2021年高考英语二轮复习学案：阅读理解考点讲解含解析

阅读理解
Ⅰ.阅读理解题策略
一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。
即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。
二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40词左右。必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，确定好答案。
三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。
文章绝不是互不相干的句子的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。
四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想像，随意揣测；读者要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：conclude，infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
五、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语阅读的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词法，语法，定义，同位语，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
Ⅱ.阅读理解常见问题及原因分析
问题一：已经找对了题干与原文对应处，为何还做错？
原因：
①精确定位：要看清真正的问题，即用信息词定位之后，要看清句子逻辑关系，弄清意思。
②学会看选项的方法：
a．找最贴近原文意思的选项；
b．去除选项间的相同信息，专门关注区别点；
c．分清褒贬；
d．分清程度大小，强烈关注选项中表内容的单词；
e．看清范围，分清是整体还是局部。
高频考点一　正确选项特征
在阅读理解的备考过程中，明确阅读理解常设选项的特征是快速准确锁定答案的关键。高考英语阅读理解的正确选项一般通过以下途径设置：
关键词直接复现：直接复现类可从问题中找到关键词，以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧迅速定位即可。此类题目较为简单，考查频率不高。
对原文关键词进行同义转换、正话反说和细节概括：此类题目需对原文信息进行准确理解并简单推理，观察词义、词性及语态的变化。这是命题人常用的设题方式，复习时应掌握英语的多种表达法。
一、同义转述
从近几年的高考题来看，细节理解题不仅数量有所增加，而且难度也稍有加大，主要表现为题目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致。命题人一般会对文章细节加以转述来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。转述的主要方式有以下三种：
1．同义词转化：把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，设为正确选项。
2．词性或语态等的变化：把原文中的词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，用另一种表达转述原文信息。
3．语言简化概括：把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化或概括成为正确答案。
例1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In
a
study
describing
the
technology,
the
researchers
had
100
volunteers
type
the
word
“touch”
four
times
using
the
smart
keyboard.
Data
collected
from
the
device
could
be
used
to
recognize
different
participants
based
on
how
they
typed,
with
very
low
error
rates.
The
researchers
say
that
the
keyboard
should
be
pretty
straightforward
to
commercialize
and
is
mostly
made
of
inexpensive,
plastic?like
parts.
The
team
hopes
to
make
it
to
market
in
the
near
future.
30．What
do
the
researchers
expect
of
the
smart
keyboard?
A．It’ll
be
environment?friendly.
B．It’ll
reach
consumers
soon.
C．It’ll
be
made
of
plastics.
D．It’ll
help
speed
up
typing.
【答案】B　
【解析】细节理解题。根据上段中的最后一句“The
team
hopes
to
make
it
to
market
in
the
near
future.”可知，该研究团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B。
二、正话反说
正话反说是阅读理解题目中的一个难点，通常有以下几个高频考向：
1．It
looks/sounds
like/as
if类：表示看/听起来好像是，实际上并不是。
2．虚拟语气句：用虚拟语气来表述与事实相反的情况，让读者推断事实内容。
3．让步论述：先假设作者的观点反面成立，从而引出一系列荒谬的、不合理的结果，倒过来证明作者观点的正确性。
4．反问句。
例2.(2019·北京卷)The
problem
of
robocalls
has
gotten
so
bad
that
many
people
now
refuse
to
pick
up
calls
from
numbers
they
don’t
know.
By
next
year,
half
of
the
calls
we
receive
will
be
scams(欺诈).
We
are
finally
waking
up
to
the
severity
of
the
problem
by
supporting
and
developing
a
group
of
tools,
apps
and
approaches
intended
to
prevent
scammers
from
getting
through.
Unfortunately,
it’s
too
little,
too
late.
By
the
time
these
“solutions”(解决方案)
become
widely
available,
scammers
will
have
moved
onto
cleverer
means.
In
the
near
future,
it’s
not
just
going
to
be
the
number
you
see
on
your
screen
that
will
be
in
doubt.
Soon
you
will
also
question
whether
the
voice
you’re
hearing
is
actually
real.
38．How
does
the
author
feel
about
the
solutions
to
the
problem
of
robocalls?
A．Panicked.　　　　　　　
B．Confused.
C．Embarrassed.
D．Disappointed.
【答案】D　
【解析】推理判断题。根据上段中的“By
the
time
these
‘solutions’(解决方案)
become
widely
available,
scammers
will
have
moved
onto
cleverer
means.”可知，等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时，不法分子就会转向更聪明的手段；由此可推知作者对自动语音电话问题的解决方案感到很失望，D项意为“失望的”，故选D。
3.
理解概括
阅读理解除了考查考生对细节信息的准确理解外，
还要求考生通过思维分析将信息进行归纳概括，使之系统化、条理化。
例3.(2019·浙江卷)California
has
lost
half
its
big
trees
since
the
1930s,
according
to
a
study
to
be
published
Tuesday
and
climate
change
seems
to
be
a
major
factor(因素)．
The
number
of
trees
larger
than
two
feet
across
has
declined
by
50
percent
on
more
than
46,
000
square
miles
of
California
forests,
the
new
study
finds.
No
area
was
spared
or
unaffected,
from
the
foggy
northern
coast
to
the
Sierra
Nevada
Mountains
to
the
San
Gabriels
above
Los
Angeles.
In
the
Sierra
high
country,
the
number
of
big
trees
has
fallen
by
more
than
55
percent;
in
parts
of
southern
California
the
decline
was
nearly
75
percent.
Many
factors
contributed
to
the
decline,
said
Patrick
McIntyre,
an
ecologist
who
was
the
lead
author
of
the
study.
Woodcutters
targeted
big
trees.
Housing
development
pushed
into
the
woods.
Aggressive
wildfire
control
has
left
California
forests
crowded
with
small
trees
that
compete
with
big
trees
for
resources(资源)．
But
in
comparing
a
study
of
California
forests
done
in
the
1920s
and
1930s
with
another
one
between
2001
and
2010,
McIntyre
and
his
colleagues
documented
a
widespread
death
of
big
trees
that
was
evident
even
in
wildlands
protected
from
woodcutting
or
development.
The
loss
of
big
trees
was
greatest
in
areas
where
trees
had
suffered
the
greatest
water
shortage.
The
researchers
figured
out
water
stress
with
a
computer
model
that
calculated
how
much
water
trees
were
getting
in
comparison
with
how
much
they
needed,
taking
into
account
such
things
as
rainfall,
air
temperature,
dampness
of
soil,
and
the
timing
of
snowmelt(融雪)．
Since
the
1930s,
McIntyre
said,
the
biggest
factors
driving
up
water
stress
in
the
state
have
been
rising
temperatures,
which
cause
trees
to
lose
more
water
to
the
air,
and
earlier
snowmelt,
which
reduces
the
water
supply
available
to
trees
during
the
dry
season.
30．What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A．California’s
Forests:
Where
Have
All
the
Big
Trees
Gone?
B．Cutting
of
Big
Trees
to
Be
Prohibited
in
California
Soon
C．Why
Are
the
Big
Trees
Important
to
California
Forests?
D．Patrick
McIntyre:
Grow
More
Big
Trees
in
California
【答案】A　
【解析】标题归纳题。根据全文可知，文章主要讲述了美国加州森林中大树数量急剧下降的现象，并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。故选A。
高频考点二
干扰项特征
高考英语阅读理解的错误选项就是命题人用以干扰考生思维的陷阱。高考英语中，由于词汇量的限制，挑选的文章不能过难。命题人就在问题和干扰项上做文章，使考生即使能基本读懂文章，也不能轻松做对题目。现在的干扰项不仅语言复杂，而且欺骗性强，两个语言水平相当、对文章理解程度相差不大的考生会因为对干扰项的辨别能力不同，而影响答题的准确率。为了提高辨别错误和干扰信息的能力，有必要分析干扰项的种种特征，使考生在命题人设置的种种陷阱前，做到胸有成竹。
一、偷梁换柱
干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。
例1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·D片段)During
the
rosy
years
of
elementary
school(小学),
I
enjoyed
sharing
my
dolls
and
jokes,
which
allowed
me
to
keep
my
high
social
status.
I
was
the
queen
of
the
playground.
Then
came
my
tweens
and
teens,
and
mean
girls
and
cool
kids.
They
rose
in
the
ranks
not
by
being
friendly
but
by
smoking
cigarettes,
breaking
rules
and
playing
jokes
on
others,
among
whom
I
soon
found
myself.
32．What
sort
of
girl
was
the
author
in
her
early
years
of
elementary
school?
A．Unkind.　　　　　　
B．Lonely.
C．Generous.
D．Cool.
