中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
名词专项练习
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.[2020·南京]Maria
is
always
full
of
because
she
takes
exercise
every
day.?
A.energy
B.talent
C.humour
D.wealth
2.[2020·凉山州]It’s
dangerous
for
us
to
give
too
much
about
ourselves
on
the
Internet.?
A.messages
B.suggestions
C.preparation
D.information
3.[2020·扬州]You’ll
have
to
get
your
parents’
if
you
want
to
go
on
the
trip.?
A.achievement
B.announcement
C.agreement
D.advertisement
4.[2020·鄂州]—What’s
this?
—It’s
a
paper
cutting
of
fu.
It’s
a
kind
of
art
.
?
A.job
B.work
C.picture
D.symbol
5.[2020·南通]—A
robot
served
us
dinner
last
night.
Don’t
you
think
we
are
living
in
amazing
times?
—I
can’t
agree
more.
The
makes
our
lives
easier
and
happier.?
A.information
B.technology
C.discovery
D.competition
6.[2020·天津]—In
China,
we
use
red
paper
for
hongbao
because
red
means
good
luck.
—That’s
interesting!
I
want
to
know
all
the
Chinese
.?
A.traditions
B.sentences
C.notices
D.problems
7.[2020·大庆]Nobody
thought
it
is
easy
to
finish
so
much
work
in
.?
A.two
days’
time
B.two-days
time
C.two
day’s
time
D.two
days
time
8.[2020·重庆B卷]I
don’t
know
how
to
make
a
speech
in
public.
Can
you
give
me
some
??
A.water
B.money
C.food
D.advice
9.[2020·连云港]The
of
the
meeting
is
to
help
teachers
and
parents
achieve
better
communication.?
A.position
B.progress
C.period
D.purpose
10.[2020·泰州]—We
have
entered
a
world
where
robot
operations
become
true
with
5G
technology.
—Hard
to
believe!
Scientists
are
full
of
which
leads
to
great
changes
in
our
life.?
A.attraction
B.invention
C.position
D.contribution
11.[2020·苏州]I
don’t
care
how
many
words
there
are
in
your
article,
but
the
of
it
really
matters.?
A.ability
B.size
C.quality
D.energy
12.[2020·江西]When
you
go
rock
climbing,
you
need
to
be
careful
so
that
you
don’t
have
a（n）
.?
A.chance
B.accident
C.secret
D.action
13.[2020·襄阳]—What’s
your
brother’s
??
—It’s
about
1.75
meters.
He’s
the
tallest
in
his
class.
A.age
B.address
C.weight
D.height
14.[2020·昆明]A
12-year-old
boy
from
Hunan
invented
a
new
kind
of
window
because
of
his
.
The
window
can
prevent
children
from
falling
out.?
A.communication
B.celebration
C.honesty
D.creativity
15.[2020·武汉]—How’s
Mr.Clark’s
small
company?
—Quite
good.It
has
grown
to
become
a
in
the
international
trade.?
A.rule
B.duty
C.power
D.sign
16.[2020·天水]Lily
is
a
friend
of
.?
A.Mary’s
mother’s
B.Mary’s
mother’s
of
C.Mary
mother’s
D.mother’s
of
Mary
17.[2020·包头]While
she
was
in
Milan,
she
developed
a
for
fine
art.?
A.way
B.relation
C.taste
D.habit
18.[2020·盐城]Watching
The
Legend
of
Luo
Xiaohei
is
a
good
to
relax
when
you're
tired.?
A.rule
B.choice
C.question
D.skill
19.[2020·黔南州]About
200
went
to
see
the
Asian
Fashion
Show
last
night.?
A.German
B.Australian
C.Chinese
D.American
20.[2020·黔西南州]How
much
do
we
need
to
make
a
banana
milk
shake??
A.bananas
B.apples
C.coffee
D.milk
21.[2020·滨州]—Mum,
must
I
be
a
teacher
like
you
when
I
grow
up?
—No,
you
needn't.
You
can
make
your
own
.?
A.difference
B.discussion
C.discovery
D.decision
22.[2020·黄冈]—Why
do
Chinese
people
like
red?
