介词和代词
知识点一、表示时间的介词
1.in,on,at,over
(1)in表示在一段时间之内。通常时间较长,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如:
in
the
1950s,in
1989,in
summer,in
January,in
one's
thirties,in
the
morning等。
(2)on表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。如:
on
May
1st,on
Monday,on
a
cold
night
in
January,
on
a
fine
morning等。
(3)at表示在一个时间点上。指某一时刻或较短暂的时间,也泛指圣诞节,复活节等。如:
at
3:20,at
this
time
of
year,at
Christmas,at
night,at
this
moment等。
(4)over后面接一段时间,表示“超过……”或“在……期间”。如:
David
Crum,
the
CEO
of
Geldart
Software,
announced
that
the
corporation
would
open
three
branches
in
Bangkok
over
the
next
several
months.
(5)在last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用介词。如:
He
went
to
Japan
last
year.
We
meet
every
day.
2.in,after
(1)“in+一段时间”表示将来的一段时间之后。如:
My
mother
will
come
back
in
three
or
four
days.
(2)“after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间之后。如:
He
arrived
after
five
months.
(3)“after+具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后。如:
She
will
appear
after
five
o'clock
this
afternoon.
The
rain
began
to
fall
after
seven.
3.from,since,for
(1)from后接具体时间,说明从什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久。如:
I
hope
to
do
morning
exercises
from
today.
(2)since后接具体过去时间,表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。如:
We
have
not
seen
each
other
since
2010.
(3)for后接一段时间,通常与完成时连用。如:
I
have
been
in
the
army
for
5
years.
知识点二、表示地点方位的介词
1.at,in,on,to
(1)at表示在小地方或“在……附近;在……旁边”。如:
He
arrived
at
the
station
at
ten.
He
is
sitting
at
the
desk.
(2)in表示在大地方或“在……范围之内”。如:
He
arrived
in
Shanghai
yesterday.
Shandong
lies
in
the
east
of
China.
(3)on表示毗邻或接壤。如:
Russia
lies
on
the
north
of
China.
(4)to表示“在……范围外”,不强调是否接壤。如:
Japan
is
to
the
east
of
China.
2.above,over,on
(1)above意为“在……上方”,只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直,与below相对。如:
The
bird
is
flying
above
my
head.
(2)over意为“在……之上”,表示垂直高于,与under相对。over强调与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。如:
There
is
a
bridge
over
the
river.
(3)on意为“在……之上”,表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如:
He
put
his
watch
on
the
desk.
2.above,over,on
(1)above意为“在……上方”,只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直,与below相对。如:
The
bird
is
flying
above
my
head.
(2)over意为“在……之上”,表示垂直高于,与under相对。over强调与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。如:
There
is
a
bridge
over
the
river.
(3)on意为“在……之上”,表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如:
He
put
his
watch
on
the
desk.
知识点三、表示运动方向的介词
1.across,over,through
(1)across表示从物体表面穿过,与on有关。如:
across
the
playground/square/desert/river
(2)over表示动作是在空中进行的。如:
He
jumped
over
the
wall.
(3)through表示从物体里面穿过,与in有关。也可表示时间,指“(从开始到结束)经历了……”。如:
through
the
pipe/forest/door
We
work
hard
all
through
the
year.
2.in,into
(1)in通常表示静态,意为“在……里面”。如:
We
walked
in
the
park.
我们在公园里走着。
(2)into通常表示动态,意为“进入到……里面”。如:
We
walked
into
the
park.
我们走进了公园。
知识点四、表示原因的介词
1.for表示原因时,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用。如:
I
am
sorry
for
what
I
said
to
you.
2.at表示引起某种情感变化的原因,常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用,意为“因听到或看到……而……”。如:
He
was
surprised
at
the
news.
3.from常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因,如受伤、车祸等。如:
He
died
from
the
wound.
4.of多用于表示自身或内在的原因,如病、饿等。如:
The
old
man
died
of
hunger.
5.with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。如:
Hearing
the
news,
he
jumped
with
joy.
He
was
shaking
with
anger.
6.by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如:
She
took
your
umbrella
by
mistake.
她错拿了你的雨伞。
7.over一般用于cry,weep,laugh等带有感彩的动词后,表示所发生的事情的原因。如:
She
wept
over
the
death
of
her
daughter.
We
laughed
over
the
victory.
8.because
of表示引起结果的直接原因。如:
He
retired
last
month
because
of
his
illness.
