Unit 1 Friendship
Period 1 Warming up and reading
教学目标 (Teaching aims)
能力目标（Ability aim）：
a. Speaking: express one’s attitude or views about friends and friendship in appropriate words.
b. Reading: enable the Ss to get the main idea
知识目标（Knowledge aim）：
a. Talk about friends and friendship; how to make friends; how to maintain friendship
b. Use the following expressions:
I think so. / I don’t think so.
I agree. / I don’t agree.
That’s correct.
Of course not.
Exactly.
I’m afraid not.
add up; calm down; have got to ;be concerned about; walk the dog ;go through ;hide away ;set down ;a series of; on purpose; in order to; face to face; according to ;get along with; fall in love; join in
情感目标(Emotional aims):
a. To arose Ss’ interest in learning English;
b. To encourage Ss to be active in the activities and make Ss to be confident;
c. To develop the ability to cooperate with others.
教学重难点（Teaching important points）
a. Talk about friends and friendship
b. Lead in the reading
教学方法（Teaching method）
a. Asking-and –answering activity between the teacher and the students
b. Scanning , skimming and Detail reading
c. Individual, pair and group work to discuss
教学准备（Teaching aids）
A recorder and a computer
教学步骤（Teaching procedures）
Step Ⅰ: Lead-in
T: This is the first class in the new term.
Q1: What do you think of our new school
Do you like it
Could you say something about it
Q2: Do you like making friends
Do you have many friends Where are they now
How do you get in touch with your friends
Have you made any new friends in our class
Q3: a. Is friendship very important Why
b. Do you have any friends What kinds/ types of fiends do you like to make
(girl/ boy friends; pen friends; long-distance friends; friends of the same age; friends across generations；e-friends; unusual friends like animals, books…)
c. Which kind of friend do you think is the best friend
Any answer is possible. Everyone may have his own reasons. But when you answer the question, you should remember the old saying" A friend in need is a friend indeed", The best friend should be a man whom you can depend on forever, not in a certain period of time.
Q4. List some qualities /character adjectives of a good friend or an ideal friend :
sociable, honest, friendly, easygoing, nervous, open-minded, anxious, careful, talented, talkative, nosy, thoughtful, generous, carefree, pessimistic, peaceful, optimistic, interesting, reliable, helpful, active, careless, caring, exact, adventurous, imaginative, hot-blooded, well-organised, trustworthy, patient, responsible, outgoing; kind, brave, warm-hearted, selfless, tolerant, good-tempered, trustworthy, careful, full of love, caring; responsible, interesting, easygoing, intelligent dedicated…
Which words can be used to describe the characteristic
Classification (A)
Brave: courage; fearless; heroic
Scared :astonish; fearful; frightened; horrified; shocked;
terrified; timid
Loyal: devoted; faithful
Wise: bright; clever; cute; gifted; intelligent; smart;
well-learned; witty
Beautiful: attractive breath-taking charming cool cute elegant eye-catching good-looking graceful inviting lovely neat pretty splendid stunning
Classification (B)
F: forgiving, fair, forever, faithful, friendly…
R: real, responsible, reliable, respectful…
I : important, interesting…
E: enjoyable, everlasting, equal, encouraging…
N: nice…
D : devoted, different…
S: sincere, sharing…
H: humorous, helpful, honest…
I: independent…
P: pure, polite, precious, patient, punctual…
T: Have the students get into groups of four to describe their own ideal friend. Individual students must decide on TOP 5 character adjectives that could be used to describe the ideal friend and insist they have good reasons for their choice. Then let the group leader give the class a description of their ideal friend.
StepⅡ. Warming up
T: To be frankly, I’d like very much to keep a close friendship with you, my dear students, in the following years. How about you then Ok, thanks. I do hope to be your good teacher as well as your helpful friend (良师益友).
T: Make a survey about the understanding the true friendship by individual work.
1. You want to see a very interesting film with your friend, but your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning the bicycle. You will …
2. Your friend asks to borrow your favorite camera. When he/she borrowed it last time, he/she broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired. You will …
3. Your friend comes to school very upset. The bell rings so you need to go to class. You will …
4. Your friend has gone on holiday and asked you to take care of his/her dog. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. The dog’s leg was broken. You will…
5. You are taking your mid-term exam. Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the exam by looking at your paper. You will…
Result and answer:
4-7 points: You are not a good friend. You either neglect your friend’s needs or just do what he wants you to do.
8-12 points: You are a good friend but you sometimes let your friendship become too important, or you fail to show enough concern for your friend’s needs and feelings. Try to strike a balance between your friend’s needs and your own responsibilities.