—Because
the
color
red
is
the
of
good
luck
in
China.?
A.reason
B.hope
C.dream
D.symbol
23.[2020·武威]—Is
that
your
father?
—No,
he
is
my
.
He
is
my
father's
twin
brother.?
A.brother
B.grandpa
C.uncle
D.cousin
24.[2020·铜仁]—To
keep
our
city
clean
and
beautiful,
the
are
always
very
busy
in
the
street.?
—They
should
be
respected
by
all
the
people.
A.drivers
B.postmen
C.firemen
D.cleaners
25.[2020·内江]—Peter,
how
far
is
it
from
your
home
to
school?
—It's
only
five walk.?
A.minute
B.minutes
C.minute's
D.minutes'
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.[2020·上海]Nowadays,
many
（robot）
have
been
used
to
work
in
dangerous
situations.?
2.[2020·南京]Beijing
Opera
brings
to
life
many
ancient
（story）
that
help
shape
Chinese
culture.?
3.[2020·鄂州]Our
government
did
a
lot
of
things
to
improve
the
（village）
living
conditions.?
4.[2020·荆门]Doing
outdoor
（activity）
can
help
students
improve
their
abilities
and
skills.?
5.[2020·包头]People
who
are
warm-hearted
set
good
examples
to
society
because
they
pass
on
their
__________（kind）
to
people
around
them.
6.[2020·安顺]Nowadays,
shared
（car）
are
becoming
more
and
more
popular.?
7.[2020·百色]Liu
Mei’s
parents
are
both
excellent
（teach）
in
our
city.?
Ⅲ.根据句意及汉语提示填写单词。
1．(2020·梧州)
I
am
going
to
be
a____________
(作家)
in
the
future.
2．(2020·连云港)
Have
you
read
the
report?
Those
__________(英雄)
stories
really
touched
me
deeply.
3．(2020·甘孜州)
That
store
sells
things
at
high
_________
(价格),
but
they're
really
good.
4．(2020·泰州)All
of
us
will
remember
this
__________(星期二),
because
we
will
finish
our
junior
school
life
tomorrow.
5．(2020·镇江)
The
old
couple
have
two
sons
and
both
of
them
are
__________
(邮递员).
6．(2020·宁波)
Because
of
the
COVID?19,
only
a
few
_________(市场)
were
open
in
our
city
last
spring.
7．(2020·遂宁)
In
autumn,
quite
a
few
_________
(树叶)
turn
yellow
and
fall
off
the
trees.
8．(2020·宿迁)Beijing
Daxing
International
Airport
is
one
of
the
__________
(奇迹)
of
the
modern
world.
9．(2020·贵港)
There
is
something
wrong
with
his
teeth.
He
should
go
to
the
___________
(牙医).
10．(2020·南京)
What
you
learn
at
school
plays
a
very
important
part
in
shaping
your
behaviour
in
__________(社会).
答案
Ⅰ.
1-5
ADCBB
6-10
AADDB
11-15
CBDDC
16-20
ACBCD
21-25
DDCDD
Ⅱ.
1.robots 2.stories 3.villagers’4.activities 5.kindness
6.cars 7.teachers
Ⅲ.
1.
writer
2.heroes'
3.price
4.Tuesday
5.postmen
6.
markets
7.
leaves
8.
wonders
9.
dentist
10.society
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
名词导学案
易错点一：可数名词变复数
(2020临沂)54.
The
new
plan
asks
residents
(居民)
to
put
their
rubbish
into
four
different
__________
one
for
each
kind
of
rubbish.
(
box
)
知识点再现
可数名词变复数规则变化：
情况
构成方法
例词
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词
去y,再加-ies
baby→babies city→cities
以“元音字母+y”结尾的词
加-s
monkey→monkeysholiday→holidays
易错点二：不可数名词
(2020呼和浩特)
—What
would
you
like
to
eat,
honey?
—__________.
A.
Chicken
with
vegetables
and
two
bowls
of
rices
B.
Chicken
with
vegetables
and
two
bowls
of
rice
C.
Chickens
with
vegetables
and
two
bowls
of
rice
D.
