(共30张PPT)
考纲解读
代词的考查要点主要包括：
1、考查人称代词的宾格在简略答语种的使用
2、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的用法
3、It,
one,
ones,
that,
those
作替代词的用法区别
4、It表时间，天气，距离等句型及it作形式主语，形式宾语的用法
5、不定代词each,
any,
every
的用法
命题解读
?
代词在近年高考试题中出现频率很高，每年至少测试一道题。一般常见的考点分布在：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等，尤其是不定代词的考查更是重中之重。
1.【2020·山东】As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
and
imagine
_________
(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
walking
through
a
rainforest.
考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
2.
【2020·新课标I】Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
much
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether____
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.?
考查代词。此处指“它未来的月球基地计划是否可行”,plans是名词,此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its起限定作用。
真题演练
themselves
its
语法填空
3.
【2020·海南】Readers
are
encouraged
to
continue
exploring
the
digital
world
with
the
guidance
of_______（we）Further
Resources
section
featured
in
each
volume.
考查代词。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词Further
Resources
section，前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。
4.【2019·北京】I
know
I
will
whisper
to
_________(I)
the
two
simple
words
“Be
yourself”.
考查反身代词，此处用作宾语，表示对自己低声说，所以用“myself”。
our
myself
真题演练
语法填空中代词常出现的考点：
1.
考查人称代词的主格和宾格；
2．考查物主代词的基本用法；
3．考查it的基本用法；
4．考查不定代词和替代词的基本用法。
如何判断空格处应填代词？
（1）无提示词时可能填代词。
（2）作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。
（3）指示代词（it和this）,不定代词，it用作引导词,反身代词等考查较多。
【广东省2021届高三新高考适应性测试卷（一）】You
give
______
(you)
no
choice
but
to
learn
it
and
every
reason
to
learn
it
well!
考查代词。句意：你除了学它，并且学好它，别无选择。空处作give的宾语，根据句意可知此处表示“你自己”。故填yourself。
考点落实
yourself
真题演练
1.(2020?全国卷Ⅰ)＂Not
that
way，＂
my
mom
tried
to
stop
us
but
failed.
_________________
2.(2020?全国卷Ⅱ)Best
of
luck
with
yours
learning
kung
fu
in
China.____________
3.(2020?全国卷Ⅲ)But
he
insists
on
us
eating
healthy
food.
___________________
短文改错
us→me
yours→your
he→she
真题演练
yourselves→themselves
another→other
us→me
真题演练
短文改错中代词常出现的考点：
1．代词单复数的错用；
2．人称代词与物主代词的错用；
3．不定代词的错用；
4．代词与其所指代的对象不符。
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词、连接代词等.
考点落实
代词的概述
考点落实
考点落实
考点落实
1.
人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。
The
students
must
be
made
to
understand
how
important
each
subject
is
to
them.
2.句中没有谓语动词，人称代词要用宾格。
—The
town
is
so
beautiful！I
just
love
it.
—Me
too.
3.在than,
as后用主格、宾格都可以。
I'm
taller
than
she/her.
I'm
as
tall
as
she/her.
4.在作表语时，用宾格较多，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
I
met
her
in
the
hospital.
→
It
was
I
who
met
her
in
the
hospital.
人称代词
考点落实
1.
名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词。
Look
at
the
two
pencils.
The
red
one
is
your
pencil,
the
blue
one
is
mine.
(mine＝my
pencil)
2.形容词性物主代词不与a/an,
any,
this,
that,
these,
some,
several,
no,
each,
another等词连用。
3.当形容词性物主代词与all和both连用时，必须放在all和both之后。
Anyway,
I
can't
cheat
him—it's
against
all
my
principles.
物主代词
考点落实
1.
作宾语时，常用在介词for,
of,
in,
between,
among或动词后。
You
shouldn't
leave
the
child
at
home
by
himself.
含有反身代词的习惯用语有：
seat
oneself；behave
oneself；enjoy
oneself；come
to
oneself；devote
oneself
to；adapt
oneself
to；
accustom
oneself
to。
2.作表语、同位语：用于be,
feel,
seem,
look等后，作表语，表示身体处于正常状态；作同位语时，主要用于加强名词的语气，
可紧跟在名词后面或位于句尾。
I'm
not
myself
today.
反身代词
考点落实
1.
none既可指人也可指物，多与表示范围的介词of连用；与数量有关，可回答how
many或how
much类的问句，表示“一个也没有”。
My
brother
would
like
to
buy
a
good
watch
but
none
was
available
from
that
shop.
2.nobody/no
one不能与of连用，只能指人，表示“什么人也没有”，可回答who引导的疑问句。
Nobody
can
be
good
at
something
for
40
years
if
he
doesn't
love
it.
3.nothing表示“什么也没有”，用来否定一切，可回答what引导的疑问句。
none,
nobody/no
one,
nothing
考点落实
1.
another指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。
Recycling
is
one
way
to
protect
the
environment;
reusing
is
another.
2.other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义。
3.the
other指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用，构成one...the
other...表示“一个……另一个……”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”。
I
have
two
books;
one
is
English,
and
the
other
is
French.
