湖南省2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习 第二讲 冠词和数词（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第二讲
冠词和数词
【知识梳理】
一、冠词的类型
冠词的分类
不定冠词的用法
定冠词的用法
零冠词的用法
一、冠词的分类
冠词
不定冠词（泛指）
a
用于辅音音素或半元音音素前
an
用于元音音素前
定冠词（特指）
the
二、考试重点：
1.不定冠词
a
/
an
的用法：
不定冠词
a
/
an
用在单数名词的前面：a
用在辅音音素开头的词前面;
an
用在元音音素开头的词前面。
【注意】
常考的以元音字母开头前加
a
的单词：European,
university,useful,UFO,uniform,usual.
常考的以辅音字母开头前加
an
的单词：hour,
honest.
前加
an
的辅音字母：m,
f,
h,
n,
l,
x,s,r
不定冠词a/an的基本用法：
表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如：There
is
a
dog
lying
on
the
ground.
表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：An
elephant
is
much
stronger
than
a
man.(大象比人强壮多了。)
(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)
表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He
is
a
teacher
of
English.
表示“一”这个数量。如：There
is
a
table
and
four
chairs
in
that
dining-room.
不定冠词的固定搭配：
a
bit(一点)
a
little(一点)
a
few(几个)
a
lot
(许多)
a
kind
of(一种)
a
pair
of(一
副、一双)
a
number
of(大量的)
a
piece
of
(一张)
half
an
hour(半小时)
have
a
good
time(玩得开心)
have
a
cold(感冒)
make
a
noise(发出嘈杂声)
have/take
a
rest(休息)一会儿
1.定冠词
the
的用法：
特指：双方都知道。
如：The
man
with
a
flower
in
his
hand
is
Jack.
上文已提及。如：There
is
a
man
under
the
tree.
The
man
is
called
Robert.
(2)表示世界上独一无二的事物：
The
air,
the
earth,
the
moon,
the
sun,
the
world,
the
sky,
the
south
如：The
earth
turns
around
the
sun.
(3)序数词和形容词最高级的前面：
如：Who
is
the
first
one
to
go?(谁第一个去？)
常用在西洋乐器名称的前面：
如：He
began
to
play
the
violin
at
the
age
of
5.
(5)用在姓氏复数之前表示一家人：
如：The
Greens
are
going
to
Mountain
Emei
next
month.
（6）用于形容词或分词前表示一类人或事物，谓语动词用复数
穷人
the
poor
富人
the
rich
老人
the
old
年轻人
the
young
病人
the
sick
死人
the
dead
盲人
the
blind
伤者
the
wounded
好人
the
good
美人
the
beautiful
不认识的人
the
unknown
失业者
the
unemployed
残疾人
the
disabled
长者
the
elderly
（7）定冠词的固定搭配：at
the
same
time
(与此同时),make
the
bed(铺床),in
the
end(最后),all
the
time(一直),by
the
way(顺便说一下),on
the
way(在路上)等等。
零冠词的用法：
头衔、国家、语言、颜色前一般不用冠词。
如：China
is
a
very
large
country./
Doctor
Wang
likes
yellow.
周名,月名或季节名前一般不用冠词。
如：He
was
born
on
Monday,
February
18,1995.
They
usually
plant
trees
on
the
hills
in
spring.
(4)三餐饭前不用冠词。如：We
have
breakfast
at
home
and
lunch
at
school.
（5）节、假日前一般不用冠词。如：On
Children’s
Day,
the
boys
often
get
presents
from
their
parents.
（6）球类、棋类名词前不用冠词。如：The
children
play
football
on
Saturday
afternoons.
(6)城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用冠词。如：They
are
now
at
People’s
Cinema.
一些习惯用语中不用冠词。如：at
/
after
school;
after
/
to
work;
for
breakfast
【中考链接】
2012-2020年湖南中考题组
(
)1.（2012长沙）—What
do
you
think
of
Mike?
—He
is
honest
boy.
A.
a
B.
the
C.
an
(
)2.（2013长沙）Mary
was
born
in
1998
and
she
began
to
play
_______
guitar
at
the
age
of
seven.
A．a
B．/
C．the
(
)3.（2019?湘潭）This
year
is_____70th
anniversary（周年）of
the
founding
of
the
People's
Republic
of
China
A．a
B．an
C．the
(
)4.（2019?益阳）Mr．
Brown
has
_____________eight﹣year﹣old
daughter．
She
is
very
lovely．（　　）
A．a
B．an
C．the
(
)5.（2019?邵阳）The
Wandering
Earth，_______Chinese
film,has
become
one
of
_____
most
popular
films
this
year.
A．a；不填
B．a；the
C．a；a
(
)6.（2019?郴州）﹣Who
is
________
woman
in
red？
﹣She's
our
chemistry
teacher,Miss
Li.
A．a
B．an
C．the
(
)7.（2019?湘西州）一Jimmy,what
do
you
want
to
be
when
you
grow
up？
一I
want
to
be
_________engineer.
A．a
B．an
C．the
(
)8.（2018?怀化）﹣
There
is
a
chess
match
between
a
Korean
player
and
AlphaGo．
﹣
It'
s
very
amazing．Playing
chess
is
usually
one﹣to﹣one
game．（　　）
A．the；
a
B．/；
an
C．/；
a
(
)9.（2017?永州）Steve
lives
in
European
country，
and
he
teaches
in
university
there.
