2021年高考英语二轮复习学案：特殊句式考点讲解含解析

特殊句式
知识点一
、倒装句
(一)完全倒装(Full
Inversion)
谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有：
1．表示方式、方位的副词或介词短语，如here,
there,
up,
down,
in,
away,
off,
out,
in
the
room,
on
the
wall等，置于句首，且主语是名词时。如：
In
a
lecture
hall
of
a
university
in
England
sits
a
professor.
在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。
South
of
the
river
lies
a
small
factory.
一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。
Out
rushed
the
children.
孩子们冲了出去。
2．such置于句首时。如：
Such
was
Albert
Einstein,
a
simple
man
and
the
20th
century's
greatest
scientist.
这就是艾伯特·爱因斯坦，一个朴实的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。
(二)部分倒装(Partial
Inversion)
只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种：
1．only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。如：
Only
in
this
way
can
we
learn
English
well.
只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。
Only
when
he
returned
did
we
find
out
the
truth.
只有当他回来时，我们才查明了真相。
使用特点：
(1)在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：
(×)Only
after
the
war
learned
he
the
sad
news.
(√)Only
after
the
war
did
he
learn
the
sad
news.
只是在战后他才知道那个悲惨的消息。
(2)only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：
(×)Only
when
did
he
return
did
we
find
out
the
truth.
(√)Only
when
he
returned
did
we
find
out
the
truth.
只有当他回来的时候，我们才查明了真相。
(3)only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：
(×)Only
can
he
answer
the
question.
(√)Only
he
can
answer
the
question.
只有他能回答这个问题。
2．否定副词never,
nor,
not,
hardly,
little,
seldom,
scarcely,
rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at
no
time,
under/in
no
circumstances,
in
no
case,
by
no
means,
on
no
condition等置于句首时。如：
Never
before
have
I
seen
such
a
moving
film.＝I
have
never
seen
such
a
moving
film
before.
以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。
Not
a
single
mistake
did
he
make.＝He
didn't
make
a
single
mistake.
他一个错也没犯。
3．七个重要的固定句型：
(1)．..so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语“……也是如此”。如：
They
love
having
lots
of
friends;
so
do
those
with
disabilities.
他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些有残疾的人也是如此。
【警示】
如果句意不是“……也是如此”，而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附加(此时的so＝indeed)，那么，句子不可使用倒装形式。试比较：
A：I
was
afraid.
(句中的I指是说话者A)
B：So
was
I.
(I指的是B，此句意为：I
was
afraid,
too.)
A：我害怕。
B：我也是。
A：I
was
afraid.
(I指的是A)
B：So
you
were.
(you指的也是A。此句意为：Indeed
you
were
afraid.)
A：我害怕。
B：你就是这样。
(2)．..neither(或nor)＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语“……也不这样”。如：
Lily
can't
ride;
neither
(或nor)
can
Lucy.
莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。
此句型中的neither(或nor)不可用so...not替代，但可用not...either改写。如：
(×)I
have
never
been
abroad.
So
hasn't
he.
(√)I
have
never
been
abroad.
Neither/Nor
has
he.
(√)I
have
never
been
abroad.
He
has
never/not
been
abroad,
either.
我没出过国，他也没有。
(3)So＋adj./adv....that.../Such＋adj.＋n....＋that...“如此……以至于……”。如：
So
clearly
does
he
speak
English
that
he
can
always
make
himself
understood.
他说英语如此清晰以至于别人都听得懂。
【警示】
在这个句型中，so/such引导的句子要倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装。
(4)Neither...，nor...“……不……，……也不……”。如：
Neither
do
I
know
it,
nor
do
I
care
about
it.
我不知道，也不关心。
【警示】
由于neither和nor都是否定词，所以其后面的分句均需倒装。
(5)Not
only...，but
also...“不仅……而且……”。如：
Not
only
will
help
be
given
to
people
to
find
jobs,
but
also
medical
treatment
will
be
provided
for
people
who
need
it.
不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。
【警示】
此句型也可写成Not
only...but...或Not
only...but...as
well的形式，但but
(also)引导的句子必须用正常语序。
(6)Not
until...“直到……才……”。如：
Not
until
he
returned
did
we
have
supper.
直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。
【警示】
①这句话可以改写成：We
didn't
have
supper
until
he
returned.再如：
Not
until
4?00
in
the
morning
can
he
fall
asleep.
