2021年高考英语二轮复习学案名词性从句考点讲解含解析

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名称 2021年高考英语二轮复习学案名词性从句考点讲解含解析
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名词性从句
一、几种易混的从句的辨别
定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相似,下面提供一些区分的方法:
1.定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系;而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容的。that在定语从句中充当句子成分,可指物或人;而同位语从句中的that在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。请比较:
(1)The
news
(that/which)
he
told
us
was
exciting.
(定语从句,that/which在从句中作宾语,还可以被省略)
(2)The
news
that
our
team
has
won
is
exciting.
(同位语从句,that从句是说明news的内容的,that在从句中不作任何成分,但不能被省略)
辨析
判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法,即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词,如果句子意思成立,则是同位语从句,否则,则是定语从句。如上面第二句,加上be动词后:
The
news
is
that
our
team
has
won.句子意思成立,所以是同位语从句。而第一句,加上be动词后:
The
news
is
that
he
told
us.意思不成立,因此不是同位语从句。
【特别提醒】
一般情况下,同位语从句紧跟在它所说明的名词的后面,可是有的时候,为了表达的需要,名词与从句之间被另外一些内容分隔开了,叫做“分隔同位语从句”。对于这类同位语从句,一定要根据句意,找准它所说明的名词。
2.定语从句与状语从句
请看两组句子:
第一组:区分such...as...和such...that...
(1)The
new
storybook
is
written
in
such
easy
English
as
beginners
can
understand.
(2)The
new
storybook
is
written
in
such
easy
English
that
beginners
can
understand
it.
这两句话只有一词之差,但语法结构大相径庭:第一句是as引导的定语从句,as相当于that/which(但不能用that/which),在从句中作understand的宾语。第二句是结果状语从句,that在从句中不作成分。
结论:当从句缺少句子成分时,用such...as...;当从句不缺少句子成分时,用such...that...。
第二组:选用in
which,
where填空
(1)He
left
the
key
______
he
had
been
an
hour
before.
(2)He
left
the
place
______
he
lived
for
many
years.
分析:第一句只能填where,
where引导的是地点状语从句,修饰主句中的谓语动词。此处where不可换成in
which,因为in
which只能引导定语从句,本句中根本就没有先行词(后面的从句不是修饰key的)。
第二句填where或in
which。根据句意可知,后面的句子是对名词place的修饰,因此此句是定语从句。
二、that与what的区别
that引导名词性从句,在从句中不作任何成分,that本身无意义,只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等,what表示“……的东西或事情”。请比较:
What
I
need
is
more
time.(what引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语)
That
I
need
more
time
to
do
the
work
is
very
clear.(that引导主语从句,在从句中不作任何成分)
The
village
is
no
longer
what
it
used
to
be.(what引导表语从句,在从句中作表语)
I
had
no
idea
what
we
should
do
next.(what引导同位语从句,在从句中作宾语)
He
will
tell
us
what
he
saw
in
London.(what引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语)
精析
名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是:分析句子结构,看从句是否缺少句子成分。如果不缺成分,就用that,如果缺少句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等),且表示“……的东西或事情”就用what。
三、who,
whoever与no
matter
who的区别
引导名词性从句,在句中作主语时用who,意思是“谁”,含有疑问意味,whoever意为“无论谁”,不含有疑问意味。whoever在引导名词性从句时,相当于anyone
who,其中who引导一个定语从句紧随其后。
另外,whoever还可以引导让步状语从句,这时whoever相当于no
matter
who,但是no
matter
who只能引导让步状语从句。请比较:
1.Who
has
taken
away
my
bag
is
unknown.
谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用whoever显然句意不通)
2.Whoever
breaks
the
law
will
be
punished.
无论谁违反法律都要受到惩罚。(whoever表达的语气强烈)
3.I'm
not
going
to
let
you
in,
no
matter
who
you
are.
=I'm
not
going
to
let
you
in,
whoever
you
are.
(根据句意“我不会让你进去的,不管你是谁”,后面是一个让步状语从句,故用no
matter
who或者whoever)
【特别提醒】
wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时,whoever=anyone
who;
whomever=any?one
whom;
whatever=anything
that;
whichever=anything/anyone
that;
whosever=any
one
whose。
Whichever
he
likes
will
be
given
to
him.=Anything
that
he
likes
will
be
given
to
him.
无论他想要哪个都可以给他。
You
should
give
the
book
back
to
whosever
name(=anyone
whose
name)
is
on
the
cover
of
it.
你该把书还给任何一个他的名字在封面上的人。
【方法技巧】
做题时,具体思路如下:①通读全句,首先考虑是不是某种句型,如强调句型;②题干句若是疑问句,首先把它恢复为正常语序;③观察设空的前前后后,确定相关从句的性质;④确定从句性质后,回忆相关从句的用法特点,从而作出取舍;⑤注意标点符号和并列连词(and,
but)的作用;⑥将选项代入句子,看前后是否语意贯通。
高频考点一、考查宾语、表语从句
例1.
