Unit
4
Space
Exploration
课时素养检测
十三 Unit
4 Period
1
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
Modern
day
robots
may
not
be
as
entertaining
as
R2D2
or
the
robot
from
Lost
in
Space,
but
robots
are
very
important
to
space
exploration
and
are
being
used
in
a
variety
of
different
ways
for
several
important
reasons.
Robots
make
great
explorers
on
planets,
moons,
and
other
landing
areas.
Aside
from
the
earth,
just
about
every
surface
in
the
solar
system
is
unsafe
for
humans
to
explore.
The
air
on
most
other
planets
is
insufficient
for
humans
to
breathe,
making
it
necessary
to
wear
a
space
suit
and
oxygen
equipment.
The
temperatures
on
these
surfaces
are
much
too
hot
or
much
too
cold
for
any
humans
to
withstand.
Plus
there
would
be
complications
with
radiation,
weather,
and
a
lack
of
gravity.
Robots
have
much
less
limitation
in
these
areas
and
can
survive
much
longer
under
these
conditions.
Robots
are
designed
for
collecting
scientific
data.
Robots
are
also
able
to
perform
many
tasks
at
one
time
and
can
process
information
much
quicker
and
more
efficiently.
Important
scientific
projects
from
detecting
minerals,
analyzing
ground
samples,
to
finding
water
are
all
performed
much
quicker
and
accurately
by
robots.
The
use
of
robots
has
made
the
cost
of
space
exploration
much
less
expensive
than
it
would
cost
for
humans
to
do
the
work.
In
order
to
successfully
send
humans
into
space
we
would
need
to
build
a
vehicle
that
can
not
only
carry
humans,
but
also
enough
food
and
water
to
keep
them
alive
for
the
duration
of
the
trip.
Moreover,
robots
have
no
problems
working
for
hours
on
end.
Robots
never
complain,
they
don’t
require
food
or
water,
and
they
never
need
a
bathroom
break.
Over
the
past
30
years
or
so
there
have
been
many
different
types
of
robots
used
successfully
in
the
exploration
of
space.
Perhaps
the
most
famous
and
successful
robots
are
Spirit
and
Opportunity
who
have
both
been
exploring
the
surface
of
Mars.
They
have
both
been
very
successful
with
experiments
on
soil
and
rocks
and
have
even
found
evidence
of
water
in
Mars’
history.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,
介绍了机器人对太空探索非常重要,
机器人正被用于太空探索。
1.
Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
The
Development
of
Robots
B.
The
Discovery
of
Space
Exploration
C.
No
Robots,
No
Space
Exploration
D.
Robots
Are
Used
in
Space
Exploration
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“but
robots
are
very
important
to
space
exploration
and
are
being
used
in
a
variety
of
different
ways
for
several
important
reasons”可知,
本文主要介绍了机器人正被用于太空探索,
故D项正确。
2.
According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true?
A.
The
use
of
robots
in
space
exploration
costs
more
than
the
use
of
humans.
B.
It
is
dangerous
for
humans
to
explore
other
surfaces
in
the
solar
system
except
the
earth.
C.
Both
Spirit
and
Opportunity
have
found
the
evidence
of
water
on
Mars.
D.
Many
different
types
of
robots
have
explored
the
space
successfully.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The
use
of
robots
has
made
the
cost
of
space
exploration
much
less
expensive
than
it
would
cost
for
humans
to
do
the
work.
”可知,
用机器人进行太空探索的花费比人类从事这项工作的花费更少,
故选A。
3.
The
underlined
word
“withstand”
in
Paragraph
2
most
probably
means
“______”.
?
A.
remain
B.
bear
C.
defeat
D.
develop
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The
temperatures
on
these
surfaces
are
much
too
hot
or
much
too
cold
for
any
humans
to”可知,
温度太高或太低,
任何人都无法忍受,
由此可知画线词词义为“忍受”,
故选B。
4.
What
is
the
writer’s
attitude
in
this
passage?
A.
Negative.
B.
Persuasive.
C.
Subjective.
D.
Objective.
【解析】选D。观点态度题。纵观全文可知,
作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的应用,
并没有带任何自己的主观看法。故选D。
B
Space
is
where
our
future
is
—trips
to
the
Moon,
Mars
and
beyond.
Most
people
would
think
that
aside
from
comets
and
stars,
there
was
little
else
out
there.
But,
since
our
space
journey
started
we
have
left
so
much
trash
there
that
scientists
are
now
concerned
that
if
we
don’t
clean
it
up,
we
may
all
be
in
great
danger.
The
first
piece
of
space
junk
was
created
in
1964,
when
the
American
satellite
Vanguard
Ⅰ
stopped
operating
and
lost
its
connection
with
the
ground
center.
However,
since
it
kept
orbiting
around
the
Earth
without
any
results,
scientists
became
increasingly
comfortable
abandoning
things
that
no
longer
served
any
useful
purposes
in
space.
It
is
said
that
there
are
now
over
500,
000
pieces
of
man-made
trash
orbiting
the
Earth
at
speeds
of
up
to
17,
500
miles
per
hour.
The
junk
varies
from
tiny
pieces
of
paint
chipped
off
rockets
to
cameras,
huge
fuel
tanks,
and
even
odd
items
like
the
million-dollar
tool
kit
that
astronaut
Heidemarie
Stefanyshyn
Piper
lost
during
a
spacewalk.
The
major
problem
with
the
space
trash
is
that
it
may
hit
working
satellites
and
damage
traveling
spaceships.
Moreover,
pieces
of
junk
may
crash
with
each
other
and
break
into
pieces
which
fall
back
to
the
Earth.
To
avoid
this,
scientists
have
invented
several
ways
for
clearing
the
sky.
Ground
stations
have
been
built
to
monitor
larger
pieces
of
space
trash
to
prevent
them
from
crashing
into
working
satellites
or
space
shuttles.
Future
plans
include
a
cooperative
effort
among
many
nations
to
stop
littering
in
space
and
to
clean
up
the
trash
already
there.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空被人类航空废弃物污染的现状。各国开始重视太空垃圾造成的问题以及带来的风险和危害并着手解决这一问题。
5.
What
was
the
first
piece
of
man-made
space
trash?
A.
A
camera.
B.
A
tool
kit.
C.
A
fuel
tank.
D.
A
broken
satellite.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知,
第一片人造太空垃圾是一个坏了的卫星,
故选D。
6.
Why
were
scientists
NOT
concerned
about
space
trash
in
the
beginning?
A.
It
no
longer
served
any
useful
purposes.
B.
It
was
millions
of
miles
away
from
the
Earth.
C.
It
did
not
cause
any
problems.
D.
It
was
regarded
as
similar
to
comets
and
stars.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,
科学家最初没有关心太空垃圾,
是因为它没有造成任何问题,
故选C。
7.
What
can
we
conclude
from
the
passage
about
space
junk?
A.
It
is
huge,
heavy
machines.
B.
It
never
changes
position.
C.
It
floats
slowly
around
the
Earth.
D.
It
may
cause
problems
for
space
shuttles.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段并结合选项可知,
太空垃圾可能会给航天飞机带来问题。故选D。
8.
What
has
been
done
about
the
space
trash
problem?
A.
Scientists
have
cleaned
up
most
of
the
trash.
B.
Large
pieces
of
space
trash
are
being
closely
watched.
C.
Many
nations
have
worked
together
to
stop
polluting
space.
D.
Ground
stations
are
built
to
help
store
the
trash
properly
in
space.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Ground
stations
have
been
built
to
monitor.
.
.
”可知,
现阶段比较大的太空垃圾正在被严密监控,
故选B。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
阅读下面短文,
从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2020·天水高一检测)
History
is
a
record
of
what
has
happened
in
the
past.
1
The
really
fascinating
thing
is
that
much
of
history
has
been
repeated
time
and
again.