4.others单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the
others。
In
some
countries,
people
eat
with
chopsticks,
while
in
others,
knives
and
forks.
another,
other,
the
other,
others,
the
others
考点落实
either
肯定意义
表示“两者中的一个”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
both
肯定意义
表示“两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
neither
否定意义
表示“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
all
肯定意义
作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一致
none
否定意义
作主语后接复数名词时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；后接不可数名词时，
谓语动词用单数
any
肯定意义
作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，常与of连用
either,
both,
neither,
all,
none,
any
注意：1.
both,
all与not连用表示部分否定；表示全部否定应用neither,
none。
2.区分
the
other和the
rest
of：the
other只能修饰可数单数名词或复数名词；the
rest
of既可以
修饰复数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。
考点落实
1.
anything
but
根本不；nothing
but仅仅，只不过；something
like大约，类似；
anything
like完全像，全然。
They
can
get
something
like
￡3,000
a
year.
2.
somebody有时有“重要人物”之意，nobody则指“小人物，无名之辈”。
She
rose
from
being
nobody
to
become
a
superstar.
She
thinks
she's
really
somebody
in
that
car.
3.
something
of
a/an颇有几分，堪称。
He
is
something
of
a
book
collector.
4.
anywhere
between大约
I
think
Mrs
Stark
could
be
anywhere
between
50
and
60
years
of
age.
复合不定代词
考点落实
1、指代前面提到的事物或上文提到的事件。
2、指代baby,child等不知道性别的人。
3、指代时间和季节、天气、距离或某种情况。
4、用作形式主语或宾语,替代不定式、动词-ing形式或that从句。
5、hate,dislike,enjoy,appreciate等心理方面的动词后面接it,然后再
跟从句,it代指从句所表达的内容。
6、it用于“It
takes
sb+时间+to
do...”,make
it(成功,赶上)等固定搭配中。
7、“It
is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他成分”是强调句型。
考点落实
考点练习
Suddenly
___began
to
rain.
He
found
__
hard
to
walk
there.
Then
he
took
a
bus
home.
Unfortunately
___
went
wrong.
When
he
got
home,
he
was
wet
through.
Thus
___
was
a
day
that
he
would
never
forget.
it
it
it
it
____
was
a
sunny
day.
Peter
decided
to
go
for
a
walk
to
the
park,
though
_____
was
two
miles
away.
___
was
so
comfortable
to
walk
on
the
street.
It
It
it
考点落实
指示代词、疑问代词
1.this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this还可以指下文将要谈到的人或物。
2.that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that还可以指上文提到过的人或物。
3.such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数。
4.so代替一个句子或短语所表达的内容，意为“如此，这样”。在believe,
think,
expect,
suppose,
imagine,
guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点。
指示代词this,
that,
these,
those,
such,
so
考点落实
1.
one替代上文单数可数名词，表泛指，同类不同一，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。
The
train
was
crowded
so
we
decided
to
catch
a
later
one.
2.
ones替代上文出现的名词复数，表泛指，同类不同一。
3.
that替代上文出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词，表特指，同类不同一，相当于“the＋单数可数名词/不可数名词”。一般不和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语。
His
own
experience
was
different
from
that
of
his
friends.
4.
those是that的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，同类不同一。
The
books
on
the
desk
are
better
than
those/the
ones
under
the
desk.
5.
it替代上文提到的“同一”事物。
I
love
the
spring—it
is
a
wonderful
time
of
the
year.
one,
ones,
that,
those与it作替代词时的区别
考点落实
1.
whatever,
whichever,
whoever,
whomever分别是what,
which,
who,
whom的强调形式，表示说话人的惊讶、愤慨、困惑等感彩。
Whatever
can
you
mean?
Whoever
thought
up
that
joke?
2.四个特殊短语
What
for...？为何？
What
if...？要是……会怎么样？
What/How
about...？……怎么样？(表示征求意见，常接动名词)，
So
what？那又怎样？
疑问代词
答题原则
代词与语法填空
1.人称、物主、反身代词词类：“成分”是关键
(1)如果句中缺主语，则用人称代词的主格；(2)如果句中缺宾语或表语，则用人称
代词的宾格；(3)如果句中缺定语，则用形容词性物主代词；(4)如果主语和宾语代表同
一个人或物，宾语则用反身代词。
2．不定代词类：“范围”要搞清
(1)二者选其一用either；都不选用neither；都选用both；(2)三者或以上的任何一个用
any；都不选用none；都选用all。
3．it类：“指代”要辨明
(1)如果指代上下文同一事物，用it；
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离用it；
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语用it。
答题原则
代词与短文改错
1.