9.thanks
to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏……,多亏……”。如:
Thanks
to
John,
we
won
the
game.
知识点五、表示计量的介词
1.at表示“以……速度;以……价格”。如:
It
flies
at
about
900
kilometers
an
hour.
I
sold
my
car
at
a
high
price.
2.for表示“用……交换;以……为代价”。如:
He
sold
his
car
for
500
dollars.
注意:at表示单价,for表示总钱数。
3.by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。如:
They
paid
him
by
the
month.
注意:by后接具体度量单位要加the。
知识点六、表示工具或手段的介词
1.by意为“用某种方式”,后面的名词不带冠词。如:
I
went
there
by
bus.
2.with表示“用某种工具”,后面的名词需带冠词。如:
He
broke
the
window
with
a
stone.
3.in表示“用”时,后面的宾语不带冠词,且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等。如:
I
hate
letters
written
in
pencil.
We
will
never
forget
this
historical
lesson
written
in
blood.
4.on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。如:
They
talked
on
the
telephone.
She
learns
English
on
the
radio/on
TV.
知识点七、表示“在……之间”的介词
1.between表示在两者之间。如:
You
are
to
sit
between
your
father
and
me.
2.among表示在三者或三者以上之间。如:
He
is
always
happy
among
his
classmates.
3.有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,但强调多者中的两两关系时用between。如:
Switzerland
lies
between
France,
Italy,
Austria
and
Germany.
Pay
attention
to
the
relationship
between
the
sentences
in
your
composition.
知识点八、表示“除了”的介词
1.besides表示“除……之外,还有……”。如:
We
all
went
to
see
the
film
besides
you.
除你之外我们也都去看电影了。
2.except表示“除……外,把……除去”。如:
We
all
went
to
see
the
film
except
you.
除你之外我们都去看电影了。
3.but与except同义,但多用于不定代词no
one/nobody/nothing/everything/all和副词nowhere/anywhere以及疑问代词who之后。如:
I
never
saw
him
reading
anything
but
the
newspaper.
4.except
for表示“如无……就……,只是……”,多表明理由细节。如:
His
diary
is
good
except
for
a
few
spelling
mistakes.
5.except
that表示“除……外,把……除去”,后面接句子。如:
I
know
nothing
about
him
except
that
he
is
from
Beijing.
6.apart
from在不同的上下文中,既有besides的含义,又有except和except
for的含义,要根据上下文来判别。如:
Apart
from/Besides
English,he
has
a
good
command
of
Russian
and
French.
He
has
no
interests,apart
from/except
his
work.
It's
a
good
paper,apart
from/except
for
a
few
spelling
mistakes.
知识点九、介词与某些词类的习惯搭配
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。
1.名词词组:如on
the
contrary相反;in
turn依次;in
one's
opinion根据某人的看法;on
time准时;out
of
reach够不着
2.动词词组:如remind
sb.
of
sth.提醒某人某事;rob
sb.
of
sth.抢劫某人的……;result
from由……引起;call
at访问(某地)
3.形容词词组:如be
curious
about对……好奇;be
proud
of因……而自豪;be
popular
with受到……的欢迎
4.介词短语:如apart
from除……之外;in
addition
to除……之外(还);because
of因为;instead
of代替;in
fear
of为……提心吊胆;for
fear
of以免;in
case
of防备,万一;thanks
to由于;in
the
middle
of在……中间according
to根据;in
front
of在……前面;in
return
for作为对……的回报;in
charge
of负责;as
a
result
of作为……的结果;in
exchange
for与……交换等。
知识点十:both,all,either,each,every,neither,none的用法
1.both,either,neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”;either意为“两者中的任何一个”;neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如:
Both
the
boys
are
clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。
Either
of
the
two
boys
is
clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Neither
of
the
two
boys
is
clever.两个男孩都不聪明。
2.all,none,each,every用于多者。all意为“全部都”,指可数的东西时为复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;none意为“全都不,任何一个都不”,指可数的东西时可为单数或复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;each和every意为“每一个”,为单数,两者都能作定语用,但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。
All
of
the
students
are
there.
All
(of)
the
milk
is
there.
Every
student
in
our
school
works
hard.
我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each
student
may
have
an
e?dictionary./Each
of
the
students
has
an
e?dictionary./The
students
each
have
an
e?dictionary.
每个学生都可有一本电子词典。
知识点十一:some和any的用法
1.表示“一些”时,some常用于肯定句;any常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如:
If
you
have
any
questions,
please
ask
me.