Chickens
with
vegetable
and
two
bowls
of
rices
知识点再现
不可数名词的量化表达：
1.
表示不定数量时,一般用some,
much,
a
little,
a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of等来表示。
e.g.
some
water;
a
little
milk
2.
表示确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。当数词大于1时,后面的量词要用复数形式。
e.g.
a
piece
of
bread;
two
glasses
of
water;
three
bags
of
rice
易错点三：既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词词义辨析
(2018·广东改编)
The
three
________
upstairs
are
too
small
to
have
enough
________
for
a
double
bed.
A.
room;
room
B.
room;
rooms
C.
rooms;
room
I
want
to
tell
you
some
exciting
about
my
holiday.
?
A.experience
B.an
experience
C.experiences
D.a
experience
知识点再现
既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词:
名词
可数
不可数
名词
可数
不可数
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
paper
报纸，文件
纸
experience
经历
经验
room
房间
空间
fish
鱼
鱼肉
time
次数；倍数
时间
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
wood
树林
木头
orange
橙子
橙汁
work
作品
工作
易错点四：名词所有格
(2020自贡)
—A
boy
is
flying
a
kite
over
there.
Who
is
he?
—He
is
_________
brother.
A.Lucy's
and
Lily's
B.Lucy
and
Lily's
C.Lucy's
and
Lily
(2019·青海)—Whose
jackets
are
these?
—They
are
________.
They
said
they
lost
them
yesterday.
A.
ours
B.
Li
Lei
and
Li
Tao's
C.
Li
Lei's
and
Li
Tao's
知识点再现
名词所有格变化规则：
1.
并列名词表示各自所有，各个名词后分别加’s。
e.g.
Alice’s
and
Mary’s
bags爱丽丝的包和玛丽的包；
2.
并列名词表示共有，在最后一个名词词尾加’s。
e.g.
Tony
and
Vicky’s
father托尼和维奇的父亲；
易错点五：名词变形容词
(2020玉林)
You
are____48____（luck）.
(2019湖南怀化)
The
man
behind
Mickey
was
Walt
Disney.
He
became
very
rich
and
___63____(success).
知识点再现
名词变形容词的规律：
1.
n.＋?y
(1)直接加?y
rain→rainy
wind→windy
snow→snowy
sleep→sleepy
health→healthy
luck→lucky
(2)双写末尾字母再加?y
sun→sunny
fog→foggy
fun→funny
(3)去结尾e再加?y
noise→noisy
taste→tasty
2.
n.＋?ful或变y为i＋?ful
care→careful
cheer→cheerful
colour→colourful
help→helpful
hope→hopeful
meaning→meaningful
peace→peaceful
success→successful
use→useful
wonder→wonderful
beauty→beautiful
3.
n.＋?less
care→careless
help→helpless
home→homeless
hope→hopeless
meaning→meaningless
use→useless
4.
n.＋?al或去e＋?al
person→personal
culture→cultural
centre→central
nature→natural
5.以?ence/?ance结尾的名词，变?ence/?ance为?ent/?ant
difference→different
silence→silent
importance→important
6.
n.＋?ly
friend→friendly
love→lovely
7.
n.＋?ous
danger→dangerous
humor→humorous
8.
n.＋?e(r)n
north→northern
west→western
wood→wooden
gold→golden
9.
n.＋?ese或?n(构成表示国籍、语言的形容词)
America→American
Australia→Australian
India→Indian
Japan→Japanese
China→Chinese
Canada→Canadian
10.
其他
difficulty→difficult
fool→foolish
hunger→hungry
pride
→
proud
易错点六：动词变名词
(2020玉林)
After
she
put
down
the
phone,
she
said
with____47____（excite）.
(2020云南）Some
________
in
the
medical
research
helped
control
the
terrible
illness.