【答案】C　
【解析】推理判断题。根据上段的第一句“During
the
rosy
years
of
elementary
school(小学),
I
enjoyed
sharing
my
dolls
and
jokes,
which
allowed
me
to
keep
my
high
social
status.”可知，作者在小学时乐于分享。unkind“不友好的”，lonely“孤独的”，generous“慷慨的，大方的”，cool“酷的”，故选C。
二、张冠李戴
干扰项表述的内容在原文里可以找到信息依据，
但与题干所问的动作发出者不一致。不注意动作主语的差异，
张冠李戴，
极易造成误选。
例2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
The
Audience
Helen
Mirren
stars
in
the
play
by
Peter
Morgan,
about
Queen
Elizabeth
Ⅱ
of
the
UK
and
her
private
meetings
with
twelve
Prime
Ministers
in
the
course
of
sixty
years.
Stephen
Daldry
directs.
Also
starring
Dylan
Baker
and
Judith
Ivey.
Previews
begin
Feb.14.(Schoenfeld,
236
W．45th
St.212?239?6200.)
2．Who
is
the
director
of
The
Audience?
A．Helen
Mirren.
B．Peter
Morgan.
C．Dylan
Baker.
D．Stephen
Daldry.
【答案】D　
【解析】细节理解题。题干问的是“谁执导了The
Audience？”。根据该部分中的“Stephen
Daldry
directs.”可知答案。
三、绝对化表达
干扰项中出现如all,
none,
everyone,
each,
everything,
impossible
等绝对化的表达，
一般不符合客观事实和原文信息。
例3.(2019·江苏卷)Even
more
worryingly,
the
fascination
with
the
internet
by
people
in
rich
countries
has
moved
the
international
community
to
worry
about
the
“digital
divide”
between
the
rich
countries
and
the
poor
countries.
This
has
led
companies
and
individuals
to
donate
money
to
developing
countries
to
buy
computer
equipment
and
internet
facilities.
The
question,
however,
is
whether
this
is
what
the
developing
countries
need
the
most.
Perhaps
giving
money
for
those
less
fashionable
things
such
as
digging
wells,
extending
electricity
networks
and
making
more
affordable
washing
machines
would
have
improved
people’s
lives
more
than
giving
every
child
a
laptop
computer
or
setting
up
internet
centres
in
rural
villages.
I
am
not
saying
that
those
things
are
necessarily
more
important,
but
many
donators
have
rushed
into
fancy
programmes
without
carefully
assessing
the
relative
long?term
costs
and
benefits
of
alternative
uses
of
their
money.
62．The
example
in
Paragraph
4
suggests
that
donators
should
________．
A．take
people’s
essential
needs
into
account
B．make
their
programmes
attractive
to
people
C．ensure
that
each
child
gets
financial
support
D．provide
more
affordable
internet
facilities
【答案】A　
【解析】推理判断题。根据上段中的“The
question，however，is
whether
this
is
what
the
developing
countries
need
the
most.
Perhaps
giving
money
for
those
less
fashionable
things
such
as
digging
wells,
extending
electricity
networks
and...in
rural
villages.”可知，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本需求，而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品，受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故选A。
四、颠倒逻辑
干扰项中出现语义逻辑的混乱，
即原文中出现的是A引起B,
而选项中是B引起A，考生可能看到了文中出现过的词语，
没有细研究其逻辑意义，
从而造成误选。
例4.(2019·江苏卷)It
would
not
matter
if
these
misjudgments
were
just
a
matter
of
people’s
opinions.
However,
they
have
real
impacts,
as
they
result
in
misguided
use
of
scarce
resources.
61．Misjudgments
on
the
influences
of
new
technology
can
lead
to
________．
A．a
lack
of
confidence
in
technology
B．a
slow
progress
in
technology
C．a
conflict
or
public
opinions
D．a
waste
of
limited
resources
【答案】D　
【解析】细节理解题。根据上段中的“However，they
have
real
impacts,
as
they
result
in
misguided
use
of
scarce
resources.”可知，对新技术影响的误判导致了对稀缺资源的误用，故选D。
【高考题型解读】
题型一、主旨大意题
1．主旨大意题常分为两类：(1)选出文章最佳标题；(2)概括文章或段落大意。
2．主旨大意题主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。研读近几年高考阅读理解，可以发现对主旨大意类的考查占有相当重要的地位。
【方法技巧】主旨大意题的三种思路：
①寻找主题句，确定文章大意。在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。
主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(或在开头结尾同时出现首尾呼应的主题句)，因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨概括类试题多采用浏览法，即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重点搜索主题信息。
②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心句的基础上。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔的“重心”，考虑文章的材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么，分析故事情节围绕什么发展，最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。
③抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，继而概括出段落的主题，推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。
例1、(2019·江苏卷·D)The
65?year?old
Steve
Goodwin
was
found
suffering
from
early
Alzheimer’s(阿尔兹海默症).
He
was
losing
his
memory.
A
software
engineer
by
profession,
Steve
was
a
keen
lover
of
the
piano,
and
the
only
musician
in
his
family.
Music
was
his
true
passion,
though
he
had
never
performed
outside
the
family.
Melissa,
his
daughter,
felt
it
more
than
worthwhile
to
save
his
music,
to
which
she
fell
asleep
each
night
when
she
was
young.
She
thought
about
hiring
a
professional
pianist
to
work
with
her
father.
Naomi,
Melissa’s
best
friend
and
a
talented
pianist,
got
to
know
about
this
and
showed
willingness
to
help.
“Why
do
this？”
Steve
wondered.
“Because
she
cares，”
Melissa
said.
Steve
nodded,
tears
in
eye.
Naomi
drove
to
the
Goodwin
home.
She
told
Steve
she’d
love
to
hear
him
play.
Steve
moved
to
the
piano
and
sat
at
the
bench,
hands
trembling
as
he
gently
placed
his
fingers
on
the
keys.
Naomi
put
a
small
recorder
near
the
piano.
Starts
and
stops
and
mistakes.
Long
pauses,
heart
sinking.
But
Steve
pressed
on,
playing
for
the
first
time
in
his
life
for
a
stranger.
“It
was
beautiful，”
Naomi
said
after
listening
to
the
recording.
“The
music
was
worth
saving.”
Her
responsibility,
her
privilege,
would
be
to
rescue
it.
The
music
was
sill
in
Steve
Goodwin.
It
was
hidden
in
rooms
with
doors
about
to
be
locked.
Naomi
and
Steve
met
every
other
week
and
spent
hours
together.
He’d
move
his
fingers
clumsily
on
the
piano,
and
then
she’d
take
his
place.
He
struggled
to
explain
what
he
heard
in
his
head.He
stood
by
the
piano,
eyes
closed,
listening
for
the
first
time
to
his
own
work
being
played
by
someone
else.
Steve
and
Naomi
spoke
in
musical
code:
lines,
beats,
intervals,
moving
from
the
root
to
end
a
song
in
a
new
key.
Steve
heard
it.
All
of
it.
He
just
couldn’t
play
it.
Working
with
Naomi
did
wonders
for
Steve.
It
had
excited
within
him
the
belief
he
could
write
one
last
song.
One
day,
Naomi
received
an
email.
Attached
was
a
recording,
a
recording
of
loss
and
love,
of
the
fight.
Steve
called
it
“Melancholy
Flower.”
Naomi
heard
multiple
stops
and
starts.
Steve
struggling,
searching
while
his
wife
Joni
called
him
“honey”
and
encouraged
him.
The
task
was
so
hard,
and
Steve,
angry
and
upset,
said
he
was
quitting.
Joni
praised
him,
telling
her
husband
this
could
be
his
signature
piece.
Naomi
managed
to
figure
out
16
of
Steve’s
favorite,
and
most
personal,
songs.
With
Naomi’s
help,
the
Goodwin
family
found
a
sound
engineer
to
record
Naomi
playing
Steve’s
songs.
Joni
thought
that
would
be
the
end.
But
it
wasn’t.
In
the
months
leading
up
to
the
2016
Oregon
Repertory
Singers
Christmas
concert,
Naomi
told
the
director
she
had
a
special
one
in
mind:
“Melancholy
Flower.”
She
told
the
director
about
her
project
with
Steve.
The
director
agreed
to
add
it
to
the
playing
list.
But
Naomi
would
have
to
ask
Steve’s
permission.
He
considered
it
an
honor.
After
the
concert,
Naomi
told
the
family
that
Steve’s
music
was
beautiful
and
professional.
It
needed
to
be
shared
in
public.
The
family
rented
a
former
church
in
downtown
Portland
and
scheduled
a
concert.
By
the
day
of
the
show,
more
than
300
people
had
said
they
would
attend.
By
then,
Steve
was
having
a
hard
time
remembering
the
names
of
some
of
his
friends.
He
knew
the
path
his
life
was
now
taking.
He
told
his
family
he
was
at
peace.
Steve
arrived
and
sat
in
the
front
row,
surrounded
by
his
family.
The
house
lights
faded.
Naomi
took
the
stage.
Her
fingers.
His
heart.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，叙述了Steve在家人、朋友的帮助下与病魔赛跑及众人努力拯救可能失传的“独家音乐”的感人故事。
65．Why
did
Melissa
want
to
save
her
father’s
music?
A．His
music
could
stop
his
disease
from
worsening.