(2018·天津卷)The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
to
________
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
A.whomever
B.wherever
C.whoever
D.whatever
【答案】C 
【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:金牌将会被颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何选手。本空需要连接词引导宾语从句,连接词在从句中作主语,指人,同时根据句意可知,应用whoever“……的任何人,无论谁”引导这个宾语从句。
【变式探究】(2017·江苏)
We
choose
this
hotel
because
the
price
for
a
night
here
is
down
to
$20,
half
of
____________
it
used
to
charge.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
what
D.
how
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。"half
of
_________
it
used
to
charge"是$20的同位语,即原来价格的一半是现在的$20;另外,of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语,所以,这里是宾语从句;宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语,所以用what来引导宾语从句,并充当宾语从句的宾语,故选C。
【感悟提升】
1.what引导名词性从句的五种用法:
(1)表示“……的东西或事情”:
They’ve
done
what
they
can
to
help
her.
他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He
saves
what
he
earns.
他赚多少,积蓄多少。
(2)表示“……的人或的样子”:
He
is
no
longer
what
he
was.
他已经不是以前的那个样子了。
Who
is
it
that
has
made
Fred
what
he
is
now?
是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的?
(3)表示“……的数量或数目”:
Our
income
is
now
double
what
it
was
ten
years
ago.
我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The
number
of
the
students
in
our
school
is
ten
times
what
it
was
before
liberation.
现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
(4)表示“……时间”:
After
what
seemed
like
hours
he
came
out
with
a
bitter
smile.
似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The
young
girl
was
too
frightened
to
speak,standing
there
for
what
seemed
like
hours.
小女孩吓得不敢说话,大概在那儿站了几个小时。
(5)表示“……的地方”:
This
is
what
they
call
Salt
Lake
City.
这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In
1492,Columbus
reached
what
is
now
called
America.1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
2.what
与that引导名词性从句时的区别:两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语从句。that
可引导同位语从句,但
what
通常不用于引导同位语从句;what
可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语,意为“什么”或“所……的”,而
that
仅起连接作用,本身没有实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分(引导宾语从句时通常可以省略,如果有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句,第一个从句的引导词that可以省略,其余的不能省略)。
He
doesn’t
know
what
she
likes.
他不知道她喜欢什么。
I
believe
(that)
he
will
come
to
see
us.
我相信他会来看我们的。
I
had
no
idea
that
you
were
here.
我不知道你在这儿。
【变式探究】The
most
pleasant
thing
of
the
rainy
season
is
________
one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
whether
D.
why
【答案】B
【解析】句意:雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语,即表语从句,表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语,因此用that,that只起引导作用,故选B。
【变式探究】You
have
to
know
you're
going
if
you
are
to
plan
the
best
way
of
getting
there.
【解析】句意:如果你要计划到达某地的最佳路线,你必须首先知道你想要去哪?where引导宾语从句,在从句中用作地点状语。
【答案】where
高频考点二、考查主语从句
例2.【2018·天津】The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
___________to
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
A.
whomever
B.
wherever
C.
whoever
D.
whatever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。
【变式探究】Your
support
is
important
to
our
work.
________
you
can
do
helps.
A.
However
B.
Whoever
C.
Whatever
D.
Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语,“________
you
can
do”是主语部分,即主语从句,在主语从句中,do后缺少宾语,表示“任何事情”,因此用whatever引导,故选C。
【变式探究】I
truly
believe
______beauty
comes
from
within.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
what
D.
why
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我很相信美丽源自于内心!
本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分,因此用that起到连接作用,也可以省略。从句部分不缺少任何成分,因此用that起到连接作用,也可以省略。故选A。
高频考点三、考查同位语从句
例3.
(2019·江苏卷)Scientists
have
obtained
more
evidence
________
plastic
is
finding
its
way
into
the
human
body.
A.what
B.that
C.which
D.where
【答案】B 
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多的证据,这些证据表明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是evidence的同位语从句,且从句中不缺少成分,故用连接词that。
【举一反三】The
manager
put
forward
a
suggestion
____
we
should
have
an
assistant.
There
is
too
much
work
to
do.
A.
whether
B.
that
C.
which
D.
what
【答案】B
【解析】句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容,而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导,that不作成分,只是起着连接的作用。故选B。
【变式探究】After
investigation,the
police
found
out
one
clue
________
voices
were
heard
calling
for
help
from
some
very
distant
place
that
day.(2016·南京、盐城高三一模,26)
A.where
B.when
C.that
D.whose
【答案】C
【解析】句意为:在调查之后,警察发现了一条线索,那天有人听到远处某个地方传来了呼救声。设空处引导同位语从句,从句意义、结构完整,应用that引导,补充说明one
clue的具体内容。
【感悟提升】
1.判断是同位语从句还是定语从句可以用“加词”的方法,即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词,如果句子意思成立,则是同位语从句,否则,则是定语从句。
The
notice
that
the
meeting
had
to
be
put
off
was
true.(同位语从句)
会议不得不推迟的通知是真的。
→The
notice
was
that
the
meeting
had
to
be
put
off.