2.在疑问句中可用some,表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如:
Would
you
like
some
coffee?
3.some可接单数名词表示“某一个”;any可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。如:
I
remember
having
read
this
article
in
some
magazine.
Here
are
three
novels.You
may
read
any.
知识点十二:复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,no,every加上?body,?one,?thing构成的不定代词,叫复合不定代词。
1.some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句,意为“某人或某物,重要的人或事”。如:
Somebody
is
waiting
outside.
I
have
something
for
you.
She
thinks
she's
something
since
she
won
the
prize.
获奖之后,她觉得自己了不起了。
2.any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,意为“随便某个人或物,无论什么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。如:
Does
anybody
else
want
to
go?
There
isn't
anything
in
the
box.
If
anyone
wants
to
go
on
the
trip,
register
here
please!
有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如:
Anybody
can
work
out
that
simple
maths
problem.
You
can
take
anything
you
like.
3.no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如:
I
know
nothing
about
it.
There
is
nobody
here.
4.every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物,每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如:
Everybody
enjoyed
themselves
on
vacation.
She
does
everything
to
help
her
mother.
Her
son
is
everything
to
her.
对她来说儿子就是一切。
知识点十三:the
other,other,another,others,the
others的区别
the
other/
other
the
other可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义
another
可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式,表示“另外的……(多少)”
others/
the
others
others只能单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the
others
He
is
willing
to
help
others/other
people.
Twenty
of
the
students
in
our
class
have
been
to
Beijing.
The
other
students/The
others
have
not.
Some
of
us
like
football,
and
others
are
fond
of
basketball.
We
need
another
five
chairs/five
more
chairs.
知识点十四:none,no
one,nobody,nothing的区别
none
既可指人,也可指物;侧重数量,通常指三者或三者以上的人或物;后可接of短语;作主语时谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;常用来回答由how
many/much引导的疑问句
—How
much
money
do
you
have?
—None.
no
one/
nobody
只能指人;是泛指概念,常用来回答由who引导的疑问句;不与of短语连用;作主语时,谓语动词用单数
—Who
is
in
the
room?
—Nobody./No
one.
nothing
只能指物,且表泛指概念;常用来回答由what引导的疑问句
—What
are
you
doing
now?
—Nothing.
知识点十五:替代词的用法和区别
it
替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物
—Have
you
found
your
pen?
—No,
I
haven't
found
it.
one/ones
one用来替代前面出现的单数名词,是泛指概念,相当于a/an+单数名词。其复数形式为ones
I
think
this
book
is
better
than
the
one
I
read
last
time.
These
shoes
are
not
good
enough.
Show
me
some
better
ones.
that/
those
that用来替代前面出现的同类的名词,是同类替代,但并非同一个,可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the
one。其复数形式为those,相当于the
ones
The
weather
in
Beijing
is
much
colder
than
that
in
Nanjing
in
winter.
知识点十六:it的用法
1.it可用于无人称句,表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如:
It
is
getting
warmer
and
warmer.
It
was
already
ten
o'clock
when
he
arrived
home.
It's
ten
minutes'
walk
from
here
to
our
school.
It's
very
quiet
at
the
moment.
2.it可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如:
It's
important
for
us
to
learn
a
second
language.
We
must
make
it
clear
that
anyone
who
breaks
the
law
will
be
punished.
3.熟记下列有关it的固定句型
make
it;get
it;keep
it
up;see
to
it
that;put
it
高频考点一、考查介词辨析
例1.【2018·北京】—Good
morning,
Mr.
Lee’s
office.
—Good
morning.
I’d
like
to
make
an
appointment
_________
next
Wednesday
afternoon.
A.
for
B.
on
C.
in
D.
at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意:——早上好,Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和Mr.
Lee见面)。make
an
appointment
for意为“为……预约”,是固定搭配,故A选项正确。
【变式探究】(2017·北京)Many
people
who
live
along
the
coast
make
a
living
_______
fishing
industry.
A.
at
B.
in
C.
on
D.
by
【答案】B
【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生,此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里,在这个行业里谋生,用in,故选B。
【变式探究】I
hate
it
when
she
calls
me
at
work—I'm
always
too
busy
to
carry
________
a
conversation
with
her.
【答案】on
【解析】句意:我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话——我总是太忙,不能和她进行会话。carry
on“继续进行,从事”,符合句意。
【变式探究】Last
year
was
the
warmest
year
on
record,
with
global
temperature
0.68
℃____
the
average.