It
allows
us
to
learn
from
the
past,
both
the
mistakes
made
and
the
successes
achieved.
?
One
of
the
benefits
of
history
is
reading
how
other
people
both
famous
and
totally
unknown
have
overcome
great
challenges
in
their
life.
These
challenges,
although
particular
to
a
person,
or
to
a
certain
time
in
the
past,
or
occurring
in
a
different
country
or
culture,
all
convey(传达)
the
same
thing.
2
?
3
He
met
with
many
failures
on
the
road
to
finally
inventing
the
modern-day
light
bulb.
He
could
be
held
out
as
an
example
of
a
person
who
never
gave
up.
4
However,
he
did
not
let
those
failures
stop
him.
He
had
a
dream
and
he
just
kept
trying
different
things
until
he
did
reach
success.
?
Or,
consider
the
story
of
Abraham
Lincoln
who
managed
to
become
President
of
the
United
States
even
though
he
suffered
many
setbacks
and
personal
losses.
Most
of
us
only
realize
the
success
of
Mr
Lincoln
becoming
President.
5
His
life
was
not
an
easy
one.
His
story
is
one
that
motivates
us
to
keep
moving
forward
no
matter
what
obstacles
we
have
in
life.
?
A.
It
has
a
lot
of
influence
on
us.
B.
Take
the
story
of
Thomas
Edison
as
an
example.
C.
It
has
some
very
unique
qualities
about
it.
D.
I
am
sure
he
was
discouraged
by
his
many
failures.
E.
They
convey
wisdom
in
their
short
stories
of
perseverance(毅力).
F.
Few
of
us
know
about
the
many
challenges
he
had
to
overcome.
G.
Only
those
with
courage
to
face
challenges
can
hope
to
live
their
dreams.
【语篇概述】
历史是对过去发生的事情的记录。从这些事情中,
我们可以学到人类犯过的错误和取得的成就。
1.
【解析】选C。空格前面一句说的是历史是对过去发生的事情的记录。根据空格后的“The
really
fascinating
thing
is
that.
.
.
”可知,
空格处说的是历史有许多独特性。
2.
【解析】选E。根据前一句“.
.
.
all
convey
the
same
thing.
”可知这一句要具体解释什么是“同样的事情”。
3.
【解析】选B。本段主要讲的是爱迪生的故事。由空格后的内容可知前面应该是以爱迪生为例。
4.
【解析】选D。由空格后的转折词However可知,
前后句子是转折关系,
空格处应该为“爱迪生肯定为他的多次失败感到气馁过”。
5.
【解析】选F。根据空格前“Most
of
us
only
realize
the
success
of
Mr
Lincoln
becoming
President.
”可知空格处应为“很少有人知道他必须克服的许多挑战”。
【素养培优】
阅读课文,
根据其内容写一篇80词左右的内容概要。
Scientists
keep
exploring
space
for
many
years
and
have
achieved
development.
?
In
1957,
USSR
launched
the
first
satellite
into
space,
orbiting
around
Earth.
In
1961,
Yuri
Gagarin
became
the
first
person
in
the
world
to
be
sent
into
space.
In
1969,
US
astronaut
Neil
Armstrong
set
foot
on
the
moon.
?
China
has
also
made
great
progress
in
space.
In
2003,
Yang
Liwei
was
independently
sent
into
space.
?
Despite
many
risks
and
difficulties,
scientists
are
determined
to
further
study
other
planets.
?
阅读理解
The
earth
is
the
only
planet
that
scientists
think
has
life.
Why
does
the
earth
have
life
while
the
other
planets
don’t?
For
one
thing,
the
earth
has
the
right
temperature.
As
the
third
planet
from
the
sun,
the
earth
seems
to
be
just
the
right
distance
away.
The
planets
which
are
closer
to
the
sun
are
so
hot
that
their
surfaces
bake
in
the
sun.
The
farthest
planets
are
cold
balls.
?
When
the
earth
developed—which
scientists
believe
may
have
happened
about
4
billion
years
ago—many
gases
covered
the
earth.
The
gases
caused
the
earth
to
be
hot.
But
something
wonderful
happened.
The
temperature
was
just
right
for
thick
clouds
to
form.
It
rained
very
hard
for
a
very
long
time.
This
gave
the
earth
its
oceans.
Water
made
it
possible
for
plants
to
grow.
The
plants
created
oxygen
in
the
atmosphere.
Oxygen
is
the
gas
that
humans
and
animals
breathe.
Only
one
other
planet
in
the
solar
system
seems
to
be
something
like
the
earth.
That
planet
is
the
Mars.
The
Mars
is
smaller
than
the
earth,
and
it
is
quite
a
bit
cooler.
But
it
is
not
too
cold
for
humans.
On
some
days,
the
temperature
is
as
low
as
a
winter
day
in
the
northern
United
States.
If
you
wore
a
special
spacesuit,
you
could
walk
around
on
the
Mars.
You
would
have
to
bring
your
own
air
to
breathe,
because
the
air
on
the
Mars
is
too
thin
to
breathe.
The
Mars
has
the
largest
volcano
(火山)
in
the
solar
system.
It
is
sixteen
miles
high.
The
highest
volcano
on
the
earth
is
five
miles
high.
The
most
unexpected
sight
on
the
Mars
is
dried-up
river
beds.
Scientists
believe
that
the
Mars
was
once
much
better
than
it
is
now.
Does
this
mean
there
could
have
been
living
things
on
the
Mars?
Scientists
are
not
sure,
but
there
has
been
no
sign
so
far.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生命存在于地球的原因及火星的情况。
1.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
the
reason
why
the
earth
has
life?
A.
The
earth
has
the
right
temperature.
B.
The
volcanoes
on
the
earth
are
lower
than
those
on
the
Mars.
C.
There
is
oxygen
in
the
atmosphere
of
the
earth.
D.
The
earth
seems
to
be
just
the
right
distance
away
from
the
sun.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。文中提到地球是科学家认为的唯一有生命存在的太阳系行星,
其原因包括地球温度合适、距太阳距离适中和大气里含有氧气等。B项火山与此无关。
2.
The
underlined
phrase
“the
third
planet”
in
the
first
paragraph
refers
to
______.
?
A.
the
Sun B.
the
Moon
C.
the
Earth
D.
the
Mars
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“the
earth
seems
to
be.
.
.
”可知距离太阳第三远的行星指的是地球。
3.
What
can
not
we
conclude
from
the
passage
about
the
Mars?
A.
There
could
have
been
living
things
on
the
Mars.
B.
The
Mars
has
the
largest
volcano
in
the
solar
system.
C.
There
is
almost
no
oxygen
in
the
air
on
the
Mars.
D.
The
Mars
is
smaller
than
the
earth,
and
it
is
quite
a
bit
cooler.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Does
this
mean
there
could
have
been
living
things
on
the
Mars?
Scientists
are
not
sure,
but
there
has
been
no
sign
so
far.
可知A项所述从文章中无法推断出来。
4.
Which
of
the
following
is
probably
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
The
Earth
B.
The
Moon
C.
Planets
in
the
Solar
System
D.
The
Mars
is
Most
Like
the
Earth
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。文章先说明地球上存在生命的原因,
又对比了火星和地球,
说明火星是与地球最相似的行星。D项作标题最为恰当。
PAGEUnit
4
Space
Exploration
课时素养检测
十四 Unit
4 Period
2
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
China’s
first
astronaut
38-year-old
Yang
Liwei
returned
safely
to
earth
Thursday
morning,
when
his
craft
Shenzhou
5
touched
down
as
scheduled
after
more
than
21
hours
in
the
earth’s
orbit.
Chinese
premier
Wen
Jiabao
called
the
landmark
debut
flight
a
“complete
success”.
The
descent
capsule(返回舱)
carrying
Lt.
Col.