＝He
can't
fall
asleep
until
4?00
in
the
morning.
直到凌晨4点他才睡着。
②如果not
until引导的是句子，until从句不可倒装，只是主句需要倒装。
(7)hardly...when...，no
sooner...than...“刚……就……”等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。
Hardly/Scarcely
had
he
heard
the
news
when
he
began
to
cry.
他一听到这个消息就哭了。
(三)形式倒装(Formal
Inversion)
形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。这样的结构较多，但尤其要注意as,
though引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况。
1．表语的倒装
Tired
as/though
he
was,
he
still
went
on
with
his
work.
尽管他很累，他还是继续工作。
2．谓语动词的倒装
Try
as
he
might，he
didn't
pass
the
exam.
尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。
3．状语的倒装
Much
as
he
likes
the
bike,
he
doesn't
want
to
buy
it.
他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。
【警示】
如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。如：
Child
as
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot.
尽管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。
Youngest
as
he
is
in
our
class,
he
speaks
English
the
best.
他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但英语说得最好。
知识点二、强调
It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余成分
(一)强调人时可用who/that来连接，强调事物时用that来连接。
被强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。如：
It
is
I
who/that
am
right.
我才是对的。(强调主语)
(二)强调句的特殊句式
强调句的特殊句式
结构构成
一般疑问句
Is/Was
it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词＋is/was
it＋that＋句子其他部分？
not
until句式
It
is/was
not
until...＋that＋句子其他部分
not...but...句式
It
is
not...＋that...，but.../It
is
not...but...that...
Was
it
in
1939
that
the
Second
World
War
broke
out?
第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
When
was
it
that
you
called
me
yesterday?
你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？
What
is
it
that
you
want
me
to
do?
你要我做什么？
I
didn't
realize
she
was
a
famous
film
star
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses.
→It
was
not
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses
that
I
realized
she
was
a
famous
film
star.
直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。
(三)用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。
Do
be
careful
while
crossing
the
street.
过马路时一定要当心。
知识点三、省略
(一)定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,
which,
whom常可以省略。
(二)状语从句中的省略现象
1．当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
Once
(he
was)
a
teacher,
he
now
works
in
a
government
office.
While
(I
was)
walking
along
the
street,
I
heard
my
name
called.
当我正在沿着大街走时，我听见有人叫我的名字。
The
exhibition
is
more
interesting
than
(it
was)
expected.
展览比预料的更有趣。
He
opened
his
lips
as
if
(he
were)
to
speak.
他张了张嘴好像有话要说。
2．当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if,
unless,
when,
whenever)＋形容词。如：
Unless
(it
is)
necessary,
you'd
better
not
refer
to
the
dictionary.
如果没必要，你最好别查词典。
另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可有“if＋so/not”省略句式：If
so和If
not。
He
may
not
be
at
home
then.
If
so
(If
he
is
not
at
home),
leave
him
a
note.
他那时也许不在家。如果不在家的话，给他留下个便条。
(三)不定式的省略
1．单独使用不定式符号to，代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be
afraid,
expect,
forget,
hope,
intend,
like,
love,
mean,
prefer,
refuse,
seem,
try,
want,
wish等后边。如：
I
asked
him
to
see
the
film,
but
he
didn't
want
to.
2．否定形式的省略用not
to。
—Shall
I
go
instead
of
him?
—I
prefer
you
not
to.
——我可以代替他去吗？
——我宁可你不去。
3．如果不定式中含有be，have，have
been，通常保留be，have和have
been。如：
—Are
you
a
sailor?
—No,
but
I
used
to
be.
——你是个海员吗？
——不是，但我以前是。
—He
hasn't
finished
yet.
—Well,
he
ought
to
have.
——他还没完成。
——哦，他早该完成了。
(四)宾语从句中的省略
1．由which,
when,
where,
how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。
Please
pass
me
one
of
these
books,
I
don't
care
which(you
pass
me)．
请递给我一本书，随便哪一本。
He
will
come
back,
but
he
doesn't
know
when
(he
will
come
back)．
他会回来的，但他不知道什么时候回来。
2．由that引导的宾语从句，连词that可省略，若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可省略，其余不能。
He
said
(that)
the
text
was
very
important
and
that
we
should
learn
it
by
heart.