分析句子成分，看句中主语或宾语是否有缺失或者多余。如果缺少主语，则需要添加人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；如果缺宾语，则可以添加人称代词宾格；如果宾语和主语指同一个人或物，则应用反身代词。
2．检查搭配，看名词前是否需要代词。如果名词前需要代词，则需添加形容词性物主代词。
3．通读全文，通过上下文的语境检查代词指代是否一致。
4．根据句式结构，判断句子是否为it的特殊句式，it作形式主语、形式宾语或在强调句中。一些固定句式中it的用法也要注意。
5．对不定代词的考查主要集中在其指代范围，这就需要分析上下文意义，看代词是肯定还是否定，是指代两者还是三者或三者以上，从而确定不定代词的使用是否合适。
谢谢
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代词练习
1.【2020·全国新课标I】Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
much
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
_____
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
2.【2019·天津】A
study
shows
the
students
who
are
engaged
in
after-school
activities
are
happier
than
_________who
are
not.
3.【2018·新课标卷III·短文改错】Some
of
us
were
confident
and
eager
to
take
part
in
the
class
activity,
others
were
nervous
and
anxious.
I
had
done
myself
homework
but
I
was
shy.
4.【2018.全国卷III】When
the
gorillas
and
I
frightened
each
other,
I
was
just
glad
to
find
_________(they)
alive.
5.【2018.浙江卷】Many
westerners
that
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
can
be
to
eat
out.
6.【河北省2021届高三上学期10月联考】Scientists
often
compare
coral
reefs
to
underwater
rainforests,
yet
unlike
the
leafy
plant
base
of
a
forest,
corals
are
animals.
The
soft
organs
inside
the
hard
parts
of
corals
are
naturally
transparent
and
get
________(they)
famously
brilliant
color
from
algae(藻类）living
inside
them.
7.【云贵川桂四省2021届高三上学期10月联合考试】Scientists
often
compare
coral
reefs
to
underwater
rainforests,
yet
unlike
the
leafy
plant
base
of
a
forest,
corals
are
animals.
The
soft
organs
inside
the
hard
parts
of
corals
are
naturally
transparent
and
get
_____(they)
famously
brilliant
color
from
algae(藻类）living
inside
them.
8.【2020届北京市昌平区高三二模】Human
beings
love
the
world
of
nature
that
surrounds1．
(we),
and
we
enjoy
seeing
the
wild
world
up
close.
9.【2020·哈三中质检】By
that
time,
the
panda
no
longer
needed
(it)mother
for
food.
10.【2020.绥化一中三模】A
few
hours
earlier,
I’d
been
at
home
in
Hong
Kong,
with
(it)
choking
smog.
11.The
girl
was
sitting
on
the
chair
quietly,
burying
___________
(she)
in
the
magazine
in
the
hands.
12.My
father
kept
_________(him)
word
and
treated
me
to
a
wonderful
sightseeing
trip
after
I
won
the
contest.
13.I
wish
to
thank
Mr.
Smith,
and
without
__________(he)
help
I
would
never
have
got
this
far.
14.The
internet
was
designed
to
make
________
easier
for
people
to
access
the
information.
15.I'd
appreciate
________
if
you
would
like
to
teach
me
how
to
use
this
computer.
16.To
earn
respect,
we
should
devote__________（us）to
study
and
achieve
high
grades.
17.The
Qing
Dynasty(AD1616-1911)
had
twelve
emperors,
nine
of
_____
buried
in
the
two
groups
of
tombs
in
Heibei
Province.
18.If
you
want
to
go
to
the
party
with
me,
you
should
behave
??????????(you)
well.
19.Generation
after
generation,
our
forefathers
worked
hard
and
created
a
splendid
culture
on
this
land
of
_________________(us).
20.No
matter
when
I
go
to
a
post
office
and
no
matter
where
the
post
office
is,
I
always
find
________
(me)
standing
in
a
line
behind
someone
who
has
a
lot
of
business
to
do.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
代词学案
真题演练
语法填空
1.【2020·山东】As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
and
imagine
_________
(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
walking
through
a
rainforest.
2.
【2020·新课标I】Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
much
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether____
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.?
3.
【2020·海南】Readers
are
encouraged
to
continue
exploring
the
digital
world
with
the
guidance
of_______（we）Further
Resources
section
featured
in
each
volume.
4.【2019·北京】I
know
I
will
whisper
to
_________(I)
the
two
simple
words
“Be
yourself”.
※
语法填空中代词常出现的考点：
1.
考查人称代词的主格和宾格；
2．考查物主代词的基本用法；
3．考查it的基本用法；
4．考查不定代词和替代词的基本用法。
如何判断空格处应填代词？
（1）无提示词时可能填代词。
（2）作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。
（3）指示代词（it和this）,不定代词，it用作引导词,反身代词等考查较多。
【广东省2021届高三新高考适应性测试卷（一）】You
give
______
(you)
no
choice
but
to
learn
it
and
every
reason
to
learn
it
well!
短文改错
1.(2020?全国卷Ⅰ)＂Not
that
way，＂
my
mom
tried
to
stop
us
but
failed.
_________________
2.(2020?全国卷Ⅱ)Best
of
luck
with
yours
learning
kung
fu
in
China.____________
3.(2020?全国卷Ⅲ)But
he
insists
on
us
eating
healthy
food.
4．(2019?全国卷Ⅲ)In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
yourselves
in
the
historical
environment
that/which
is
created
for
them.
________________________
5．(2018?全国卷Ⅰ)The
first
time
I
went
there,
they
were
living
in
a
small
house
with
dogs,
ducks,
and
another
animals.