Yang
Liwei
touched
down
on
the
grasslands
of
the
Gobi
Desert,
in
central
Inner
Mongolia
at
6:
23
am
Thursday
(Beijing
Time),
the
Beijing-based
China’s
Aerospace
Command
and
Control
Centre
said.
Minutes
later,
Yang
grabbed
the
capsule
hatch
with
his
hand,
pulled
himself
out,
smiled
and
waved
at
recovery
teams
and
reporters.
“It
is
a
splendid
moment
in
the
history
of
my
motherland
and
also
the
greatest
day
of
my
life,
”
Yang,
a
former
fighter
pilot
from
Northeast
China’s
Liaoning
Province,
said
immediately
after
emerging.
In
an
interview
with
CCTV,
China’s
state
television,
Yang
said
he
was
“feeling
excellent”.
Shenzhou
5
landed
at
dawn,
4.
8
kilometres
(3
miles)
from
its
designed
landing
target,
the
officials
said.
“The
spaceship
operated
well,
”
the
astronaut
Yang
Liwei
said
in
his
first
publicized
comments.
“I
feel
very
good
and
I
am
proud
of
my
motherland.
”
After
a
physical
exam
on
the
spot,
Yang’s
condition
was
found
as
“good”.
Li
Jinai,
the
commander
of
China’s
manned
space
program,
called
Yang
a
“space
hero”
and
a
“national
hero”.
Following
Yang’s
touchdown,
China’s
premier
Wen
Jiabao
immediately
spoke
to
Yang
from
Beijing’s
command
and
control
centre
and
offered
his
congratulations.
Within
hours,
Chinese
space
officials
announced
that
the
country’s
space
dreams
will
continue
with
a
“Shenzhou
6”
mission,
most
possibly
within
a
year.
They
said
China
also
had
worked
out
plans
to
conduct
space
walking
by
its
astronauts,
and
eventually
would
build
up
a
space
station.
However,
Chinese
scientists
ruled
out
building
a
space
shuttle,
like
the
United
States.
Yang’s
flight
came
four
decades
after
the
former
Soviet
Union
and
the
United
States
pioneered
manned
spaceflight.
Soviet
cosmonaut
Yuri
Gagarin
orbited
the
Earth
in
April
1961.
One
month
later,
the
United
States
launched
Alan
B.
Shepard
Jr.
【语篇概述】本文介绍了中国首次载人航天飞行的情况。
1.
What
is
true
of
the
first
Chinese
astronaut
Yang
Liwei?
A.
He
is
now
a
fighter
pilot.
B.
He
was
helped
to
get
out
of
the
descent
capsule.
C.
He
spent
nearly
a
day
in
space.
D.
He
was
called
a
“space
hero”
and
a
“national
hero”
by
China’s
premier
Wen
Jiabao.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的after
more
than
21
hours
in
the
earth’s
orbit可知,
C项正确。
2.
China
will
carry
out
the
following
space
programs
in
the
near
future
except
______.
?
A.
space
walking
B.
setting
up
a
space
station
C.
building
up
a
space
shuttle
D.
sending
up
“Shenzhou
6”
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的Chinese
scientists
ruled
out
building
a
space
shuttle可以知道,
中国在近期不打算建航天飞机。其中的
ruled
out
意为“排除,
取消”。
3.
The
underlined
word
“debut”
means
______.
?
A.
first
public
appearance
B.
space
C.
carrying
person
D.
spaceship
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。从短文中我们知道,
这是中国第一次载人航天飞行,
由此可推测出,
debut为“首次亮相”
之意。
4.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true?
A.
Soviet
cosmonaut
Yuri
Gagarin
was
the
first
man
in
the
world
to
travel
in
space.
B.
the
United
States
launched
Alan
B.
Shepard
Jr.
in
1961.
C.
China
is
the
third
country
in
the
world
to
carry
out
the
manned
space
flight
successfully.
D.
“Shenzhou
6”
will
carry
more
than
one
astronaut
in
the
mission.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。选项A、B、C在短文中均有提及。D没有提到。
B
An
exciting
landing
process
of
Chang’e-4
lunar
probe
(月球探测器)
was
seen
through
the
monitor
at
Beijing
Aerospace
Control
Centre
in
Beijing,
Jan.
3,
2019.
It
touched
down
on
the
far
side
of
the
moon
at
10:
26
a.
m.
Beijing
Time,
becoming
the
first
spacecraft
soft-landing
on
the
moon’s
unknown
side
never
visible
from
Earth.
China’s
Chang’e-4
probe
has
started
the
exploration
on
the
far
side
of
the
moon
thanks
to
the
relay
satellite
that
provides
a
communication
link
with
ground
control.
The
relay
satellite,
named
Queqiao,
meaning
Magpie
Bridge,
after
a
Chinese
legend
(传说
)
,
was
launched
on
May
21,
2018,
and
became
the
first
communication
satellite
operating
in
the
halo
orbit,
nearly
500,
000
km
from
the
earth.
It
can
also
provide
communication
for
probes
from
other
countries.
The
relay
satellite
will
also
be
used
for
scientific
and
technological
experiments.
The
maximum
distance
between
the
satellite
and
the
Chang’e-4
probe
on
the
far
side
of
the
moon
is
79,
000
km.
The
satellite
processes
data
from
the
probe
and
sends
it
to
Earth.
The
satellite
can
stay
in
its
orbit
for
a
long
time
due
to
its
relatively
low
fuel
consumption,
as
the
earth’s
and
moon’s
gravity
balances
its
orbital
moving.
While
in
orbit,
it
can
“see”
both
the
earth
and
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
The
concept
of
using
a
relay
satellite
in
the
halo
orbit
was
first
put
forward
by
U.
S.
space
experts
in
the
1960s,
but
was
realized
by
Chinese
space
engineers.
Researchers
hope
to
use
the
cameras
on
the
satellite
to
record
asteroids
(小行星)
hitting
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
To
control
the
cost
of
the
Chang’e-4
probe,
the
relay
satellite
was
designed
to
be
relatively
small,
weighing
about
400
kg.
Researchers
had
just
30
months
to
develop
the
satellite,
putting
them
under
high
pressure.
To
promote
public
interest
in
space
exploration,
the
China
National
Space
Administration
invited
people
to
write
down
their
wishes
for
lunar
and
space
exploration,
and
the
relay
satellite
carries
the
names
of
tens
of
thousands
of
participants
and
their
messages.
【语篇概述】这是一篇应用文。文章报道了北京时间2019年1月3日10时26分,
我国嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球背面,
并通过“鹊桥”中继卫星传回了世界第一张近距离拍摄的月背影像图。
5.
What
do
we
learn
from
the
second
paragraph?
A.
The
relay
satellite
was
launched
on
Jan.
3,
2019.
B.
Chang’e-4
probe
was
the
first
communication
satellite.
C.
The
relay
satellite
only
explores
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
D.
The
relay
satellite
can
handle
data
from
Chang’e-4
probe.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的“The
satellite
processes
data
from
the
probe
and
sends
it
to
Earth.
”可知,
中继卫星可以处理来自嫦娥四号探测器的数据。故选D。
6.
Why
was
the
size
of
the
relay
satellite
relatively
small?
A.
To
reduce
the
cost
as
much
as
possible.
B.
To
make
it
circle
Moon
for
a
longer
time.
C.
To
avoid
being
crashed
by
other
satellites.
D.
To
follow
American
space
experts’
advice.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“To
control
the
cost
of
the
Chang’e-4
probe,
the
relay
satellite
was
designed
to
be
relatively
small,
weighing
about
400
kg.
”可知,
中继卫星的尺寸相对较小是为了节约成本,
故选A。
7.
What
made
researchers
suffer
from
great
stress?
A.
Few
people
interested
in
the
exploration
on
the
moon.
B.
The
relay
satellite
carrying
too
much
equipment.
C.
Their
lacking
enough
time
to
develop
the
relay
satellite.
D.
