2021年高考英语二轮复习学案形容词和副词考点讲解含解析

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名称 2021年高考英语二轮复习学案形容词和副词考点讲解含解析
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形容词和副词
知识点一、形容词和副词的基本用法
1.形容词在句中的作用。
(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语。
(2)形容词在句中也可作状语,用来表示主语所处的状态。
He
was
lying
in
bed,dead.
(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语。如:
He
is
an
ill
man.(错)
The
man
is
ill.(对)
She
is
an
afraid
girl.(错)
The
girl
is
afraid.(对)
(4)two?year?old/200?metre?long/one?thousand?word等复合形容词中的名词要用单数,一般只用作前置定语。如:
Tom
is
a
two?year?old
boy.
2.副词在句中的作用。
副词在句中一般用作状语,修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,也可修饰整个句子。如:
Obviously
you
are
wrong.
知识点二、常用连接性副词的用法
1.though用作副词时,常在句末,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折意义。
2.therefore“因此,所以”,表示结果。
3.meanwhile“与此同时,在此期间”,表示前后分句的动作同时发生。
4.moreover“另外”,表示承接关系。
5.however“然而”,表示让步、转折,常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
6.besides“另外;还有”,表示递进关系。
7.instead“相反”,表示前后分句意义相反。
知识点三、形容词、副词的比较级及最高级
1.平级比较
(1)as+形容词/副词原级+as像……一样
(2)as+adj.+a/an+名词+as像……一样的……
(3)as
much+a/an+名词+as和……一样是……
(4)not
as/so+形容词/副词原级+as...不如……那样……
①Henry
is
a
worker
as
good
as
Peter
(is).
=Henry
is
as
good
a
worker
as
Peter
(is).
Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。
②It
is
generally
believed
that
teaching
is
as
much
an
art
as
it
is
a
science.
人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。
2.比较级
(1)the+比较级...,the+比较级...越……,越……
The
more
careful
you
are,
the
fewer
mistakes
you'll
make.
你越仔细,你犯的错误越少。
(2)the+比较级+of
the
two+名词,表示“两个中较……的”。
The
taller
of
the
two
boys
is
my
brother.
这两个男孩中较高的是我哥哥。
3.比较级的修饰词
常见的修饰词有much,a
lot,a
great
deal,far,even,a
bit,
a
little,
any(否定句、疑问句中),具体的数据等。
He
is
much
taller
than
Yao
Ming.
他比姚明高多了。
但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级;最高级常用by
far/much或序数词作状语。如:
The
population
of
China
is
by
far
the
largest
in
the
world.
Africa
is
the
second
largest
continent.
4.几种带有否定词的比较句型
(1)no
better
than表示“和……一样;实际等于……”。例如:
The
patient
is
no
better
than
he
was
yesterday.
病人的情况和昨天一样(不好)。
(2)no
more...than表示“同……一样不”。例如:
A
whale
is
no
more
a
fish
than
a
horse
is.
鲸和马都不是鱼。
(3)no
less...
than表示“和……一样;不逊于”。例如:
The
technique
of
writing
is
no
less
difficult
than
that
of
the
other
arts.
写作技巧和其他艺术技巧一样困难。
5.比较级表达最高级含义
(1)“否定词+比较级”有最高级的含义。
Your
story
is
perfect;I've
never
heard
a
better
one
before。
你的故事太完美了,我从来没有听到比这更好听的故事。
(2)比较级在以下几种句式中均表示最高级含义。
比较级+than+any
other+单数名词
比较级+than+all
the
other+复数名词
比较级+than+anyone
else
比较级+than+any
of
the
other+复数名词
比较级+than+the
rest
of+复数名词或不可数名词
例如:朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)
①Julia
is
taller
than
any
other
girl
in
her
class.
②Julia
is
taller
than
all
the
other
girls
in
her
class.
③Julia
is
taller
than
any
of
the
other
girls
in
her
class.
④Julia
is
taller
than
the
rest
of
girls
in
her
class.
