教师辅导教案
学员编号：
年
级：
初二
课
时
数：
学员姓名：
辅导科目：英语
学科教师：
课程主题：
8B
Unit1同步知识梳理（上）
授课时间：
学习目标
1．掌握本单元出现的一些重点词汇和重要句型，并能灵活运用。
2．掌握现在完成时的基本用法。
教学内容
进门测试：建议5min
1．--
Will
you
go
and
see
the
movie
Net
Mother
with
me?
--
Thank
you.
But
I
_____it
already.
A.
saw
B.
have
seen
C.
see
D.
will
see
2．My
son
____________
up
yet
because
he
_____________
to
bed
very
late
last
night.
A.
hasn’t
got;
has
gone
B.
didn’t
get;
went
C.
doesn’t
get;
went
D.
hasn’t
got;
went
3．Water__________
（污染）is
one
of
the
most
serious
problems
we
are
facing
now.
4．I
didn't__________
（意识到）what
happened
until
he
told
me
about
it.
5．You
can't
let
your
past
affect（影响）your
__________
（现在）．
多元导学：建议10min
互动精讲：建议70min
一、重点词汇
【知识梳理】
1．It
has
become
impossible
for
us
to
see
each
other
as
often
as
before.(P9)对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。
（1）此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式
to
see
each
other.
常用句型：It
is
+adj+
for
sb
to
do
sth.
对某人来说做某事是怎样的。
【辨析】It
is
dangerous
for
us
to
go
out
alone
at
night.
（2）as...as...和......一样
not
as/
so...as...不如
【典例分析】他和Tom
一样高。
2．Now
the
river
is
much
cleaner.
(P9)现在河流干净了很多。
此处的much
用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：
【典例分析】--How
do
you
feel
today?
--Even
worse.
3．Later
the
government
realized
the
problem
and
took
action
to
improve
the
situation.(P9)后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。
（1）realize
v.
意识到；实现=
【典例分析】My
dream
comes
true.=I
realize
my
dream.
（2）improve
v.
提高；改善；改进
n.
提高，改进；
【搭配】improve
living
standard
提高生活水平;
improve
your
English
改善你的英语；
【典例分析】Do
you
know
how
to
improve
your
memory?
4．There
was
once
a
steel
factory
near
the
Sunshine
River.(P9)
阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。
once:
adv.曾经
=used
to
【辨析】There
was
once
a
shopping
centre
here.=There
used
to
be
a
shopping
centre
here.
n.一次，一回;
=
one
time
两次
三次
【典例分析】
1.
I
am
used
to
doing
exercise
once
a
week.(划线部分提问）
2.
I
am
used
to
doing
exercise
once
a
week.(划线部分提问）
5．When
I
got
married
in
1965,
my
wife
and
I
moved
two
blocks
away
and
we’ve
lived
in
this
area
since
then.(P8)当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。
（1）marry:
vt.&
vi.（使）结婚;
娶;
嫁;
结合;
marry
sb
marry
A
to
B
adj.
已婚的;
短语：A
and
B
get
married
/A
get(s)
married
to
B
n.
婚姻
【典例分析】Some
young
couples
got
married
on
that
day.
（2）move:
vt.&
vi.移动，搬动;
使感动
【搭配】move
away
move
into
move
out
of
【典例分析】Every
year
millions
of
people
moved
into
the
city
while
millions
of
people
moved
away.
6．I
first
lived
in
the
northern
part
of
the
town
with
my
parents.(P8)
北南西东东南东北西南西北adj.northernsouthenwesterneasternn
.northsouthwesteast
【典例分析】Beijing
is
in
the
northern
part
of
China.
批注：注意in
the
north与
in
the
northern
part
of
的同义句转换。例如：
Beijing
is
in
the
north
of
China.=Beijing
is
in
the
northern
part
of
China.
5.