People’s
never
being
optimistic
about
the
relay
satellite.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Researchers
had
just
30
months
to
develop
the
satellite,
putting
them
under
high
pressure.
”可知,
研究者们压力很大是因为他们只有30个月的时间开发这种卫星,
即缺乏时间,
故选C。
8.
What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
A.
China
is
a
new
space
power
after
the
USA.
B.
Chang’e-4
probe
lands
on
Moon’s
far
side.
C.
Chinese
space
engineers
make
much
progress.
D.
Space
exploration
is
a
dangerous
challenge.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章主要报道了嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆。故选B。
Ⅱ.
完形填空
As
the
plane
circled
over
the
airport,
everyone
sensed
that
something
was
wrong.
The
plane
was
moving
unsteadily
through
the
air,
and
1
the
passengers
had
fastened
their
seat
belts,
they
were
suddenly
2
forward.
At
that
moment,
the
air-hostess
3 .
She
looked
very
pale,
but
was
quite
4 .
Speaking
quickly
but
almost
in
a
whisper,
she
5
everyone
that
the
pilot
had
6
and
asked
if
any
of
the
passengers
knew
anything
about
machines
or
at
7
how
to
drive
a
car.
After
a
moment
of
8 ,
a
man
got
up
and
followed
the
hostess
into
the
pilot’s
cabin.
Moving
the
pilot
aside,
the
man
took
his
seat
and
listened
carefully
to
the
9
instructions
that
were
being
sent
by
radio
from
the
airport
below.
The
plane
was
now
dangerously
close
10
the
ground,
but
to
everyone’s
11 ,
it
soon
began
to
climb.
The
man
had
to
12
the
airport
several
times
in
order
to
become
13
with
the
controls
of
the
plane.
But
the
danger
had
not
yet
passed.
The
terrible
moment
came
when
he
had
to
land.
Following
14 ,
the
man
guided
the
plane
toward
the
airfield.
It
shook
violently
15
it
touched
the
ground
and
then
moved
rapidly
along
the
runway
and
after
a
long
run
it
stopped
safely.
?
【语篇概述】本文为记叙文,
讲述了飞机在飞行中飞行员突然晕倒,
危急时刻一位乘客帮助人们化险为夷的故事。
1.
A.
although
B.
while
C.
therefore
D.
then
【解析】选A。句意:
尽管乘客们都已经系好安全带,
他们还是被突然向前抛去。although
“尽管”,
引导让步状语从句,
符合句意。
2.
A.
shifted
B.
thrown
C.
put
D.
moved
【解析】选B。根据上题解析,
throw“扔、抛”符合句意。shift“转移”;
put“安置”;
move“移动”。
3.
A.
showed
B.
presented
C.
exposed
D.
appeared
【解析】选D。此处表示出现这种情况后,
女乘务员出现了。show“展示、表明”;
present“呈现、陈述”,
及物动词;
expose“暴露”。appear“出现”,
符合句意。
4.
A.
well
B.
still
C.
calm
D.
quiet
【解析】选C。出现飞机不平稳的情况,
乘务员表现出的是镇静,
所以calm符合句意。
5.
A.
inquired
B.
insured
C.
informed
D.
instructed
【解析】选C。根据上文出现飞机不平稳的情况,
乘务员出来是告知每个人发生了什么情况。inform“通知、告诉”;
inquire“询问”;
insure“投保”,
常与against连用;
instruct“指示,
命令”。
6.
A.
fallen
B.
failed
C.
faded
D.
fainted
【解析】选D。根据下文可知此处是说飞行员出现了状况,
需要找人替他驾驶飞机。faint“昏迷、晕倒”,
符合句意。
7.
A.
best
B.
least
C.
length
D.
first
【解析】选B。根据前文可知询问乘客是否了解机器,
至少知道如何开车。at
best“最多、至多”;
at
least“至少”;
at
length“详细地”;
at
first“开始、最先”。at
least符合句意。
8.
A.
hesitation
B.
surprise
C.
doubt
D.
delay
【解析】选A。根据上下文可知这个人犹豫了片刻才跟着乘务员进了驾驶舱。所以选hesitation“犹豫”。
9.
A.
patient
B.
anxious
C.
urgent
D.
nervous
【解析】选C。这个人坐到飞行员的座位上,
认真听着下面机场通过无线电发出的紧急指令。patient“耐心的”;
anxious“焦急的”;
nervous“紧张的”。urgent“紧急的”,
符合句意。
10.
A.
to
B.
by
C.
near
D.
on
【解析】选A。close与介词to连用,
意为“接近、靠近”。
11.
A.
horror
B.
trust
C.
pleasure
D.
relief
【解析】选D。根据it
soon
began
to
climb可知情况好转,
大家松了一口气。to
one’s
relief意为“让某人松了一口气”,
符合句意。
12.
A.
surround
B.
circle
C.
observe
D.
view
【解析】选B。此处表示飞机在空中盘旋了几次。surround“包围”;
circle“盘旋”;
observe“观察”;
view“认为”。所以选B。
13.
A.
intimate
B.
familiar
C.
understood
D.
close
【解析】选B。此处表示为了熟练操控飞机,
这个人驾驶飞机在空中盘旋了几次。be
familiar
with为固定搭配,
意为“熟悉”。所以选B。
14.
A.
impression
B.
information
C.
inspections
D.
instructions
【解析】选D。following.
.
.
的逻辑主语应为the
man,
本句意思是这个人遵照指令,
驾驶飞机朝飞机场飞去。impression“印象”;
information“消息”;
inspection“视察”;
instruction“指令”。
15.
A.
as
B.
unless
C.
while
D.
so
【解析】选A。本句意为当飞机接触地面的时候,
机身剧烈地摇晃。as“当……的时候”,
符合句意。
while
引导时间状语从句,
谓语动词应用进行时。
【技法导练】
阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题技巧
一、主旨大意题有两种题型,
归纳标题题和概括大意题,
在设题时常会用到title,
subject,
main
idea,
topic,
theme等词。
1.
归纳标题题 常见命题形式有:
What’s
the
best
title
for
the
text?
Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
2.
概括大意题 常见命题形式有:
What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
What
does
the
author
mainly
talk
about
in
the
text?
二、对于这类题型,
抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。一般而言,
以演绎法撰写的文章,
主题句往往在文章的开头,
即先点出主题,
然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For
some
US
college
students,
a
break
from
school
is
a
time
to
volunteer
1.
__________
(help)
communities
in
need.
They
take
part
in
activities
2.
__________
(organize)
by
school
to
do
voluntary
work.
?
This
spring
break,
I
had
the
opportunity
to
go
on
one
of
these
trips,
and
it
was
the
3.
__________
(good)
week
of
my
entire
life.
I
went
with
twelve
other
students
and
two
adults
down
to
Rocky
Mount,
North
Carolina
in
the
US.
We
worked
on
three
houses,
4.
(build)
roofs,
painting,
and
decorating.
?
It
was
very
rewarding
to
see
how
much
we
5.
(appreciate)
by
the
people
living
in
that
town.
Every
time
we
went
out
somewhere
for
dinner,
people
came
up
to
us
to
express
6.
(they)
appreciation.
This
made
us
feel
really
good
and
7.
(encourage)
us
to
get
more
done
each
day.
The
trip
wasn’t
all
about
work,
however.
We
had
8.
amazing
group
of
people
who
enjoyed
one
another’s
company.
We
created
our
own
fun,
9.
__________
helped
us
get
to
know
each
other
well.
At
the
end
of
the
trip,
I
came
home
10.
not
only
a
great
sense
of
success
but
also
fourteen
really
good
new
friends.
?
1.
【解析】to
help。考查不定式。volunteer
to
do
sth.
意为“自愿做某事”,
故应用动词不定式。
2.
【解析】organized。考查非谓语动词。organize与activities是逻辑上的动宾关系,
故应用动词-ed形式。
3.