⑤Julia
is
the
tallest
girl
in
her
class.
知识点四、倍数表达法
1.A
is+倍数+比较级+than+B
2.A
is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
3.A
is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height等)+of+B
4.the+名词(size,length,height等)+of
A
is+倍数+that+of+B
5.A
is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句
长江是珠江的三倍长。(一句多译)
①The
Yangtze
River
is
twice
longer
than
the
Pearl
River.
②The
Yangtze
River
is
three
times
as
long
as
the
Pearl
River.
③The
Yangtze
River
is
three
times
the
length
of
the
Pearl
River.
④The
length
of
the
Yangtze
River
is
three
times
that
of
the
Pearl
River.
知识点五、形容词作定语时的位置
1.通常置于所修饰的词之前,但不定代词的定语通常在后面。如:
Someone
strange
is
asking
to
see
you.
Something
unexpected
happened
and
we
had
to
make
some
changes
to
our
plan.
2.else常放在不定代词和疑问代词后面作定语。如:
No
one
else
can
answer
the
question.
3.多个形容词作定语时的词序为:大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途。如:
an
expensive
Japanese
sports
car,
those
three
beautiful
large
square
old
brown
wood
table.
高频考点一
形容词、副词的基本用法
例1.(2019·江苏卷)Unlike
traditional
gyms,
app?backed
gyms
offer
people
________
options
to
exercise.
A.casual
B.regular
C.flexible
D.tight
【答案】C 
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:与传统健身房不同,有软件支持的健身房为人们提供了灵活的锻炼选择。casual“随便的”;regular“有规则的”;flexible“灵活的”;tight“紧的”。
【变式探究】(2018·江苏卷)Despite
the
poor
service
of
the
hotel,
the
manager
is
________
to
invest
in
sufficient
training
for
his
staff.
A.keen
B.reluctant
C.anxious
D.ready
【答案】B 
【解析】考查形容词。句意:尽管这家旅馆服务差,但是经理却不愿投资对员工进行足够的培训。reluctant“不情愿的,勉强的”符合句意。
【变式探究】Fathers’
love
for
their
kids
seems
to
be
a
bit
strict
and
tough;
________,
mothers’
love
seems
to
be
loving
and
caring.
A.anyway
B.meanwhile
C.moreover
D.otherwise
【答案】B 
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:父亲对孩子的爱似乎有点严厉和强硬;相比之下,母亲的爱似乎是富有爱心和体贴的。meanwhile“与此同时,对比之下”,符合语境。anyway“尽管,而且”;moreover“此外,而且”;otherwise“除此之外,否则”。
高频考点二
形容词、副词的比较等级用法
例1.It
may
not
be
a
great
suggestion.
But
before
________
is
put
forward,
we’ll
make
do
with
it.
A.a
good
one         
B.a
better
one
C.the
best
one
D.a
best
one
【答案】B 
【解析】句意:它或许不是一个好建议,但在更好的建议被提出之前,我们先凑合一下。此处暗含比较,表示“一条更好的建议”,是泛指,故选B。
【变式探究】I
think
watching
TV
every
evening
is
a
waste
of
time

there
are
________
meaningful
things
to
do.
A.less
B.more
C.the
least
D.the
most
【答案】B 
【解析】句意:我认为每天晚上看电视是浪费时间,因为有更有意义的事可以去做。根据句意可知,此处应用meaningful的比较级形式,故选B。
【举一反三】This
is
by
far
________
movie
that
I
have
ever
seen.
A.an
inspiring
B.a
much
inspiring
C.the
most
inspiring
D.the
more
inspiring
【答案】C 
【解析】句意:这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。by
far
中用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级或最高级。根据that从句的描述可知,应该选择C项,即用最高级形式。D项,“the+比较级”常常要与由of构成的短语连用。
高频考点三
形容词、副词辨析
例3.【2018·江苏】Despite
the
poor
service
of
the
hotel,
the
manager
is
_______
to
invest
in
sufficient
training
for
his
staff.
