湖南省2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习 第三讲 代词（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第三讲
代词
【知识梳理】
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。按其意义、特征及在句中的作用主要分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。
一、人称代词、物主代词及反身代词
词性分类
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
主格
宾格
形容词性
名词性
第一人称
单数
I
me
my
mine
myself
复数
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二人称
单数
you
you
your
yours
yourself
复数
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三人称
单数
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
复数
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
1.人称代词的用法
①人称代词主格在句子中担任主语。
She
likes
watching
movies.
②人称代词宾格在句子中担任动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
We
listen
to
them
and
they
help
us.
—Who
is
knocking
at
the
door?
—It’s
me.
2.物主代词的用法
①形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句子中担任定语修饰名词，不能单独使用。
They
are
our
new
friends.
②名词性物主代词语法上相当于名词，意义上相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，经常用其来避免和前面提到的名词重复。
This
is
my
dictionary.
Where
is
yours
(=your
dictionary)?
3.反身代词的用法
①作动词或介词宾语。
I
hope
you
can
enjoy
yourselves
at
the
party.
They
did
the
job
all
by
themselves.
②作主语或宾语的同位语。
Did
you
make
the
cake
yourself?
(yourself作主语you的同位语)
I
wish
I
could
hear
Beethoven
himself
play
this
music.
(himself作宾语Beethoven的同位语)
③反身代词常用词组
teach
oneself自学
learn
by
oneself自学
enjoy
oneself玩得愉快
hurt
oneself伤了自己
help
oneself
to自便
come
to
oneself苏醒
by
oneself单独；亲自
二、指示代词
指示代词是一种只指出某人或某物，但未说明某人或某物名称的词。常用的指示代词有：单数this和that；复数these和
those。
1.指示代词的用法
①this/these用于指代近距离的人或事物；that/those用于指代远距离的人或事物。
②打电话时this可用来指“我”，that可用来指“你”。
③下文要提到的事物用this；前面刚提到的事物用that。
Please
remember
this:
no
pains,
no
gains.
He
was
ill.
That
was
why
he
didn’t
go
to
school.
2.代词it
①指代前面提到过的事物。
The
book
on
the
desk
is
not
mine.
It
is
Jim’s.
②代替指示代词this或
that
。
—What's
that?
—It
is
a
pencil.
③指代婴儿或不明身份的人。
Someone
is
knocking
at
the
door.
Please
go
and
see
who
it
is
④指代时间成季节
—What’s
the
time
now?
—It's
ten
o'clock
⑤指代天气。
—What's
the
weather
like
today?
—It’s
sunny
⑥指代距离。
How
far
is
it
from
your
home
to
school?
⑦用于固定句型。
It’s+adj.(+for
sb.)+
to
do
sth.
做某事(对某人来说)是...。
It
is
one's
turn
to
do
sth.轮到某人做某事了。
It's
time(
for
sh.)
to
do
sth.是(某人)做某事的时候了。
It's
said
that..据说...
It
is/
has
been+时间段+since+从句(过去时)自从...以来，已经有...(时间)了。
It
takes
sb.....
to
do
sth,某人花费....做某事。
Sb.+find/
think/feel+it
(it’s)+adj.+
to
do
sth.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是...的。
3.it,one,that作替代词时的区别
①it特指上文提到的同一事物。如
The
book
is
mine.
It's
very
interesting
②one泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类而不同物。
—Who
has
a
pen?谁有钢笔?
—I
have
one我有一支
③that常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复。
The
weather
in
Beijing
is
colder
than
that
in
Guangzhou
in
winter
三、不定代词
1.some和any
两者均可修饰可数和不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句，但在疑问句中，若说话人想要得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some；any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，表示“一些”，也可用于肯定句中，表示“任一”。
There
are
some
students
in
the
classroom,
but
there
aren’t
any
teachers.
Would
you
like
some
tea?
2.many
和much
many修饰可数名词的复数形式，much修饰不可数名词。两者均可以和表示程度的副词so,
too,
as,
how连用构成too
many/much,
so
many/much,
as
many/much
as,
how
many/much.
I
have
too
much
work
to
do.
How
did
you
make
so
many
mistakes?
Please
speak
English
as
much
as
possible.
3.few,
a
few
和little,
a
little.
few和a
few修饰可数名词，little和a
little修饰不可数名词。few，little表示否定，a
few，a
little表示肯定。
Very
few
of
his
books
worth
reading.
I
have
a
few
of
books
in
my
study.
She
said
little
about
her
experience.
I
have
read
a
little
of
the
book
so
far.
4.both/neither/either/any/all/none
both
①指两者“都”，表示肯定，后接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数。Both
of
the
sisters
are
students.②构成搭配both.....and.....表示两者兼有。Both
Lucy
and
Lily
are
students
.
either
①指两者中的“任何一个”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。Either
of
the
students
is
clever.