B．She
wanted
to
please
her
dying
old
father.
C．His
music
deserved
to
be
preserved
in
the
family.
D．She
wanted
to
make
her
father
a
professional.
【答案】C　【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，父亲Steve是一位钢琴爱好者，是家里唯一一位音乐家，再根据第三段中的“felt
it
more
than
worthwhile
to
save
his
music,
to
which
she
fell
asleep
each
night
when
she
was
young”可知，父亲Steve的音乐陪伴了Melissa的成长，因此Melissa觉得它对于这个家庭来说有着特别的意义，值得被保存，故本题答案为C。
66．After
hearing
Steve’s
playing,
Naomi
________．
A．refused
to
make
a
comment
on
it
B．was
deeply
impressed
by
his
music
C．decided
to
free
Steve
from
suffering
D．regretted
offering
help
to
her
friend
【答案】B　【解析】细节理解题。根据第十段“‘It
was
beautiful，’Naomi
said
after
listening
to
the
recording.‘The
music
was
worth
saving.’”可知，听完他的演奏之后，Naomi对他的音乐很是赞赏，故本题答案为B。
67．How
can
the
process
of
Steve’s
recording
be
described?
A．It
was
slow
but
productive.
B．It
was
beneficial
to
his
health.
C．It
was
tiresome
for
Naomi.
D．It
was
vital
for
Naomi’s
career.
【答案】A　【解析】细节理解题。根据第十二段中的“Naomi
and
Steve
met
every
other
week
and
spent
hours
together.
He’d
move
his
fingers
clumsily
on
the
piano,
and
then
she’d
take
his
place.”及第十四段中的“Working
with
Naomi
did
wonders
for
Steve.
It
had
excited
within
him
the
belief
he
could
write
one
last
song.”可知，音乐的录制过程缓慢，但是有成效，故本题答案为A。
68．Before
Steve
finished
“Melancholy
Flower，”
his
wife
Joni
________．
A．thought
the
music
talent
of
Steve
was
exhausted
B．didn’t
expect
the
damage
the
disease
brought
about
C．didn’t
fully
realize
the
value
of
her
husband’s
music
D．brought
her
husband’s
music
career
to
perfection
【答案】C　【解析】推理判断题。根据第十五段中的“Steve
struggling,
searching
while
his
wife
Joni
called
him‘honey’
and
encouraged
him.The
task
was
so
hard,
and
Steve,
angry
and
upset,
said
he
was
quitting.
Joni
praised
him,
telling
her
husband
this
could
be
his
signature
piece.”可知，在Steve进行音乐创作时，他泄气过，甚至说过要放弃，而他的妻子Joni仍然鼓励他和表扬他，并称这会是他的“签名之作”。由signature一般表示“(文件结尾的)签名”可推知，Joni认为这会是她丈夫最后的创作，她之前并没有想到丈夫的音乐会有被公开演奏的一天。再结合下文中Steve的音乐在音乐会上被演奏并得到认可及其对Steve的影响的内容可知，Joni之前并没有完全认识到Steve的音乐的价值或其积极作用。故本题答案为C。
69．How
did
Steve
feel
at
the
concert
held
in
downtown
Portland?
A．He
felt
concerned
about
his
illness.
B．He
sensed
a
responsibility
for
music.
C．He
regained
his
faith
in
music.
D．He
got
into
a
state
of
quiet.
【答案】D　【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后两段的内容尤其是倒数第二段中的“He
told
his
family
he
was
at
peace.”可知，在音乐会上，他心情很平静。故本题答案为D。
70．What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
passage?
A．The
Kindness
of
Friends
B．The
Power
of
Music
C．The
Making
of
a
Musician
D．The
Value
of
Determination
【答案】B　【解析】标题归纳题。音乐让Steve在家人、朋友的帮助下展开了一场与病魔赛跑的接力赛，因此The
Power
of
Music适合作文章的标题。
题型二、细节理解题
1．此类题型一般分两种情况；直接事实题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常见的类型有对号入座题、是非判断题、语意转换题、表格理解题等)以及间接事实题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。
2．细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些问题，考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案，但有些则需要在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。
【技巧归纳】
做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。
【特别提醒】细节理解题的三个步骤：
①浏览全文，了解信息。快速通读全文，大致了解不同信息间的差异，为解决问题做好信息储备。
②抓关键词，快速寻读。根据题目要求，从题干中抓住关键性词语，以此为线索，通过略读和寻读的方法快速而准确地在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息，找到后仔细阅读，反复品味，认真比较选项和文中细节，在准确理解该细节的前提下，排除干扰项，从而确定答案。
③回读信息，验证答案。确定答案后，必须回读原文，再一次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证。
总之，对于细节理解题，我们要恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
例2.(2019·江苏卷·A)Whatever
your
age
or
interests,
Buxton
has
something
to
see
or
do
to
make
your
visit
truly
memorable.
High_energy
If
you
desire
physical
activities,
you
can
choose
activities
from
swimming
to
horse
riding.
Explore
the
heights
with
Go
Ape,
the
high
wire
forest
adventure
course,
or
journey
beneath
the
earth
at
Poole’s
Cavern.
And
don’t
forget:
we
are
surrounded
by
a
natural
playground
just
perfect
for
walking,
caving,
climbing
and
cycling.
High_minded
Buxton
is
justifiably
proud
of
its
cultural
life
and
you’ll
find
much
to
suit
all
tastes
with
art,
music,
opera
and
the
performing
arts
at
Buxton
Opera
House
&
Pavilion
Arts
Centre
and
Green
Man
Gallery.
There
are
plenty
of
opportunities
for
the
creative
person
to
become
involved,
including
workshops
and
events.
Keeping_the_kids_happy
Children
love
the
small
train
and
playgrounds
in
the
Pavilion
Gardens
and
there’s
plenty
more
to
explore
at
the
Buxton
Museum.
There’s
a
new
indoor
play
centre,
plus
the
special
events
and
workshops,
and
others
during
school
holiday
periods.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了巴克斯顿(Buxton)令人难忘的景点及活动。
56．If
you
want
to
take
an
underground
journey,
which
place
is
the
best
choice?
A．Poole’s
Cavern.
B．Pavilion
Gardens.
C．Buxton
Museum.
D．Green
Man
Gallery.
【答案】A　【解析】细节理解题。根据High_energy部分中的“Explore
the
heights
with
Go
Ape,
the
high
wire
forest
adventure
course,
or
journey
beneath
the
earth
at
Poole’s
Cavern.”可知，如果你想进行地下之旅，可选择Poole’s
Cavern。
57．Buxton
Opera
House
&
Pavilion
Arts
Centre
is
special
because
it
offers
________.
A．rides
in
small
trains
B．courses
in
modern
arts
C．artistic
and
cultural
activities
D．basic
courses
in
horse
riding
【答案】C　【解析】细节理解题。根据High_minded部分中的“Buxton
is
justifiably
proud
of
its
cultural
life
and
you’ll
find
much
to
suit
all
tastes...There
are
plenty
of
opportunities
for
the
creative
person
to
become
involved”可知，Buxton
Opera
House
&
Pavilion
Arts
Centre很特别的原因是它提供多种文化艺术活动。
题型三、词义猜测题
1．词义猜测题的常见形式：
(1)直接对某个陌生的词汇进行理解；
(2)对文中的某个代词确认指代的对象；
(3)对多义词或短语进行文中含义的精确定义；
(4)对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接的或解释性的描述。
2．词义猜测题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解和处理生词的能力，它包括对词、词组和句意的理解。词义猜测不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面。
【方法技巧】词义猜测题的三大突破
1．根据定义猜测词义。如果生词由定语从句、同位语(同位语前常有or，similarly，that
is
to
say，in
rather
words，namely，or
rather，say等)或同位语从句来定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号中的内容加以解释，理解这些定义或解释就是在理解词义。
2．根据对比、比较关系猜测词义。在一个句子或段落中如有对两个事物或两种现象的对比性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词语主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，in
spite
of，in
contrast等。表示对比关系的句子结构有：while引导的并列句。表示比较关系的词语主要有：similarly，like，just
as，also，as
well
as等。
3．通过构词法猜测词义。生词的前缀、后缀、复合词的各部分，词性的变化都可以暗示出词义。
注意
①不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思；
②不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。
例3.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)But
he’s
nervous.
“I’m
here
to
tell
you
today
why
you
should...should...”
Chris
trips
on
the
“?ld，”
a
pronunciation
difficulty
for
many
non?native
English
speakers.
His
teacher,
Thomas
Whaley,
is
next
to
him,
whispering
support.
“...Vote
for...me...”
Except
for
some
stumbles,_Chris
is
doing
amazingly
well.
When
he
brings
his
speech
to
a
nice
conclusion,
Whaley
invites
the
rest
of
the
class
to
praise
him.
25．What
does
the
underlined
word
“stumbles”
in
paragraph
2
refer
to?
A．Improper
pauses.
B．Bad
manners.
C．Spelling
mistakes.
D．Silly
jokes.