（achieve）
知识点再现
动词变名词的规律：
1.
v.+-er或-or
work→worker
teach→teacher
sing→singer
jump→jumper
play→player
learn→learner
visit→visitor
invent→inventor
collect→collector
drive→driver
write→writer
run→runner
win→winner
begin→beginner
2.
v.+-ment
achieve→achievement
advertise→advertisement
agree→agreement
disgree→disagreement
amuse→amusement
improve→improvement
develop→development
manage→management
equip→equipment
argue→argument
3.
v.+-(t)ion/(s)ion
attract—attraction
instruct—instruction
invent—invention
discuss—discussion
express—expression
educate—education;
graduate—graduation
operate—operation
compete—competition
organize—organization
decide—decision
conclude—conclusion
4.
v.+-ance
appear—appearance
perform—performance
5.
v.+-ing
meet—meeting
build—building
wait—waiting
bathe—bathing
say—saying
mean—meaning
end
—ending
train
—training
wash—washing
swim—swimming
shop—shopping
begin—beginning
6.
其他
beg—beggar
behave—behavior
know—knowledge
fly—flight
heat—heat
mix
—mixture
press—pressure
sit—seat
succeed—success
tour—tour/
tourist
易错点七：名词作定语
(2020郴州改编)During
the
epidemic（疫情）,
many
in
our
city
went
to
Hubei
Province
as
volunteers.?
A.woman
doctor
B.woman
doctors
C.women
doctors
D.women
doctor
知识点再现
名词做定语：
1.
名词做定语一般用单数。
e.g.
Jim
works
in
a
shoe
factory.
2.
sports,
clothes和sales等词以复数形式做定语。
e.g.
I
want
a
sports
car.
3.
man与woman做定语时,
如果修饰单数名词,
它们就用单数形式;
如果修饰复数名词,
则用复数形式。
e.g.
There
are
fifteen
women
teachers
in
the
school.
4.
复合名词作定语,其结构为“数词+连字符+名词单数”,也可以用“数词+名词所有格”形式
e.g.
a
three-day
holiday=three
days'
holiday
为期三天的假期
易错点八：名词词义辨析
—Did
you
hear
any
strange
when
the
earthquake
happened?
?
—No,
I
was
in
my
garden
enjoying
the
beautiful
of
my
birds
at
that
time.
?
A.voice;
noise
B.noise;
sound
C.voice;
sound
D.sound;
voice
When
the
Greens
moved
into
the
last
week,
everything
was
at
sixes
and
sevens,
so
they
did
a
big
cleaning.
?
A.family
B.home
C.house
D.room
知识点再现
近义名词辨析：
work与job
两个词都表示“工作”。work指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动，是不可数名词；job指具体的职业或零工，是可数名词，复数为jobs
question与problem
两个词都表示“问题”。question指需要解答的问题，常与ask/answer连用；problem指被提出的疑难的、困难的、需要解决的问题，如人口、失业等问题，与之搭配的动词是solve
sound，voice与noise
sound表示“声音”，泛指任何声音；voice表示“(说话、歌唱或发笑的)声音”，还可表示“悦耳之声”，如鸟鸣声、乐器声等；noise表示不悦耳的“噪音”
family,
home与room
family表示“家；家庭”，是一个集体名词，既可指家庭这一整体，也可指家庭成员；home主要指一个人出生或居住的地方，也可指“家乡；故乡”，含有感彩；room作可数名词时，意为“房间”，作不可数名词时，意为“空间”
同类名词辨析：
身体部位类
arm胳膊；
leg腿；
hand手；
foot脚；
stomach胃；
finger手指；
nose鼻子；
eye眼睛；
mouth嘴；
ear耳朵；
tooth牙齿；
head头；
body身体；
face脸
食品类
water水；
potato土豆；
egg鸡蛋；
dumpling饺子；rice大米；
tomato西红柿；
bread面包；
milk牛奶；
noodle面条；
hamburger汉堡包；
banana香蕉；
salad沙拉；
pear梨；
vegetable蔬菜；
fruit水果；
apple苹果；
orange橘子
地点类
school学校；
hospital医院；
factory工厂；
home家；
house房屋；
shop商店；
garden花园；
museum博物馆；
palace宫殿；
supermarket超市；
park公园；
zoo动物园；
theater戏院
职业类
teacher老师；
student学生；
doctor医生；
nurse护士；
farmer农民；
worker工人；
boss老板；
driver司机；
engineer工程师；
cook厨师；
singer歌手；
actor演员(男);
pilot飞行员；
scientist科学家；
violinist小提琴手；
pianist钢琴家
动物类
sheep羊；
elephant大象；
monkey猴子；
horse马；
cow奶牛；
chicken鸡；
duck鸭；
fish鱼；
lion狮子；
tiger老虎
生活类
radio收音机；
phone电话；
computer电脑；
paper纸；
book书；
magazine杂志
时间类
minute分钟；
hour小时；
day天；
week周；
month月；
year年
判断空格处使用名词的方法
1.