A．a；
a
B．an；
an
C．/；a
(
)10.（2016?常德）There
is____old
piano
in
______corner
of
the
living
room.
A．an；
the
B．an；
/
C．a
；the
（
）11.（2020?邵阳）The
Wandering
Earth，_______Chinese
film,has
become
one
of
_____
most
popular
films
this
year.
A．a；不填
B．a；the
C．a；a
2017—2019年长沙模拟·基础题组
(
)1.【2019-2
地质月考1】I
have
English
test
this
afternoon.
an;
/
B.
a;
at
C.
an;
in
(
)2.【2019-2麓山国际限时6】—
I
heard
that
you
have
improved
your
English.
Did
you
do
well
in______English
test?
—
I
hoped
to
get_______A,
but
not.
A.
an:
the
B.an;
an
C.the;
an
(
)3.【2018-2
师大博才入学】Mary
isn’t
only
child
in
her
family,
because
new
baby
is
on
the
way.
A.
the;a
B.
the;
an
C.
a;
an
(
)4.【2018-2
麓山国际月考
1】—Lisa
works
really
hard
for
getting
into
art
university.
—To
help
her,
I
suppose
I
can
lend
her
useful
book.
A.
an;an
B.
a;
a
C.
an;
a
(
)5.【2018-2
师大月考
1】This
is
girl
I’ve
told
you
about.
Isn’t
she
honest
girl?
A.
the;a
B.
the;
an
C.
a;
an
(
)6.【2018-2
雅礼月考
1】What
exciting
news!
GaoTingyu
did
a
great
job
in
the
skating
race.
A.
an
B.
a
C.
/
(
)7.【2018-2
长郡期中】—You’ve
dropped
“s”
in
the
word
“necessary”.
—Oh,
letter
“s”
is
doubled.
A.
/；a
B.
an;
the
C.a,
the
(
)8.【2018-2
广益月考
6】—The
task
is
too
difficult
for
me
to
finish.
—Don’t
worry.
I
‘ll
give
you
hand.
A.
a
B.
the
C.
/
(
)9.【2018
教科院五模】I
usually
have
eggs,
milk
and
bread
for
breakfast.
A.
/
B.
an
C.the
(
)10.【2017
教科院一模】He
didn’t
go
to
the
picnic
yesterday
because
he
was
ill
in
hospital.
A.a
B.
the
C.
/
数词
【知识梳理】
一、分类：数词可分为基数词和序数词。
二、基数词的用法
①.
hundred
数词+
thousand
(表示具体数字)
（several）million
billion
②
hundreds
thousands
Millions
+
of
(表示概数)
billions
some
/
many
hundreds
考点：百，千，万与具体的数字连用时不能加
s;表示数百，数千等时加
s.
三、数词的表示法
—
年月日（
有日用
on
无日用
in）
①
月日年
在
2008
年
10
月
1
日
on
Oct.
1st,
2008
on
October
the
first,
two
thousand
and
eight
②
月日
在
8
月
9
日
on
August
the
ninth
③
月年季节
在
2010
年
5
月
in
May,
two
thousand
and
ten，in
Spring
四、数词的表示法
—
年代世纪
20
世纪
90
年代：in
the
nineteen
nineties
/
in
the
1990s
在某人几十岁时：in
one’s
+
整十基数词复数
(in
his
twenties)
五、数词的表示法
—
时间（在几点钟用介词
at）在六点钟：
at
six
o’clock
六、分数，小数，百分数
80
%
基数词
+
percent
eighty
percent
3.78
three
point
seven
eight
1/5
one
fifth
2/7
two
sevenths
1/4
a
quarter
3/4
three
quarters
考点：
(百)分数
+
of
+
可数名词复数
谓语动词用复数
(百)分数
+
of
+
不可数名词
谓语动词用单数
七、数词的表示法
—
倍数
一倍
once，
两倍
twice，
三倍
three
times
(三倍或以上
基数词＋times)
This
box
is
four
times
as
big
as
that
one.
这个盒子比那个大四倍。
=This
box
is
four
times
bigger
than
that
one.
八、数词的表示法
—
编号
一般编码用：名词
+
基数词
207
房
Room
207
三年级一班
Class
one,
Grade
three
第五部分
Part
five
=
the
fifth
part
第一课
Lesson
one
=
the
first
lesson
3
号汽车
Bus
No.3
=
the
No.3
bus
第一中学
No.
1
Middle
School
九、基数词＋单数名词＋形容词构成合成形容词。
一个五岁的男孩
a
five-year-old
boy；
一座
800
米长的桥
an
800-metre-long
bridge；
女子
400
米接力
girls
400-metre
relay
race.
注意：five-year-olds
表示五岁的孩子们
十、
序数词的句法功能：在句中可做主语，表语，宾语或者定语等。
The
first
is
mine
and
the
second
is
yours.