A.
below
B.
on
C.
at
D.
above
【答案】D
【解析】句意:去年是有纪录以来最热的一年,全球平均气温上升0.68度。With
的宾语global
temperature
,宾语补足above
the
average。
高频考点二、考查介词短语辨析
例2.
(2019·江苏卷)Favorable
policies
are
________
to
encourage
employees’
professional
development.
A.in
effect
B.in
command
C.in
turn
D.in
shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:有利的政策正在有效地鼓励员工的职业发展。in
effect“有效”。
【举一反三】【2018·江苏】
China’s
soft?power?grows?_______
the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding
of
China
globally.
A.
in
line
with
B.
in
reply
to
C.
in
return
for
D.
in
honour
of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A.
in
line
with按照;与...一致;B.
in
reply
to答复;C.
in
return
for作为
...
的报酬;D.
in
honour
of为纪念。故选A。
【变式探究】These
comments
came
specific
questions
often
asked
by
local
newsmen.
A.
in
memory
of
B.
in
response
to
C.
in
touch
with
D.
in
possession
of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A.
in
memory
of
意为纪念,
B.
in
response
to意为回应,C.
in
touch
with意为联系,D.
in
possession
of意为拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B.
in
response
to回应。
高频考点三、考查介词或介词短语的用法
例3、(2019·天津卷)________
all
the
problems,
several
of
the
players
produced
excellent
performances.
A.According
to
B.Instead
of
C.In
addition
to
D.In
spite
of
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:尽管存在各种问题,但是其中的一些选手还是表现出色。A项意为“根据”;B项意为“代替”;C项意为“除……以外”;D项意为“尽管”。结合句意可知,应选D。
【举一反三】【2018·天津】Bob
thought
he
couldn't
go
to
the
party
because
he
had
to
write
a
report,
but
he
went
___________.
A.
at
first
B.
after
all
C.
above
all
D.
at
random
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意:鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会,因为他不得不写一份报告,但他终究去了。A.
at
first起初;B.
after
all毕竟,终究。C.
above
all首先;D.
at
random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知,与前面情况相反,故选B。
【变式探究】(2017·江苏)Determining
where
we
are
____________
our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
survival.
A.
in
contrast
to
B.
in
defense
of
C.
in
face
of
D.
in
relation
to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。A.
in
contrast
to对比,截然不同;B.
in
defense
of为……辩护;C.
in
face
of面对;D.
in
relation
to与……有关。故选D。
【变式探究】That
young
man
is
honest
,
cooperative
,
always
there
when
you
need
his
help
.______,
he's
reliable.
A.
Or
else
B.
In
short
C.
By
the
way
D.
For
one
thing
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这个年轻人是诚实的,有合作精神的,当你需要他的帮助的时候,总是在那里。简言之,他是可靠的。A.否则;B.简言之;C.顺便说一下;D.首先。故选B。
高频考点四
all,
both,
any,
either,
neither,
none的辨析
例4.It's
an
either?or
situation
—
we
can
buy
a
new
car
this
year
or
we
can
go
on
holiday
but
we
can't
do
________.
A.others
B.either
C.another
D.both
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这是一种二选一的情况,我们今年要么买一辆新车,要么去度假,但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定,应用not
...
both,故选D。
【变式探究】I've
lived
in
New
York
and
Chicago,
but
don't
like
________
of
them
very
much.
A.either
B.any
C.each
D.another
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我在纽约和芝加哥住过,但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。题干中提到“芝加哥”和“纽约”两个城市,根据转折词but可知,后面的意思应为“两个都不喜欢”,所以选A。
【变式探究】Although
Rosemary
had
suffered
from
a
serious
illness
for
years,
she
lost
________
of
her
enthusiasm
for
life.
A.some
B.neither
C.none
D.all
【答案】C
【解析】句意:虽然罗斯玛丽多年身患重病,但是她一点也没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可知,此处表示“一点儿也不,一点儿也没有”,所以应用none。
高频考点五
another,
the
other,
(the)
others,
the
rest的辨析
例5.Recycling
is
one
way
to
protect
the
environment;
reusing
is
________.
A.another
B.the
other
C.one
another
D.one
【答案】A
【解析】句意:回收是保护环境的一种方法;而重复使用是另一种。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”;the
other表示“(两者中的)另一个”;one
another“相互”;one“一”。
【变式探究】To
her
joy,
Della
earned
first
the
trust
of
her
students
and
then
________
of
her
colleagues.