【解析】best。考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的of
my
entire
life可知有比较范围,
要用good的最高级。
4.
【解析】building。考查非谓语动词。根据下文的painting,
and
decorating可知这三个词是并列的,
故用动词-ing形式。
5.
【解析】were
appreciated。考查时态和语态。根据语境以及句中的by可知,
we与appreciate之间是被动关系,
故用被动语态;
且描述的是过去发生的事情,
故用一般过去时。
6.
【解析】their。考查代词。空处作定语,
修饰后面的名词appreciation,
故用形容词性物主代词their。
7.
【解析】encouraged。考查动词的时态。此处与上文中的made并列,
用一般过去时。
8.
【解析】an。考查冠词。a
group
of表示“一群人”,
用不定冠词,
又因为amazing的发音以元音音素开头,
故填an。
9.
【解析】which。考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,
指代主句We
created
our
own
fun,
在定语从句中作主语,
故用which。
10.
【解析】with。考查介词。根据语境可知,
此处表示带着成就感和十四个非常好的新朋友回家,
故填with,
意为“带有”。
PAGEUnit
4
Space
Exploration
课时素养检测
十五 Unit
4 Period
3
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
We
humans
are
a
curious
species.
As
NASA
says
on
its
website,
“Humans
are
driven
to
explore
the
unknown,
discover
new
worlds,
push
the
boundaries
of
our
scientific
and
technical
limits,
and
then
push
further.
”
And
space
exploration
is
where
we’ve
been
“pushing”
our
furthest
curiosity.
The
year
2019
began
with
two
pieces
of
exciting
space
exploration
news.
On
Jan.
3,
China
landed
a
spacecraft,
Chang’e
4,
on
the
moon’s
far
side—the
side
we
can’t
see
from
Earth—for
the
first
time
in
human
history.
And
according
to
a
report
published
on
Jan.
9
in
Nature,
scientists
from
the
Canadian
Hydrogen
Intensity
Mapping
Experiment
(CHIME)
detected
repeated
radio
signals
from
a
galaxy
1.
5
billion
light
years
away,
possibly
sent
by
intelligent
aliens.
However,
what’s
even
more
exciting
than
the
news
is
the
fact
that
whenever
speaking
of
space
exploration,
we
forget
our
political
and
cultural
differences—the
things
that
so
obsess
us.
“When
you
go
into
space,
you
become
part
of
this
overall
collective
(集体)
called
‘humanity’,
”
Ken
Liu,
Chinese-American
sci-fi
writer
and
translator,
told
Quartz
website.
“You’re
no
longer
Chinese,
American,
Russian.
.
.
Your
culture
is
left
behind.
You’re
now
just
‘humanity’
with
a
capital
‘H’.
”
This
magic
has
worked
all
the
way
along
our
journey
into
space.
When
US
astronaut
Neil
Armstrong
(1930—2012)
became
the
first
human
to
set
foot
on
the
moon
in
1969,
for
example,
he
told
the
world:
“That’s
one
small
step
for
man,
one
giant
leap
for
mankind.
”
Now,
with
Chang’e
4
touching
down
on
new
moon
territory,
China’s
aim
is
to
help
scientists
from
around
the
world
find
out
more
about
Earth’s
only
satellite.
And
with
the
discovery
of
the
CHIME
astronomers,
we’re
one
step
closer
to
answering
a
common
question
in
science:
“Are
humans
alone
in
the
universe?
”
It’s
true
that
we
are
a
curious
species.
But
instead
of
being
curious
about
the
“unknown”,
perhaps
we’re
really
more
eager
to
“push
further”
our
own
human
“boundaries”
and
“limits”.
【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述太空探索是人类共同的事业,
这里没有政治、国家的边界,
只有“人类”这一概念。
1.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
discovery
of
the
CHIME
scientists?
A.
A
galaxy
with
intelligent
aliens.
B.
Repeated
radio
signals
sent
by
intelligent
aliens.
C.
Repeated
radio
signals
from
a
distant
galaxy.
D.
Radio
signals
from
a
galaxy
several
years
ago.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“.
.
.
scientists
from
the
Canadian
Hydrogen
Intensity
Mapping
Experiment
(CHIME)
detected
repeated
radio
signals
from
a
galaxy
1.
5
billion
light
years
away,
possibly
sent
by
intelligent
aliens.
”可知,
来自加拿大氢强度测绘实验(CHIME)的科学家检测到来自15亿光年外星系的重复无线电信号,
可能是由有智慧的外星人发出的。由此可知是来自遥远星系的重复无线电信号。故选C。
2.
Why
does
the
author
quote
Ken
Liu’s
words?
A.
To
introduce
the
famous
writer,
Ken
Liu.
B.
To
show
that
in
space
we
are
just
humanity.
C.
To
emphasize
that
culture
is
not
important.
D.
To
introduce
the
things
that
obsess
us
very
much.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第五段可知,
华裔美国科幻作家兼翻译家刘肯(Ken
Liu)在Quartz网站上说:
“当你进入太空时,
你会成为这个被称为‘人类’的整体集体的一部分。你不再是中国人、美国人、俄罗斯人……你的文化被抛在了脑后。你现在只是有一个大写字母‘H’的‘人类’。”由此可见,
作者引用Ken
Liu的话是为了证明在太空中我们只是人类。故选B。
3.
What
does
the
author
intend
to
do
in
Paragraph
6?
A.
Further
confirm
his
opinion.
B.
Add
some
background
information.
C.
Summarize
the
previous
paragraphs.
D.
Introduce
a
new
topic
for
discussion.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第六段最后一句And
with
the
discovery
of
the
CHIME
astronomers,
we’re
one
step
closer
to
answering
a
common
question
in
science:
“Are
humans
alone
in
the
universe?
”可知,
随着加拿大氢强度测绘实验天文学家的发现,
我们离回答科学中的一个常见问题又近了一步:
“宇宙中只有人类吗?
”由此来进一步证实他的观点。故选A。
4.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
A.
China
takes
the
lead
in
space
exploration.
B.
Humans
are
not
alone
in
the
universe.
C.
Space
exploration
is
a
common
cause
of
mankind.
D.
Humans
desire
to
push
the
boundaries
of
scientific
limits.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据这篇文章大意可知,
本文主要讲述太空探索是人类共同的事业,
这里没有政治、国家的边界,
只有“人类”这一概念。故选C。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
根据短文内容,
从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If
something
that
you’re
doing
doesn’t
challenge
you,
then
it
doesn’t
change
you.
We
all
need
some
normal
stress
in
our
lives,
after
all.
1
So
challenge
the
following
limits:
?
Figure
out
what
you
are
scared
of
and
do
it
continuously.
If
you
are
a
salesman,
and
you’re
scared
of
talking
to
people
personally
or
over
the
phone,
now,
instead
of
being
scared
and
thinking
you
will
fail,
spend
at
least
five
minutes
a
day
picking
up
the
phone
and
making
a
call.
2
But
don’t
stop
on
the
first
try!
Eventually,
you
can
look
at
fear
in
the
eyes
and
say,
“Go
on,
I’m
not
scared!
”?
Take
a
class
for
a
hobby
you’ve
been
wanting
to
develop.
Make
sure
this
hobby
is
not
linked
to
your
career;
you
have
to
relax
and
relieve
your
stress
while
performing
this.
3
Apart
from
helping
you
challenge
yourself,
taking
a
class
for
your
hobby
may
also
give
you
extra
income.
?
Set
aside
at
least
nine
minutes
a
day
for
physical
exercise.
4
A
simple
9-minute
run
around
your
neighborhood
can
do
wonders
for
yourself.
Exercise
can
not
only
help
you
maintain
your
regular
weight,
but
also
make
you
feel
better
about
yourself.
?
5 ?
Don’t
just
limit
yourself
to
your
fellow
travelers—try
to
connect
with
the
service
staff.