Now
I
feel
a
bit
lonely
from
time
to
time.现在我时常感到有点儿寂寞。
探究点一：a
bit意为“_______”。
[指点迷津]
(1)a
bit意为“一点儿；有一点儿”，可以修饰形容词或副词的原级和比较级，相当于a
little。
I
am
a
bit
hungry.＝I
am
a
little
hungry.我有一点儿饿。
He
is
a
bit
taller
than
I．＝He
is
a
little
taller
than
I.他比我高一点儿。
Tom
runs
a
bit
faster
than
Sam.
＝Tom
runs
a
little
faster
than
Sam.汤姆跑得比萨姆快一点儿。
(2)a
bit
of
后面可以跟不可数名词，相当于a
little后面跟不可数名词。
There
is
a
bit
of
tea
in
the
cup.＝There
is
a
little
tea
in
the
cup.杯子里有一点儿茶。
【例题精讲】
(
)1.
It
Is
_______hotter
today
than
yesterday.
A.
a
bit
of
B.
a
bit
C.
little
D.
a
little
of
2.
Will?you?please?turn?down?the?radio?_____________?
3.
I’ve?got?only_______________money?with?me?today.?I’m?afraid?I?can’t?help?you.
探究点二：lonely与alone有何区别？
[指点迷津]
(1)alone可以作形容词，但是只作表语，不作定语。
He
was
alone
in
the
house．他独自一人在家。
[注意]
alone也可以作副词，意为“独自”。
He
came
alone.他是独自一人来的。
(2)lonely既可以作定语，也可以作袁语。作表语是“寂寞、孤立”的意思，一般指人孤独寂寞；作定语指地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的感彩。
She
often
feels
lonely
because
she
lives
alone.
她经常感到孤独，因为她独自一人生活。
This
is
a
lonely
place.这是一个荒无人烟的地方。
(
)(2013．绥化)Though
he
is_______
at
home，he
doesn't
feel_______
for
he
has
many
things
to
do.
A.
alone;
lonely
B.
lonely;
alone
C.
alone;
alone
探究点三：from
time
to
time的意思是“_______”。
[指点迷津]
from
time
to
time意为“不时，有时，偶尔”
关于time的词组
from
time
to
time=sometimes=at
times
时不时地；偶尔on
time
准时in
time
及时sometime
某个时候
1
will
see
you
from
time
to
time.我会时常去看望你们。
【例题精讲】
例1．The__________
（采访）lasted
about
four
hours
and
made
all
the
people
very
tired.
例2．Danny
and
Daniel
are
brothers,
and
their
__________
(妻子)
are
sisters
例3．Sally
became
a
member
of
the
company
after
the
job__________
（面试）．
例4．Jack
and
Lucy
have
been
m__________
for
nearly
one
year
例5．Guo
Chuan
is
the
first
Chinese
________(realize)
the
dream
of
sailing
around
the
world.
例6．The
smoke
from
local
factories
has
p__________
the
air.
例7．Many
birds
fly
back
to
__________
(north)
countries
when
warm
weather
comes.
例8．To
have
a
cleaner
sky,
the
government
plans
to
move
all
the
________(
factory)
out
of
the
city.
例9．Mr
Black
has
been
in
China
for
three
years
and
now
he
is
used
to
______
(eat)
Chinese
food.
例10．Isn’t
it
strange
that
the
cat
is
used
to
_______(lie)
beside
the
dog
peacefully
例11．I
had
to
throw
away
all
the
food
after
I
left
the
fridge
open.
What
a
__________
(浪费）!
例12．What
do
you
think
about
the
air
__________
(pollute)
in
your
hometown?
【巩固练习】
1．Many
people
do
not
realize
the
importance
of
health
______
they
have
fallen.
A.
until
B.
while
C.
when
D.
after
2．The
old
man
lives
_______,but
he
does
not
feel________.
A.
alone;
alone
B.
lonely;
lonely
C.
lonely;
alone
D.
alone;
lonely
3．He
_______
dinner
at
restaurants
last
year,
but
now
he
usually
comes
back
home
after
work
and
cooks
supper
for
his
family.
