析句子结构可知,空处在从句中作主语,应用动名词形式。故选C。
高频考点六
非谓语动词的时态和语态
例6.The
film
star
wears
sunglasses.Therefore,he
can
go
shopping
without
________.
A.recognizing
B.being
recognized
C.having
recognized
D.having
been
recognized
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那位影星戴着墨镜,因此他可以在没人认出的情况下购物了。without为介词,后面接动名词形式;The
film
star与recognize之间存在被动关系,故用动名词的被动式,即“being
done”结构。此题易误选D项,having
been
done为现在分词的被动式,不作介词的宾语。
【举一反三】________
for
two
days,Steve
managed
to
finish
his
report
on
schedule.
A.To
work
B.Worked
C.To
be
working
D.Having
worked
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:工作了两天,史蒂夫设法如期完成了他的报告。首先,work的动作发生在managed
to
finish...之前,故用完成时;Steve与work之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式,故用Having
worked。
【变式探究】There
are
still
many
problems
________before
we
are
ready
for
a
long
stay
on
the
Moon.
A.solving
B.solved
C.being
solved
D.to
be
solved
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在我们准备在月球上长住之前,还有很多问题需要解决。由There
are可知设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰problems,根据时间状语从句before
we
are
ready
for
a
long
stay
on
the
Moon可知,动作solve发生在将来,故用不定式结构,而且problems与solve之间存在被动关系,故用不定式的被动结构。
【变式探究】________
a
good
writer,
you
must
find
a
quiet
place
where
you
can
think,
preferably
one
with
limited
accessibility.
A.Becoming
B.To
become
C.Having
become
D.Become
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:要成为一名好作家,你必须找到一个你能思考的安静之处,最好是一个限制(其他人)进入的地方。根据句意,空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
1.(2019·江苏卷)________
the
convenience
of
digital
payment,
many
senior
citizens
started
to
use
smart
phones.
A.To
enjoy
B.Enjoying
C.To
have
enjoyed
D.Enjoy
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了享受电子支付的便利,许多老年人开始使用智能手机。分析句子结构可知,这里表示目的,故用动词不定式作目的状语。
2.(2019·天津卷)Most
colleges
now
offer
first?year
students
a
course
specially
________
to
help
them
succeed
academically
and
personally.
A.designed
B.designing
C.to
design
D.being
designed
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:大多数大学现在给大一学生提供一门专门设计的来帮助他们在学术和个人事务上成功的课程。此处course与design之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故选A。
3.(2019·天津卷)________
to
think
critically
is
an
important
skill
today’s
children
will
need
for
the
future.
A.Learn
B.Learned
C.Learning
D.Having
learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意:学会批判性地思考是当今儿童未来所需的一项重要技能。分析句子结构可知,主句的谓语动词是is,is之前的内容是主语,故此处应用动名词短语作主语,表示一般性的陈述概念,故选C。
1.(2018·江苏卷)Around?13,500?new?jobs?were?created?during?the?period,
_______
the?expected?number
of
12,000
held?by
market?analysts.
A.
having?exceeded
B.
to?exceed
C.
exceeded
D.
exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在这期间,大约创造13,500个新的工作,超过市场分析师持有的12,000个的预期数量。分析全句可知,这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果,故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。
2、(2018·天津卷)
I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photographs___________.
A.
taking
B.
taken
C.
being
taken
D.
take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语my
photograph与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
3、(2018·北京卷)Ordinary
soap,
_________
correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria
effectively.
A.
used
B.
to
use
C.
using
D.
use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary
soap
can
deal
with
bacterial
effectively是主句,_________
correctly是条件状语,修饰ordinary
soap,ordinary
soap和use之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词,A选项正确。
1.(2017·江苏卷)Many
Chinese
brands,
____________
their
reputations
over
centuries,
are
facing
new
challenges
from
the
modern
market.