A.that
B.one
C.ones
D.those
【答案】A
【解析】句意:使黛拉高兴的是,她首先赢得了她的学生的信任,然后又获得了同事的信任。空后面的of
her
colleagues与前面的of
her
students是同样的结构,因此此空应该选择that来替代the
trust,以避免重复。
高频考点六
it,
one,
ones,
the
one(s),
that和those的辨析
例6.
(2019·天津卷)A
study
shows
the
students
who
are
engaged
in
after?school
activities
are
happier
than
________
who
are
not.
A.ones
B.those
C.these
D.them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课后活动的学生比不参加课后活动的学生更快乐。本句中为了避免重复,需用those代替the
students。故选B。
【举一反三】The
traffic
on
the
main
streets
has
a
longer
green
signal
than
________
on
the
small
ones.
A.one
B.this
C.that
D.it
【答案】C
【解析】句意:大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯亮得时间更长。that在此处替代前面提到的traffic,以避免重复。one泛指可数名词单数;this通常指代下文要提到的事情;it指代上文出现的同一事物。
【变式探究】At
our
factory
there
are
a
few
machines
similar
to
________
described
in
this
magazine.
A.them
B.these
C.those
D.ones
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。空格处应用those表特指,替代前面出现的复数可数名词machines。注意题干中machines后有限制语described
in
this
magazine,故不能用表泛指的ones,若选ones,则应在其前加上the。
【变式探究】Half
of
________
surveyed
in
16
countries
say
they
go
first
to
their
closest
friend
to
share
their
deepest
wishes
and
darkest
fears.
A.these
B.some
C.ones
D.those
【答案】D
【解析】句意:来自16个国家的受访人当中有一半人说,在他们有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候,他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。所以这里用those来指代前面提到的那些被调查的人。
高频考点七
复合不定代词的辨析
例7.
________
can
be
good
at
something
for
40
years
if
he
doesn't
love
it.
A.Anybody
B.Everybody
C.Nobody
D.Somebody
【答案】C
【解析】句意:没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好,除非他热爱它。根据句意可知,空处应用Nobody。
【变式探究】
This
project
requires
close
teamwork.
________
will
be
achieved
unless
we
work
well
together.
A.Nothing
B.Anything
C.Something
D.Everything
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这个项目需要密切的合作,除非我们通力合作,否则一事无成。根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语,故选A。
一、介词
1.【2019·江苏卷】27.Favorable
policies
are
___________
to
encourage
employees'
professional
development.
A.
in
effect
B.
in
command
C.
in
turn
D.
in
shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A.
in
effect实际上;B.
in
command指挥;C.
in
turn轮流,依次;D.
in
shape在外形上,处于良好的状态。故选A。
2.【2019·新课标I卷】Modem
methods
___63___
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive
to
perform
(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking
polar
bear
populations作Modern
methods的定语,用of
连接,“methods
of
doing
sth.”,意为“……的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
3.【2019·新课标III卷】We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
___63___
dogs,seven
to
be
exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。“a
pack
of”意为“一群”。故填of。
4.【2019·浙江卷】But
can
uniforms
help
improve
school
standards?
The
answer
___61___
this
question
is
not
clear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案不清楚。the
key/answer
to
...这是固定搭配,“……的答案是……”。故填to。
1.【2018·北京】—Good
morning,
Mr.
Lee’s
office.
—Good
morning.
I’d
like
to
make
an
appointment
_________
next
Wednesday
afternoon.
A.
for
B.
on
C.
in
D.
at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意:——早上好,Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和Mr.
Lee见面)。make
an
appointment
for意为“为……预约”,是固定搭配,故A选项正确。
2.【2018·江苏】China’s
soft?power?grows?_______
the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding
of
China
globally.
A.
in
line
with
B.
in
reply
to
C.
in
return
for
D.
in
honour
of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A.
in
line
with按照;与...一致;B.
in
reply
to答复;C.
in
return
for作为
...
的报酬;D.
in
honour
of为纪念。故选A。
3.【2018·天津】Bob
thought
he
couldn't
go
to
the
party
because
he
had
to
write
a
report,
but
he
went
___________.
A.
at
first
B.
after
all
C.
above
all
D.
at
random
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意:鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会,因为他不得不写一份报告,但他终究去了。A.
at
first起初;B.
after
all毕竟,终究。C.
above
all首先;D.
at
random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知,与前面情况相反,故选B。
1.(2017·江苏)Determining
where
we
are
____________
our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
survival.