位于形容词性物主代词后、名词所有格及语境中。
e.g.
your
dream
will
come
true
your
uncle’s
job
2.
位于形容词后。
e.g.
Li
Tao’s
biggest
dream
3.
位于限定词this,
these,
those,
many,
some,
any,
a
lot
of,
every,
a
glass
of等词后。
e.g.
drink
a
glass
of
milk
4.
位于冠词后。
e.g.
His
dream
job
is
to
be
a
dancer
the
moon
goes
round
the
earth
5.
名词作定语
e.g.
have
a
chemistry
the
capital
city
of
Hainan
6.
位于数词后。
e.g.
a
flat
with
three
bedrooms
7.
位于动词或介词后作宾语。
e.g.
He
usually
goes
to
school
by
bike.
答案
易错点一
【解析】
根据修饰词different和限定词four可知用名词复数boxes.
易错点二
【解析】考查可数名词和不可数名词。chicken意为“鸡肉”时为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故C、D选项可排除。rice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，表达“两碗米饭”时要用two
bowls
of
rice，故选B。
易错点三
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：楼上的三个房间都太小了，以至于没有足够的空间容纳一张双人床。题干中three后跟可数名词rooms“房间”，而room表示“空间”时为不可数名词。故选C。
【解析】由句意“我想告诉你关于我的一些假期.......”
可知,
所缺汉语意思为“经历”,
experience作“经历”
讲时是可数名词。?
易错点四
【解析】考查名词所有格的用法。句意：—一个男孩正在那边放风筝。他是谁？—他是露茜和莉莉的弟弟。表示两个人共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后加“-‘s”，根据句意判断是两人“共有”，因此选B。
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：——这些是谁的夹克衫？——它们是李雷的和李涛的。根据句中的they可知，此处表示两个人分别有，应用结构A's
and
B's，即Li
Lei's
and
Li
Tao's。故选C。
易错点五
答案：句意：你很幸运。luck是名词表示“幸运”，此处用luck的形容词lucky作表语，表示“幸运的”，故填lucky。
答案：successful
【解析】句意：他变得很富有而成功。分析句子结构可知，and
连接并列结构，rich为形容词，故此处用success的形容词形式，故填successful。
易错点六
答案：介词with之后用名词，此处用动词excite的名词形式excitement。故填excitement。
答案：根据句子结构，空格处应填入名词，动词achieve的名词形式为achievement，空格前为Some，故achievement应用复数形式。故答案为achievements。
易错点七
【解析】many修饰复数名词,woman/man作定语修饰的另一个名词变为复数时,也要变成复数,many
women
doctors很多女医生。故选C。
易错点八
【解析】sound做“声音,
响声”
讲时,
使用范围较大,
可指人或动物发出的声音,
也可指物体碰撞的声音;
voice一般指人的声音,
如说话、唱歌等,
也可指鸟鸣声;
noise意为“噪音,
喧闹声”,
常指不悦耳,
不和谐的嘈杂声。分析题目可知,
应选D项。
【解析】house指“房子”,
强调建筑物,
由下文句意“一切都乱七八糟的”
可推测“格林一家人上周搬家了”。故选C项。
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易错点归纳与突破
--名词
2021中考英语
易错点一：可数名词变复数
(2020临沂)The
new
plan
asks
residents
(居民)
to
put
their
rubbish
into
four
different
__________
one
for
each
kind
of
rubbish.
(
box
)
【解析】
根据修饰词different和限定词four可知用名词复数boxes.