A.
having
developed
B.
being
developed
C.
developed
D.
developing
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语,和develop是主谓关系,所以用现在分词,表示伴随状况;再根据"over
centuries"可知,应该使用现在分词的完成式,故选A。
2.(2017·江苏卷)
Many
Chinese
brands,
_______
their
reputations
over
centuries,
are
facing
new
challenges
from
the
modern
market.
A.
having
developed
B.
being
developed
C.
developed
D.
developing
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语,和develop是主谓关系,所以用现在分词,表示伴随状况;再根据“over
centuries”可知,应该使用现在分词的完成式,故选A。句意:许多中国品牌,享誉数百年,现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。
3.(2017·北京)Many
airlines
now
allow
passengers
to
print
their
boarding
passes
online
______
their
valuable
time.
A.
save
B.
saving
C.
to
save
D.
saved
【答案】C
【解析】
句意:许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的,故选C。
4.(2017·北京)The
national
park
has
a
large
collection
of
wildlife,
_________
from
butterflies
to
elephants.
A.
ranging
B.
range
C.
to
range
D.
ranged
【答案】A
【解析】句意:国家公园有许多的野生动物,包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系,用现在分词,故选A。
5.(2017·北京)Jim
has
retired,
but
he
still
remember
the
happy
time
_______
with
his
students.
A.
to
spend
B.
spend
C.
spending
D.
spent
【答案】D
【解析】句意:Jim已经退休了,但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语,空格只能填非谓语动词,逻辑主语是time,和spend之间是被动关系,故用过去分词spent。
6.(2017?天津)The
hospital
has
recently
obtained
new
medical
equipment,
_____
more
patients
to
be
treated.
A.
being
allowed
B.
allowing
C.
having
allowed
D.
allowed
【答案】B
【解析】句意:近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备,允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系,用doing即现在分词作结果状语,表示顺理成章的结果。A.
being
allowed
表示被动且正在进行
C.
having
allowed
强调先于谓语动词发生
D.
allowed
表示被动且完成,故选B。
7.(2017?天津)I
was
watching
the
clock
all
through
the
meeting,
as
I
had
a
train
______.
A.
catching
B.
caught
C.
to
catch
D.
to
be
caught
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表,因为我要去敢火车。根据上文判断出as引导原因状语从句,根据have在本句中,词义为“有”,根据固定结构
Sb
have
sth
to
do
某人又某事要做(在本句中to
do
由主语完成),根据句意判断出本句符合本结构。故选C。
1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,66)...a
TV
show
in
the
mid?1980s,when
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter________(permit)to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
【答案】permitted
【解析】句意:……那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料……的单元的西方电视台记者。TV
reporter和permit之间是被动关系,用过去分词作后置定语。
2.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,67)My
ambassadorial
duties
will
include
________(introduce)British
visitors
to
the
120?plus
pandas
at
Chengdu
and
others
at
a
research
centre
in
the
misty
mountains
of
Bifengxia.
【答案】introducing
【解析】句意:我的大使职责将包括把英国参观者介绍给成都的120多只大熊猫及其他一些在碧峰峡雾山中一个研究中心里的熊猫们。include为及物动词,后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
3.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,49)If
you
find
something
you
love
doing
outside
of
the
office,you'll
be
less
likely
________(bring)your
work
home.
【答案】to
bring
【解析】句意:如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情,你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be
likely
to
do
sth.“可能做某事”。
4.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,63)Skilled
workers
also
combine
various
hardwoods
and
metal
________(create)special
designs.
【答案】to
create
【解析】句意:熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
5.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,64)People
probably
cooked
their
food
in
large
pots,________(use)twigs(树枝)to
remove
it.
【答案】using
【解析】句意:人们或许在大锅中做饭,用树枝把它弄出来。主语people与use之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。
6.(2016·四川,64)For
25
days,she
never
left
her
baby,not
even
to
find
something
________(eat)!
【答案】to
eat
【解析】句意:她25天都没有离开过她的孩子,甚至没找吃的东西。修饰不定代词something应用动词不定式作后置定语。
7.(2016·浙江,1)—Are
you
sure
you're
ready
for
the
test?