____________________
6．(2018?全国卷Ⅱ)They
would
say
to
us
that
playing
card
games
would
help
my
brain.
____________
短文改错中代词常出现的考点：
1．代词单复数的错用；
2．人称代词与物主代词的错用；
3．不定代词的错用；
4．代词与其所指代的对象不符。
二、考点落实
代词的概述：代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词、连接代词等.
考点一
人称代词、物主代词、
类别
功能
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称代词
主格
作主语
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
作宾语
you
you
him
her
it
them
物主代词
形容词性
作定语
your
your
his
her
its
their
名词性
作主、表或宾语
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
反身代词
作宾、表同位语
your?self
your?selves
him?self
her?self
it?self
them?selves
人称代词：
1.
人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。
The
students
must
be
made
to
understand
how
important
each
subject
is
to
them.
2.句中没有谓语动词，人称代词要用宾格。
—The
town
is
so
beautiful！I
just
love
it.
—Me
too.
3.在than,
as后用主格、宾格都可以。
I'm
taller
than
she/her.
I'm
as
tall
as
she/her.
4.在作表语时，用宾格较多，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
I
met
her
in
the
hospital.
→
It
was
I
who
met
her
in
the
hospital.
物主代词：
1.
名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词。
Look
at
the
two
pencils.
The
red
one
is
your
pencil,
the
blue
one
is
mine.
(mine＝my
pencil)
2.形容词性物主代词不与a/an,
any,
this,
that,
these,
some,
several,
no,
each,
another等词连用。
3.当形容词性物主代词与all和both连用时，必须放在all和both之后。
Anyway,
I
can't
cheat
him—it's
against
all
my
principles.
反身代词：
1.
作宾语时，常用在介词for,
of,
in,
between,
among或动词后。
You
shouldn't
leave
the
child
at
home
by
himself.
含有反身代词的习惯用语有：
seat
oneself；behave
oneself；enjoy
oneself；come
to
oneself；devote
oneself
to；adapt
oneself
to；
accustom
oneself
to。
2.作表语、同位语：用于be,
feel,
seem,
look等后，作表语，表示身体处于正常状态；作同位语时，主要用于加强名词的语气，
可紧跟在名词后面或位于句尾。
I'm
not
myself
today.
考点二
不定代词
none,
nobody/no
one,
nothing
1.
none既可指人也可指物，多与表示范围的介词of连用；与数量有关，可回答how
many或how
much类的问句，表示“一个也没有”。
My
brother
would
like
to
buy
a
good
watch
but
none
was
available
from
that
shop.
2.nobody/no
one不能与of连用，只能指人，表示“什么人也没有”，可回答who引导的疑问句。
Nobody
can
be
good
at
something
for
40
years
if
he
doesn't
love
it.
3.nothing表示“什么也没有”，用来否定一切，可回答what引导的疑问句。
another,
other,
the
other,
others,
the
others
1.
another指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。
Recycling
is
one
way
to
protect
the
environment;
reusing
is
another.
2.other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义。
3.the
other指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用，构成one...the
other...表示“一个……另一个……”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”。
I
have
two
books;
one
is
English,
and
the
other
is
French.
4.others单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the
others。
In
some
countries,
people
eat
with
chopsticks,
while
in
others,
knives
and
forks.
either,
both,
neither,
all,
none,
any
either
肯定意义
表示“两者中的一个”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
both
肯定意义
表示“两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
neither
否定意义
表示“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
all
肯定意义
作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一致
none
否定意义
作主语后接复数名词时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数
any
肯定意义
作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，常与of连用
注意：1.
both,
all与not连用表示部分否定；表示全部否定应用neither,
none。
2.区分
the
other和the
rest
of：the
other只能修饰可数单数名词或复数名词；the
rest
of既可以修饰复数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。
复合不定代词
1.
anything
but
根本不；nothing
but仅仅，只不过；something
like大约，类似；anything
like完全像，全然。
They
can
get
something
like
￡3,000
a
year.
2.
somebody有时有“重要人物”之意，nobody则指“小人物，无名之辈”。
She
rose
from
being
nobody
to
become
a
superstar.
She
thinks
she's
really
somebody
in
that
car.
3.
something
of
a/an颇有几分，堪称。
He
is
something
of
a
book
collector.
4.
anywhere
between大约
I
think
Mrs
Stark
could
be
anywhere
between
50
and
60
years
of
age
考点三
it
的用法
1、指代前面提到的事物或上文提到的事件。
2、指代baby,child等不知道性别的人。
3、指代时间和季节、天气、距离或某种情况。
4、用作形式主语或宾语,替代不定式、动词-ing形式或that从句。
5、hate,dislike,enjoy,appreciate等心理方面的动词后面接it,然后再
跟从句,it代指从句所表达的内容。
6、it用于“It
takes
sb+时间+to
do...”,make
it(成功,赶上)等固定搭配中。
7、“It
is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他成分”是强调句型。
含有it的常考短语和句型：
It
depends. 视情况而定。
Take
it
easy.
别着急。
believe
it
or
not
信不信由你
make
it
成功；做到；约定时间
take
it
for
granted
that...