13+ points :Well done! You are an excellent friend.
Step Ⅲ Pre-reading
Work in groups of four. Tell your group mates how you reflect on these questions.
1. Why do you need friends Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you.
2. What do you think a good friend should be like List what a good friend should do and share the list with your partners.
3. Does a friend always have to be a person What else can be a friend
4. Do you think a diary can become your friend Why or why not
Instructions: The teacher can give each group one of these questions above to talk about. Then let the class share their ideas. It’s better to stimulate the students to challenge their classmates’ opinions about these questions.
Possible answers
Q1: Reasons I need friends:
※ to cope with stressful situations in life
※ to share my worries and secrets in my inner world
※ to show my concern for other people
※ to let other people share my happiness
※ to unfold to other people the secrets in my heart (to name but few.)
Q2: A good friend should:
※ tell me the truth (honest)
※ be good to me (friendly)
※ be willing to consider or accept others’ ideas or opinions (open-minded)
※ be willing to help others (generous or helpful)
※ be good-tempered
※ think about what others need and try to help them (caring)
※ be loyal to their responsibility (responsible)
※ not easily upset (easy-going)
※ be out-going (like to meet and talk to new people)
※ be tolerant (allow other people to have different opinions or do something in a different way)
※ be selfless (to name but few)
Q3: What else can be our friends besides human beings
e. g. a dog, a cat, a dictionary, a computer, a toy car, a mobile phone, a TV set…
Q4: Students’ answers may vary but must include a reason.
Yes. I think it can be, because I can set down how I feel every day in my diary, and let other people read it to share my feelings some time later. Above all, it feels good to write down my thoughts and feeling on paper when I am sad or lonely.
Look at the pictures and the heading and guess what the text might be about.
Step Ⅳ Background
T: Play a piece of video and enable students learn the background of the story
Background : This is a true story. It took place in Amsterdam, Holland in the early 1940s after the German Nazis had occupied most of Europe. The Nazi Party ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. One of their key policies was to kill all the Jews in Europe. If any persons known to be Jews were found, they would be sent to concentration camps farther east, mostly in Poland. Families were separated and transported in trains. For many days, they went without food, water, sanitation or fresh air. To avoid this terrible fate, some Jewish families went into hiding, often with the help of non-Jewish friends This diary was written during the time when Anne and her family moved to escape from being killed by Nazis.
StepⅤ Scanning /While –reading
(1)Fast-reading : It’s time to read the text on page 2 by skimming and summarise the main idea of each paragraph in one sentence.
Summary of the text
Main idea of Para. 1 Anne Frank made her diary her best friend.
Main idea of Para. 2 Anne’s family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis.
Main idea of Para. 3 Anne hadn’t been able to be outdoors for so long that she’d grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
Main idea of Para. 4 One evening, Anne stayed awake until half past eleven in order to have a look at the moon.
Main idea of Para. 5 Anne was only able to look at nature through dirty curtains.
(2) Intensive reading :
1．What's the advantages（优点）and disadvantages of the diary as a friend
Possible answers：
Advantages: a. He accepts all that you said to him. b. He is never angry with you. etc.
Disadvantages: a. He has no feelings and thoughts. b. He can not speak to you. etc.
Try to collect the surface information of the story by filling in the following table
The time of the story
The place of the story
The heroine of the story
Anne’s best friend
The length of time they hid away
The date of the diary
Step Ⅵ: Detail Reading
In this part, let the students read the text for a second time and firstly do the exercise on the page 3 Ex1 and Ex 2. After that try to find the detail information about the story by discussing and answering the following questions
1. What is a true friend like in Anne’s opinion
In Anne’s opinion, a true friend is a person whom you can trust. That’s to say, you can tell everything to this person.
2. What is an ordinary diary like according to Anne What about her diary
According to Anne, an ordinary diary is where most people like to set down a series of facts. But Anne wrote down her deepest feelings and thoughts in her diary. She told everything to her best friend --- her diary.
3. Why was she so crazy about things to do with nature
Because she had been indoors too long, she was so eager to see the outdoor world --- the blue sky, the singing birds, the beautiful flowers , the bright moon, everything.
4. Why did she stay awake on purpose until very late one evening
Because she wanted to have a good look at the bright moon.
Step Ⅶ: Comprehending
What do the boldfaced parts imply
StepⅧ: Homework
a. Search and collect the sayings about friendship
b. Prepare the new words before learning the reading
c. Write a short passage about 80 words: “The Best Friend In My Eyes”
StepⅨ: Evaluation(评价与反思)
教师反思
1. Have all the teaching aims been reached _________________
2. Have all the students learnt something in the lesson _________
3. What can be improved _______________________Period3. Learning about language
Teaching aims,
Knowledge aims:
Get the students to learn and grasp the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.