—No
problem.I'm
well
________(prepare)for
it.
【答案】prepared
【解析】句意:——你确定你准备好考试了吗?——没问题。我已经做好准备了。I作主语,be动词后要接动词的?ed形式充当表语。
8.(2016·浙江,10)To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution,I'd
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
________(conduct)in
Australia
in
2012.
【答案】conducted
【解析】句意:为了回到水污染的问题,我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。这里用过去分词表示被动和完成,充当定语修饰前面的名词study。
9.(2016·浙江,13)A
sudden
stop
can
be
a
very
________(frighten)experience,especially
if
you
are
travelling
at
high
speed.
【答案】frightening
【解析】句意:突然停止会是一次可怕的经历,尤其是如果你正以高速运行的时候。主语是表示物的A
sudden
stop,所以be动词后面用动词的?ing形式作表语。
10.(2016·浙江,19)I
had
as
much
fun
sailing
the
seas
as
I
now
do
________(work)with
students.
【答案】working
【解析】句意:我在海上航行和现在做的和学生一起进行的工作一样快乐。这里用现在分词表示伴随。
11.(2016·北京,26)________(make)it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us,you'd
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
【答案】To
make
【解析】句意:为了与我们联系更方便一些,你最好把这张卡片随身带着。分析句子成分可知,本空在句中作目的状语,因此用不定式。
12.(2016·北京,28)________(order)over
a
week
ago,the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
【答案】Ordered
【解析】句意:这些书是一个星期以前订购的,现在随时都可能到货。本空动词位于句首,不是祈使句,须用非谓语动词;order与books是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作状语表示被动或已发生。
13.(2016·北京,32)Newly?built
wooden
cottages
line
the
street,________(turn)the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
【答案】turning
【解析】句意:新建的小木屋排列在街道边,把这个古镇变成了一个人间仙境。本空动词没有连词与谓语连接,此时要用非谓语动词。cottages和turn是主动关系,故用现在分词作结果状语表示主动含义。
14.(2016·天津,4)The
cooling
wind
swept
through
our
bedroom
windows,________(make)air
conditioning
unnecessary.
【答案】making
【解析】句意:凉爽的风通过卧室的窗户吹进来,没有必要开空调了。此处表示顺其自然的结果,The
cooling
wind与make是主动关系,故用现在分词短语作结果状语。
1.(2015·江苏,24)Much
time
(spend)sitting
at
a
desk,
office
workers
are
generally
troubled
by
health
problems.
【解析】句意:大部分时间坐办公桌,办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time
与spend之间构成被动关系,另外该题实际考查了非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
【答案】spent
2.(2015·湖南,30)When
the
clerk
saw
a
kind
face
wrinkled
in
an
apologetic
smile,
she
stood
rooted
to
the
ground,
(wonder)whether
to
stay
or
leave.
【解析】句意:当店员看到一张充满善意的脸上挂着满怀歉意的微笑时,她呆呆地站在原地,不知该走还是不走。wondering
是现在分词作伴随状语,修饰动词stood。
【答案】wondering
3.(2015·湖南,34)Sometimes
I
act
as
a
listening
ear
for
fellow
students
(talk)over
what
is
bothering
them.
【解析】句意:有时候我充当同学们的倾诉对象,让他们通过倾诉释放心头的烦心事。for
sb
to
do
sth是不定式的复合结构,在句中作定语,修饰a
listening
ear。
【答案】to
talk
4.(2015·北京,21)
(catch)the
early
flight,
we
ordered
a
taxi
in
advance
and
got
up
very
early.
【解析】句意:为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起了床。此处用不定式作目的状语,表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。
【答案】To
catch
5.(2015·北京,23)The
park
was
full
of
people,
(enjoy)themselves
in
the
sunshine.
【解析】句意:公园里挤满了人,他们在阳光下过得很快乐。people和enjoy之间是主谓关系,且非谓语动词动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生,故用现在分词的一般式。
【答案】enjoying
6.(2015·北京,31)If
(accept)for
the
job,
you'll
be
informed
soon.