认为……是理所当然的
as
someone
puts
it
像某人所说的那样
When
it
comes
to...
当涉及/谈到……
owe
it
to
sb.that...
把……归功于某人
练习：填空，并说明每空所填词语用法
____
was
a
sunny
day.
Peter
decided
to
go
for
a
walk
to
the
park,
though
_____
was
two
miles
away.
___
was
so
comfortable
to
walk
on
the
street.
Suddenly
___began
to
rain.
He
found
__
hard
to
walk
there.
Then
he
took
a
bus
home.
Unfortunately
___
went
wrong.
When
he
got
home,
he
was
wet
through.
Thus
___
was
a
day
that
he
would
never
forget.
考点四
指示代词、疑问代词
指示代词this,
that,
these,
those,
such,
so
1.this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this还可以指下文将要谈到的人或物。
2.that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that还可以指上文提到过的人或物。
3.such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数。
4.so代替一个句子或短语所表达的内容，意为“如此，这样”。在believe,
think,
expect,
suppose,
imagine,
guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点。
one,
ones,
that,
those与it作替代词时的区别
1.
one替代上文单数可数名词，表泛指，同类不同一，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。
The
train
was
crowded
so
we
decided
to
catch
a
later
one.
2.
ones替代上文出现的名词复数，表泛指，同类不同一。
3.
that替代上文出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词，表特指，同类不同一，相当于“the＋单数可数名词/不可数名词”。一般不和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语。
His
own
experience
was
different
from
that
of
his
friends.
4.
those是that的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，同类不同一。
The
books
on
the
desk
are
better
than
those/the
ones
under
the
desk.
5.
it替代上文提到的“同一”事物。
I
love
the
spring—it
is
a
wonderful
time
of
the
year.
疑问代词
1.
whatever,
whichever,
whoever,
whomever分别是what,
which,
who,
whom的强调形式，表示说话人的惊讶、愤慨、困惑等感彩。
Whatever
can
you
mean?
Whoever
thought
up
that
joke?
2.四个特殊短语
What
for...？为何？What
if...？要是……会怎么样？
What/How
about...？……怎么样？(表示征求意见，常接动名词)，
So
what？那又怎样？
三、答题原则
代词与语法填空
1.人称、物主、反身代词词类：“成分”是关键
(1)如果句中缺主语，则用人称代词的主格；
(2)如果句中缺宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；
(3)如果句中缺定语，则用形容词性物主代词；
(4)如果主语和宾语代表同一个人或物，宾语则用反身代词。
2．不定代词类：“范围”要搞清
(1)二者选其一用either；都不选用neither；都选用both；
(2)三者或以上的任何一个用any；都不选用none；都选用all。
3．it类：“指代”要辨明
(1)如果指代上下文同一事物，用it；
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离用it；
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语用it。
代词与短文改错
1.
分析句子成分，看句中主语或宾语是否有缺失或者多余。如果缺少主语，则需要添加人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；如果缺宾语，则可以添加人称代词宾格；如果宾语和主语指同一个人或物，则应用反身代词。
2．检查搭配，看名词前是否需要代词。如果名词前需要代词，则需添加形容词性物主代词。
3．通读全文，通过上下文的语境检查代词指代是否一致。
4．根据句式结构，判断句子是否为it的特殊句式，it作形式主语、形式宾语或在强调句中。一些固定句式中it的用法也要注意。
5．对不定代词的考查主要集中在其指代范围，这就需要分析上下文意义，看代词是肯定还是否定，是指代两者还是三者或三者以上，从而确定不定代词的使用是否合适。
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
HYPERLINK
"http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
代词学案
真题演练
语法填空
1.【2020·山东】As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
and
imagine
themselves
(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
walking
through
a
rainforest.
2.
【2020·新课标I】Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
much
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether_its___
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.?
3.
【2020·海南】Readers
are
encouraged
to
continue
exploring
the
digital
world
with
the
guidance
of
our
（we）Further
Resources
section
featured
in
each
volume.
4.【2019·北京】I
know
I
will
whisper
to
myself
(I)
the
two
simple
words
“Be
yourself”.
※
语法填空中代词常出现的考点：
1.
考查人称代词的主格和宾格；
2．考查物主代词的基本用法；
3．考查it的基本用法；
4．考查不定代词和替代词的基本用法。
如何判断空格处应填代词？
（1）无提示词时可能填代词。
（2）作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。
（3）指示代词（it和this）,不定代词，it用作引导词,反身代词等考查较多。
【广东省2021届高三新高考适应性测试卷（一）】You
give
yourself
(you)
no
choice
but
to
learn
it
and
every
reason
to
learn
it
well!