A.
keen
B.
reluctant
C.
anxious
D.
ready
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:尽管旅馆服务不好,经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A.
keen敏锐的;B.
reluctant不情愿的;C.
anxious渴望的;D.
ready准备好的。故选B。
【举一反三】(2017?天津)—I
want
to
see
Mr.
White.
We
have
an
appointment.
—I’m
sorry,
but
he
is
not
________
at
the
moment,
for
the
meeting
hasn’t
ended.
A.
busy
B.
active
C.
concerned
D.
available
【答案】D
【解析】句意:--我想见怀特先生,我们有约。--对不起,他现在没空,因为会议还没有结束。A.忙碌;B.积极,活跃;C关心;D.有空。根据语境,故选D。
【变式探究】David
is
________
animal
fur,
so
he
won’t
visit
anyone
who
has
cats
or
dogs
in
the
house.
A.curious
about
B.allergic
to
C.satisfied
with
D.fond
of
【答案】B 
【解析】(be)
curious
about“对……好奇的”;(be)
allergic
to“对……过敏的”;(be)
satisfied
with“对……满意的”;(be)
fond
of“喜欢”。根据空格后面的so
he
won’t
visit
anyone
who
has
cats
or
dogs
in
the
house可知,戴维对动物皮毛“过敏”。
【变式探究】The
Forbidden
City
attracts
a
________
stream
of
visitors
every
day,
especially
during
national
holidays.
A.constant
B.main
C.powerful
D.shallow
【答案】A 
【解析】句意:紫禁城每天都吸引着络绎不绝的游客,特别是在国庆节期间。A
constant
stream
of
visitors表示“络绎不绝的游客”。Constant“持续不断的”,符合句意。Main“主要的”;powerful“强有力的”;shallow“浅的”。
【举一反三】Tony
can
hardly
boil
an
egg,
still
________
cook
dinner.
A.less
B.little
C.much
D.more
【答案】A 
【解析】句意:托尼几乎不会煮鸡蛋,更何况做饭呢。still
less意为“何况,更不用说”,符合句意。
高频考点四
倍数表达法
例4.This
restaurant
wasn't
________
that
other
restaurant
we
went
to.
A.half
as
good
as
B.as
half
good
as
C.as
good
as
half
D.good
as
half
as
【答案】A 
【解析】句意:这家餐馆还没有我们去过的其他餐馆的一半好呢。本题为倍数表达法之一:倍数+as+adj.原级+as+比较成分。
【举一反三】Mary’s
house
in
Nanchang
cost
much
more
than
ours,though
not
half________.
A.so
big
B.much
bigger
C.very
big
D.as
bigger
【答案】A 
【解析】此处表示“玛丽在南昌的房子不到我们家房子面积的一半,却比我们家的房子贵得多”,完整的表示是“...cost
much
more
than
ours,though
it
is
not
half
as/so
big
(as
ours).”。
【变式探究】The
new
stadium
being
built
for
the
next
Asian
Games
will
be
______
the
present
one.
A.as
three
times
big
as
B.three
times
as
big
as
C.as
big
as
three
times
D.as
big
three
times
as
【答案】B 
【解析】英语中常见的表达倍数的句型有:①...
times+as
+adj./adv.
(原级)+as...;
②...times+adj./adv.(比较级)+than...
;
③...times+the
length/width/...+of...。故B项符合。
1.(2019·江苏卷)Unlike
traditional
gyms,
app?backed
gyms
offer
people
________
options
to
exercise.
A.casual
B.regular
C.flexible
D.tight
【答案】C 
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:与传统健身房不同,有软件支持的健身房为人们提供了灵活的锻炼选择。casual“随便的”;regular“有规则的”;flexible“灵活的”;tight“紧的”。
2.(2019·天津卷)A
dog’s
eating
habit
requires
regular
training
before
it
is
________
established.