【答案】A　
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，老师借助竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己。文中Chris
Palaez的母语不是英语，他学英语才三年多，说话不流利，而且他在演讲时非常紧张，所以说话磕磕绊绊，故选A。
【举一反三】(2018·北京卷)A
study
from
the
University
of
California
at
Davis
suggested
that
replacing
petrol?powered
private
cars
worldwide
with
electric,
self?driving
and
shared
systems
could
reduce
carbon
emissions
from
transportation
80%
and
cut
the
cost
of
transportation
infrastructure(基础设施)
and
operations
40%
by
2050.
Fewer
emissions
and
cheaper
travel
sound
pretty
appealing.
The
first
commercially
available
driverless
cars
will
almost
certainly
be
fielded
by
ride?hailing
services,
considering
the
cost
of
self?driving
technology
as
well
as
liability
and
maintenance
issues(责任与维护问题).
But
driverless
car
ownership
could
increase
as
the
prices
drop
and
more
people
become
comfortable
with
the
technology.
49．What
does
the
underlined
word
“fielded”
in
Paragraph
4
probably
mean?
A．Employed.　　　　　　　
B．Replaced.
C．Shared.
D．Reduced.
【答案】A　
【解析】词义猜测题。利用构词法解题。field常用作名词，
表示“场地，领域”，此处用作动词，引申为“使用，应用”。根据上段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容“The
first
commercially
available
driverless
cars
will
almost
certainly”并结合下句中的“as
the
prices
drop
and
more
people
become
comfortable
with
the
technology”可知，随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如，第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会“被应用”到“叫车服务”中。故选A。
【变式探究】　(2019·北京卷)Phytoplankton
live
at
the
ocean
surface,
where
they
pull
carbon
dioxide(二氧化碳)
into
the
ocean
while
giving
off
oxygen.
When
these
organisms
die,
they
bury
carbon
in
the
deep
ocean,
an
important
process
that
helps
to
regulate
the
global
climate.
But
phytoplankton
are
vulnerable
to
the
ocean’s
warming
trend.
Warming
changes
key
characteristics
of
the
ocean
and
can
affect
phytoplankton
growth,
since
they
need
not
only
sunlight
and
carbon
dioxide
to
grow,
but
also
nutrients.
43．What
does
the
underlined
word
“vulnerable”
in
Paragraph
3
probably
mean?
A．Sensitive.
B．Beneficial.
C．Significant.
D．Unnoticeable.
【答案】A　
【解析】词义猜测题。根据上段尾句“Warming
changes
key
characteristics
of
the
ocean
and
can
affect
phytoplankton
growth...but
also
nutrients.”可知，温度变化对phytoplankton有很大的影响；由此可推知phytoplankton对海洋的温度很敏感。故选A。
【举一反三】(2019·江苏卷·B)In
the
1960s，while
studying
the
volcanic
history
of
Yellowstone
National
Park，Bob
Christiansen
became
puzzled
about
something
that，oddly，had
not
troubled
anyone
before：he
couldn’t
find
the
park’s
volcano.
It
had
been
known
for
a
long
time
that
Yellowstone
was
volcanic
in
nature—that’s
what
accounted
for
all
its
hot
springs
and
other
steamy
features.
But
Christiansen
couldn’t
find
the
Yellowstone
volcano
anywhere.
Most
of
us,
when
we
talk
about
volcanoes,
think
of
the
classic
cone(圆锥体)
shapes
of
a
Fuji
or
Kilimanjaro,
which
are
created
when
erupting
magma(岩浆)
piles
up.
These
can
form
remarkably
quickly.
In
1943,
a
Mexican
farmer
was
surprised
to
see
smoke
rising
from
a
small
part
of
his
land.
In
one
week
he
was
the
confused
owner
of
a
cone
five
hundred
feet
high.
Within
two
years
it
had
topped
out
at
almost
fourteen
hundred
feet
and
was
more
than
half
a
mile
across.
Altogether
there
are
some
ten
thousand
of
these
volcanoes
on
Earth，all
but
a
few
hundred
of
them
extinct.
There
is,
however,
a
second
less
known
type
of
volcano
that
doesn’t
involve
mountain
building.
These
are
volcanoes
so
explosive
that
they
burst
open
in
a
single
big
crack,
leaving
behind
a
vast
hole,
the
caldera.
Yellowstone
obviously
was
of
this
second
type,
but
Christiansen
couldn’t
find
the
caldera
anywhere.
Just
at
this
time
NASA
decided
to
test
some
new
high?altitude
cameras
by
taking
photographs
of
Yellowstone.
A
thoughtful
official
passed
on
some
of
the
copies
to
the
park
authorities
on
the
assumption
that
they
might
make
a
nice
blow?up
for
one
of
the
visitors’
centers.
As
soon
as
Christiansen
saw
the
photos，he
realized
why
he
had
failed
to
spot
the
caldera:
almost
the
whole
park—2.2
million
acres—was
caldera.
The
explosion
had
left
a
hole
more
than
forty
miles
across—much
too
huge
to
be
seen
from
anywhere
at
ground
level.
At
some
time
in
the
past
Yellowstone
must
have
blown
up
with
a
violence
far
beyond
the
scale
of
anything
known
to
humans.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。20世纪60年代，Bob
Christiansen在研究黄石国家公园的火山历史时，对一件以前从未困扰过任何人的事情感到困惑：他找不到公园里的火山。
58．What
puzzled
Christiansen
when
he
was
studying
Yellowstone?
A．Its
complicated
geographical
features.
B．Its
ever?lasting
influence
on
tourism.
C．The
mysterious
history
of
the
park.
D．The
exact
location
of
the
volcano.
【答案】D　【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bob
Christiansen
became
puzzled
about
something
that,
oddly,
had
not
troubled
anyone
before:
he
couldn’t
find
the
park’s
volcano”可知，Bob
Christiansen对黄石国家公园的火山位置感到困惑。
59．What
does
the
second
paragraph
mainly
talk
about?
A．The
shapes
of
volcanoes.
B．The
impacts
of
volcanoes.
C．The
activities
of
volcanoes.
D．The
heights
of
volcanoes.
【答案】A　【解析】段落大意题。根据第二段内容尤其是其中的“Most
of
us,
when
we
talk
about
volcanoes,
think
of
the
classic
cone(圆锥体)
shapes
of
Fuji
or
Kilimanjaro”和“a
second
less
known
type
of
volcano
that
doesn’t
involve
mountain
building...a
vast
hole”可知，该段主要讲两类火山的形状。
60．What
does
the
underlined
word
“blow?up”
in
the
last
paragraph
most
probably
mean?
A．Hot?air
balloon.　　　
B．Digital
camera.
C．Big
photograph.
D．Bird’s
view.
【答案】C　【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“NASA
decided
to...by
taking
paragraphs
of
Yellowstone”和本段中的“As
soon
as
Christiansen
saw
the
photos,
he
realized
why
he
had
failed
to
spot
the
caldera:
almost
the
whole
park—2.2
million
acres—was
caldera.”可知，NASA拍摄了黄石国家公园的照片，Christiansen在照片上看到公园的全景。由此可推知，blow?up意为“放大的照片”。
题型四、推理判断题
1．推理判断题的考查形式通常为：
推断隐含含义；推断作者的观点和态度；推断写作目的和意图；推断文章的出处；推断文章中人物的性格态度等。
2．推理判断题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的能力。
【方法技巧】推理判断题的五大技巧：
1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段话中的关键信息，如关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断。做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断，确定最佳结论。
3．利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好这一点，就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。
4．根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者的思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词。
5．根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。
例4.(2019·江苏卷·C)Who
cares
if
people
think
wrongly
that
the
internet
has
had
more
important
influences
than
the
washing
machine?
Why
does
it
matter
that
people
are
more
impressed
by
the
most
recent
changes?
It
would
not
matter
if
these
misjudgments
were
just
a
matter
of
people’s
opinions.
However,
they
have
real
impacts,
as
they
result
in
misguided
use
of
scarce
resources.
The
fascination
with
the
ICT(Information
and
Communication
Technology)
revolution
represented
by
the
internet,
has
made
some
rich
countries
wrongly
conclude
that
making
things
is
so
“yesterday”
that
they
should
try
to
live
on
ideas.
This
belief
in
“post?industrial
society”
has
led
those
countries
to
neglect
their
manufacturing
sector(制造业),
with
negative
consequences
for
their
economies.
Even
more
worryingly,
the
fascination
with
the
internet
by
people
in
rich
countries
has
moved
the
international
community
to
worry
about
the
“digital
divide”
between
the
rich
countries
and
the
poor
countries.
This
has
led
companies
and
individuals
to
donate
money
to
developing
countries
to
buy
computer
equipment
and
internet
facilities.
The
question,
however,
is
whether
this
is
what
the
developing
countries
need
the
most.