A.
used
to
have
B.
is
used
to
have
C.
was
used
to
have
D.
is
used
to
having
4．The
Greens
used
to
live
in
London
and
now
they
_________
in
Beijing.
A.
used
to
live
B.
are
used
to
live
C.
are
used
to
living
D.
are
used
for
living
5．--I
have
______
finished
my
homework,
what
about
you?
--
I
finished
it
______.
A.
just;
just
B.
just
now;
just
now
C.
just;
just
now
D.
just
now;
just
6．Mr.
Green
has
worked
in
Zhenjiang
since
his
family
________
to
China
years
ago.
A.
has
moved
B.
moves
C.
moved
D.
move
7．Don’t
you
think
that
the
river
is
________now?
A.
much
cleaner
B.
very
cleaner
C.
much
clean
D.
cleanest
8．---I
have
bought
a
Chinese
–
English
dictionary.
--
When
and
where_____
you
_____
it?
A.
have,
bought
B.
did,
buy
C.
will,
buy
D.
do,
buy
二、语法和句型
【知识梳理】
Present
perfect
tense
(现在完成时)项目内容备注概念◇表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。
Eddie
has
eaten
my
food.
(Eddie
ate
the
food
and
now
Hobo
has
nothing
to
eat.)◇表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。Eddie
has
lived
with
Mille
since
he
was
born.Eddie
has
lived
with
Mille
for
four
years.构成助动词has/have
+动词的过去分词动词过去分词规则变化跟对应的过去式一样，在后面加ed.特殊变化详见书本。（P122-123）肯定形式They
have
finished
their
homework.He
has
finished
his
homework.缩略形式：they
have=they’ve;he
has=he’s否定形式They
haven’t
finished
their
homework.He
hasn’t
finished
his
homework.疑问形式Have
they
finished
their
homework?Yes,
they
have.
/
No,
they
haven’t.关键词
already(用于肯定句),
yet(用于否定句和疑问句),
since+一点时间,
for+一段时间,never,
ever,
three
times(其它表示频率的词,
once,
twice等)before,
recently,
in
the
past/last
few
years,
so
far,
this
month,
today,
now◇表示过去某一个动作的结果，现在情况依然存在。这时一般不用时间状语。I
have
lost
my
pen.◇包括现在时间在内的时间状语如today,
this
month,
this
week等有时也用现在完成时。
1．already与yet用法区别
already
用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。
yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般至于句末。
【典例分析】：
I
have
already
worked
out
this
math
problem?
(改为否定句)
I
worked
out
the
math
problem
.
3．since
和for用法区别
(1)since的用法①since
后面加点时间，如since
nearly
three
years
ago或since2008.
②since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时.
(2)
for的用法：for后加一段时间。
since/for
可以通过ago进行同义句转换。
【典例分析】：
1.They
have
worked
in
the
factory
since
ten
months
ago.=
They
have
worked
in
the
factory
for
ten
years
2.We
have
learned
English
for
nearly
three
years.
=We
have
learned
English
since
three
years
ago.
3.I
have
had
a
cold
_______
last
Saturday,
I
have
had
a
cold
______
5
days.
I
have
had
a
cold
______
5
days
ago.
所以：______
5
days=
______
5
days
ago
【典例分析】：
例1.(
)
I
haven’t
seen
you
_____
last
Friday.
A.
for
B.
since
C.
from
D.
on
例2.(
)
Mr.
White
came
to
our
school
in
2008,
and
since
then
he
_____
us
English.
(2011盐城)
A.
teaches
B.
taught
C.
has
taught
D.
will
teach
4．
动词的过去分词的用法
Regular
verbsIrregular
verbsBase
formPast
participleBase
formPast
participlevisitvisitedhithitrepairrepairedputputlivelivedmeetmetmovemovedmakemadetrytriedsellsoldstudystudiedgivegivenfitfittedwritewritten
规则动词的过去分词的构成
1.大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed；例如：
work→worked
listen→listened
jump→jumped
visit→visited
2.在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d；例如：
close→closed
like→liked
agree→agreed
move→moved
3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed；例如：
study→studied
carry→carried
try→tried
worry→worried
4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed；例如：
stop→stopped
drop→dropped
不规则动词的过去分词的构成
1.