You
never
know
what
kind
of
people
they’re
going
to
be.
Get
out
of
your
house
or
go
online
right
now
to
book
your
class.
Start
to
travel
now
and
learn
to
challenge
yourself.
A.
You
should
do
it
continuously.
B.
You
don’t
need
to
go
to
the
gym.
C.
Someone
may
make
you
disturbed.
D.
Running
in
the
gym
may
be
a
better
choice.
E.
Travel
and
allow
yourself
to
be
interested
in
new
people.
F.
Some
examples
might
be
cooking,
sewing,
painting
and
so
on.
G.
You
can
never
see
any
improvement
if
you
stick
to
your
comfort
zone.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,
介绍了四种挑战自己的方法。有挑战才有提高,
待在自己的舒适区只会原地踏步。
1.
【解析】选G。本段第一句“If
something
that
you’re
doing
doesn’t
challenge
you,
then
it
doesn’t
change
you.
”
如果你做的事没有挑战性,
你就不会改变。G项(如果你待在舒适区,
那么你永远不会有进步。)顺承了文意,
故选G。
2.
【解析】选C。根据空格后一句“But
don’t
stop
on
the
first
try!
”推断,
上文指可能遇到了困难,
C项表示有人可能让你心烦,
符合语境。
3.
【解析】选F。由标题可知,
该段是关于兴趣培训班的,
F项列举了兴趣班的类型,
符合语境。
4.
【解析】选B。根据下文“A
simple
9-minute
run
around
your
neighborhood
can
do
wonders
for
yourself.
(在你住的街区用九分钟的时间简单地跑跑步就能给你带来意想不到的好处。)”可知你不必去体育馆。B项符合本段意思。
5.
【解析】选E。根据最后一段“You
never
know
what
kind
of
people
they’re
going
to
be.
Get
out
of
your
house
or
go
online.
.
.
”可知作者鼓励我们出去见识更多的人。
Ⅲ.
完形填空
Space
is
a
dangerous
place,
not
only
because
of
meteors
(流星)
but
also
because
of
rays
from
the
sun
and
other
stars.
The
atmosphere
again
acts
1
our
protective
blanket
on
2 .
Light
gets
through,
and
this
is
essential
for
plants
to
make
the
food
which
we
3 .
Heat,
too,
makes
our
environment
tolerable
and
some
ultraviolet
(紫外线的)
rays
penetrate
the
4 .
Cosmic
(宇宙的)
rays
of
various
kinds
come
5
the
air
from
outer
space,
but
6
quantities
of
radiation
from
the
sun
are
screened
off.
7
men
leave
the
atmosphere
they
are
8
to
this
radiation,
but
their
spacesuits
or
the
walls
of
their
spacecraft,
if
they
are
inside,
9
prevent
a
lot
of
radiation
damage.
Radiation
is
the
greatest
known
danger
to
explorers
in
10 .
Doses
of
radiation
are
measured
in
units
called
“rem
(雷姆)”.
We
all
11
radiation
here
on
earth
from
the
sun,
from
cosmic
rays
and
from
radioactive
minerals.
The
“ 12 ”
dose
of
radiation
that
we
receive
each
year
is
about
two
millirems.
It
13
according
to
where
you
live,
and
this
is
a
very
rough
estimate.
Scientists
have
the
reason
to
think
14
a
man
can
15
far
more
radiation
than
0.
1
rem
without
being
damaged.
The
figure
of
60
rems
has
been
agreed
on.
?
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。太阳和其他星体发出的射线对人类既有利又有弊,
那么大气层对此是如何起作用的呢?
人们能承受的安全射线数又是多少雷姆呢?
1.
A.
for B.
with
C.
on D.
as
【解析】选D。act
as
“充当,
起……作用”。句意:
大气层再次对地球起到防护的作用。
2.
A.
stars
B.
sun
C.
earth
D.
space
【解析】选C。由上题可知,
大气层起到防护的作用,
保护的应该是地球。故选C项。
3.
A.
use
B.
live
C.
eat
D.
get
【解析】选C。由常识可知,
植物依靠阳光生长出我们吃的食物,
故选C项。
4.
A.
environment
B.
space
C.
atmosphere
D.
earth
【解析】选C。由上文可知,
地球周围有大气防护层,
因此推知这里指紫外线穿透大气层。故选C。
5.
A.
across
B.
to
C.
from
D.
through
【解析】选D。这里的come
through相当于penetrate“穿透”。come
across
“偶遇”;
come
to
“来到”;
come
from
“来自”。句意:
各类来自外太空的宇宙射线穿透大气层。故选D。
6.
A.
valid
B.
enormous
C.
various
D.
proper
【解析】选B。由空格前but表转折和句末的“are
screened
off
(被隔开)”可判断此处表示大量来自太阳的辐射被隔离掉了。valid
“有效的”;
various
“各种各样的”;
proper
“合适的”。enormous
“大量的”符合文意。
7.
A.
As
soon
as
B.
As
well
as
C.
As
much
as
D.
As
possible
as
【解析】选A。as
soon
as
“一……就……”。此处表示人一离开大气层就会接触到辐射。故选A项。
8.
A.
shown
B.
exposed
C.
faced
D.
covered
【解析】选B。be
exposed
to
“暴露于……”,
符合语意。
9.
A.
get
B.
make
C.
have
D.
do
【解析】选D。“do+动词原形”结构强调谓语动词。
10.
A.
Mars
B.
atmosphere
C.
space
D.
planet
【解析】选C。由Radiation和explorers可推测,
应选space
(太空)。句意:
辐射是探险者在太空中已知的最大危险。
11.
A.
receive
B.
accept
C.
bring
D.
catch
【解析】选A。由下文“radiation
that
we
receive
each
year”可知,
此处表示受到辐射,
故选A项。
12.
A.
conventional
B.
common
C.
general
D.
normal
【解析】选D。此处表示我们每年接受的“正常”辐射量大约为两毫雷姆。故选normal。
13.
A.
puzzles
B.
floats
C.
combines
D.
changes
【解析】选D。由句意“所处地点不同,
所能承受的正常的辐射量也不一样”可确定答案为D项。
14.
A.
what
B.
which
C.
that
D.
why
【解析】选C。本句应填入引导宾语从句的连接词,
而从句不缺少成分和语意,
故选择that。
15.
A.
put
up
with
B.
keep
up
with
C.
come
up
with
D.
catch
up
with
【解析】选A。此处表示人类可承受的辐射量。keep
up
with“跟上”;
come
up
with“提出,
想出”;
catch
up
with“赶上”。put
up
with
“忍受”,
符合语境。
Ⅳ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In
many
films,
whenever
Earth
faces
a
disaster,
the
1.
__________
(solve)
is
always
fleeing
the
planet
2.
__________
spaceship.
But
now
the
Chinese
sci-fi
movie,
The
Wandering
Earth,
3.
__________
(offer)a
different
and
4.
__________
(encourage)idea.
In
the
film,
Earth
is
being
destroyed
by
the
dying
sun.
In
response,
humans
around
the
world
work
together
5.
__________
(build)a
giant
engine
system,
6.
__________
will
push
Earth
away
from
the
sun.
This
“ambition”
didn’t
come
from
nowhere.
Up
to
now,
“homeland”
7.
__________
(have)a
soft
spot
in
the
hearts
and
minds
of
Chinese
people.
This
special
cultural
background
8.
__________
(probable)makes
The
Wandering
Earth
different
from
other
films.
?
The
film
was
released
on
Feb
5,
the
first
day
of
Chinese
New
Year.
It
was
9.
__________
time
when
many
people
had
just
made
the
hard
journey
back
to
10.
__________
(they)
hometowns.
So
there
is
only
one
possible
way
to
tell
the
story:
Earth
goes
wherever
humans
go,
because
it’s
our
home.
?
【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了中国科幻电影——《流浪地球》。
1.
