2021年中考英语二轮语法训练：名词及名词短语 含答案

名词及名词短语
一．名词
名词的种类：
专有名词
普通名词
国名地名人名，团体机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
II.
名词的数：
1.
规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：
规则
例词
1
一般情况在词尾加-s
map-maps,
sea-seas,
girl-girls,
day-days
2
以s,
x,
ch,
sh结尾的名词后加-es
class-classes,
box-boxes,
watch-watches,
dish-dishes
3
以-f或-fe结尾的词
变-f和-fe为v再加-es
leaf-leaves,
thief-thieves,
knife-knives,
wife-wives,
half-halves
加-s
chief-chiefs,
proof-proofs,
roof-roofs
4
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es
party-parties,
family-families,
story-stories,
city-cities
5
以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s
toy-toys,
boy-boys,
day-days,
ray-rays,
Henry-Henrys
6
以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词
一般加-es
Negro-Negroes,
hero-heroes,
potato-potatoes,
tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s
piano-pianos,
photo-photos,
auto-autos,
kilo-kilos,
solo-solos
两者皆可
zero-zeros/zeroes,
volcano-volcanoes/
volcanos
7
以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s
radio-radios,
bamboo-bamboos,
zoo-zoos
8
以-th结尾的名词加-s
truth-truths,
mouth-mouths,
month-months,
path-paths,
2.
不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
规则
例词
1
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men,
woman-women,
foot-feet,
goose-geese,
mouse-mice
2
单复数相同
sheep,
deer,
means,
works,
fish,
yuan,
jin,
3
只有复数形式
trousers,
clothes,
thanks,
goods,
glasses,
4
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people,
police
5
部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）
class,
family,
crowd,
couple,
group,
government,
population,
team,
public,
party
6
复数形式表示特别含义
customs(海关),
times(时代),
spirits(情绪),
drinks(饮料),
sands(沙滩),
papers(文件报纸),
looks(外表),
brains(头脑智力),
greens(青菜)
7
表示“某国人”
加-s
Americans,
Australians,
Germans,
Greeks,
Swedes,
Europeans
单复数同形
Swiss,
Portuguese,
Chinese,
Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
Englishmen,
Frenchwomen
8
合成名词
将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law,
lookers-on,
passers-by,
story-tellers,
boy
friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups,
housewives,
stopwatches
将两部分变为复数
women
singers,
men
servants
III.
名词的所有格：
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。
1.
’s所有格的构成：
单数名词在末尾加’s
the
boy’s
father,
Jack’s
book,
her
son-in-law’s
photo,
复数名词
一般在末尾加’
the
teachers’
room,
the
twins’
mother,
不规则复数名词后加’s
the
children’s
toys,
women’s
rights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’
Dickens’
novels,
Charles’s
job,
the
Smiths’
house
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s
Japan’s
and
America’s
problems,
Jane’s
and
Mary’s
bikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s
Japan
and
America’s
problems,
Jane
and
Mary’s
father
表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略
the
doctor’s,
the
barber’s,
the
tailor’s,
my
uncle’s
2.
’s所有格的用法：
１
表示时间
today’s
newspaper,
five
weeks’
holiday
2
表示自然现象
the
earth’s
atmosphere,
the
tree’s
branches
3
表示国家城市等地方的名词
the
country’s
plan,
the
world’s
population,
China’s
industry
4
表示工作群体
the
ship’s
crew,
majority’s
view,
the
team’s
victory
5
表示度量衡及价值
a
mile’s
journey,
five
dollars’
worth
of
apples
6
与人类活动有特殊关系的名词
the
life’s
time,
the
play’s
plot
7
某些固定词组
a
bird’s
eye
view,
a
stone’s
throw,
at
one’s
wit’s
end(不知所措)
3.
of所有格的用法：
用于无生命的东西：the
legs
of
the
chair,
the
cover
of
the
book
用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the
classrooms
of
the
first-year
students
用于名词化的词：the
struggle
of
the
oppressed
1.
Betty
has
a
beautiful
_________.
She
wants
to
be
a
singer
in
the
future.
A.
voice
B.
look
C.
noise
D.
sound
2.---
What
should
we
do
for
the
camping
trip?
---
We’d
better
make
a
of
things
like
foods,
drinks,
medicine
and
so
on.
A.
list
B.
card
C.
report
3.
Which
word
goes
with
the
sound?