有些动词的原形和过去分词相同；例如：
put→put
hurt→hurt
become→become
run→run
2.改变单词中间元音字母；例如：
sit→sat
win→won
hold→held
3.把单词结尾的字母d改为t；例如：
lend→lent
spend→spent
send→sent
4.以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept；例如：
keep→kept
sleep→slept
5.
过去分词以aught或ought结尾；例如：
teach→taught
buy→bought
6.以ay结尾的动词，把ay变成aid；例如：
say→said
pay→paid
7.在原形词尾加n或en；例如：
give→given
eat→eaten
还有些动词的过去分词是不规则的，需要特殊记忆
【例题精讲】
例1．_______
you
and
your
penfriend_______
(keep)
writing
to
each
other
for
many
years?
例2．It's
the
third
time
you_______
(be)
late
for
school
this
week.
Please
come
to
school
early
next
time.
例3．How
many
times_______
the
teacher_______
(communicate)
with
the
parents
in
the
past
two
months?
例4．I
__________(read)
this
magazine.
Will
you
please
show
me
another?
例5．There
_________
(not
be)
much
snow
here
in
the
past
three
years.
例6．--
Is
your
father
at
home?
--
No,
I’m
afraid
he
____________(go)
out.
例7．Miss
Lee________
(teach)
us
English
since
she
came
here
three
years
ago.
例8．--Turn
off
the
radio,
dear.
Baby
is
sleeping.
--There
is
no
need.
He___________(wake)
up.
【巩固练习】
1．--
Kitty,
will
you
go
to
see
the
film
Cold
Mountain
this
evening?
--
No,
I
won’t.
I
________
it
already.
A.
see
B.
saw
C.
have
seen
D.
will
see
2．Our
streets
and
villages
_________
much
cleaner
in
the
past
few
months．
A.
have
became
B.
have
become
C.
became
D.
will
become
3．Kate
_______
to
dance
since
she
was
5.
So
she
dances
very
well.
A.
has
learned
B.
learns
C.
have
learned
D.
learned
4．David
knows
much
about
the
city
because
he
_____
there
many
times．
A.
goes
B.
went
C.
has
gone
D.
has
been
5．--
_______
you
ever
________
to
Xinjiang?
--
Yes,
I_________
there
last
year.
A.
Have
gone,
went
B.
Have
been,
have
been
C.
Have
been,
went
D.
Have
gone,
have
gone
6．Mr.Fan
___
this
watch
in
2006.
He
____
it
for
10
years.
A.
bought,
has
had
B.
bought,
has
C.
has
bought,
has
had
D.
has
bought,
had
7．He’s
never
been
late
for
work,
_______
_______?
A.
has
he
B.
hasn’t
he
C.
is,
he
D.
isn’t
he
课堂检测：建议15min
课后巩固
1．The
two
girls__________
(teach)
English
for
about
two
years.
2．
My
__________
(丈夫)is
a
kind
person.
3．They
are
planning
to
build
a
few
new__________
(工厂)in
the
country.
4．Bai
Yansong
had
an__________
（采访）with
the
famous
scientist
last
week.
5．Their__________
（妻子）are
standing
there
and
chatting
with
each
other.
6．Things
__________
(
change
)
a
lot
in
the
past
years.
7．What
do
you
think
about
the
air
__________
(pollute)
in
your
hometown?
8．We
should
do
our
best
to
protect
the
__________
(环境).
9．─Have
you
been
to
Hong
Kong
__________
(recent)?
─No,
I
haven't
10．Please
write
down
these
soldiers'
__________
(wife)
names
in
the
form.