Either
of
them
likes
football.②构成搭配either…or…
表两者中任意一者。意为"或者……或者……；不是……就是……"。表示两者之一。当连接两个主语时，谓语遵循就近原则。Either
you
or
he
is
student.
Either
you
or
I
am
student.
neither
①指两者“都不”，表示否定，作主语时谓语用单数。Neither
of
the
students
is
clever.
Neither
of
them
likes
football.②构成搭配neither…nor…
表示两者都否定（既不…,也不…），当连接两个主语时，谓语应遵循就近原则。Neither
I
nor
she
is
at
home.
Neither
she
nor
I
am
at
home.
all
指三者（或三者以上）“全部都”，表示肯定，后接可数名词复数（作主语时谓语动词用复数）和不可数名词（作主语时谓语动词用单数）。All
of
the
students
are
in
our
class.
any
指三者（或三者以上）中的任意一个。Any
child
who
breaks
the
rules
will
be
punished.
none
指三者（或三者以上）“都不，没有一个”，表示否定。作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例：None
of
the
students
are/is
in
our
class.
5.other/the
other/others/the
others/another
other
另外；其他
常与复数名词连用，若前面有the,
some,
any,
each,
every,
no,
my等，则可与单数名词连用。Are
there
any
other
questions?
the
other
两者中的另一个
常与one连用，构成one...the
other...的结构，表示“一个……，另一个……”；后接名词单复数均可，特指“其他的”；the
other+可数名词复数=
the
othersHe
has
two
daughters.
One
is
a
nurse,
and
the
other
is
a
worker.
others
别的人或物
泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），后不可接名词，可构成some...others...的结构，表示“有的……，有的……”Some?boys?are?reading
and
others?are?listening?to?the?radio.??
the
others
其余所有的人或物
特指在一个整体中剩余的全部。There
are
forty
students
in
our
class.
Thirty
of
us
come
to
school
by
bike,
and
the
others
all
work
to
school.
another
另一个，任何一个
指三者或三者以上中的任何一个一个，另一个，可代替或后接单数可数名词。I
don’t
like
this
one.
Please
give
me
another
one.
6.复合不定代词
one
body
thing
some
someone某人
somebody某人
something某事
any
anyone任何人
anybody任何人
anything任何事
no
no
one没有人
nobody没有人
no
thing没有东西
every
everyone每人
everybody每人
everything每一件事
四、疑问代词
疑问代词
主要用法
例句
who
“谁”，主格形式作主语
Who
can
answer
the
question?Who
is
the
man
over
there?
whom
“谁”，宾格形式，口语中往往被who代替
Whom/whom
are
you
talking
to?
whose
“谁的”所有格形式
Whose
exercise
book
is
this?Whose
is
this
exercise
book?
what
询问不定书目中的“哪个”、“哪些”，没有范围的限定；也可用于询问某人的职业
What
are
you
going
to
do?What
class
are
you
in?What
is
your
mother?
which
“哪个”、“哪些”，询问一定范围内特指的人或物
Which
class
are
you
in,
Class
1
or
Class
2?
【中考链接】
2016—2020年湖南中考真题题组
1.（2019,长沙,25）—
So
sorry,
I
took
your
school
T-shirt
by
mistake.
But
where
is
_______?
—
Don’t
worry.
Let
me
help
you
find
it.
yours
B．his
C．Mine
2.（2019.郴州,25）Our
teachers
and
parents
will
be
proud
of
us
because
we
have
grown
up
and
can
be
responsible
for
_________.
A.
themselves
B.
ourselves
C.
yourselves
3.（2019邵阳22）—Which
singer
do
you
like,
Zhang
Liangying
or
Zhou
Bichang?
—______.
I
love
their
songs
very
much.
A.
All
B.
Neither
C.
Both
4.（2019湘潭26）______is
unhealthy
for
us
to
go
to
school
without
eating
breakfast
in
the
morning.
A.
That
B.
This
C.
It
5.（2019湘西23.）
一Is
that
your
watch,
Mike?
一No,
it
isn't.
_____is
on
the
table.
A.
I
B.
Me
C.
Mine
6.（2019益阳24）—Jeff，
is
this_____
notebook?
—No，
it's
not
_____.Maybe
it's
Mary's.
A.
you；
my
B.
your；mine
C.
yours；me
7.(2019岳阳22）.
Yuan
Longping
is
very
creative.
We
all
look
up
to_____.
A.
it
B.
him
C.
her
8.(2018长沙,24)—How
many
apples
can
I
have?
—You
can
have
two.
　　????
are
for
Jim.
A.The
others
B.Others
C.The
other
9.(2018怀化,23)As
we
all
have
grown
up,
we
should
learn
to
look
after
　　????.
A.ourselves
B.us
C.myself
10.(2018邵阳,21)—Is
this
your
English
book?
—No,
it's
my
brother's.　　????is
over
there.