Ability aims:
Get the students to be able to use the rules to express their meanings and retail others′correctly.
Emotional aims:
Get the students to develop their sense of group cooperation.
Teaching important point,
Help the students master the usage of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.
Teaching difficult points,
Summarize the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.
Get the students to learn about about the special cases in which the tenses shouldn’t be changed.
Teaching methods,
Discussing, Summarizing, explanation and practicing
Teaching aids,
The multimedia & the blackboard
Teaching procedures,
Direct Speech & Indirect Speech (1)
Step1.
Tell the class: Now let′s turn to page5 and look at these sentences in Ex1.Try to find the difference between Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.
Step2.
Get the students to discuss by themselves.
If we want to change direct speech into indirect speech, what should be changed
Perhaps most students can find sentences structures, tenses, pronouns , adverbials of time and place and verbs should be changed.
Step3.
These are the rules.(举例详见课本87-90页)
定义:
引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一种是直接引述别人的原话,把它放在引号内,这叫直接引语.另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话,这叫间接引语.间接引语相当于一个宾语从句.例如:
Mr Black said,“I am busy.”
Mr Black said that he was busy.
Ⅰ陈述句 (一主二宾三不变)
直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导,从句中的人称.时态,指示代词,时间状语等要做相应的变化.
1)人称的变化 (举例略)
2)时态的变化 (举例略)
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时不变
一般将来时 过去将来时
3)指示代词,时间状语,地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语 间接引语
this that
these those
now then
ago before/earlier
today that day
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next/following day
the day after tomorrow in two days’s time
the day before yesterday two days before/earlier
here there
come go
Notes:
陈述句由直接引语变为间接引语时,如果有两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时,仅能省略第一个that,其余的均不可省略.
Eg. He said,“I want to visit the Great Wall, and my father will go with me then. ”
→ He said (that) he wanted to visit the Great Wall and that his father would go with him then.
直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变.如
He said,“Light travels much faster than sound. ”
→He said that light travels much faster than sound.
3.如果在当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go,如果在当天转述,yesterday,tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变.
Ⅱ.疑问句
直接引语如果是疑问句,变为间接引语时,要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序(即主,谓,宾的顺序),句末用句号,主语的人称,时态和状语等也要作相应的变化.
一般疑问句
Say/said →ask/asked
由if/whether引导宾语从句
He asked me,“Are you good at English ”
→He asked me if/whether I was good at English.
Notes:大多数情况下,if 和 whether都可以用,但后面和or not连用时或在动词不定式前或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只能用whether.
She asked me whether I could do it or not.
特殊疑问句
直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,由原来的疑问词who,,whom,whose, how, when,why,where等引导,将句子改为陈述语序.
He asked Lucy,“where have you been ”
→ He asked Lucy where she had been.
Step4.Practice
Get the students to do Ex2 on page 5
Step5.Homework
Review and grasp the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.
Finish off the related workbook exercises.Period 2 Important Language Points
Teaching aims
Knowledge aims
1. Get the students to learn and grasp some important new words expressions: add ignore concern series crazy suffer add up calm down have got to be concerned about go through set down on purpose in order to face to face get along with fall in love join in
2. Get the students to understand some useful sentence patterns
1)强调句型：It is/ was +被强调部分 +that/who+句子其他成分
2) There was a time when----
3）It \ This \That is \was + 序数词 + time that------
Ability aims
Enable the students to use some useful words and expressions correctly.
Enable the students to learn how to understand new words expressions and difficulty sentences according to the context.
Emotional aims：
Develop the students’ spirit of cooperation and teamwork.
Teaching Important points
Enable the students to grasp the usage of such important new words and expressions as crazy, dare, series, on purpose, in order to, and so on.
Teaching difficult points
How to enable the students to grasp the usages of new words and understand some difficult and long sentences.
Teaching methods
Discussing ,summarizing and practicing 2. Cooperative learning
Teaching aids
The multimedia and other normal teaching tools.
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework exercises.
Ask some students to talk about their friends and what qualities and behavior make good friends. Also may ask them to talk about Anne’s best friend, her diary.
Step 2 Reading
Get the students to read the text again to find out the key words and expressions.
Step3 Language points
1. add (v.)
1). To put together with something else so as to increase the number, size, importance, etc.增加，添加
Please add something to what I’ve said, John.
2). To join numbers, amount, etc so as to find the total 相加
Add up these figures for me, please.
add to something: to increase 增加
What he did has added to out difficulties.
add up to: to amount to 加起来等于；总计
The cost added up to 100 million yuan.