1
可数名词变复数规则变化：
情况
构成方法
例词
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词
去y,再加-ies
baby→babies city→cities
以“元音字母+y”结尾的词
加-s
monkey→monkeys
holiday→holidays
知识点再现
(2020呼和浩特)
—What
would
you
like
to
eat,
honey?
—__________.
A.
Chicken
with
vegetables
and
two
bowls
of
rices
B.
Chicken
with
vegetables
and
two
bowls
of
rice
C.
Chickens
with
vegetables
and
two
bowls
of
rice
D.
Chickens
with
vegetable
and
two
bowls
of
rices
【解析】考查可数名词和不可数名词。chicken意为“鸡肉”时为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故C、D选项可排除。rice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，表达“两碗米饭”时要用two
bowls
of
rice，故选B。
易错点二：不可数名词量的表达
2
1.
表示不定数量时,一般用some,
much,
a
little,
a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of等来表示。
e.g.
some
water;
a
little
milk
2.
表示确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。当
数词大于1时,后面的量词要用复数形式。
e.g.
a
piece
of
bread;
two
glasses
of
water;
three
bags
of
rice
不可数名词的量化表达：
知识点再现
(2018·广东改编)
The
three
________
upstairs
are
too
small
to
have
enough
________
for
a
double
bed.
A.
room;
room
B.
room;
rooms
C.
rooms;
room
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：楼上的三个房间都太小了，以至于没有足够的空间容纳一张双人床。题干中three后跟可数名词rooms“房间”，而room表示“空间”时为不可数名词。故选C。
易错点三：既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词词义辨析
3
I
want
to
tell
you
some
exciting
about
my
holiday.
?
A.experience
B.an
experience
C.experiences
D.a
experience
【解析】由句意“我想告诉你关于我的一些假期.......”
可知,
所缺汉语意思为“经历”,
experience作“经历”
讲时是可数名词。?
名词
可数
不可数
名词
可数
不可数
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
paper
报纸，文件
纸
experience
经历
经验
room
房间
空间
fish
鱼
鱼肉
time
次数；倍数
时间
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
wood
树林
木头
orange
橙子
橙汁
work
作品
工作
既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词:
知识点再现
(2020自贡)
—A
boy
is
flying
a
kite
over
there.
Who
is
he?
—He
is
_________
brother.
A.Lucy's
and
Lily's
B.Lucy
and
Lily's
C.Lucy's
and
Lily
【解析】考查名词所有格的用法。句意：—一个男孩正在那边放风筝。他是谁？—他是露茜和莉莉的弟弟。表示两个人共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后加“-‘s”，根据句意判断是两人“共有”，因此选B。
易错点四：名词所有格
4
(2019·青海)—Whose
jackets
are
these?
—They
are
________.
They
said
they
lost
them
yesterday.
A.
ours
B.
Li
Lei
and
Li
Tao's
C.
Li
Lei's
and
Li
Tao's
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：——这些是谁的夹克衫？——它们是李雷的和李涛的。根据句中的they可知，此处表示两个人分别有，应用结构A's
and
B's，即Li
Lei's
and
Li
Tao's。故选C。
1.
并列名词表示各自所有，各个名词后分别加’s。
e.g.
Alice’s
and
Mary’s
bags爱丽丝的包和玛丽的包；
2.
并列名词表示共有，在最后一个名词词尾加’s。
e.g.
Tony
and
Vicky’s
father托尼和维奇的父亲；
知识点再现
名词所有格变化规则：
(2020玉林)
You
are____48____（luck）.
答案：句意：你很幸运。luck是名词表示“幸运”，此处用luck的形容词lucky作表语，表示“幸运的”，故填lucky。
(2019湖南怀化)
The
man
behind
Mickey
was
Walt
Disney.