Perhaps
giving
money
for
those
less
fashionable
things
such
as
digging
wells,
extending
electricity
networks
and
making
more
affordable
washing
machines
would
have
improved
people’s
lives
more
than
giving
every
child
a
laptop
computer
or
setting
up
internet
centres
in
rural
villages,
I
am
not
saying
that
those
things
are
necessarily
more
important,
but
many
donators
have
rushed
into
fancy
programmes
without
carefully
assessing
the
relative
long?term
costs
and
benefits
of
alternative
uses
of
their
money.
In
yet
another
example,
a
fascination
with
the
new
has
led
people
to
believe
that
the
recent
changes
in
the
technologies
of
communications
and
transportation
are
so
revolutionary
that
now
we
live
in
a
“borderless
world”.
As
a
result,
in
the
last
twenty
years
or
so,
many
people
have
come
to
believe
that
whatever
change
is
happening
today
is
the
result
of
great
technological
progress,
going
against
which
will
be
like
trying
to
turn
the
clock
back.
Believing
in
such
a
world,
many
governments
have
put
an
end
to
some
of
the
very
necessary
regulations
on
cross?border
flows
of
capital,
labour
and
goods,
with
poor
results.
Understanding
technological
trends
is
very
important
for
correctly
designing
economic
policies,
both
at
the
national
and
the
international
levels,
and
for
making
the
right
career
choices
at
the
individual
level.
However,
our
fascination
with
the
latest,
and
our
under?valuation
of
what
has
already
become
common,
can,
and
has,
led
us
in
all
sorts
of
wrong
directions.
【解题导语】　对新科技作用的误判可能会误导人们对已有的技术的认识和使用，影响对社会的认知。
61．Misjudgments
on
the
influences
of
new
technology
can
lead
to
________．
A．a
lack
of
confidence
in
technology
B．a
slow
progress
in
technology
C．a
conflict
or
public
opinions
D．a
waste
of
limited
resources
【答案】D　【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However，they
have
real
impacts,
as
they
result
in
misguided
use
of
scarce
resources.”可知，对新技术影响的误判导致了对稀缺资源的误用。故选D。
62．The
example
in
Paragraph
4
suggests
that
donators
should
________.
A．take
people’s
essential
needs
into
account
B．make
their
programmes
attractive
to
people
C．ensure
that
each
child
gets
financial
support
D．provide
more
affordable
internet
facilities
【答案】A　【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The
question，however，is
whether
this
is
what
the
developing
countries
need
the
most.
Perhaps
giving
money
for
those
less
fashionable
things
such
as
digging
wells,
extending
electricity
networks
and...in
rural
villages”可知，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本需求，而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品，受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故选A。
63．What
has
led
many
governments
to
remove
necessary
regulations?
A．Neglecting
the
impacts
of
technological
advances.
B．Believing
that
the
world
has
become
borderless.
C．Ignoring
the
power
of
economic
development.
D．Over?emphasizing
the
role
of
international
communication.
【答案】B　【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段可知，随着通信和交通运输技术的发展，人们认为我们生活在一个“无国界的世界”，由此许多政府取消了一些必要的规则。故选B。
64．What
can
we
learn
from
the
passage?
A．People
should
be
encouraged
to
make
more
donations.
B．Traditional
technology
still
has
a
place
nowadays.
C．Making
right
career
choices
is
crucial
to
personal
success.
D．Economic
policies
should
follow
technological
trends.
【答案】B　【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章最后一段中的“However,
our
fascination...wrong
directions.”可知，我们对最新技术的入迷，和对已经普遍存在的技术作用的低估会将我们引向错误的方向，即传统的技术在当今仍有着重要的作用。故选B。
专题05
阅读理解
I.应用文
1.
【2019·全国卷I，A】
Need
a
Job
This
Summer?
The
provincial
government
and
its
partners
offer
many
programs
to
help
students
find
summer
jobs.
The
deadlines
and
what
you
need
to
apply
depend
on
the
program.
Not
a
student?
Go
to
the
government
website
to
learn
about
programs
and
online
tools
available
to
help
people
under
30
build
skills,
find
a
job
or
start
businesses
all
year
round.
Jobs
for
Youth
If
you
are
a
teenager
living
in
certain
parts
of
the
province,
you
could
be
eligible(符合条件)for
this
program.
Which
provides
eight
weeks
of
paid
employment
along
with
training.
Who
is
eligible:
Youth
15-18
years
old
in
select
communities(社区).
Summer
Company
Summer
Company
provides
students
with
hands-on
business
training
and
awards
of
up
to
$3,000
to
start
and
run
their
own
summer
businesses.
Who
is
eligible:
Students
aged
15-29,
returning
to
school
in
the
fall.
Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
Program
You
could
apply
to
be
a
Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
and
work
on
local
natural
resource
management
projects
for
eight
weeks
this
summer.
Who
is
eligible:
Students
aged
16
or
17
at
time
of
hire,
but
not
turning
18
before
December
31
this
year.
Summer
Employment
Opportunities(机会)
Through
the
Summer
Employment
Opportunities
program,
students
are
hired
each
year
in
a
variety
of
summer
positions
across
the
Provincial
Public
Service,
its
related
agencies
and
community
groups.
Who
is
eligible:
Students
aged
15
or
older.
Some
positions
require
students
to
be
15
to
24
or
up
to
29
for
persons
with
a
disability.
21.
What
is
special
about
Summer
Company?
A.
It
requires
no
training
before
employment.
B.
It
provides
awards
for
running
new
businesses.
C.
It
allows
one
to
work
in
the
natural
environment.
D.
It
offers
more
summer
job
opportunities.
22.
What
is
the
age
range
required
by
Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
Program?
A.
15-18.
B.
15-24.
C.
15-29.
D.
16-17.
23.
Which
program
favors
the
disabled?
A.
Jobs
for
Youth.
B.
Summer
Company.
C.
Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
Program.
D.
Summer
Employment
Opportunities.
【语篇解读】本文为应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。
21.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer
Company部分中的“Summer
Company
provides
students
with
...awards
of
up
to
＄3,000
to
start
and
run
their
own
summer
businesses”
可知“Summer
Company为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。“start
and
run
their
own
summer
businesses”即“为开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的“runn
new
businesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。
22.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
Program部分中的第二段“Who
is
eligible:
Students
aged
16
or
17
at
time
of
hire,
but
not
turning
18
before
December
31
this
year.”可知“符合条件的学生：16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。
23.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer
Employment
Opportunities部分中的最后一段最后一句“Who
is
eligible:
...Some
positions
require
students
to
be
15to
24
or
up
to
29
for
persons
with
a
disability”,可知Summer
Employment
Opportunities有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。
2.
【2019·全国卷II，A】
My
Favourite
Books
Jo
Usmar
is
a
writer
for
Cosmopolitan
and
co-author
of
the
This
Book
Will
series(系列)of
lifestyle
books.
Here
she
picks
her
top
reads.
Matilda
Roald
Dahl
I
once
wrote
a
paper
on
the
influence
of
fairy
tales
on
Roald
Dahl's
writing
and
it
gave
me
a
new
appreciation
for
his
strange
and
delightful
words.
Matilda's
battles
with
her
cruel
me
parents
and
the
bossy
headmisres，Miss
Trunchbull，are
equally
fumy
and
frightening，but
they're
also
aspirational.
After
Dark
Haruki
Murakami
It’s
about
two
sisters-Eri，a
model
who
either
won’t
or
can’t
stop
sleeping，and
Mari,
a
young
student
.
In
trying
to
connect
to
her
sister.
Mari
starts
changing
her
life
and
discovers
a
world
of
diverse
”night
people”
who
are
hiding
secrets.
Gone
Girl
Gillian
Fynn
There
was
a
bit
of
me
that
didn't
want
to
love
this
when
everyone
else
on
the
planet
did
but
the
horror
story
is
brilliant.
There's
tension
and
anxiety
from
the
beginning
as
Nick
and
Amy
battle
for
your
trust.
It's
a
real
whodunit
and
the
frustration
when
you
realise
what's
going
on
is
horribly
enjoyable
The
Stand
Stephen
King
This
is
an
excellent
fantasy
novel
from
one
of
the
best
storytellers
around.
After
a
serious
flu
outbreak
wipes
out
99.4%
of
the
world's
population,
a
battle
unfolds
between
good
and
evil
among
those
let.
Randall
Flagg
is
one
of
the
scariest
characters
ever.
21.
Who
does
"I"
refer
to
in
the
text?
A.
Stephen
King.
B.
Gillian
Flynn.
C.
Jo
Usmar.
D.
Roald
Dahl
22.
Which
of
the
following
tells
about
Mari
and
Eri?
A.
Cosmopolitan.
B.
Matilda.
C.
After
Dark.
D.
The
Stand.
23.
What
kind
of
book
is
Gone
Girl?)
A.
A
folk
tale.
B.
A
biography.
C.
A
love
story.
D.