【解析】句意:如果录用你做这份工作,你将会很快得到通知。句子的主语you和动词accept之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。
【答案】accepted
7.(2015·浙江,18)Listening
to
music
at
home
is
one
thing,
going
to
hear
it
(perform)live
is
quite
another.
【解析】句意:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听音乐演奏是另外一回事。hear...doing...听到……正在做……,此处宾语it与动词perform之间为动宾关系,故要用现在分词的被动形式作宾语补足语。
【答案】being
performed
8.(2015·重庆,6)
(raise)in
the
poorest
area
of
Glasgow,
he
had
a
long,
hard
road
to
becoming
a
football
star.
【解析】句意:因为是在Glasgow
最贫穷的地区被抚养大,成为一名足球明星,他走过了一段很长很艰苦的路。分析句子成分可知此处是非谓语动词作状语,he和raise之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。
【答案】Raised
9.(2015·重庆,11)Like
ancient
sailors,
birds
can
find
their
way
(use)the
sun
and
the
stars.
【解析】句意:就像古时候的水手一样,鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境,use与其句中隐含的逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系,故用v.-ing形式的一般式,在句中作伴随状语,表示与find同时发生。
【答案】using
10.(2015·陕西,17)After
receiving
the
Oscar
for
Best
Supporting
Actress,Anne
Benedict
went
on
(thank)all
the
people
who
had
helped
in
her
career.
【解析】句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女演员提名奖之后,安妮·本尼迪克特继续感谢那些所有在她的事业中帮助她的人。考查固定搭配。go
on
to
do继续做另一件事;go
on
doing继续做同一件事。获奖和帮助是两件事。
【答案】to
thank
11.(2015·陕西,18)Back
from
his
two-year
medical
service
in
Africa,Dr.Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
(take)good
care
of
at
home.
【解析】句意:在他两年的非洲医疗服务回来后,李博士很高兴地看到他在家中被照顾得很好的母亲。考查非谓语动词。此处考查非谓语动词做后置定语,mother和take
good
care
of之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。
【答案】taken
12.(2015·天津,5)
(absorb)in
painting,
John
didn't
notice
evening
approaching.
【解析】句意:沉迷于绘画中,约翰没有注意时间已到了傍晚。考查非谓语动词。此处的Absorbed
in
painting相当于原因状语从句Because
he
was
absorbed
in
painting的省略。
【答案】Absorbed
13.(2015·天津,8)
(work)for
two
days,
Steve
managed
to
finish
his
report
on
schedule.
【解析】句意:工作了两天后,史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。考查非谓语动词。动词work与句子主语Steve之间为主谓关系,故要用现在分词,同时work的动作发生在谓语动词managed
to
finish之前,故要用完成时形式。
【答案】Having
worked
14.(2015·安徽,27)
(ignore)the
difference
between
the
two
research
findings
will
be
one
of
the
worst
mistakes
you
make.
【解析】句意:忽视两者研究成果的区别将是你犯的最糟糕的错误之一。
考查非谓语动词的句法功能;
该题考查动名词作主语。
【答案】Ignoring
15.(2015·福建,28)
(learn)more
about
Chinese
culture,
Jack
has
decided
to
take
Chinese
folk
music
as
an
elective
course.
【解析】句意:为了了解更多的中国文化,杰克决定选择中国民族音乐作为选修课。考查非谓语动词作目的状语。逗号后面没有连词,可以判断此处应填非谓语动词。
【答案】To
learn
16.(2015·福建,33)In
recent
years
an
English
word
“infosphere”
has
appeared,
(combine)the
sense
of
“information”
and
“atmosphere”.
【解析】句意:最近几年,一个英语单词“infosphere”出现了,感觉是把“information”和“atmosphere”两个词结合在了一起。考查非谓语动词作状语,combine和其逻辑主语word是主动关系。
【答案】combining