He
became
very
rich
and
___63____(success).
答案：successful
【解析】句意：他变得很富有而成功。分析句子结构可知，and
连接并列结构，rich为形容词，故此处用success的形容词形式，故填successful。
易错点五：名词变形容词
5
1.
n.＋?y
(1)直接加?y
rain→rainy
wind→windy
snow→snowy
sleep→sleepy
health→healthy
luck→lucky
(2)双写末尾字母再加?y
sun→sunny
fog→foggy
fun→funny
(3)去结尾e再加?y
noise→noisy
taste→tasty
名词变形容词的规律：
知识点再现
2.
n.＋?ful或变y为i＋?ful
care→careful
cheer→cheerful
colour→colourful
help→helpful
hope→hopeful
meaning→meaningful
peace→peaceful
success→successful
use→useful
wonder→wonderful
beauty→beautiful
3.
n.＋?less
care→careless
help→helpless
home→homeless
hope→hopeless
meaning→meaningless
use→useless
4.
n.＋?al或去e＋?al
person→personal
culture→cultural
centre→central
nature→natural
5.以?ence/?ance结尾的名词，变?ence/?ance为?ent/?ant
difference→different
silence→silent
importance→important
6.
n.＋?ly
friend→friendly
love→lovely
7.
n.＋?ous
danger→dangerous
humor→humorous
8.
n.＋?e(r)n
north→northern
west→western
wood→wooden
gold→golden
9.
n.＋?ese或?n(构成表示国籍、语言的形容词)
America→American
Australia→Australian
India→Indian
Japan→Japanese
China→Chinese
Canada→Canadian
10.
其他
difficulty→difficult
fool→foolish
hunger→hungry
pride
→
proud
(2020玉林)
After
she
put
down
the
phone,
she
said
with
____47____（excite）.
答案：介词with之后用名词，此处用动词excite的名词形式excitement。故填excitement。
(2020云南）Some
________
in
the
medical
research
helped
control
the
terrible
illness.
（achieve）
答案：根据句子结构，空格处应填入名词，动词achieve的名词形式为achievement，空格前为Some，故achievement应用复数形式。故答案为achievements。
易错点六：动词变名词
6
1.
v.+-er或-or
work→worker
teach→teacher
sing→singer
jump→jumper
play→player
learn→learner
visit→visitor
invent→inventor
collect→collector
drive→driver
write→writer
run→runner
win→winner
begin→beginner
动词变名词的规律：
知识点再现
2.
v.+-ment
achieve→achievement
advertise→advertisement
agree→agreement
disgree→disagreement
amuse→amusement
improve→improvement
develop→development
manage→management
equip→equipment
argue→argument
3.
v.+-(t)ion/(s)ion
attract—attraction
instruct—instruction
invent—invention
discuss—discussion
express—expression
educate—education;
graduate—graduation
operate—operation
compete—competition
organize—organization
decide—decision
conclude—conclusion
4.
v.+-ance
appear—appearance
perform—performance
5.
v.+-ing
meet—meeting
build—building
wait—waiting
bathe—bathing
say—saying
mean—meaning
end
—ending
train
—training
wash—washing
swim—swimming
shop—shopping
begin—beginning
6.
其他
beg—beggar
behave—behavior
know—knowledge
fly—flight
heat—heat
mix
—mixture
press—pressure
sit—seat
succeed—success
tour—tour/
tourist
(2020郴州改编)During
the
epidemic（疫情）,
many
in
our
city
went
to
Hubei
Province
as
volunteers.?
A.woman
doctor
B.woman
doctors
C.women
doctors
D.women
doctor
【解析】many修饰复数名词,woman/man作定语修饰的另一个名词变为复数时,也要变成复数,many
women
doctors很多女医生。故选C。
易错点七：名词作定语
7
1.
名词做定语一般用单数。
e.g.
Jim
works
in
a
shoe
factory.
2.
sports,
clothes和sales等词以复数形式做定语。
e.g.
I
want
a
sports
car.
3.
man与woman做定语时,
如果修饰单数名词,
它们就用单数形式;
如果修饰复数名词,
则用复数形式。
e.g.
There
are
fifteen
women
teachers
in
the
school.
4.
复合名词作定语,其结构为“数词+连字符+名词单数”,也可以用
“数词+名词所有格”形式
e.g.
a
three-day
holiday=three
days'
holiday
为期三天的假期
名词做定语：
知识点再现
—Did
you
hear
any
strange
when
the
earthquake
happened?
?