11．
(A)
“Save
the
whales!”
That’s
what
the
picture
on
Jake
Smith’s
bedroom
wall
said.
Jake
liked
having
a
picture
that
said
something
important:
that
showed
he
cared.
He
just
never
expected
to
get
a
chance
to
save
a
real
whale,
one
right
in
his
own
neighborhood.
It
was
a
Saturday
morning
when
the
newspaper
first
reported
the
whales’
coming.
A
group
of
the
animals
were
swimming
close
to
the
beach
in
Jake’s
hometown.
All
the
local
people
rushed
out
to
the
beach
to
see
them.
They
were
expecting
a
beautiful
show,
better
than
a
movie,
but
nothing
they’d
have
to
do
anything
about.
Then
one
whale
swam
in
the
direction,
directly
towards
land.
It
came
in
with
the
waves,
and
when
the
waves
receded.
Its
huge
body
on
the
sand.
Suddenly,
Jake
and
his
family
and
all
the
others
were
no
longer
sightseers.
They
had
to
become
rescuers.
A
few
people
ran
towards
the
animal.
They
pushed
and
tried
to
force
the
whale
back
into
the
water,
but
it
was
no
use.
An
animal
rescue
service
team
soon
arrived
in
a
truck
with
heavy
lifting
machinery,
to
help
move
the
animal.
Jack
and
his
family
couldn’t
do
much
on
the
beach,
so
they
went
back
to
their
house
and
made
sandwiches
and
hot
tea
for
the
rescuers.
At
least,
Jake
thought,
they
could
help
in
some
way.
Back
at
the
beach,
they
offered
the
food
to
the
rescuers
and
were
happy
to
see
that
it
was
needed.
It
was
getting
dark.
Some
people
lined
up
their
cars
along
the
beach
and
shined
the
headlights
on
the
sand.
The
rescuers
would
not
give
up.
After
trying
many
times
they
were
finally
able
to
lift
the
whale
into
the
water.
Everyone
cheered
when
it
headed
out
to
sea.
It
swam
out
about
a
mile
and
then
disappeared
for
a
moment
under
the
sea.
Then,
in
what
looked
like
a
jump
of
joy,
it
rose
high
above
the
water—a
thank-you
to
those
who
had
worked
so
hard
to
save
his
life.
1.
What
does
the
picture
on
Jake’s
wall
tell
us
about
him?
A.
He
lived
near
the
ocean.
B.
He
cared
about
the
environment.
C.
He
worked
as
an
animal
rescuer.
D.
He
thought
whales
were
the
most
beautiful
animals.
2.
Why
did
the
local
people
go
down
to
the
beach
that
morning?
A.
To
swim
with
the
whales
B.
To
help
rescue
the
whales.
C.
To
see
the
whales
swimming.
D.
To
watch
a
movie
about
whales.
3.
The
underlined
word
“receded”
in
Paragraph
3
means
.
A.
didn't
move
B.
went
back
out
C.
washed
over
D.
got
up
4.
How
did
Jake
and
his
family
help
save
the
whale?
A.
By
calling
the
rescue
service.
B.
By
asking
their
neighbors
for
help.
C.
By
giving
the
rescuers
food
and
drink.
D.
By
controlling
the
people
on
the
beach.
5.
In
what
order
did
the
events
of
the
whale
rescue
take
place?
a.
The
whale
disappeared
under
the
sea.
b.
People
turned
on
the
lights
of
their
cars.
c.
Rescuers
lifted
the
whale
into
the
water.
d.
People
pushed
the
whale
towards
the
sea.
e.A
group
of
the
animals
were
swimming
close
to
the
beach
in
Jake’s
hometown.