A.
in
contrast
to
B.
in
defense
of
C.
in
face
of
D.
in
relation
to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。A.
in
contrast
to对比,截然不同;B.
in
defense
of为……辩护;C.
in
face
of面对;D.
in
relation
to与……有关。故选D。
2.(2017·北京)Many
people
who
live
along
the
coast
make
a
living
_______
fishing
industry.
A.
at
B.
in
C.
on
D.
by
【答案】B
【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生,此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里,在这个行业里谋生,用in,故选B。
3.(2017?天津)When
you
drive
through
the
Redwood
Forests
in
California,
you
will
be
_____
trees
that
are
over
1,000
years
old.
A.
among
B.
against
C.
behind
D.
below
【答案】A
【解析】
句意:当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时,你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。
be
among
位于之间;
be
against
反对;
be
behind
在后面;
be
below在之下。根据句意,故选A。
1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,64)But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
________
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid?1980s,when
I
was
the
first...
【答案】to 【解析】句意:但是我与熊猫之间的联系要追溯到20世纪80年代中期我在一档电视节目的时候,那是我第一次……。go
back
to“追溯到”,是固定短语。
2.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,44)Most
of
us
are
more
focused
________
our
tasks
in
the
morning
than
we
are
later
in
the
day.
【答案】on 【解析】句意:我们大多数人在早晨时对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。be
focused
on意为“集中于……”。
3.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,70)Chopsticks
are
not
used
everywhere
in
Asia.In
India,for
example,most
people
traditionally
eat
________
their
hands.
【答案】with 【解析】句意:筷子并非被亚洲的所有国家(的人民)使用。例如在印度,大部分的人习惯用手吃饭。with“用……”,符合句意。
4.(2016·四川,67)The
mother
continued
to
care
for
the
young
panda
________
more
than
two
years.
【答案】for 【解析】句意:这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。“for+一段时间”作时间状语,表示“持续了一段时间”。
5.(2016·浙江,16)In
this
article,you
need
to
back
up
general
statements
________
specific
examples.
【答案】with 【解析】句意:在这篇文章中,你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。根据句意及结构可知,这里用介词with表示“用……”。
6.(2016·天津,8)Mary
was
silent
during
the
early
part
of
the
discussion
but
finally
she
gave
voice
________
her
opinion
on
the
subject.
【答案】to 【解析】句意:在讨论刚开始时,玛丽一言不发,但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的观点。give
voice
to“表达,吐露,发泄”,符合句意。
二、代词
1.【2019·天津卷】3.A
study
shows
the
students
who
are
engaged
in
after-school
activities
are
happier
than
_________who
are
not.
A.
ones
B.
those
C.
these
D.
them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the
students是对应关系,可以用the
ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词,不能与the
students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
1.(2017江苏)In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of_____purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
A.which
B.it’s
C.whose
D.whom
【答案】C
【解析】关系代词whose引导定语从句并且在定语从句中作purpose的定语。which,whom在定语从句中不能作定语,it’s不能引导定语从句,故选C。
2.(2017·江苏卷)
In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
A.
which
B.
its
C.
whose
D.
whom
【答案】C
【解析】分析句子结构可知,one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation是定语从句,先行词是the
World
Food
Programme,关系词在定语从句中作定语,修饰名词purposes,所以用关系代词whose引导,故选C项。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。
3.
(2017·江苏卷)In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
A.
which
B.
its
C.
whose
D.
whom
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词the
World
Food
Programme在非限制性定语从句中作定语,修饰名词purposes,所以用关系代词whose引导,故选C项。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。
4.(2017·江苏)
In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of_____purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
A.which
B.it’s
C.whose
D.whom
【答案】C
【解析】关系代词whose引导定语从句并且在定语从句中作purpose的定语。which,
whom在定语从句中不能作定语,it’s不能引导定语从句,故选C。
1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,68)On
my
recent
visit,I
held
a
lively
three?month?old
twin
that
had
been
rejected
by
________(it)mother.
答案its 解析
句意:在我最近的一次参观中,可爱的三个月大的双胞胎中的一只被它的妈妈遗弃了。由后面的mother可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词its表示所属关系。
2.(2016·四川,68)By
that
time,the
panda
no
longer
needed
________(it)mother
for
food.
答案
its 解析
句意:到那时,这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰mother。
3.(2016·浙江,3)In
many
ways,the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
from
________
in
the
UK.
答案that 解析
句意:在很多方面,美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不一样。这里指代前面的名词education
system,所以用that。