A.properly
B.widely
C.originally
D.temporarily
【答案】A 
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:狗的饮食习惯在正确地建立之前需要规则的训练。A项意为“正确地”;B项意为“广泛地”;C项意为“最初”;D项意为“临时”。故选A。
1.(2018·江苏卷)Despite
the
poor
service
of
the
hotel,
the
manager
is
________
to
invest
in
sufficient
training
for
his
staff.
A.keen
B.reluctant
C.anxious
D.ready
【答案】B 
【解析】考查形容词。句意:尽管这家旅馆服务差,但是经理却不愿投资对员工进行足够的培训。reluctant“不情愿的,勉强的”符合句意。
1.(2017·江苏)Only
five
years
after
Steve
Jobs’
death,
smart-phones
defeated
____________
PCs
in
sales.
A.
controversial
B.
contradictory
C.
confidential
D.
conventional
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A.
controversial有争议的;B.
contradictory对立的,相互矛盾的;C.
confidential机密的,秘密的;D.
conventional传统的。句意:乔布斯去世仅仅五年后,智能手机在销量上就打败了传统的个人电脑。故选D。
2.(2017·江苏)
The
disappearance
of
dinosaurs
is
not
necessarily
caused
by
astronomical
incidents.
But
____________
explanations
are
hard
to
find.
A.
alternative
B.
aggressive
C.
ambiguous
D.
apparent
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词。A.
alternative可供替代的;B.
aggressive好斗的,有进取心的;C.
ambiguous
有野心的,耗时的;D.
apparent显而易见的。句意:恐龙的消失未必是由天文事件引起的,但是难以找到其它解释。故选A。
3.(2017?天津)—I
want
to
see
Mr.
White.
We
have
an
appointment.
—I’m
sorry,
but
he
is
not
________
at
the
moment,
for
the
meeting
hasn’t
ended.
A.
busy
B.
active
C.
concerned
D.
available
【答案】D
【解析】句意:--我想见怀特先生,我们有约。--对不起,他现在没空,因为会议还没有结束。A.忙碌;B.积极,活跃;C关心;D.有空。根据语境,故选D。
1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,63)The
title
will
be
________(official)given
to
me
at
a
ceremony
in
London.
【答案】officially 
【解析】句意:这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地被授予我。修饰动词应用副词形式。
2.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,41)If
you
feel
stressed
by
responsibilities
at
work,you
should
take
a
step
back
and
identify(识别)those
of
________(great)and
less
importance.
【答案】greater 
【解析】句意:如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话,那么你应该暂缓一下,识别哪些事情更重要,哪些不太重要。由and连接两个并列成分可知,great应与less并列,故用比较级greater。
3.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,47)Recent
studies
show
that
we
are
far
more
productive
at
work
if
we
take
short
breaks
________(regular).
【答案】regularly 
【解析】句意:近期的研究表明,如果有规律地短暂休息,我们的工作效率会更高。形容词通常在句中作定语或表语。此处修饰动词短语take
short
breaks,需用副词。
4.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,66)Food
in
small
pieces
could
be
eaten
easily
with
twigs
which
________(gradual)turned
into
chopsticks.
【答案】gradually 
【解析】句意:小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到,这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词,所以用副词形式。
5.(2016·四川,62)Chinese
scientists
________(recent)had
a
chance
to
study
a
wild
female
panda
with
a
newborn
baby.
【答案】recently 
【解析】句意:最近,中国的科学家有机会研究一只带着新出生的熊猫宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫。在句中作状语应用副词形式。
6.(2016·四川,63)She
was
a
very
________(care)mother.
【答案】caring/careful 
【解析】句意:她是一位非常体贴的/细心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。caring“体贴的,关心他人的”和careful“细心的”均符合语境。
7.(2016·浙江,6)That
young
man
is
honest,cooperative,always
there
when
you
need
his
help.In
short,he's
________(rely).
【答案】reliable 
【解析】句意:那个年轻人很诚实,有合作精神,当你需要他的帮助的时候,他总会在那里。简而言之,他可以信赖。be
动词后面要接形容词作表语。
8.(2016·浙江,18)I
have
always
enjoyed
all
the
events
you
organized
and
I
hope
to
attend
________(many)in
the
coming
years.