他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。
知识点四、主谓一致
(一)并列主语的主谓一致
1．两个单数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：
Tom
and
Jack
were
close
friends.
汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友。
2．两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一人、同一物、同一个概念或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：
The
singer
and
dancer
is
to
attend
our
evening
party.
那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。
3．被every,
each,
many
a,
no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。其中，后一个限定词可省略。如：
Each
boy
and
(each)
girl
has
an
apple.
每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。
4．一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。如：
What
he
says
and
does
do
not
agree.
他言行不一致。
Simple
and
plain
living
is
a
fine
quality.
生活俭朴是一种优良的品质。
English
and
American
literature
are
appealing
to
her.
英国文学和美国文学都对她有吸引力。
5．由and连接的两个what从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。如：
What
he
says
and
does
does
not
concern
me.
他的言行与我无关。
6．由or,
nor,
either...or，neither...nor,
not
only...but
(also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。如：
One
or
two
friends
are
coming
this
evening.
今天晚上有一两个朋友要来。
Neither
I
nor
he
is
in
favour
of
her
marriage.
我和他都不赞成她的婚姻。
7．“单数名词＋with,
along
with,
together
with,
as
well
as,
rather
than,
as
much
as,
but,
except等＋名词”作主语时，谓语仍用单数形式。
如：
Dr.
Smith,
together
with
his
wife,
is
to
arrive
on
the
evening
flight.
史密斯博士及其夫人将乘晚班飞机抵达。
Nobody
but
one
teacher
and
three
students
was
in
the
laboratory.
除了一个老师和三个学生外，没有人在实验室里。
(二)某些名词作主语时的主谓一致
1．集体名词family,
class,
crew,
team,
group,
public,
audience,
crowd,
government,
committee等作主语时，动词的单复数形式要根据主语所指的意义而定。当把集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词常用单数形式；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：
The
class
consists
of
25
boys
and
20
girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The
class
are
doing
experiments.
全班学生正在做实验。
2．由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如trousers,
pants,
jeans,
compasses,
glasses,
shorts等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a
pair
of或two/three/...pairs
of来修饰，谓语动词的数往往取决于pair的单复数形式。如：
Your
glasses
are
very
nice.
你的眼镜很漂亮。
This
pair
of
trousers
is
mine.
这条裤子是我的。
(三)数词与量词作主语的主谓一致
1．表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等的名词的复数形式作主语，通常当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Twenty
years
is
a
long
time
in
one's
life.
20年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。
2．分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于它们表示的意义。试比较：
About
one
third
of
the
books
are
worth
reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得读一读。
3．有“kind(form,
type,
sort,
species,
portion,
series)
of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。如：
This
new
type
of
buses
is
on
show.
这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。
All
kinds
of
difficulties
have
to
be
overcome.
必须克服各种各样的困难。
4．如果主语由“many
a/more
than
one＋单数名词”构成，谓语动词常用单数。如：
Many
a
page
in
this
book
is
missing.
这本书缺了许多页。
5．a
quantity
of及quantities
of后既可接复数名词，亦可接不可数名词；a
quantity
of...作主语时谓语动词的单数形式取决于后面的名词是否可数；而quantities
of...作主语时谓语总用复数形式。如：
With
more
forests
being
destroyed,
a
large
quantity
of
good
earth
is
being
washed
away
each
year.
＝With
more
forests
being
destroyed,
quantities
of
good
earth
are
being
washed
away
each
year.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走了。
(四)从句中的主谓一致
1．在用it作形式主语的句子中和在用it构成的强调句型中，谓语动词常用单数。如：
It
isn't
obvious
which
route
would
be
the
best.
哪条路线会是最好的还不明显。
It
was
he
who
taught
us
English
last
year.