2. cheat v. 1). To act in a dishonest way in order to win 欺骗；作弊
2). (of, out of) to take from (someone) in a dishonest way 骗取
eg. They cheated the old woman out of her money by making her sign a document she didn’t understand.
n. 1). an act of cheating 作弊行为
2). one who cheats 骗子
3. go through
1). To examine carefully 仔细阅读或研究
I went through the students’ papers last night.
2). To experience 经历，遭受或忍受
You really don’t know what we went through while working on this project.
4. crazy (adj.)
1). mad, foolish 疯狂的，愚蠢的
It’s crazy to go out in such hot weather.
2). wildly excited; very interested 狂热的，着迷的
She is crazy about dancing.
5. lonely (adj.) unhappy because of being alone or without friends 孤独的，寂寞的
He has been very lonely since his wife left him.
lonely/alone
alone 1). without or separated from others 单独的 She lives alone.
2). only 仅仅，只有。用于名词或代词之后。 The gloves alone cost $ 80.
leave/let sb. or sth. alone: not take, touch or interfere with sb or sth 不带走，不触摸，不干涉某人或某事
Leave that alone. It’s mine. She has asked to be left alone.
6. concerned adj. worried:
be concerned about/for: be worried about 担心
We’re all concerned about her safety.
7. upset: 1). Adj. worried; sad; angry; not calm 不安，心烦意乱， 生气
He is upset.
2). V. cause to worry, to be sad, to be angry, not to be calm 使不安，使生气
His cheating on the exam upset his teacher.
8．well n. 井 adj. 身体好 adv. 好 Int. 噢，
George was well and truly drunk.
I couldn’t very well say no when there was no one else she could ask.
9. spellbind: to hold the complete attention of 吸引人，迷人，是入迷
The children watched spellbound as the magician took rabbits from his hat.
10. outdoors adv. 在户外;在野外
反义词: indoors 户外，野外
I usually prefer playing outdoors. I love to be in the great outdoors.
outdoor adj. 户外的，野外的(置于名词前) an outdoor sport / game 户外运动
11. thunder n.雷；雷声 thunder and lightning
vi. 打雷；雷鸣 The sky grew dark and it started to thunder.
12. entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地
I admit it was entirely my fault. The company is run almost entirely by middle-aged men.
13. power
1) (人的)能力，精力，力量:
do everything in one’s power to help 尽力帮助
out of / beyond one’s power 能力所不及
Knowledge is power.
2) 权利，权限:
the power of the law (法律)
come into power 握权
in power 当权，执政
3) 体力，智力，精力:
His powers are falling. 他的体力正在衰退中。
a man of varied powers 多才多艺的人
14. a series of 一连串的;一系列;一套
He saw a series of white arrows painted on the road .
他看见马路上画有一连串的白色箭头。
There’s been a whole series of accidents on this stretch of road recently.
近来在这一路段发生了一连串事故。
15 on purpose 故意地
He broke the window on purpose.
It is not likely that he did it on purpose . 他不见得是故意做那件事。
16 at dusk 在黄昏时刻It is difficult to see clearly at dusk. 在黄昏时很难看清东西。
I often walk alone at dusk with my dog.
at dawn 黎明时I knew roosters（公鸡） crowed at dawn, but I never knew they kept crowing all morning long.
17. face to face 面对面地
We’ve spoken on the phone but never face to face.
The burglar turned the corner and found himself face to face with a policeman.
盗贼一拐弯面对面地碰上个警察。
face to face 面对面地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩
hand in hand 手牵手 heart to heart 心贴心
18.dare: dare do sth. 敢；敢于 dare to do sth. 敢；敢于
eg. I don’t know whether he dares to /dare try.
He didn’t dare (to) do / daren’t move.
How dare you say I am unfaithful!
If you dare (to) do that again, you will be sorry.
Do you dare (to) ask him
Step 3.key sentences
I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
强调句型：It is/ was +被强调部分 +that/who+句子其他成分
可用来强调句子中除谓语，定语以外的任何句子成分
I bought this car in that shop last month. （原始句）
It was I who/ that bought this car in that shop last month. (强调主语)
It was this car that I bought in that shop last month. 。(强调宾语)
It was in that shop that I bought this car last month.。(强调地点状语)
It was last month that I bought this car in that shop。(强调时间状语)
I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
There was a time when-----曾经有一段时期------
There was a time when women had no equal rights.
I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.
not-----until-----
Your friends can’t go until he finishes cleaning his bicycle.