A
horror
story.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了作家Jo
Usmar最喜欢的书籍。
21.C
【解析】细节理解题。由Matilda中的“I
once
wrote
a
paper
on
the
influence
of
fairy
tales
on
Roald
Dahl’s
writing
and
it
gave
me
a
new
appreciation
for
his
strange
and
delightful
words”可知，我曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文，这篇论文让我对他奇怪而有趣的文字有了新的认识。所以Jo
Usmar在介绍Matilda这本书，用第一人称“I”口吻来说明自己曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文。所以“I”指的是Jo
Usmar。故C选项正确。
22.C
【解析】细节理解题。由After
Dark中的“It’s
about
two
sister-Eri,a
model
who
either
won’t
or
can’t
stop
sleeping,
and
Mari,a
young
student”可知，故事讲的是两个姐妹---Eri是一个突然一觉不醒的模特。玛丽，是一个充满青春活力的学生。所以After
Dark中讲述了Eri和Mari的故事。故C选项正确。
23.C
【解析】细节理解题。由Gone
Girl中的“......but
the
horror
story
is
brilliant”可知，但是这个恐怖的故事很精彩。所以Gone
Girl讲述的是一个恐怖故事。故D选项正确。
3.
【2019·全国卷III，A】
OPENINGS
AND
PREVIEWS
Animals
Out
of
Paper
Yolo！Productions
and
the
Great
Griffon
present
the
play
by
Rajiv
Joseph，in
which
an
origami(折纸术)artist
invites
a
teenage
talent
and
his
teacher
into
her
studio.
Merri
Milwe
directs.
In
previews.
Opens
Feb.12.(West
Park
Presbyterian
Church，165
W.86th
St.212-868-4444.)
The
Audience
Helen
Mirren
stars
in
the
play
by
Peter
Morgan，about
Queen
Elizabeth
II
of
the
UK
and
her
private
meetings
with
twelve
Prime
Ministers
in
the
course
of
sixty
years.
Stephen
Daldry
directs.
Also
starring
Dylan
Baker
and
Judith
Ivey.
Previews
begin
Feb.14.(Schoenfeld，236
W.45th
St.212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel
Miranda
wrote
this
musical
about
Alexander
Hamilton，in
which
the
birth
of
America
is
presented
as
an
immigrant
story.
Thomas
Kail
directs.
In
previews.
Opens
Feb.17.(Public，425
Lafayette
St.212-967-7555.)
On
the
Twentieth
Century
Kristin
Chenoweth
and
Peter
Gallagher
star
in
the
musical
comedy
by
Betty
Comden
and
Adolph
Green，about
a
Broadway
producer
who
tries
to
win
a
movie
star's
love
during
a
cross-country
train
journey.
Scott
Ellis
directs，for
Roundabout
Theatre
Company.
Previews
begin
Feb.12.(American
Airlines
Theatre，227
W.42nd
St.212-719-1300.)
21.
What
is
the
play
by
Rajiv
Joseph
probably
about?.
A.
A
type
of
art.
B.
A
teenager's
studio.
C.
A
great
teacher.
D.
A
group
of
animals.
22.
Who
is
the
director
of
The
Audience?
A.
Helen
Mirren.
B.
Peter
Morgan.
C.
Dylan
Baker.
D.
Stephen
Daldry.
23.
Which
play
will
you
go
to
if
you
are
interested
in
American
history?
A.
Animals
Out
of
Paper.
B.
The
Audience.
C.
Hamilton.
D.
On
the
Twentieth
Century.
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。这篇文章对一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映进行了介绍。
21.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧Animals
Out
of
Paper的Productions
and
the
Great
Griffon
present
the
play
by
Rajiv
Joseph,
in
which
an
origami
artist
invites
a
teenage
talent
and
his
teacher
into
her
studio.可知，Rajiv
Joseph创作的的话剧是关于折纸的一种艺术。故选A。
22.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧The
Audience的Stephen
Daldry
directs.可知，本剧是Stephen
Daldry导演的。故选D。
23.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧Hamilton
的Li-Manuel
Miranda
wrote
this
musical
about
Alexander
Hamilton
in
which
the
birth
of
America
is
presented
as
an
immigrant
story.可知，话剧Hamilton的主题是美国的诞生，由此可知，如果你对美国历史感兴趣，你可以看这部话剧。故选C。
4.
【2019·北京卷，A】
Want
to
explore
new
cultures，meet
new
people
and
do
something
worthwhile
at
the
same
time?
You
can
do
all
the
three
with
Global
Development
Association(GDA).Whatever
stage
of
life
you're
at，wherever
you
go
and
whatever
project
you
do
in
GDA，you'll
create
positive
changes
in
a
poor
and
remote
community(社区).
We
work
with
volunteers
of
all
ages
and
backgrounds.
Most
of
our
volunteers
are
aged
17-24.Now
we
need
volunteer
managers
aged
25-75.They
are
extremely
important
in
the
safe
and
effective
running
of
our
programmes.
We
have
such
roles
as
project
managers，mountain
leaders，and
communication
officers.
Depending
on
which
role
you
choose，you
could
help
to
increase
a
community's
access
to
safe
drinking
water，or
help
to
protect
valuable
local
cultures.
You
might
also
design
an
adventure
challenge
to
train
young
volunteers.
Not
only
will
you
help
our
young
volunteers
to
develop
personally，you'll
also
learn
new
skills
and
increase
your
cultural
awareness.
You
may
have
chances
to
meet
new
people
who'll
become
your
lifelong
friends.
This
summer
we
have
both
4-week
and
7-week
programmes:
Country
Schedule
4-week
programmes
7-week
programmes
Algeria
5
Jul.-
1Aug.
20Jun.
-7Aug.
Egypt
24
Jul-20
Aug.
19Jun.-6
Aug.
Kenya
20
Jul.-16Aug.
18
Jun.-5
Aug.
South
Africa
2Aug.-29
Aug.
15
Jun.-2Aug.
GDA
ensures
that
volunteers
work
with
community
members
and
local
project
partners
where
our
help
is
needed.
All
our
projects
aim
to
promote
the
development
of
poor
and
remote
communities.
There
is
no
other
chance
like
a
GDA
programme.
Join
us
as
a
volunteer
manager
to
develop
your
own
skills
while
bringing
benefits
to
the
communities.
Find
out
more
about
joining
a
GDA
programme:
Website:wwwglodeve.org
Email:humanresources@glodeve.org
31.
What
is
the
main
responsibility
of
volunteer
managers?
A.
To
seek
local
partners
B.
To
take
in
young
volunteers
C.
To
carry
out
programmes
D.
To
foster
cultural
awareness
32.
The
programme
beginning
in
August
will
operate
in__________.
A.
Egypt
B.
Algeria
C.
Kenya
D.
South
Afria
33.
The
shared
goal
of
GDA’s
projects
to
__________.
A.
explore
new
cultures
B.
protect
the
environment
C.
gain
corporate
benefit
D.
help
communities
in
need
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，这是一篇招聘志愿者的广告。
31.
C
细节理解题。题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么。根据第三段中Depending
on
which
role
you
choose,
you
could
help
to
increase
...,or
help
to
project....You
might
also
design...可知，根据岗位不同，管理人员可以帮助增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以判断出其主要职责是执行项目计划。故选C。
32.
D
细节理解题。题干问八月份开始的这个项目将在哪里开展。根据这个表格中4-week
programmes中的最后一个，可知答案选D。
33.
D
细节理解题。题干问GDA的所有项目的共同目的是什么。根据倒数第二段中All
our
projects
aim
to
promote
the
development
of
poor
and
remote
communities可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮助有需要的小区。故选D。
5.
【2019·天津卷，A】
History
Fair
Competition
Understanding
history
is
vital
to
understanding
ourselves
as
a
people
and
as
a
nation.
History
is
much
more
than
the
study
of
dusty
old
objects
and
events
long
past.
It
is
an
essential
part
of
who
we
are
today
and
who
we
will
become.
Thornton
fiddle
School
History
Fair
Competition
makes
understanding
history
exciting，engaging，and
fun！
This
Year's
Theme
All
participants
must
address
how
communication
or
transportation
technology
has
promoted
the
quality
of
life
for
Americans
throughout
history.
To
many
people，technology
means
computers，hand-held
devices，or
vehicles
that
travel
to
distant
planets.
However，technology
is
also
the
application
of
scientific
knowledge
to
solve
a
problem，touching
lives
in
countless
ways.
Individuals
or
groups
may
enter
one
of
the
following
categories：
·Performance
·Documentary（纪实作品）
·Essay
Writing
Category
Requirements
Performance:
A
dramatic
presentation
of
the
topic
no
more
than
10
minutes
long.
If
special
clothes
are
used，they
should
truly
represent
a
given
period.
Documentary:
A
visual
presentation（such
as
a
video，slide
show，or
computer
project）no
more
than
10
minutes
long.
A
desktop
computer，screen，projector，and
loudspeakers
will
be
available.
Students
must
provide
their
presentations
on
CDs
before
Friday，March
23.
Essay
Writing:
An
academic
paper
of
2，000
to
2，500
words.
No
illustrations（图解）are
allowed.
Please
do
not
include
covers.
A
list
of
references
must
be
included.