短文改错
1.(2020?全国卷Ⅰ)＂Not
that
way，＂
my
mom
tried
to
stop
us
but
failed.
us→me
2.(2020?全国卷Ⅱ)Best
of
luck
with
yours
learning
kung
fu
in
China.yours→your
3.(2020?全国卷Ⅲ)But
he
insists
on
us
eating
healthy
food.
he→she
4．(2019?全国卷Ⅲ)In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
yourselves
in
the
historical
environment
that/which
is
created
for
them.
yourselves→themselves
5．(2018?全国卷Ⅰ)The
first
time
I
went
there,
they
were
living
in
a
small
house
with
dogs,
ducks,
and
another
animals.
another→other
6．(2018?全国卷Ⅱ)They
would
say
to
us
that
playing
card
games
would
help
my
brain.
us→me
短文改错中代词常出现的考点：
1．代词单复数的错用；
2．人称代词与物主代词的错用；
3．不定代词的错用；
4．代词与其所指代的对象不符。
二、考点落实
代词的概述：代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词、连接代词等.
考点一
人称代词、物主代词、
类别
功能
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称代词
主格
作主语
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
作宾语
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
物主代词
形容词性
作定语
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
名词性
作主、表或宾语
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
反身代词
作宾、表同位语
myself
our?
selves
your?self
your?selves
him?self
her?self
it?self
them?selves
人称代词：
1.
人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。
The
students
must
be
made
to
understand
how
important
each
subject
is
to
them.
2.句中没有谓语动词，人称代词要用宾格。
—The
town
is
so
beautiful！I
just
love
it.
—Me
too.
3.在than,
as后用主格、宾格都可以。
I'm
taller
than
she/her.
I'm
as
tall
as
she/her.
4.在作表语时，用宾格较多，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
I
met
her
in
the
hospital.
→
It
was
I
who
met
her
in
the
hospital.
物主代词：
1.
名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词。
Look
at
the
two
pencils.
The
red
one
is
your
pencil,
the
blue
one
is
mine.
(mine＝my
pencil)
2.形容词性物主代词不与a/an,
any,
this,
that,
these,
some,
several,
no,
each,
another等词连用。
3.当形容词性物主代词与all和both连用时，必须放在all和both之后。
Anyway,
I
can't
cheat
him—it's
against
all
my
principles.
反身代词：
1.
作宾语时，常用在介词for,
of,
in,
between,
among或动词后。
You
shouldn't
leave
the
child
at
home
by
himself.
含有反身代词的习惯用语有：
seat
oneself；behave
oneself；enjoy
oneself；come
to
oneself；devote
oneself
to；adapt
oneself
to；
accustom
oneself
to。
2.作表语、同位语：用于be,
feel,
seem,
look等后，作表语，表示身体处于正常状态；作同位语时，主要用于加强名词的语气，
可紧跟在名词后面或位于句尾。
I'm
not
myself
today.
考点二
不定代词
none,
nobody/no
one,
nothing
1.
none既可指人也可指物，多与表示范围的介词of连用；与数量有关，可回答how
many或how
much类的问句，表示“一个也没有”。
My
brother
would
like
to
buy
a
good
watch
but
none
was
available
from
that
shop.
2.nobody/no
one不能与of连用，只能指人，表示“什么人也没有”，可回答who引导的疑问句。
Nobody
can
be
good
at
something
for
40
years
if
he
doesn't
love
it.
3.nothing表示“什么也没有”，用来否定一切，可回答what引导的疑问句。
another,
other,
the
other,
others,
the
others
1.
another指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。
Recycling
is
one
way
to
protect
the
environment;
reusing
is
another.
2.other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义。
3.the
other指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用，构成one...the
other...表示“一个……另一个……”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”。
I
have
two
books;
one
is
English,
and
the
other
is
French.
4.others单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the
others。
In
some
countries,
people
eat
with
chopsticks,
while
in
others,
knives
and
forks.
either,
both,
neither,
all,
none,
any
either
肯定意义
表示“两者中的一个”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
both
肯定意义
表示“两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
neither
否定意义
表示“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
all
肯定意义
作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一致
none
否定意义
作主语后接复数名词时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数
any
肯定意义
作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，常与of连用
注意：1.
both,
all与not连用表示部分否定；表示全部否定应用neither,
none。
2.区分
the
other和the
rest
of：the
other只能修饰可数单数名词或复数名词；the
rest
of既可以修饰复数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。
复合不定代词
1.
anything
but
根本不；nothing
but仅仅，只不过；something
like大约，类似；anything
like完全像，全然。
They
can
get
something
like
￡3,000
a
year.
2.
somebody有时有“重要人物”之意，nobody则指“小人物，无名之辈”。
She
rose
from
being
nobody
to
become
a
superstar.
She
thinks
she's
really
somebody
in
that
car.
3.
something
of
a/an颇有几分，堪称。
He
is
something
of
a
book
collector.
4.
anywhere
between大约
I
think
Mrs
Stark
could
be
anywhere
between
50
and
60
years
of
age
考点三
it
的用法
1、指代前面提到的事物或上文提到的事件。
2、指代baby,child等不知道性别的人。
3、指代时间和季节、天气、距离或某种情况。
4、用作形式主语或宾语,替代不定式、动词-ing形式或that从句。
5、hate,dislike,enjoy,appreciate等心理方面的动词后面接it,然后再
跟从句,it代指从句所表达的内容。
6、it用于“It
takes
sb+时间+to
do...”,make
it(成功,赶上)等固定搭配中。
7、“It
is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他成分”是强调句型。
含有it的常考短语和句型：
It
depends. 视情况而定。
Take
it
easy.