4. It \ This \That is \was + 序数词 + time that------
这是\那是第----次做某事，从句中的时态必须用完成时，如果系动词是is，则用现在完成时；如果系动词是was，则用过去完成时
It is the first time that he has written letters in English.这是\他第一次用英语写信。
That was the third time that I had been to Beijing.那是我第三次去北京。
5. It is no use/good +doing sth.
It is no use talking with him. 事事抱怨是没有好处的
It is no good complaining about everything.
Step 4 Practice
Get the students to read the notes and do some exercises.
Step5. Homework
read the notes after class and finish the exercises on the Work book.
Step6 Record after teaching
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Period 4 Reading and Writing
教学重点
Develop the students’ reading and writing ability.
教学难点
Develop the students’ writing skills by reading, discussing and writing a letter to give advice on friendship.
教学方法
Task-based teaching and learning
Cooperative learning
Discussion
教具准备
A tape recorder and other normal teaching tools
三维目标
Knowledge aims:
Get the students to learn the following words and useful expressions.
teenager get along with fall in love advice communicate
Get the students to know how to write a letter to offer advice.
Ability aims:
Enable the students to write a letter to offer advice on friendship.
Emotional aims:
Develop and improve the students’ ability to help others solve such problems as how to communicate with people, how to make friends and be good friends, and so on.
Step 1Guided writing
如何写建议信
写作技巧
书信是人们交流情感，表达友谊的重要形式之一。人们通常用书信（letter）来表达朋友之间的友谊和进行情感交流，由于文化背景与习俗的不同，英文书信与中文书信在格式上有较大差异，需特别注意。
建议信是向收信人对某事提出写信人的忠告和建议。建议信有可能是写给个人或者某个组织和机构，要写出写信的原因，建议的内容，提出建议的理由。建议信要写得简明扼要，目的明确，具有合理性和说服力。
具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”，通常以firstly，secondly，thirdly 或to begin/start with， then，later，last but not least（最后但同样重要）。
首段：表明写作意图，陈述事由，简单介绍自己，，注意语气。
中段：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。千万注意不要让别人以为你是在投诉，而是提建议。
尾段：对提出的建议进行总结，要注意礼貌，使读者容易接受。
常用句型
（1）建议信开头常用句式：
I am writing to express my views concerning….
You have asked for my advice about… and I will try to make some suggestions.
表达建议常用句式：
I think the most suitable…for you is…
I would like to suggest that…
You’d better…/It’s better to…
As far as I am concerned…/In my opinion…
For one thing …,for another…
If I were you, I would…
It seems to me that you could...
(3) 建议信结尾常用句式：
I think it would be beneficial if you could…
I believe you will take my advice into account.
I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions practical/useful/helpful.
I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.（在这方面/在这点上）
Step2. Pre-writing
1) Let students read the letter quickly .Go through the directions on Page7.
2) Let them work with a partner to come up with some suggestions about how to change the situation. Teacher can guide them to do it by asking questions.
e g .Are you good at communicating with people
① For those students who say they are good at communicating with people, ask them:
How do you start talking to strangers
What do you talk about with them
Could you give some advice to those students who are not good at communicating with people
②For those students who say they are not good at communicating with people, you can ask them to listen to other people’ s advice.
3) Ask each pair to share their suggestions with another pair and compare ideas. Let them choose two of the best ideas with reasons and add them to the chart in the textbook on Page7.
Step3. While-writing
According to the directions2&3 on page 7, ask the students to study the sample carefully and write their first draft based on the chart. Teacher can give the students some advice.
Suggested steps:
1).
A letter to Xiaodong
The topic sentence
Structure (your point of view)
Body (your reasons)
Conclusion
2). Useful points used in the letter
Make an effort to change the situation.
Start talking to people about what you both like.
Join in people’s discussion.
Show your interest in their talk.
Try to make friends with one or two classmates.
3).
4). Exchanging the writing
When the first draft is completed, ask the students to swap their writing with a partner and pick out mistakes. They should explain why things need to be changed.
5). The second writing
Let them write the second draft and hand it in to the teacher.
Step4 . Post-writing
Have a discussion in groups.
Is your letter well developed
Are your ideas well organized to the point
Do you have a good choice of words and idioms in your writing
Do you get a good mastery of the sentence structure
What kind of mistakes have you made in your writing What can you do to avoid such mistakes
Step5. Closing the class by studying proverbs
＊Friends are like wine, the older, and the better.
＊When you meet your friend, your face shines—you have found gold.
＊The best mirror is an old friend.
＊Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light.
Step6. Homework
Finish off the workbook exercises.
Write a short passage about your friend.
教后记
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