【解析】solution。考查词性转换。根据空格前的冠词the可知此处填名词。
2.
【解析】by。考查介词。使用交通工具用介词by。
3.
【解析】offers/is
offering。考查主谓一致。根据句中now可知此处用一般现在时或现在进行时。
4.
【解析】encouraging。考查词性转换。根据idea可知此处填形容词。encouraging意为“令人鼓舞的”。
5.
【解析】to
build。考查非谓语动词。根据本句work
together可知此处是目的状语,
所以填to
build。
6.
【解析】which。考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,
指代a
giant
engine
system,
在定语从句中作主语,
故用which。
7.
【解析】has
had。考查动词时态。根据Up
to
now可知本句用现在完成时。
8.
【解析】probably。考查词性转换。此处修饰的是动词makes,
所以用副词。
9.
【解析】a。考查冠词。It
was
a
time
when.
.
.
固定句式。
10.
【解析】their。考查代词。空格后的hometowns是名词,
前面用形容词性物主代词修饰。
PAGEUnit
4
Space
Exploration
课时素养检测
十六 Unit
4 Period
4
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
In
America,
we
often
regard
Sally
Ride
as
the
first
female
astronaut
(宇航员).
But
the
first
woman
in
space
is
actually
a
Soviet
astronaut
who
beat
out
400
applicants
to
pilot
the
Vostok
6
spacecraft
in
1963
—
twenty
years
before
Ride
took
her
historic
spaceflight.
There
was
nothing
in
Valentina
Tereshkova’s
early
life
that
showed
she
would
become
a
space
pioneer.
Tereshkova
finished
school
at
age
16
and
went
to
work
to
help
support
her
family.
She
seemed
to
follow
her
mother’s
footsteps
as
a
textile
factory
worker,
except
one
interest:
skydiving.
By
the
time
she
was
22,
she
was
jumping
out
of
a
plane
pretty
regularly.
And
then
came
the
space
race.
By
1962,
the
competition
to
get
into
space
had
been
starting
between
the
Soviet
Union
and
the
United
States
for
about
seven
years.
The
two
countries,
in
an
effort
to
do
better
than
the
other
in
exploring
space,
had
each
launched
men
into
space.
During
the
space
race,
the
Soviet
Union
and
the
U.
S.
constantly
tried
to
be
better.
After
putting
a
man
in
space,
the
obvious
next
step
was
to
send
a
woman
into
space.
The
Soviet
Union’s
lead
spacecraft
designer,
Sergey
Korolyov,
is
said
to
have
been
helpful
in
the
decision.
There
are
rumors
(传言)
that
the
Soviet
Union
knew
that
the
U.
S.
was
planning
to
send
a
woman
to
space
and
wanted
to
beat
the
Americans.
Inspired
by
Gagarin’s
flight,
Tereshkova
wrote
to
the
Soviet
authorities
(当局)
hoping
for
any
future
training
program
for
female
astronauts.
The
authorities
answered
and
in
early
1962
she
became
one
of
just
five
women
accepted
for
astronaut
training.
On
June
16,
1963,
Tereshkova
took
off,
eventually
circling
the
Earth
48
times
over
the
course
of
almost
three
days
and
securing
her
place
in
history
as
the
first
woman
to
leave
the
Earth’s
atmosphere.
【语篇概述】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了世界上第一位女航天员——苏联的Valentina
Tereshkova。
1.
When
did
Sally
Ride
go
into
space?
A.
In
1963.
B.
In
1973.
C.
In
1983.
D.
In
1993.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a
Soviet
astronaut
who
beat
out
400
applicants
to
pilot
the
Vostok
6
spacecraft
in
1963
—
twenty
years
before
Ride
took
her
historic
spaceflight”可知,
Valentina
Tereshkova在1963年进入太空,
20年后,
美国女宇航员Sally
Ride成功进入太空。故选C。
2.
Why
did
Tereshkova
choose
to
be
a
textile
factory
worker?
A.
Because
she
thought
highly
of
her
mother.
B.
Because
she
had
to
give
a
hand
to
her
family.
C.
Because
she
wanted
to
save
money
for
the
space
race.
D.
Because
she
was
allowed
to
do
skydiving.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tereshkova
finished
school
at
age
16
and
went
to
work
to
help
support
her
family”可知,
她做纺织女工是为了帮助养家。故选B。
3.
What
did
Tereshkova
do
on
knowing
a
woman
to
be
sent
to
space?
A.
She
suggested
some
training
programs
for
women.
B.
She
refused
the
Soviet
authorities’
invitation.
C.
She
introduced
herself
to
the
training
program.
D.
She
announced
she
would
be
the
first
woman
in
space.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知,
Tereshkova受Gagarin的鼓舞,
给苏联当局写信希望参加未来女宇航员的训练。故选C。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
1
Many
things
can
become
distractions
(分散注意力).
Your
ability
to
focus
your
mind,
emotions,
and
physical
movements
will
directly
influence
your
success.
Staying
focused
on
the
task
at
hand
can
be
easier
said
than
done.
Here
are
some
powerful
techniques
that
can
help
you
improve
your
ability
to
focus.
?
For
physical
control,
it
helps
to
have
a
constant
exercise
schedule.
2 Exercising
helps
you
gain
better
command
of
your
body,
and
even
goes
beyond
the
body,
giving
you
more
flexibility
not
just
physically
but
also
emotionally
and
mentally.
When
you
feel
more
comfortable
in
your
body,
you
increase
your
self-confidence,
which
helps
you
feel
more
relaxed.
?
For
mental
control,
meditation
(沉思;
冥想)
does
the
task.
3
It’s
easy
to
get
distracted
by
things
in
your
background,
but
in
order
to
perform
well
you
have
to
maintain
a
high
degree
of
focus.
When
you
relax
your
thoughts,
it
trains
your
mind
to
deal
effectively
with
outside
distractions
so
you
can
stay
centered
on
what
matters
most
at
the
moment.
?
4
It
prevents
you
from
overreaction
and
also
from
overacting.
When
your
emotions
settle
down,
you
gain
greater
awareness
of
the
environment
you’re
in,
and
feel
calm
and
in
control.
?
5 The
good
thing
is
that
self-control
can
be
developed.
Start
exercising
frequently,
get
yourself
into
meditation,
and
start
to
feel
positive
changes
in
your
career
and
your
life
in
general.
?
A.
In
short,
focus
requires
self-control.
B.
There
are
many
benefits
of
exercising.
C.
Generally
speaking,
you
need
to
practise
a
lot.
D.
There
are
still
some
disadvantages
of
exercises.
E.
Your
emotions
are
well
served
by
meditation
as
well.
F.
Focus
is
an
important
part
of
success
and
achievement
in
general.
G.
It
helps
block
out
all
the
noise
and
activities
that
are
going
on
around
you.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。围绕如何提高注意力这个话题展开的。
1.
【解析】选F。直接引出本文的中心话题focus,
强调其重要性,
进而引出下文Here
are
some
powerful
techniques
that
can
help
you
improve
your
ability
to
focus.
2.
【解析】选B。上文it
helps
to
have
a
constant
exercise
schedule.
和下文Exercising
helps
you.
.
.
中的两个helps与B项中benefits呼应。
3.
【解析】选G。本段介绍的第二个技巧meditation。G项中的It指代前文中的meditation。句意:
冥想能帮助你屏蔽周围的噪音和其他活动。
4.
【解析】选E。上文是说meditation对mental
control的作用,
本段是关于meditation对emotions的作用。所以E项起到承上启下的作用。
5.
【解析】选A。最后一段是总结性的段落。A项In
short是总结性开头。self-control与下文The
good
thing
is
that
self-control
can
be
developed.
相呼应。
Ⅲ.
完形填空
For
thousands
of
millions
of
years
the
moon
has
been
going
round
the
earth.
During
this
time,
the
moon
has
been
the
only
satellite
of
the
earth.