A.
snack
B.
smile
C.
state
D.
snake
4.
—Look!
They
are
.
—Yes.
We
are
proud
of
them.
A.
man
scientist
B.
women
scientists
C.
woman
scientists
D.man
scientists
5--Here
is
my
family___.We
took
it
last
year.
A.member
B.name
C.photo
D.house
6．（1分）I'd
like
some_____and_____．
A．banana；
tomato
B．bananas；
tomato
C．bananas；
tomatoes
D．banana；
tomatoes
7．（1分）In
China，
the
color
red
is
the
________of
good
luck
A．dream
B．way
C．symbol
D．reason
8．（1分）﹣﹣﹣The
air
is
very
fresh
in
our
city．
There
is
less
than
before．
﹣﹣﹣Yes．
The
government
has
taken
action
to
protect
the
environment
A．wood
B．pollution
C．noise
D．water
9.
I'm
not
hungry
at
all
because
I
have
just
had
much
___________.
A.
bread
B.
pears
C.
eggs
10．（1分）Jane
is
very
thirsty，
so
she
needs
some
．
A．water
B．bread
C．cakes
D．rice
11．（1分）My
cousin
and
I
often
walk
to
the______to
see
pandas
on
weekends．
A．bank
B．zoo
C．market
12．（1分）﹣﹣Would
you
please______your
e﹣mail
address？
I
missed
it
just
now．
﹣﹣No
problem．It's
fox@163．com．
A．repeat
B．review
C．record
13.
I
like
this
song.
It’s
by
one
of
my
favorite_________
A.
singers??????????????????
B.
dancers?????????????????
C.
painters?????????????????
D.
writers
14For
his
son’s
birthday,
Steven
is
taking
him
to
the
new
movie
as
a
.
A.
task
B.
treat
C.
choice
D.
visit
15.The
problems
are
difficult
to
solve.Please
give
me
____.
A.
many
advice
B.some
advice
C.
an
advice
D.some
advices
16.?Tim?got?four
____
from?his?relatives?on?Children?s?Day.
A.
toy
B.
toys
C.
toies
17.
Journey
to
the
West
is
a
traditional
____
book.
It
has
been
translated
into
different
languages.
A.
American
B.
British
C.
Chinese
18.
—Igorunning
every
day.
—Wow!
That’s
a
good
________.
It
keeps
you
healthy.
A.
task
B.
exercise
C.
habit
19.
—Oh,
my
God!
We
have
missed
the
last
bus.
What
shall
we
do?
—I’m
afraid
that
we
have
no____
but
Io
take
a
Laxi,
A.
idea
B.
decision
C.
reason
D.
choice
20.
-
More
and
more
foreigners
come
to
visit
the
Gfeat
Wall.
-Tnat's
true.
It
is
the____of
China_
A.
praise
B,pride
C,effort
D.courage
21.
—
Creative
morning____
are
popularin
our
school.
—Yes，we
dance
to
fun
music,
such
as
the
song
Calorie(卡路里).
A.
exams
B.
exercises
C.examples
D.expressions
22.
—Nowadays
more
and
more
foreigners
are
becoming
interested
in
Kungfu.
—
That’s
true.
It’s
an
important
part
of
Chinese____.
A.
invention
B.story
C.
culture
D.
custom
23.—Dad,
what
is
the
loudspeaker
saying?
—It
is
to
the.
The
flight
to
Wuhan
is
boarding
now.
A.
customers
B.
passengers
C.
members
D.
tourists
24一Everyone
should
stick
to
his
dream.
一Yes.
A
life
without
a
dream
is
like
a
bird
without
________,
which
can't
fly.
A.
wings
B.
water
C.
clouds
D.
food
25.
-I
know
little
about
this
product.
-Surf
the
Internet,
and
you
will
get
much
_________about
it.
A.
information
B.
message
C.
suggestion
26.
We
should
brush
our
________
every
day.
A.
tooth
B.
teeth
C.
hand
27.
Which
underlined
letter
pronounces
differently
from
the
others?
A.
planet
B.
camping
C.
rabbit
D.
shape
28.
On
April
24,
Xie
Wenjun
raced
to
gold
in
the
__________110-meter
hurdles
at
the
Asian
Athletics
Championships
in
Qatar
A.
man
B.
men
C.
men's
D.
mens'
29.
US
scientist
Edward
T.
Hall
said
that
in
a
conversation
between
two
people,
65%
of
_________
is
done
through
body
language.