去年是他教我们英语。(强调句型)
知识点五、其他特殊句式
(一)祈使句的固定句式
1．祈使句＋and＋简单句表示“如果……就……”
2．祈使句＋or＋简单句表示“……否则……”
(二)感叹句的固定句式
1．What
a(an)＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
2．What＋形容词＋复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
3．How＋形容词＋a(an)＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
4．How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
(三)反义疑问句
1．主从复合句，与主句的主谓语保持一致。但当陈述部分是I
(We)
think/believe/expect/suppose加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。
2．must表示猜测时的反意疑问句
(1)“must
be”对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理。
3．陈述部分是祈使句，疑问尾句用will
you；但如果陈述部分是let's开头的祈使句，疑问尾句用shall
we。
高频考点一、考查强调句型
例1、【2018·天津】It
was
only
when
the
car
pulled
up
in
front
of
our
house
___________we
saw
Lily
in
the
passenger
seat.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
when
D.
where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It
is/
was
+
被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+
that/
who(当强调主语且主语指人)+
其他部分。本题强调时间状语only
when
the
car
pulled
up
in
front
of
our
house。故选B。
【变式探究】（2017?天津）It
was
when
I
got
back
to
my
apartment
______
I
first
came
across
my
new
neighbors.
A.
who
B.
where
C.
which
D.
that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It
was开头，后面连词首选that，，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It
was
和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选D。
【变式探究】You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.It
is
at
the
hotel
________
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.
【答案】that　【解析】句意：你等错地方了。长途汽车来宾馆接游客。本题考查强调句型：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。本句中at
the
hotel是被强调部分，缺强调句式中的that，故填that。
【变式探究】
Was
it
because
Jack
came
late
for
school
______
Mr.
Smith
got
angry?
A.
why
B.
who
C.
where
D.
that
【考点】考察强调句型的一般疑问句
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的特殊句式中强调句的一般疑问句。强调句的基本结构“It
is/was+被强调成分that/who+其他成分”。本题强调的成分较为特殊，强调的是原因状语从句because
Jack
came
late
for
school。句意：斯密斯先生是因为Jack上学迟到才生气的吗？故D正确。
【举一反三】It
was
only
after
he
had
read
the
papers
________
Mr.
Gross
realized
the
task
before
him
was
extremely
difficult
to
complete.
A．when
B．that
C．which
D．what
【答案】B　
【解析】句意：只有他看了论文之后，克洛斯先生才意识到摆在他面前的任务很难完成。本题为强调句型，其结构为：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that...，故B项正确。
高频考点二、考查倒装句
例2．(2019·天津卷)The
professor
warned
the
students
that
on
no
account
________
use
mobile
phones
in
his
class.
A．should
they
B．they
should
C．dare
they
D．they
dare
【答案】A　
【解析】考查倒装和情态动词。句意：教授警告学生说在他的课上绝对不应该使用手机。on
no
account(绝对不)具有否定意义，置于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装结构；再结合句意“不应该”可知，应选A。
【举一反三】（2017?江苏）
_______
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
A.
It
were
B.
Were
it
C.
It
was
D.
Was
it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were
/Should/
Had
I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
【变式探究】Not
until
recently
______the
development
of
tourist-related
activities
in
the
rural
areas.
A.
they
had
encouraged
B.
had
they
encouraged
C.
did
they
encourage
D.
they
encouraged
【答案】C
【解析】句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当not
until所引导的时间状语放在句首时，主句要使用部分倒装。故C项正确。
【变式探究】No
sooner
________
stepped
on
the
stage
than
the
audience
broke
into
thunderous
applause.
A.
had
Mo
Yan
B.
Mo
Yan
had
C.
has
Mo
Yan
D.
Mo
Yan
has
【答案】A
【解析】本题中的固定句式no
sooner…
than…一…就…；当否定词放在句首的时候，主句中要使用部分倒装的形式。句义：莫言一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。根据句义可知莫言走上舞台是在观众鼓掌之前，而观众鼓掌已经使用了一般过去时，在这之前的动作要使用过去完成时。同时要使用倒装句式。故A正确。
【举一反三】Only
when
you
can
find
peace
in
your
heart
_____good
relationships
with
others.
A.
will
you
keep
B.
you
will
keep
C.
you
kept
D.
did
you
keep
【答案】A
【解析】本题考察的是only的倒装句。当only放在句首，且强调的是状语的时候，需要使用部分倒装的形式。本题中only放在了句首，强调的是时间状语从句when
you
can
find
peace
in
your
heart，所以后面的主句要使用倒装句。D项的时态错误。句义：只有当你取得内心的安宁以后，你才可以和别人保持良好的关系。故A正确。
高频考点三
主谓一致
例3．【2019·江苏卷】
22.The
musician
along
with
his
band
members
___________
ten
performances
in
the
last
three
months.