别着急。
believe
it
or
not
信不信由你
make
it
成功；做到；约定时间
take
it
for
granted
that...
认为……是理所当然的
as
someone
puts
it
像某人所说的那样
When
it
comes
to...
当涉及/谈到……
owe
it
to
sb.that...
把……归功于某人
练习：填空，并说明每空所填词语用法
It
was
a
sunny
day.
Peter
decided
to
go
for
a
walk
to
the
park,
though
it
was
two
miles
away.
It
was
so
comfortable
to
walk
on
the
street.
Suddenly
it
began
to
rain.
He
found
it
hard
to
walk
there.
Then
he
took
a
bus
home.
Unfortunately
it
went
wrong.
When
he
got
home,
he
was
wet
through.
Thus
it
was
a
day
that
he
would
never
forget.
考点四
指示代词、疑问代词
指示代词this,
that,
these,
those,
such,
so
1.this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this还可以指下文将要谈到的人或物。
2.that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that还可以指上文提到过的人或物。
3.such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数。
4.so代替一个句子或短语所表达的内容，意为“如此，这样”。在believe,
think,
expect,
suppose,
imagine,
guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点。
one,
ones,
that,
those与it作替代词时的区别
1.
one替代上文单数可数名词，表泛指，同类不同一，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。
The
train
was
crowded
so
we
decided
to
catch
a
later
one.
2.
ones替代上文出现的名词复数，表泛指，同类不同一。
3.
that替代上文出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词，表特指，同类不同一，相当于“the＋单数可数名词/不可数名词”。一般不和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语。
His
own
experience
was
different
from
that
of
his
friends.
4.
those是that的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，同类不同一。
The
books
on
the
desk
are
better
than
those/the
ones
under
the
desk.
5.
it替代上文提到的“同一”事物。
I
love
the
spring—it
is
a
wonderful
time
of
the
year.
疑问代词
1.
whatever,
whichever,
whoever,
whomever分别是what,
which,
who,
whom的强调形式，表示说话人的惊讶、愤慨、困惑等感彩。
Whatever
can
you
mean?
Whoever
thought
up
that
joke?
2.四个特殊短语
What
for...？为何？What
if...？要是……会怎么样？
What/How
about...？……怎么样？(表示征求意见，常接动名词)，
So
what？那又怎样？
三、答题原则
代词与语法填空
1.人称、物主、反身代词词类：“成分”是关键
(1)如果句中缺主语，则用人称代词的主格；
(2)如果句中缺宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；
(3)如果句中缺定语，则用形容词性物主代词；
(4)如果主语和宾语代表同一个人或物，宾语则用反身代词。
2．不定代词类：“范围”要搞清
(1)二者选其一用either；都不选用neither；都选用both；
(2)三者或以上的任何一个用any；都不选用none；都选用all。
3．it类：“指代”要辨明
(1)如果指代上下文同一事物，用it；
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离用it；
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语用it。
代词与短文改错
1.
分析句子成分，看句中主语或宾语是否有缺失或者多余。如果缺少主语，则需要添加人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；如果缺宾语，则可以添加人称代词宾格；如果宾语和主语指同一个人或物，则应用反身代词。
2．检查搭配，看名词前是否需要代词。如果名词前需要代词，则需添加形容词性物主代词。
3．通读全文，通过上下文的语境检查代词指代是否一致。
4．根据句式结构，判断句子是否为it的特殊句式，it作形式主语、形式宾语或在强调句中。一些固定句式中it的用法也要注意。
5．对不定代词的考查主要集中在其指代范围，这就需要分析上下文意义，看代词是肯定还是否定，是指代两者还是三者或三者以上，从而确定不定代词的使用是否合适。
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代词练习
解析版
1.【2020·全国新课标I】Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
much
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
_____
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
2.【2019·天津】A
study
shows
the
students
who
are
engaged
in
after-school
activities
are
happier
than
_________who
are
not.
【答案】those/the
ones
【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the
students是对应关系，可以用the
ones或者those替代。故填those/the
ones。
3.【2018·新课标卷III·短文改错】Some
of
us
were
confident
and
eager
to
take
part
in
the
class
activity,
others
were
nervous
and
anxious.
I
had
done
myself
homework
but
I
was
shy.
【答案】myself改为my/the
【解析】句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。
4.【2018.全国卷III】When
the
gorillas
and
I
frightened
each
other,
I
was
just
glad
to
find
_________(they)
alive.
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。设空处指代从句中的the
gorillas,以避免重复,故填them.
5.【2018.浙江卷】Many
westerners
that
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
can
be
to
eat
out.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。代指做形式主语，代指动词不定式to
eat
out用代词it.
故填it.
6.【河北省2021届高三上学期10月联考】Scientists
often
compare
coral
reefs
to
underwater
rainforests,
yet
unlike
the
leafy
plant
base
of
a
forest,
corals
are
animals.
The
soft
organs
inside
the
hard
parts
of
corals
are
naturally
transparent
and
get
________(they)
famously
brilliant
color
from
algae(藻类）living
inside
them.