A.
application
B.
pronunciation
C.
introduction
D.
communication
30.
High-speed
trains
are
seen
as
one
of
the
new
Four
Great
of
China.
A.
Achievements
B.
Agreements
C.
Environments
D.
Instruments
31.
-
Keep
quiet!
I
need
complete__________
when
I'm
working.
-Sorry,
dad.
I
won't
make
any
noise
again.
A.
trust
B.
silence
C.
control
D.
strength
32.
–Anna,
how
does
the
dress
look
on
me?
-To
tell
you
the
________,
it
doesn’t
fit
you
well.
A.
trade
B.
trust
C.
truth
D.
treat
33.
My
mother
has
a
poor
_________of
direction,
so
she
is
always
afraid
to
go
out
alone.
A.
scene
B.
silence
C.
service
D.
sense
34.
Look
at
the
two
_________over
there.
They
are
teaching
the
girls
to
play
the
guitar.
A.
women
teachers
B.
woman
teachers
C.
woman
teacher
35.
My
daughter
helps
me
cook,
but
she
isn’t
old
enough
to
be
left
alone
in
the
__________.
A.
bedroom
B.
classroom
C.
lab
D.
kitchen
36.
If
I
leave
my
house
at
9
o'clock
and
drive
to
the
airport,
I'll
arrive
at
about
11.
So
it's
about
two
_________drive
from
my
house
to
the
airport.
A.
hours'
B.
hour's
C.
hours
37.
After
years
of
war,
the
people
in
Syria
are
thirsty
for
____________.
A.
price
B.
noise
C.
peace
D.
course
38.
—
Lucy,
how
about
going
to
the
?
—
Sounds
great!
Reading
books
can
give
us
much
pleasure.
A.
library
B.
cinema
C.
museum
D.
concert
39.
The
number
of
the
people
using
Huawei
________is
getting
larger
and
larger.
A.
cultures
B.
customers
C.
products
D.
histories
40.
—I’m
not
sure
what
to
write
about
The
Secret
Garden
in
the
report.
—You
should
read
some
_____
about
the
book
before
writing.
A.
reviews
B.
reasons
C.
results
D.
rewards
41.
When
I
think
of
the
worried
_______
of
foreign
students
who
are
learning
Chinese,
I
can
go
to
study
English
calmly.
A.
looks
B.
designs
C.
efforts
D.
needs
42.
Schools
are
good
places
for
students
to
get
__________and
make
friends.
A.
background
B.
knowledge
C.
attention
D.
competition
43.
The
article
gives
students
some___________
about
how
to
stay
safe
online.
A.
suggestions
B.
activities
C.
decisions
D.
advantages
44.WeChat（微信）is
one
of
the
most
convenient
ways
of
.
A.information
B.competition
C.communication
D.pollution
45.
To
keep
our
city
beautiful,
the
are
always
very
busy
in
the
streets.
We
shouldn’t
throw
rubbish
everywhere.
A.policemen
B.cleaners
C.
drivers
46.Night
Safari
is
an
amazing
__________
and
you
can
watch
animals
there
at
night.
A.
school
B.
zoo
C.
hospital
47.
Upstairs
are
bedrooms.
They
are
tidy
and
nice.
But
are
in
a
mess.
A.
Lily’s
and
Lucy’s;
our
B.
Lily’s
and
Lucy’s;
ours
C.
Lily’s
and
Lucy;
ours
D.
Lily
and
Lucy’s;
our
48.
The
food
safety
is
a
serious
in
many
countries.
People
should
try
to
solve
it.
A.
subject
B.
program
C.
problem
D.
opinion
49.
The
_____________of
the
2019
Beijing
International
Horticultural
Expo(园艺博览会)is“Live
Green,
Live
Better.”
A.symbol
B.condition
C.theme
D.invention
50.
-
Sir,
did
you
enjoy
your
stay
in
our________________?
-
Yes,
I
slept
well
and
I
like
the
breakfast.
A.
hotel
B.
school
C.
factory
D.
company
51.
One
____
of
the
book
is
missing,
so
I
can’t
learn
the
whole
story.
A.
copy
B.
page
C.
writer
D.
reader
答案：1.
AADBC
6.
CCBAA
11.
BAABB
16.
BCCDB
21.
DCBAA
26.BDCDA
31.
BCDAD
36.
ACACA
41.
ABACB
46.
BBCCA
51.B