Important
Dates
January
5
Submit
a
topic
proposal
to
your
history
teacher.
The
teacher
may
require
a
second
proposal
if
the
first
is
off-topic
or
unclear.
February
5
Submit
a
first
draft
of
your
essay，performance
script（剧本），or
documentary
highlights.
February
19
A
committee
of
teachers
will
evaluate
materials
and
give
opinions.
Students
then
have
an
opportunity
to
improve
their
products.
March
9
Submit
a
final
draft
of
your
essay.
March
15
Performance
and
documentary
committee
preview
March
24
Thornton
Middle
School
History
Fair
Competition
7：00A.
M-9：00A.
M
Participants
signing
in
at
the
gym
10：00A.
M.
-6：petition
and
judges'
review
7：00P.M.
Awards
ceremony
and
picnic
36.
According
to
Paragraph
1，what
is
the
major
goal
of
understanding
history？
A.
To
preserve
national
traditions.
B.
To
prepare
for
a
history
competition.
C.
To
better
know
the
present
and
future.
D.
To
further
explore
historical
mysteries.
37.
What
is
the
theme
of
this
year's
competition？
A.
Technology
advances
science.
B.
Science
interacts
with
technology.
C.
Science
has
made
the
study
of
history
easy.
D.
Technology
has
improved
the
life
of
Americans.
38.
Among
the
items
provided
by
the
school
for
a
visual
presentation
are__________
A.
special
clothes
and
a
screen
B.
a
desktop
computer
and
a
CD
C.
a
projector
and
special
clothes
D.
a
desktop
computer
and
loudspeakers
39.
What
would
a
participant
have
to
do
with
an
essay
of
1,500
words
to
meet
the
category
requirement?
A.
Include
more
information
in
the
essay.
B.
Remove
the
references.
C.
Provide
a
cover
for
the
essay.
D.
Explain
the
details
with
illustrations.
40.
What
will
the
committee
of
teachers
do
on
February
19?
A.
Preview
performances
and
documentaries.
B.
Make
comments
on
the
materials.
C.
Improve
the
participant's
first
draft.
D.
Collect
a
second
proposal
from
the
participant.
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了桑顿中学举办的历史展览竞赛的相关信息。
36.
C
【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“It
is
an
essential
part
of
who
we
are
today
and
who
we
will
become”可知，历史告诉了今天我们是谁，将来我们要成为谁，它是我们重要的组成部分。所以根据第一段，了解历史的主要目地是更好地了解现在和未来。故C选项正确。
37.
D
【解析】细节理解题。由This
Year’s
Theme中的“All
participants
must
address
how
communication
or
transportation
technology
has
promoted
the
quality
of
life
for
Americans
throughout
history
”可知，所有的参与者都必须要说明通信或运输技术如何在整个历史过程中如何提高了美国人的生活质量。所以今年竞赛的主题是：技术提高了美国人的生活。故D选项正确。
38.
D
【解析】细节理解题。由Documentary中的“A
desktop
computer,
screen,
projector,
and
loudspeaker
will
be
available”可知，将提供台式电脑、屏幕、投影仪和扬声器。所以学校提供的视觉展示设备包括台式电脑和扩音器。故D选项正确。
39.
A
【解析】细节理解题。本题采用排除法。由Essay
Writing
中的“An
academic
paper
of
2,000
to
2,5000
words
”No
illustration
are
allowed。Please
do
not
include
covers.
A
list
of
references
must
be
included”可知，要求一份2000至25000字的学术论文。不允许有插图。请不要包括封面。必须包括一份参考文献列表。所以通过排除法，可以看出B，C，D选项都被排除，故一个参与者需要在文章中列入更多的信息才能使一篇1500字的论文满足类别要求。故A选项正确。
40.
B
【解析】细节理解题。由Important
Dates中的“February
19
A
committee
of
teachers
will
evaluate
materials
and
give
opinions
”可知，2月19日，教师委员会将对材料进行评估并发表意见。所以在2月19日。教师委员会将对材料做出评论。故B选项正确。
6.
【2019·江苏卷，A】
Whatever
your
age
or
interests,
Buxton
has
something
to
see
or
do
to
make
your
visit
truly
memorable.
High
energy
If
you
desire
physical
activities,
you
can
choose
activities
from
swimming
to
horse
riding.
Explore
the
heights
with
Go
Ape,
the
high
wire
forest
adventure
course,
or
journey
beneath
the
earth
at
Poole's
Cavern.
And
don't
forget:
we
are
surrounded
by
a
natural
playground
just
perfect
for
walking,
caving,
climbing
and
cycling.
High
minded
Buxton
is
justifiably
proud
of
its
cultural
life
and
you'
ll
find
much
to
suit
all
tastes
with
art,
music,
opera
and
the
performing
arts
at
Buxton
Opera
House
&
Pavilion
Arts
Centre
and
Green
Man
Gallery.
There
are
plenty
of
opportunities
for
the
creative
person
to
become
involved,
including
workshops
and
events.
Keeping
the
kids
happy
Children
love
the
small
train
and
playgrounds
in
the
Pavilion
Gardens
and
there’s
plenty
more
to
explore
at
the
Buxton
Museum.
There's
a
new
indoor
play
centre,
plus
the
special
events
and
workshops,
and
others
during
school
holiday
periods
56.
If
you
want
to
take
an
underground
journey,
which
place
is
the
best
choice?
A.
Pole's
Caven.
B.
Pavilion
Gardens.
C.
Buxton
Museum.
D.
Green
Man
Gallery.
57.
Buxton
Open
House
&
Pavilion
Arts
Centre
is
special
because
it
offers
________.
A.
rides
in
small
trains
B.
courses
in
modern
arts
C.
artistic
and
cultural
activities
D.
basic
courses
in
horse
riding
【语篇解读】这是一篇说应用文。短文向游客介绍了去布克斯顿旅游可以去的一些景点的相关信息。
56.A
【解析】细节理解题。由High
energy中的“......
journey
beneath
the
earth
at
Poole's
Cavern”可知，在
Poole's
Cavern，可以在地下旅行，也就是乘坐地铁旅行。所以如果你想乘地铁旅行，Poole's
Cavern是你最好的选择。故A选项正确。
57.C
【解析】细节理解题。由High
minded中的“Buxton
is
justifiably
proud
of
it’s
cultural
life
and
you
will
find
much
to
suit
all
tastes
with
art
,music,opera,and
the
performing
arts
at
Buxton
Opera
House&Pavilion
Arts
Center
and
Green
Man
Gallery”可知，Buxton
以其丰富的文化生活而自豪，在Buxton
Opera
House&Pavilion
Arts
Center
and
Green
Man
Gallery，您将发现许多适合各种品味的艺术、音乐、歌剧和表演艺术。所以Buxton
Opera
House&Pavilion
Arts
Center特别是因为它提供艺术和文化活动。故C选项正确。
II.记叙文
1.
【2019·全国卷I，B】
For
Canaan
Elementary’s
second
grade
in
Patchogue,
N.Y.，today
is
speech
day
,and
right
now
it’s
Chris
Palaez’s
turn.
The
8-year-old
is
the
joker
of
the
class.
With
shining
dark
eyes,
he
seems
like
the
of
kid
who
would
enjoy
public
speaking.
But
he’s,
nervous.“I’m
here
to
tell
you
today
why
you
should
…
should…”Chris
trips
on
the“-ld,”a.
pronunciation
difficulty
for
many
non-native
English
speakers.
His
teacher
,Thomas
Whaley
,is
next
to
him,
whispering
support.“…Vote
for
…me
…”Except
for
some
stumbles,
Chris
is
doing
amazingly
well.
When
he
brings
his
speech
to
a
nice
conclusion
,Whaley
invites
the
rest
of
the
class
to
praise
him.
A
son
of
immigrants,
Chris
stared
learning
English
a
little
over
three
years
ago.
Whaley
recalls(回想起)how
at
the
beginning
of
the
year，when
called
upon
to
read，Chris
would
excuse
himself
to
go
to
the
bathroom.
Learning
English
as
a
second
language
can
be
a
painful
experience.
What
you
need
is
a
great
teacher
who
lets
you
make
mistakes.
“It
takes
a
lot
for
any
student，”
Whaley
explains，“especially
for
a
student
who
is
learning
English
as
their
new
language，to
feel
confident
enough
to
say，‘I
don’t
know，but
I
want
to
know.’”
Whaley
got
the
idea
of
this
second-grade
presidential
campaign
project
when
he
asked
the
children
one
day
to
raise
their
hands
if
they
thought
they
could
never
be
a
president.
The
answer
broke
his
heart.
Whaley
says
the
project
is
about
more
than
just
learning
to
read
and
speak
in
public.
He
wants
these
kids
to
learn
to
boast(夸耀)about
themselves.
“Boasting
about
yourself，and
your
best
qualities,”
Whaley
says，“is
very
difficult
for
a
child
who
came
into
the
classroom
not
feeling
confident.”
24.
What
made
Chris
nervous？
A.
Telling
a
story.
B.