A.
gives
B.
has
given
C.
have
given
D.
give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in
the
last
three
months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the
musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along
with
his
band
members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
【举一反三】(2017·江苏卷)The
publication
of
Great
Expectations，which________both
widely
reviewed
and
highly
praised,
strengthened
Dickens’
status
as
a
leading
novelist.
A．is
B．are
C．was
D．were
【答案】C　
【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，which指代Great
Expectations这本书，故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的strengthened可知，应使用一般过去时态。故答案为C。
【举一反三】It
is
important
to
remember
that
success
________
a
sum
of
small
efforts
made
each
day
and
often
________
years
to
achieve.
A．is；takes
B．are；takes
C．are；take
D．is；take
【答案】A　
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。
【变式探究】The
scientists
claimed
that
only
now
and
then
________
this
kind
of
bird
living
in
the
wild.
A．they
could
see
B．could
they
see
C．they
have
seen
D．have
they
seen
【答案】B　
【解析】考查时态和倒装。句意：科学家们称他们只是偶尔能看到处于野生状态的这种鸟。分析句子结构可知，“only＋状语”位于宾语从句句首，从句的主语和谓语应用倒装。结合句中的“claimed”“now
and
then”及选项可知，此处陈述过去的某种事实，应用一般过去时。故选B。
【变式探究】Among
the
biggest
problems
facing
those
remote
mountainous
villages
________
the
lack
of
experienced
teachers.
A．is
B．are
C．is
there
D．are
there
【答案】A　
【解析】考查倒装句和主谓一致。表示方位的介词短语置于句首时，句子要用全部倒装，而本题中的介词短语“Among
the
biggest
problems
facing
those
remote
mountainous
villages”正是表示抽象的方位的，所以本句要用全部倒装，而且主语为单数名词the
lack，故选A项。
高频考点四
　省略
例4．
Video
games
can
be
a
poor
influence
if
________
in
the
wrong
hands.
A．to
leave
B．leaving
C．leave
D．left
【答案】D　
【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果落在不合适的人的手中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。leave的逻辑主语是video
games，主语video
games与leave之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。if
left...是“连词＋过去分词”构成的状语从句的省略。
【举一反三】If
________
for
the
job，you’ll
be
informed
soon.
A．to
accept
B．accept
C．accepting
D．accepted
【答案】D　
【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果你被接受做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。句中you与accept之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，所以答案为D。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为：If
you
are
accepted
for
the
job，you’ll
be
informed
soon.。
【变式探究】The
climate
here
is
quite
pleasant，the
temperature
rarely，________，reaching
30℃
in
summer.
A．if
not
B．if
ever
C．if
any
D．if
so
【答案】B　
【解析】考查省略句。句意：这里的气候宜人，如果曾经有的话，在夏季气温极少达到30摄氏度。if
not如果不；if
ever如果曾经有，如果曾经发生；if
any如果有的话；if
so如果是这样的话。根据句中的关键词quite
pleasant(宜人)，rarely(极少)可知，空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有(if
ever)”。
【变式探究】The
driver
wanted
to
park
his
car
near
the
roadside
but
was
asked
by
the
police
________．
A．not
to
do
B．not
to
C．not
do
D．do
not
【答案】B　
【解析】考查省略。句意：那个司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。这里为了避免重复，省略与前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符号to。补充完整后应为“was
asked
by
the
police
not
to
park
his
car
near
the
roadside”。
高频考点五
其他特殊句式
例5．(2018·北京卷)In
any
unsafe
situation,
simply
________
the
button
and
a
highly－trained
agent
will
get
you
the
help
you
need.
A．press
B．to
press
C．pressing
D．pressed
【答案】A　
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以用动词原形。
【举一反三】—I
spent
two
weeks
in
London
last
summer.
—Then
you
must
have
visited
the
British
Museum
during
your
stay，________
you?
A．mustn’t
B．haven’t
C．didn’t
D．hadn’t
【答案】C　
【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：——去年夏天，我在伦敦度过了两个星期。——那么，在此期间你肯定参观了英国博物馆，是不是？must
have
done结构在句中表示对过去事情的肯定推测，当句末有反意疑问的语气时，可分为两种情况：
(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“haven’t/hasn’t...？”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“didn’t...？”。根据题干中的过去时间状语last
summer以及during
your
stay可知，反意疑问句的结构应用第二种情况。
【变式探究】Every
day
________
a
proverb
aloud
several
times
until
you
have
it
memorized.