【答案】more 
【解析】句意:我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动,并且希望未来的几年里参加更多的活动。此处暗含比较意义,故用比较级形式。
1.(2015·江苏,31)The
police
officers
decided
to
conduct
a
thorough
and
(comprehension)review
of
the
case.
【解析】句意:警方决定对该案件进行彻底和全面的审查。作名词review的定语要用其形容词形式。comprehensive
综合的,广泛的。
【答案】comprehensive
2.(2015·浙江,14)Listening
is
thus
an
active,
not
a
(passively),
behavior
consisting
of
hearing,
understanding
and
remembering.
【解析】句意:听是一种积极的,而不是消极的行为,它涉及听、理解和记忆。与前面的形容词active对应,也要用形容词形式,一起作名词behavior的定语。passive被动的,消极的。
【答案】passive
3.(2015·湖北,27)Even
though
the
conference
hall
is
near
his
apartment,
he
has
to
hurry
a
little
if
he
wants
to
be
(punctually).
【解析】句意:尽管会议大厅距他的公寓很近,想准时赶到,他必须快一点。作系动词be的表语要用形容词形式。punctual准时的。
【答案】punctual
4.(2015·湖北,28)I
don't
think
what
he
said
is
(relevance)to
the
topic
we
are
discussing.He
has
missed
the
point.
【解析】句意:我认为他说的与我们正在讨论的主题无关。他跑题了。作系动词is的表语要用形容词形式。relevant有关的;贴切的。
【答案】relevant
5.(2015·四川,7)Andy
is
content
with
the
toy.It
is
the
(good)he
has
ever
got.
【解析】考查最高级和比较级。句意:Andy对这个玩具很满意,这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。根据句意应用最高级。
【答案】best
6.(2015·四川,9)Little
Tom
sat
(amaze)watching
the
monkey
dancing
in
front
of
him.
【解析】考查形容词作状语。句意:小Tom坐在那儿看着小猴子在他面前跳舞,很吃惊。本句考查形容词作伴随状语,
amazed感到吃惊的,常修饰人;amazing令人吃惊的,常修饰物。
【答案】amazed
7.(2015·安徽,26)I'm
so
(gratitude)to
all
those
volunteers
because
they
helped
my
terrible
day
end
happily.
【解析】句意:我非常感激所有的志愿者,因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。be动词后跟形容词,be
grateful
to
sb感激某人。
【答案】grateful
8.(2015·福建,23)It
was
(consider)of
Michael
to
inform
us
of
his
delay
in
case
we
got
worried.
【解析】句意:为了避免我们担心,米切尔告知我们他耽搁了,他想得很周到。be动词后用形容词,considerate体贴的;考虑周到的。
【答案】considerate
9.(2015·浙江,13)Most
of
us,
if
we
know
even
a
little
about
where
our
food
comes
from,
understand
that
every
bite
put
into
our
mouths
was
(former)alive.
【解析】句意:如果我们知道一点食物来源的话,我们中的大多数人就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是活着的。此处作时间状语,故要用副词形式。formerly以前,从前。
【答案】formerly
10.(2015·湖北,29)The
girl
used
to
be
shy,
but
is
(gradual)getting
active
in
group
work
and
is
more
willing
to
express
herself.
【解析】句意:女孩一度很害羞,但是逐渐地她在分组工作表现得积极主动,变得更愿意表达自己了。在句中作状语修饰动词短语get
active要用副词形式。gradually逐渐地,逐步地。
【答案】gradually
11.(2015·安徽,31)They
gave
money
to
the
old
people's
home
either
(personal)or
through
their
companies.
【解析】句意:他们给那位老人的家里送钱,有的是从个人的名义,有的则是通过他们的公司。修饰动词的应为personally。
【答案】personally