第一个是我的，第二个是你的。（做主语）
You
are
the
second
to
come.
你是你第二个来的。（做表语）
Do
you
prefer
the
first
or
the
second?
第一个和第二个你更喜欢哪一个呢？（做宾语）
We
are
to
carry
out
the
first
plan.
我们将实施第一个计划。（做定语）
【注】在使用序数词时，通常前面要加定冠词
the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词
a
或
an
时，则表示“再一”，“又一”。如：
We’ll
go
over
it
a
second
time.
We’ve
tried
it
three
times.
Must
we
try
it
a
fourth
time?
【中考链接】
2018-2020年湖南中考题组
（　）1.（2019·湘西）—Excuse?me,
Mary.
Can?you
read?“198”
in
English?
—Yes,?of?course.?____________________.
One?hundred?ninety-eight
B.
One
hundred?nine?eight
C.
One
hundred
and?ninety-eight
（　）2.（2019·怀化）Li?Wen?is?a?normal?_______boy
from
the
countryside.
He
works
hard
and
does
well
in
school.
A.
15?years?old
B.15-years-old
C.
15-year-old
（　）3.（2019·邵阳）My?daughter?is?_______years
old.
Today?is?her?__________birthday.
A.?nine;?nineth
B.?nine;?ninth
C.
ninth;?nine
（　）4.（2019?·郴州）The?workers?will?complete?the?new?bridge?in?____________.
A.
two
and
a?half?months
B.
two
months?and?half
C.
two
and
a
half?month
（　）5.（2019·岳阳）Every
year,
_________books
are
given
away
to
the
poor
children
in
the
countryside.
A．two
thousand
B．thousands
of
C．thousand
of
（　）6.（2019?吉首）--How
many
books
are
there
on
the
shelf？
--Well.I
think
there
are
________
books.
A．two
hundred
and
forty-six
B．two
hundreds
and
forty
C．two
hundred
fourteen
（　）7.（2018?永州）﹣When
did
you
start
to
collect
stamps？
﹣I
got
my
______
stamp
when
I
was
______
years
old.
A．one，seven
B．first，seven
C．first，seventh
（　）8.（2018?常德）Five
_______
new
books
were
sold
out
last
month.
A．thousands
of
B．thousand
C．thousand
of
（　）9.（2018?邵阳）There
are______teachers
in
our
school
and
most
of
them
are
women
teachers.
A．hundreds
of
B．hundred
of
C．hundreds
（　）10.（2017?营口）How
was
your
day
of
yesterday!
﹣Great!I
Was
my
grandma's
birthday，We
had
a
big
family
dinner.
A．the
eightieth
B．eightieth
C．eighteenth
2018—2019年长沙模拟·基础题组
(
)1.【2019-2麓山国际限时6】.—Did
all
of
the
students
go
to
the
football
match
last
week?
—No,
only______them
went
there.
A.two
hundred
B.
two
hundred
of
C.
two
hundreds
of
(
)2.【2018-2
一中月考
1】I
think
of
the
listening
materials
easy.
A.
third
four;
are
B.
three
fourths;
are
C.
three
four;
is
(
)3.【2018
南雅一模】—What
do
you
think
of
the
environment
here?
—It
couldn’t
be
better!
of
the
land
covered
with
trees
and
grass.
A.
Two
fifths;
is
B.
Two
fifth;
are
C.
Two
fifths;
are
(
)4.【2018
周南一模】In
China,
online
education
has
become
more
and
more
popular.___children
are
going
into
online
classes
for
English,
Maths
and
Science
now.
A.
Million
of
B.
Millions
of
C.
Ten
millions
of
(
)5.【2018
教科院六模】Although
I
have
failed
three
times,
I
still
want
to
try
a_________time.
A．four
B.
fourth
C.
the
fourth
(
)6.【2018-2
一中月考
1】Although
40%
of
the
area
badly
polluted,
less
than
4%
of
the
people
able
to
take
action
to
improve
the
situation.
A.
is;are
B.
are;is
C.
are;are
(
)7.【2018-2
长郡月考
3】I
think
are
old
enough
to
make
their
own
decisions.
six-years-old
B.
six-year-olds
C.
six-year-old
(
)8.【2018-2
雅礼月考
2】﹣Who
won
the
fist
prize
of
the
______World
Table
Tennis
Championship？
﹣You
mean
the
match
help
in
______？Ma
Long
did.
A．fifty﹣fourths;Germany
B．fifty﹣fourth;Germany
C．fifty﹣fourth;German
9.（2020长郡双语二模）
-What
do
you
think
of
the
environment
here,
Mr.
Wang?
-Wonderful.
of
the
land
covered
with
trees
and
grass.
A.Two
fifths,is
B.Two
fifth,is
C.Two
fifths,are
10.（2020?绥化）This?is?my_________day
to
be?here.
A.?a
second
B.?the?second
C.
second
冠词
参考答案
中考链接：1-5
CCCBB
6-10
CBCAA
11
B
长沙模拟：1-5
CCACB
6-10
CBAAC
数词
参考答案
中考链接：1-5
CCBAB
6-10
ABBAB
长沙模拟：1-5
BBABB
6-10
ABBAC
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