—No,
I
was
in
my
garden
enjoying
the
beautiful
of
my
birds
at
that
time.
?
A.voice;
noise
B.noise;
sound
C.voice;
sound
D.sound;
voice
【解析】sound做“声音,
响声”
讲时,
使用范围较大,
可指人或动物发出的声音,
也可指物体碰撞的声音;
voice一般指人的声音,
如说话、唱歌等,
也可指鸟鸣声;
noise意为“噪音,
喧闹声”,
常指不悦耳,
不和谐的嘈杂声。分析题目可知,
应选D项。
易错点八：名词词义辨析
8
When
the
Greens
moved
into
the
last
week,
everything
was
at
sixes
and
sevens,
so
they
did
a
big
cleaning.
?
A.family
B.home
C.house
D.room
【解析】house指“房子”,
强调建筑物,
由下文句意“一切都乱七八糟的”
可推测“格林一家人上周搬家了”。故选C项。
work与job
两个词都表示“工作”。
work指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动，是不可数名词；
job指具体的职业或零工，是可数名词，复数为jobs
question与problem
两个词都表示“问题”。
question指需要解答的问题，常与ask/answer连用；problem指被提出的疑难的、困难的、需要解决的问题，如人口、失业等问题，与之搭配的动词是solve
近义名词辨析：
知识点再现
sound，voice与noise
sound表示“声音”，泛指任何声音；
voice表示“(说话、歌唱或发笑的)声音”，还可表示“悦耳之声”，如鸟鸣声、乐器声等；noise表示不悦耳的“噪音”
family,
home与room
family表示“家；家庭”，是一个集体名词，既可指家庭这一整体，也可指家庭成员；
home主要指一个人出生或居住的地方，也可指“家乡；故乡”，含有感彩；
room作可数名词时，意为“房间”，作不可数名词时，意为“空间”
身体部位类
arm胳膊；
leg腿；
hand手；
foot脚；
stomach胃；
finger手指；
nose鼻子；
eye眼睛；
mouth嘴；
ear耳朵；
tooth牙齿；
head头；
body身体；
face脸
食品类
water水；
potato土豆；
egg鸡蛋；
dumpling饺子；rice大米；
tomato西红柿；
bread面包；
milk牛奶；
noodle面条；
hamburger汉堡包；
banana香蕉；
salad沙拉；
pear梨；
vegetable蔬菜；
fruit水果；
apple苹果；
orange橘子
同类名词辨析：
地点类
school学校；
hospital医院；
factory工厂；
home家；
house房屋；
shop商店；
garden花园；
museum博物馆；
palace宫殿；
supermarket超市；
park公园；
zoo动物园；
theater戏院
职业类
teacher老师；
student学生；
doctor医生；
nurse护士；
farmer农民；
worker工人；
boss老板；
driver司机；
engineer工程师；
cook厨师；
singer歌手；
actor演员(男);
pilot飞行员；
scientist科学家；
violinist小提琴手；
pianist钢琴家
动物类
sheep羊；
elephant大象；
monkey猴子；
horse马；
cow奶牛；
chicken鸡；
duck鸭；
fish鱼；
lion狮子；
tiger老虎
生活类
radio收音机；
phone电话；
computer电脑；
paper纸；
book书；
magazine杂志
时间类
minute分钟；
hour小时；
day天；
week周；
month月；
year年
1.
位于形容词性物主代词后、名词所有格及语境中。
e.g.
your
dream
will
come
true
your
uncle’s
job
2.
位于形容词后。
e.g.
Li
Tao’s
biggest
dream
3.
位于限定词this,
these,
those,
many,
some,
any,
a
lot
of,
every,
a
glass
of等词后。
e.g.
drink
a
glass
of
milk
判断空格处使用名词的方法
9
4.
位于冠词后。
e.g.
His
dream
job
is
to
be
a
dancer
the
moon
goes
round
the
earth
5.
名词作定语
e.g.
have
a
chemistry
the
capital
city
of
Hainan
6.
位于数词后。
e.g.
a
flat
with
three
bedrooms
7.
位于动词或介词后作宾语。
e.g.
He
usually
goes
to
school
by
bike.
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