A.
e-d-b-c-a
B.
e-b-c-d-a
C.
d-b-e-a-c
D.
a-e-b-d-c
要点回顾
温故知新：
课后巩固
巩固本节课知识点，复习讲义
预习思考
预习第一单元后半部分的重点词汇以及短语和句型。教师辅导教案
学员编号：
年
级：
初二
课
时
数：
学员姓名：
辅导科目：英语
学科教师：
课程主题：
8B
Unit1同步知识梳理（上）
授课时间：
学习目标
1．掌握本单元出现的一些重点词汇和重要句型，并能灵活运用。
2．掌握现在完成时的基本用法。
教学内容
进门测试建议5min
1．--
Will
you
go
and
see
the
movie
Net
Mother
with
me?
--
Thank
you.
But
I
_____it
already.
A.
saw
B.
have
seen
C.
see
D.
will
see
【答案】B
【分析】根据But
I
_____it
already可知我已经看过了，根据标志词already，可知应该用现在完成时态，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。现在完成时态的构成：助动词have/has+过去分词，故选：B。
2．My
son
____________
up
yet
because
he
_____________
to
bed
very
late
last
night.
A.
hasn’t
got;
has
gone
B.
didn’t
get;
went
C.
doesn’t
get;
went
D.
hasn’t
got;
went
【答案】D
【分析】前后句中有很明显的时间状语yet和last...，分别用现在完成时和一般过去时。句意：我儿子还没有起床因为昨天晚上他睡得很迟。
3．Water__________
（污染）is
one
of
the
most
serious
problems
we
are
facing
now.
【答案】pollution
4．I
didn't__________
（意识到）what
happened
until
he
told
me
about
it.
【答案】realize
5．You
can't
let
your
past
affect（影响）your
__________
（现在）．
【答案】present
多元导学：建议10min
互动精讲：建议70min
一、重点词汇
【知识梳理】
1．It
has
become
impossible
for
us
to
see
each
other
as
often
as
before.(P9)对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。
（1）此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式
to
see
each
other.
常用句型：It
is
+adj+
for
sb
to
do
sth.
对某人来说做某事是怎样的。
【辨析】It
is
dangerous
for
us
to
go
out
alone
at
night.
（2）as...as...和......一样
not
as/
so...as...不如
【典例分析】他和Tom
一样高。
标注：He
is
as
tall
as
Tom.
2．Now
the
river
is
much
cleaner.
(P9)现在河流干净了很多。
此处的much
用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：
【典例分析】--How
do
you
feel
today?
--Even
worse.
标注：much;
still;
even;
far;
a
little;
a
bit;
a
lot;
3．Later
the
government
realized
the
problem
and
took
action
to
improve
the
situation.(P9)后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。
（1）realize
v.
意识到；实现=
【典例分析】My
dream
comes
true.=I
realize
my
dream.
（2）improve
v.
提高；改善；改进
n.
提高，改进；
【搭配】improve
living
standard
提高生活水平;
improve
your
English
改善你的英语；
【典例分析】Do
you
know
how
to
improve
your
memory?
标注：come
true
improvement
4．There
was
once
a
steel
factory
near
the
Sunshine
River.(P9)
阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。
once:
adv.曾经
=used
to
【辨析】There
was
once
a
shopping
centre
here.=There
used
to
be
a
shopping
centre
here.
n.一次，一回;
=
one
time
两次
三次
【典例分析】
1.
I
am
used
to
doing
exercise
once
a
week.(划线部分提问）
2.
I
am
used
to
doing
exercise
once
a
week.(划线部分提问）
标注：twice，three
times
Keys:
1.How
many
times
are
you
used
to
doing
exercise
a
week?
2.how
often
are
you
used
to
doing
exercise?
5．When
I
got
married
in
1965,
my
wife
and
I
moved
two
blocks
away
and
we’ve
lived
in
this
area
since
then.(P8)当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。
（1）marry:
vt.&
vi.（使）结婚;
娶;
嫁;
结合;
marry
sb
marry
A
to
B
adj.
已婚的;
短语：A
and
B
get
married
/A
get(s)
married
to
B
n.
婚姻
【典例分析】Some
young
couples
got
married
on
that
day.