Making
a
speech.
C.
Taking
a
test.
D.
Answering
a
question.
25.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“stumbles”
in
paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.
Improper
pauses.
B.
Bad
manners.
C.
Spelling
mistakes.
D.
Silly
jokes.
26.
We
can
infer
that
the
purpose
of
Whaley’s
project
is
to
_________.
A.
help
students
see
their
own
strengths
B.
assess
students’
public
speaking
skills
C.
prepare
students
for
their
future
jobs
D.
inspire
students’
love
for
politics
27.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
Whaley
as
a
teacher?
A.
Humorous.
B.
Ambitious.
C.
Caring.
D.
Demanding.
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述Thomas
Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程。
24.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段today
is
speech
day和本段最后一句with
shining
dark
eyes,
he
seems
like
the
kind
of
kids
who
would
enjoy
public
speaking.
以及第二段第一句But
he’s
nervous.可知，Chris眼睛黑亮，似乎是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知Chris是因为做演讲紧张，故选B。
25.A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段
“I’m
here
to
tell
you
today
why
you
should…should…”
Chris
trips
on
the
“-ld”,
a
pronunciation
difficulty
for
many
non-native
English
speakers.
以及后文except
for
some
stumbles,
Chris
is
doing
amazingly
well
可知,
Chris
发ld比较困难，这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难，总体来说Chris做得出奇的好。根据前文可知，ld发音不准，因此有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选A。
26.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley
says
the
project
is
about
more
than
just
learning
to
read
and
speak
in
public.
He
wants
these
kids
to
learn
to
boast
about
themselves.以及最后一段
“boasting
about
yourself,
and
your
best
qualities,”
Whaley
says,
“is
very
difficult
for
a
child
who
came
into
the
classroom
not
feeling
confident.”可知，这个课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没有信心的学生来说很困难，故可知，Whaley老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势增加信心，故选A。
27.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley
got
the
idea
of
this
second-grade
presidential
campaign
project
when
he
asked
the
children
one
day
to
raise
their
hands
if
they
thought
they
could
never
be
a
president.和最后一段He
wants
these
kids
to
learn
to
boast
about
themselves可知，当他有一天问学生认为自己当不了总统请举手的时候，想到了一个想法，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。humorous
幽默的，
ambitious
有雄心壮志的；caring
关心的；demanding要求高的。故选C。
2.
【2019·全国卷II，B】
“You
can
use
me
as
a
last
resort(选择),
and
if
nobody
else
volunteers，then
I
will
do
it.”
This
was
an
actual
reply
from
a
parent
after
I
put
out
a
request
for
volunteers
for
my
kids
lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
I
guess
that
there's
probably
some
demanding
work
schedule,
or
social
anxiety
around
stepping
up
to
help
for
an
unknown
sport.
She
may
just
need
a
little
persuading.
So
I
try
again
and
tug
at
the
heartstrings.
I
mention
the
single
parent
with
four
kids
running
the
show
and
I
talk
about
the
dad
coaching
a
team
that
his
kids
aren’t
even
on
…
At
this
point
the
unwilling
parent
speaks
up,“Alright.
Yes,
I’ll
do
it.”
I’m
secretly
relieved
because
I
know
there’s
real
power
in
sharing
volunteer
responsibilities
among
many.
The
unwilling
parent
organizes
the
meal
schedule,
sends
out
emails,
and
collects
money
for
end-of-season
gifts.
Somewhere
along
the
way,
the
same
parent
ends
up
becoming
an
invaluable
member
of
the
team.
The
coach
is
able
to
focus
on
the
kids
while
the
other
parents
are
relieved
to
be
off
the
hook
for
another
season.
Handing
out
sliced
oranges
to
bloodthirsty
kids
can
be
as
exciting
as
watching
your
own
kid
score
a
goal.
Still,
most
of
us
volunteers
breathe
a
sigh
of
relief
when
the
season
comes
to
a
close.
That
relief
is
coupled
with
a
deep
understanding
of
why
the
same
people
keep
coming
back
for
more:
Connecting
to
the
community(社区)as
you
freely
give
your
time,
money,
skills,
or
services
provides
a
real
joy.
Volunteering
just
feels
so
good.
In
that
sense,
I’m
pretty
sure
volunteering
is
more
of
a
selfish
act
than
I’d
freely
like
to
admit.
However,
if
others
benefit
in
the
process,
and
I
get
some
reward
too,
does
it
really
matter
where
my
motivation
lies?
24.
What
can
we
infer
about
the
parent
from
her
reply
in
paragraph
l？
A.
She
knows
little
about
the
club.
B.
She
isn't
good
at
sports.
C.
She
just
doesn't
want
to
volunteer.
D.
She's
unable
to
meet
her
schedule.
25.
What
does
the
underlined
phrase“tug
at
the
heartstrings”in
paragraph
2
mean
?
A.
Encourage
team
work.
B.
Appeal
to
feeling.
C.
Promote
good
deeds.
D.
Provide
advice.
26.
What
can
we
learn
about
the
parent
from
paragraph
3?
A.
She
gets
interested
in
lacrosse.
B.
She
is
proud
of
her
kids.
C.
She’ll
work
for
another
season.
D.
She
becomes
a
good
helper.
27.
Why
does
the
author
like
doing
volunteer
work?
A.
It
gives
her
a
sense
of
duty.
B.
It
makes
her
very
happy.
C.
It
enables
her
to
work
hard.
D.
It
brings
her
material
rewards.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。
24.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的
You
can
use
me
as
a
last
resort（选择）,
and
if
nobody
else
volunteers，then
I
will
do
it.可知，你可以当我是最后的候选人，如果没有其他的志愿者，那么我就做。由此可推断出，她不想做自愿者。故选C。
25.B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线前句she
may
just
need
a
little
persuading.和下面的一句话I
mention
the
single
parent
with
four
kids
running
the
show
and
I
talk
about
the
dad
coaching
a
team
that
his
kids
aren't
even
on
...可知，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。
26.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及the
same
parent
ends
up
becoming
an
invaluable
member
of
the
team可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也即是说，她成了一个好帮手。故选D。
27.B
【解析】细节理解题。题干问作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作。根据第四最两句Connecting
to
the
community（社区）as
you
freely
give
your
time,
money,
skills,
or
services
provides
a
real
joy.
Volunteering
just
feels
so
good.可知，为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐，
参加志愿者活动活动能让人感觉快乐。故选B。
3.
【2019·全国卷III，C】
Before
the
1830smost
newspapers
were
sold
through
annual
subscriptions
in
America,
usually
$8
to
$10
a
year.
Today
$8
or
$10
seems
a
small
amount
of
money,
but
at
that
time
these
amounts
were
forbidding
to
most
citizens.
Accordingly,
newspapers
were
read
almost
only
by
rich
people
in
politics
or
the
trades.
In
addition,
most
newspapers
had
little
in
them
that
would
appeal
to
a
mass
audience.
They
were
dull
and
visually
forbidding.
But
the
revolution
that
was
taking
place
in
the
1830s
would
change
all
that.
The
trend,
then,
was
toward
the
"penny
paper"-a
term
referring
to
papers
made
widely
available
to
the
public.
It
meant
any
inexpensive
newspaper;
perhaps
more
importantly
it
meant
newspapers
that
could
be
bought
in
single
copies
on
the
street.
This
development
did
not
take
place
overnight.
It
had
been
possible(but
not
easy)to
buy
single
copies
of
newspapers
before
1830,but
this
usually
meant
the
reader
had
to
go
down
to
the
printer's
office
to
purchase
a
copy.
Street
sales
were
almost
unknown.
However,
within
a
few
years,
street
sales
of
newspapers
would
be
commonplace
in
eastern
cities.
At
first
the
price
of
single
copies
was
seldom
a
penny-usually
two
or
three
cents
was
charged-and
some
of
the
older
well-known
papers
charged
five
or
six
cents.
But
the
phrase
"penny
paper
"
caught
the
public's
fancy,
and
soon
there
would
be
papers
that
did
indeed
sell
for
only
a
penny.
This
new
trend
of
newspapers
for
"the
man
on
the
street"
did
not
begin
well.
Some
of
the
early
ventures(企业)were
immediate
failures.
Publishers
already
in
business,
people
who
were
owners
of
successful
papers,
had
little
desire
to
change
the
tradition.
It
took
a
few
youthful
and
daring
businessmen
to
get
the
ball
rolling.
28.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
newspapers
in
America
before
the
1830s?
A.
Academic.
B.
Unattractive.
C.
Inexpensive.
D.
Confidential.
29.
What
did
street
sales
mean
to
newspapers?
A.
They
would
be
priced
higher.
B.
They
would
disappear
from
cities.
C.
They
could
have
more
readers.
D.
They
could
regain
public
trust.
30.
Who
were
the
newspapers
of
the
new
trend
targeted
at?
A.
Local
politicians.
B.
Common
people.
C.
Young
publishers.
D.
Rich
businessmen.
31.
What
can
we
say
about
the
bi