Today,
1 ,
the
earth
has
many
other
satellites
all
2
by
man.
These
man-made
satellites
are
very
much
smaller
than
the
moon.
However,
some
of
them
will
still
be
going
3
the
earth
thousands
of
years
from
now.
?
Man-made
satellites
do
not
4
because
they
are
going
too
fast
to
do
so.
As
they
speed
along,
they
5
to
go
straight
off
into
space.
They
6
out
of
the
earth,
or
its
gravity,
which
7
them
from
doing
this.
As
a
result,
they
travel
in
an
orbit
round
the
earth.
?
If
a
man-made
satellite
travels
about
at
a
certain
height,
it
can
keep
going
8
round
the
earth,
just
like
the
moon.
This
is
9
it
is
above
the
atmosphere,
and
there
is
nothing
to
10
it
down.
If
it
travels
11
than
that,
it
will
be
slowed
down
so
much
that
it
will
12
the
earth.
?
Men
have
launched
spaceships
to
the
moon
and
to
the
two
nearest
planets:
Mars
(火星)
and
Venus
(金星).
By
putting
a
camera
on
13
the
spaceship
to
the
moon,
men
have
been
able
to
take
photographs
of
the
other
side
of
the
moon.
This
side
is
always
14
from
us
as
the
moon
circles
the
earth.
The
15
are
later
transmitted
by
radio
to
the
earth.
They
showed
that
the
other
side
of
the
moon
is
very
much
the
same
as
the
side
that
turns
towards
us.
?
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。在人造卫星出现之前,
月亮是地球唯一的卫星。人造卫星能在太空中正常运转的原因是它位于大气之上,
如果运行高度下降的话,
卫星就会掉下来。
1.
A.
besides B.
however
C.
though D.
therefore
【解析】选B。上文说月亮是地球唯一的卫星,
而下文说后来有了很多别的卫星,
所以是转折关系。副词though表示“可是,
然而”,
放在句中时,
其前后没有逗号。however“然而”放在句中时,
前后可以有逗号,
故选B项。
2.
A.
assumed
B.
discovered
C.
made
D.
foresaw
【解析】选C。从下文中的“These
man-made
satellites.
.
.
”可知,
这些卫星是人造的,
也就是“made
by
man”。
3.
A.
through
B.
round
C.
behind
D.
after
【解析】选B。联系关键词still“仍然”,
再联系上文中的“going
round
the
earth”可知,
这些人造卫星仍然会绕着地球转。
4.
A.
fall
B.
rise
C.
burst
D.
pause
【解析】选A。从下文内容可知,
此处是讲述人造卫星不会落下来的原因。
5.
A.
decide
B.
wish
C.
plan
D.
tend
【解析】选D。当卫星加速时,
卫星的运动趋势就是冲入太空。
6.
A.
pull
B.
reach
C.
bring
D.
launch
【解析】选A。它们会冲出地球,
也就是脱离地球引力。pull
out意为“冲出,
离开”。
7.
A.
protects
B.
prevents
C.
keeps
D.
discourages
【解析】选B。地球引力的作用是阻止它们冲出地球。
8.
A.
in
and
out
B.
on
and
on
C.
to
and
from
D.
up
and
down
【解析】选B。从上文内容可知,
如果卫星在一定高度运行,
就能持续运转。on
and
on意为“一直,
持续”,
符合文意。in
and
out意为“进进出出”;
to
and
from意为“来来回回,
往返”;
up
and
down意为“上上下下”,
均不符合文意。
9.
A.
because
B.
how
C.
where
D.
when
【解析】选A。本句讲述的是卫星正常运转的原因,
故选A。
10.
A.
hand
B.
pass
C.
slow
D.
bring
【解析】选C。卫星正常运转的原因就是在大气层之上,
没有东西会降低卫星的运行速度,
下一句中的“it
will
be
slowed
down”是很好的提示。
11.
A.
higher
B.
longer
C.
farther
D.
lower
【解析】选D。从上文我们知道卫星正常运转,
不会落下来就是因为它的运行高度,
所以,
如果运行高度下降,
卫星就不能正常运转。
12.
A.
search
for
B.
fall
to
C.
go
after
D.
knock
at
【解析】选B。从本段我们可以看出,
如果运行高度下降的话,
卫星就会掉下来。
13.
A.
board
B.
average
C.
earth
D.
end
【解析】选A。通过把照相机安装在飞船上,
可以拍照。on
board意为“在(船、火车、飞机)上”,
符合文意。on
average意为“平均”;
on
earth意为“到底,
究竟”;
on
end意为“竖着,
连续地”,
均不符合文意。
14.
A.
holy
B.
hidden
C.
different
D.
stable
【解析】选B。根据常识我们知道月亮有一面是永远背对我们的,
所以不被我们看到。hidden是动词hide“隐藏”的过去分词。
15.
A.
rocks
B.
speeches
C.
sounds
D.
photos
【解析】选D。上文提到了在飞船上安装照相机,
所以传回来的是照片。
Ⅳ.
语法填空
According
to
The
Sunday
Times
of
London,
which
looked
at
lifestyle
1.
__________(choice)
of
over
500,
000
Britons
between
the
ages
of
37
and
73,
driving
for
more
than
two
hours
each
day
can
2.
__________(steady)
decrease
the
IQ
of
middle-aged
drivers.
?
When
looking
at
the
data
of
the
93,
000
participants
3.
drove
more
than
two
hours
per
day,
the
study
found
a
4.
(notice)
drop
in
brainpower—the
ability
to
think,
5.
__________(measure)
by
intelligence
and
memory
tests.
The
study
found
similar
results
among
participants
6.
__________(take)
part
in
several
hours’
similarly
sedentary
(久坐不动的)
activity,
7.
__________
television
watching.
?
“IQ
decline
is
measurable
over
five
years
because
it
can
happen
fast
in
middle-aged
and
older
people.
This
8.
(associate)
with
lifestyle
factors
such
as
smoking
and
bad
diets—and
now
with
time
spent
driving,
”
Kishan
Bakrania
told
The
Sunday
Times.
If
you
think
that
the
way
to
improve
your
IQ
9.
(be)
through
brain
games,
think
again.
Just
try
and
avoid
those
long
hours
on
the
road
if
possible,
and
if
you
happen
to
have
free
time
on
your
way
to
and
off
work,
be
sure
to
use
10.
wisely.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,
主要介绍了一项研究:
每天开车两个小时以上会让中年司机的智商持续下降。
1.
【解析】choices。考查名词单复数。根据语境可知,
研究了五十多万个37至73岁的英国人对生活方式的选择。choice“选择”是可数名词,
且其前无限定词修饰,
故应用复数形式choices。
2.
【解析】steadily。考查词性转换。此处是副词steadily修饰动词decrease。
3.
【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,
空处引导定语从句,
且在从句中作主语,
先行词是participants,
故填关系代词who/that。
4.
【解析】noticeable。考查词性转换。根据空前的“a”和空后的名词“drop”可知,
此处应填形容词noticeable。
5.
【解析】measured。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,
measure与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,
故应用过去分词measured作后置定语。
6.
【解析】taking。考查非谓语动词。take
part
in与其逻辑主语participants之间是主动关系,
故应用其现在分词形式作后置定语。
7.
【解析】like。考查介词。此处列举了看电视这样的久坐活动。like“例如,
像”,
符合语境。
8.
【解析】is
associated。考查时态与语态。句子缺少谓语动词。be
associated
with为固定搭配;
根据前一句中的“is”及此处陈述的客观事实可知,
此处应用一般现在时,
故填is
associated。
9.
【解析】is。考查主谓一致。句子的主语是the
way,
谓语动词应用第三人称单数,
故填is。
10.
【解析】it。考查代词。如果你正好在上下班路上有空闲时间,
那么确保好好利用它。此处指代上文中的“free
time”,
故填it。
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