【答案】their
【解析】考查代词。句意：珊瑚中硬体部分中的软器官是天然透明的并且从生活在他们体内的藻类中得到著名的绚烂颜色。根据句子结构可知，此处修饰名词color，故使用形容词性物主代词形式。故填their。
7.【云贵川桂四省2021届高三上学期10月联合考试】Scientists
often
compare
coral
reefs
to
underwater
rainforests,
yet
unlike
the
leafy
plant
base
of
a
forest,
corals
are
animals.
The
soft
organs
inside
the
hard
parts
of
corals
are
naturally
transparent
and
get
_____(they)
famously
brilliant
color
from
algae(藻类）living
inside
them.
【答案】their
【解析】考查代词。句意：珊瑚中硬体部分中的软器官是天然透明的并且从生活在他们体内的藻类中得到著名的绚烂颜色。根据句子结构可知，此处修饰名词color，故使用形容词性物主代词形式。故填their。
8.【2020届北京市昌平区高三二模】Human
beings
love
the
world
of
nature
that
surrounds1．
(we),
and
we
enjoy
seeing
the
wild
world
up
close.
【答案】us
【解析】考查代词。句意：人类热爱我们周围的自然世界，我们喜欢近距离观赏野生世界。此处为动词surround的宾语，指代“我们”应用代词us。故填us。
9.【2020·哈三中质检】By
that
time,
the
panda
no
longer
needed
(it)mother
for
food.
【答案】its.
【解析】考查代词。观察句子结构可知，它的妈妈，用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its.
10.【2020.绥化一中三模】A
few
hours
earlier,
I’d
been
at
home
in
Hong
Kong,
with
(it)
choking
smog.
【答案】its
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：带着窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its.
11.The
girl
was
sitting
on
the
chair
quietly,
burying
___________
(she)
in
the
magazine
in
the
hands.
【答案】herself
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：女孩安静地坐在椅子上，把自己埋在手中的杂志里。与主句主语the
girl相呼应，用反身代词herself，故填herself.
12.My
father
kept
_________(him)
word
and
treated
me
to
a
wonderful
sightseeing
trip
after
I
won
the
contest.
【答案】his
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我赢得比赛后，我父亲遵守了他的诺言，带我去游览了一番。keep
one's
word守信；遵守诺言，固定短语，设空处应用其形容词性物主代词形式。故填his.
13.I
wish
to
thank
Mr.
Smith,
and
without
__________(he)
help
I
would
never
have
got
this
far.
【答案】his
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我要感谢史密斯先生，如果没有他的帮助，我不可能走到今天这一步。因此空格处为his，故填his.
14.The
internet
was
designed
to
make
________
easier
for
people
to
access
the
information.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。句意：网络被设计的目的是让人们能更容易地获取信息。本题考查it做形式宾语，代替后面的不定式的复合结构for
people
to
access
the
information，make
it
easy
for
sb
to
do
sth
让某人做......变得更容易。故填it.
15.I'd
appreciate
________
if
you
would
like
to
teach
me
how
to
use
this
computer.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。句意：如果你愿意教我如何使用这台电脑，我将不胜感激。appreciate+it+if...是固定句型，意思是“如果……，我将不胜感激”，故填it.
16.To
earn
respect,
we
should
devote__________（us）to
study
and
achieve
high
grades.
【答案】ourselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：为了赢得尊重，我们应该全力投入学习，取得高分。固定短语devote
oneself
to...“把。。。投入到”，故填ourselves.
17.The
Qing
Dynasty(AD1616-1911)
had
twelve
emperors,
nine
of
_____
buried
in
the
two
groups
of
tombs
in
Heibei
Province.
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。分析句子结构可知，没有连词，空格后面也没有谓语，所以，属于独立主格结构，空格指代复数名词emperors，要使用指代第三人称的代词的复数，且放于介词of后，要用宾格
them，故填them.
18.If
you
want
to
go
to
the
party
with
me,
you
should
behave
??????????(you)
well.
【答案】yourself
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：如果你想和我一起去参加聚会，你应该表现得很好。动词短语behave
oneself表现好，懂规矩，故填yourself.
19.Generation
after
generation,
our
forefathers
worked
hard
and
created
a
splendid
culture
on
this
land
of
_________________(us).
【答案】ours
【解析】考查名词性物主代词。句意：一代又一代，我们的先辈们在这片土地上辛勤工作，创造了灿烂的文化。根据句意可知是在我们的土地上，of是介词，后边需要名词，根据句意，可知需要填名词性物主代词，故填ours.
20.No
matter
when
I
go
to
a
post
office
and
no
matter
where
the
post
office
is,
I
always
find
________
(me)
standing
in
a
line
behind
someone
who
has
a
lot
of
business
to
do.
【答案】myself
【解析】考查代词。句意：不管我什么时候去邮局也不管邮局在哪儿，我总是发现自己排在某个有许多业务要办理的人的后边。本句主语是I，根据语境，此处表示“发现自己……”，find
oneself
doing
sth.意为“发现自己在做某事”。故填myself.
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