A.Mine
B.My
C.Me
11.(2018岳阳,22)—Is
this
your
dictionary?
—Yes,
it's
　　????.
A.me
B.my
C.mine
12.(2017长沙,23)—There's
　　????
in
the
city.
Why
not
have
a
picnic
in
the
countryside?
—Great.
Daweishan
Mountain
might
be
a
good
choice.
A.interesting
something
B.nothing
interesting
C.anything
interesting
13.(2017长沙,25)—Is
there
anybody
who
can
lend
me
a
hand?
—I'm
afraid
not.
You
know,
you
are
supposed
to
depend
on
　　????.
A.myself
B.yourself
C.themselves
14.(2017常德,22)—Are
these
your
books?
—No,
they
aren't.
They
are　　????.
A.she
B.hers
C.her
15.(2017邵阳,23)She
is
new
here.
I
don't
know　　????
name.
A.hers
B.her
C.she
16.(2017郴州,25)There
are
many
tall
trees
on　　????
sides
of
the
river.
A.both
B.all
C.either
17.(2017怀化,23)—Excuse
me.
Is
this　　????
ruler?
—No.
It's
her
ruler.
　　????is
in
the
pencil
box.
A.your;My
B.yours;Mine
C.your;Mine
18.(2017益阳,22)—Is
this
your
son's
sweater?
—No,
　　????
is
on
the
chair
behind
the
desk.
A.hers
B.yours
C.his
19.(2017益阳,23)—Which
of
the
two
subjects
do
you
like,
P.E.
or
music?
—　　????.
They
are
really
interesting.
A.Neither
B.Both
C.None
20.(2016长沙,21)Miss
Smith,
an
American
lady,
has
taught
　　????English
for
three
years.
A.we
B.us
C.our
21.(2016株洲,22)The
twins
are
in
different
classes.
One
is
in
Class
One
and　　????is
in
Class
Two.
A.another
B.other
C.the
other
22.(2016常德,23)—Is
this
your
pencil?
—Yes,
it's　　????.
A.my
B.me
C.mine
23.(2016衡阳,22)On
the
way
to
Mount
Heng,
the
scenery
was
so
beautiful
that
all
of
us
lost
　　?????in
it.
A.myself
B.themselves
C.ourselves
24.(2016怀化,22)—Tina,
is
this
your
dictionary?
—No.
　　????
is
at
home.
A.My
B.Mine
C.Yours
25.(2016邵阳,23)—David,
is
that　　????English
dictionary?
—Yes,
it
is　　????.
It
is
new.
A.yours;my
B.your;my
C.your;mine
26.（2020长沙，21）The
twins
are
so
alike
that
even
their
father
finds______hard
to
tell
them
from
each
other．（　　）
A．it
B．him
C．them
2016—2018年模拟·基础题组
1.(2018
周南实验段考,23)Is
this
　　????
computer?
—Yes.
My
mother
bought
　　????
for
me.
A.your;it
B.you;one
C.yours;it
2.(2018周南集团联考,
22)My
father
is
a
worker.
　　????
is
very
kind.
A.He
B.She
C.They
3.(2018
明德集团段考,23)—Which
movie
do
you
like,
Wolf
Warriors
Ⅱ
or
Geostorm?
—　　????.
I
like
Kingsman:
The
Golden
Circle.
A.both
B.either
C.neither
4.(2017周南梅溪湖月考,22)Jenny
has
a
sweet
tooth.
Let's
make
some
cookies
for　　????.
A.me
B.him
C.her
5.(2017长沙麓山国际实验学校第五次限时训练,26)—Help　　????
to
some
fish,
boys!
—Thank
you!
A.yourself
B.yourselves
C.you
6.(2017周南教育集团联考,22)—There
is
no
salt
left.
Jim,
would
you
like
to
get　　?????
—OK,Mum!
A.any
B.one
C.some
7.(2017周南中学期中考试,23)—Which
hat
would
you
like?
—The
white
one
is
too
small,
but
the
red
one
is
too
big.
So
I'll
choose　　????.
A.both
B.none
C.neither
8.(2017长沙模拟五,22)—Who
is
the
woman
over
there?
—She
is
Miss
Liu.
She
teaches
　　????English.
A.our
B.ours
C.us
9.(2016岳阳12校联考,24)—Where
is　　????English
book?
—I'm
sorry.
I
have
taken　　????by
mistake.
A.my;yours
B.her;her
C.my;you
10.(2016永州祁阳期中,20)—Is
this　　????iPhone
6?
—No,
it
isn't　　????.
It
belongs
to
Lucy.
A.yours;mine
B.your;mine
C.your;my
代词
参考答案
【中考链接】
2016—2020?年湖南中考题组
1-5
CBCCC
6-10
BBAAA
11-15
CBBBB?
16-20
ACCBB?
21-25
CCCBC???
26A
2016—2018?年模拟·基础题组
1-5???AACCB?????
6-10
CCCAB?
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