The
notice
that
he
read
just
now
was
true.(定语从句)
他刚才读的那则通知是真的。
2.在某些名词后的同位语从句中,其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式:(should+)动词原形。常见的名词有demand,request,advice,suggestion,order,plan,proposal等。
The
suggestion
that
a
new
bridge
(should)
be
built
was
accepted.
在这里修建一座新桥的建议被采纳了。
【变式探究】—Is
it
true
that
Mike
refused
an
offer
from
Yale
University
yesterday?
—Yeah,
but
I
have
no
idea
________
he
did
it;
that's
one
of
his
favorite
universities.
【答案】why 
【解析】本题考查同位语从句的引导词。句意:“昨天迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取,这是真的吗?”“是的,但是我不知道他为什么这样做;那是他最喜欢的大学之一。”idea后接同位语从句,表示某个想法的具体内容。根据that's
one
of
his
favorite
universities(那是他最喜欢的大学之一)可知,“我”不知道他拒绝耶鲁大学的原因(why)。
1.
(2019·江苏卷)Scientists
have
obtained
more
evidence
________
plastic
is
finding
its
way
into
the
human
body.
A.what
B.that
C.which
D.where
【答案】B 
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多的证据,这些证据表明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是evidence的同位语从句,且从句中不缺少成分,故用连接词that。
1.【2018·江苏】By
boat
is
the
only
way
to
get
here,
which
is
_______
we
arrived.
A.
where
B.
when
C.
why
D.
how
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句,这里用连接副词how引导表语从句,充当方式状语,表示“如何”。故选D。
2.【2018·天津】The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
___________to
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
A.
whomever
B.
wherever
C.
whoever
D.
whatever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。
3.【2018·北京】
Without
his
support,
we
wouldn’t
be
_________
we
are
now.
A.
how
B.
when
C.
where
D.
why
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_________
we
are
now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
4.【2018·北京】This
is
_________
my
father
has
taught
me—to
always
face
difficulties
and
hope
for
the
best.
A.
how
B.
which
C.
that
D.
what
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难,抱最大的希望。“_________
my
father
has
taught
me”是表语从句,该空在从句中做teach的宾语,且表示“父亲教我的道理”,故该从句应用what引导。D选项正确。引导名词性从句时,how表方式,意为“如何”;which意为“哪一个”,that在只起引导从句的作用,不做成分。
1.(2017·江苏)
We
choose
this
hotel
because
the
price
for
a
night
here
is
down
to
$20,
half
of
____________
it
used
to
charge.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
what
D.
how
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。"half
of
_________
it
used
to
charge"是$20的同位语,即原来价格的一半是现在的$20;另外,of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语,所以,这里是宾语从句;宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语,所以用what来引导宾语从句,并充当宾语从句的宾语,故选C。
2.(2017·江苏卷)He
hurried
home,
never
once
looking
back
to
see
if
he
__________.
A.
was
being
followed
B.
was
following
C.
had
been
followed
D.
followed
【答案】A
【解析】分析句子成分可知,he和follow是被动关系,即他被别人跟踪,排除B、D;根据句意"在匆忙赶回家的路上,他从未回头看是否正被跟踪",故用过去进行时最合适,故选A。
3.(2017江苏)He
hurried
home,
never
once
looking
back
to
see
if
he
____________.
A.
was
being
followed
B.
was
following
C.
had
been
followed
D.
followed
【答案】A
【解析】根据句子成分可知,He和follow是被动关系,排除B、D。根据句意:在匆忙赶回家的路上,他从未回头看是否被跟踪,用过去进行时最合适,答案选A。
【2016·北京】Your
support
is
important
to
our
work.
________
you
can
do
helps.
A.
However
B.
Whoever
C.
Whatever
D.
Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语,“________
you
can
do”是主语部分,即主语从句,在主语从句中,do后缺少宾语,表示“任何事情”,因此用whatever引导,故选C。
【2016·北京】The
most
pleasant
thing
of
the
rainy
season
is
________
one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
whether
D.
why
【答案】B
【解析】句意:雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语,即表语从句,表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语,因此用that,that只起引导作用,故选B。
【2016·江苏】21.It
is
often
the
case
______anything
is
possible
for
those
who
hang
on
to
hope.
A.
why
B.
what
C.
as
D.
that
【答案】D
【解析】句意:通常对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。此句中It为形式主语,that从句为真正的主语。故D项正确。
【2016·天津】11.
The
manager
put
forward
a
suggestion
____
we
should
have
an
assistant.
There
is
too
much
work
to
do.
A.
whether
B.
that
C.
which
D.
what
【答案】B
【解析】句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容,而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导,that不作成分,只是起着连接的作用。故选B。