A．read
B．reading
C．to
read
D．reads
【答案】A　
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：每天都要大声朗读几遍谚语，直到你能背诵为止。连词until引导时间状语从句，前面为主句，主句是一个祈使句，故选A。
【变式探究】The
old
president
of
that
company
must
have
donated
most
of
his
money
to
the
charity
and
those
in
need,
________？　
A．didn’t
he
　　　　　
　
B．doesn’t
he
C．hasn’t
he
D．mustn’t
he
【答案】C　
【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：那个公司年迈的董事长肯定把他大部分的钱捐献给了慈善机构和那些贫困的人，不是吗？当must用来表示对过去情况进行推测(must
have
done)时，如果强调动作的完成(此时句中一般没有表示过去的时间状语)，反意疑问句部分用“haven’t/hasn’t＋主语”。
1.（2019·新课标I卷）Of
the
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
_____
(be)
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three
are
declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar
bear
subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
2．(2019·天津卷)The
professor
warned
the
students
that
on
no
account
________
use
mobile
phones
in
his
class.
A．should
they
B．they
should
C．dare
they
D．they
dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装和情态动词。句意：教授警告学生说在他的课上绝对不应该使用手机。on
no
account(绝对不)具有否定意义，置于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装结构；再结合句意“不应该”可知，应选A。
1.【2018·北京】In
any
unsafe
situation,
simply
_________
the
button
and
a
highly-trained
agent
will
get
you
the
help
you
need.
A.
press
B.
to
press
C.
pressing
D.
pressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。
2.【2018·天津】
It
was
only
when
the
car
pulled
up
in
front
of
our
house
___________we
saw
Lily
in
the
passenger
seat.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
when
D.
where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It
is/
was
+
被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+
that/
who(当强调主语且主语指人)+
其他部分。本题强调时间状语only
when
the
car
pulled
up
in
front
of
our
house。故选B。
1．（2017?江苏）
_______
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
A.
It
were
B.
Were
it
C.
It
was
D.
Was
it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were
/Should/
Had
I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
2．（2017?江苏）
_______
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
A.
It
were
B.
Were
it
C.
It
was
D.
Was
it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were
/Should/
Had
I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该
生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
3．（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）
____________
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
A.
It
were
B.
Were
it
C.
It
was
D.
Was
it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were
/Should/
Had
I...，故选B。
4．（2017?江苏）
_______
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
A.
It
were
B.
Were
it
C.
It
was
D.
Was
it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省
略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were
/Should/
Had
I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
5．（2017?江苏）
_______
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
A.
It
were
B.
Were
it
C.
It
was
D.
Was
it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were
/Should/
Had
I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
6.(2017·江苏卷)
____________
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
A.
It
were
B.
Were
it
C.
It
was
D.
Was
it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were
/Should/
Had
I...，故选B。
7．（2017?江苏）
_______
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
A.
It
were
B.
Were
it
C.
It
was
D.
Was
it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were
/Should/
Had
I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该
生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
8．（2017?天津）It
was
when
I
got
back
to
my
apartment
______
I
first
came
across
my
new
neighbors.
A.
who
B.
where
C.
which
D.
that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It
was开头，后面连词首选that，，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It
was
和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选D。
1．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，50)It
could
be
anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—but
whatever
it
is，________(make)sure
it's
a
relief
from
daily
stress
rather
than
another
thing
to
worry
about.
【答案】make　
【解析】句意：它可以是园艺、烹饪、音乐、运动等任何事情，但是，无论它是什么，务必保证它是让你释放压力而不是让你担忧的事。句中动词短语置于句首，构成祈使句，故用动词原形。
2．(2016·天津，13)You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.It
is
at
the
hotel
________
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.
【答案】that　
【解析】句意：你等错地方了。长途汽车来宾馆接游客。本题考查强调句型：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。本句中at
the
hotel是被强调部分，缺强调句式中的that，故填that。
3.【2016·江苏】34.Not
until
recently
______the
development
of
tourist-related
activities
in
the
rural
areas.
A.
they
had
encouraged
B.
had
they
encouraged
C.
did
they
encourage
D.
they
encouraged
【答案】C
【解析】句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当not
until所引导的时间状语放在句首时，主句要使用部分倒装。故C项正确。