标注：
marry
sb
与某人结婚
marry
A
to
B
把A嫁给B
married
adj
marriage
n
（2）move:
vt.&
vi.移动，搬动;
使感动
【搭配】move
away
move
into
move
out
of
【典例分析】Every
year
millions
of
people
moved
into
the
city
while
millions
of
people
moved
away.
标注：move
away
搬走
move
into
搬进
move
out
of
搬出...
6．I
first
lived
in
the
northern
part
of
the
town
with
my
parents.(P8)
北南西东东南东北西南西北adj.northernsouthenwesterneasternn
.northsouthwesteast
【典例分析】Beijing
is
in
the
northern
part
of
China.
批注：注意in
the
north与
in
the
northern
part
of
的同义句转换。例如：
Beijing
is
in
the
north
of
China.=Beijing
is
in
the
northern
part
of
China.
标注：
北南西东东南东北西南西北adj.northernsouthenwesterneasternsoutheasternnorthwesternnorthwesternnorthwesternn
.northsouthwesteastsoutheastnorthwestnorthwestnorthwest
5.
Now
I
feel
a
bit
lonely
from
time
to
time.现在我时常感到有点儿寂寞。
探究点一：a
bit意为“_______”。
[指点迷津]
(1)a
bit意为“一点儿；有一点儿”，可以修饰形容词或副词的原级和比较级，相当于a
little。
I
am
a
bit
hungry.＝I
am
a
little
hungry.我有一点儿饿。
He
is
a
bit
taller
than
I．＝He
is
a
little
taller
than
I.他比我高一点儿。
Tom
runs
a
bit
faster
than
Sam.
＝Tom
runs
a
little
faster
than
Sam.汤姆跑得比萨姆快一点儿。
(2)a
bit
of
后面可以跟不可数名词，相当于a
little后面跟不可数名词。
There
is
a
bit
of
tea
in
the
cup.＝There
is
a
little
tea
in
the
cup.杯子里有一点儿茶。
【例题精讲】
(
)1.
It
Is
_______hotter
today
than
yesterday.
A.
a
bit
of
B.
a
bit
C.
little
D.
a
little
of
2.
Will?you?please?turn?down?the?radio?_____________?
3.
I’ve?got?only_______________money?with?me?today.?I’m?afraid?I?can’t?help?you.
【答案】
B
2.a
little/a
bit
3.a
little/a
bit
of
探究点二：lonely与alone有何区别？
[指点迷津]
(1)alone可以作形容词，但是只作表语，不作定语。
He
was
alone
in
the
house．他独自一人在家。
[注意]
alone也可以作副词，意为“独自”。
He
came
alone.他是独自一人来的。
(2)lonely既可以作定语，也可以作袁语。作表语是“寂寞、孤立”的意思，一般指人孤独寂寞；作定语指地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的感彩。
She
often
feels
lonely
because
she
lives
alone.
她经常感到孤独，因为她独自一人生活。
This
is
a
lonely
place.这是一个荒无人烟的地方。
(
)(2013．绥化)Though
he
is_______
at
home，he
doesn't
feel_______
for
he
has
many
things
to
do.
A.
alone;
lonely
B.
lonely;
alone
C.
alone;
alone
答案：A
探究点三：from
time
to
time的意思是“_______”。
[指点迷津]
from
time
to
time意为“不时，有时，偶尔”
关于time的词组
from
time
to
time=sometimes=at
times
时不时地；偶尔on
time
准时in
time
及时sometime
某个时候
1
will
see
you
from
time
to
time.我会时常去看望你们。
【例题精讲】
例1．The__________
（采访）lasted
about
four
hours
and
made
all
the
people
very
tired.
【答案】interview
例2．Danny
and
Daniel
are
brothers,
and
their
__________
(妻子)
are
sisters
【答案】wives
【分析】本题考查单词拼写，由句中的sister可知应填复数形式。以f/fe结尾的名词变复数时，要把f/fe变成v再加es。
例3．Sally
became
a
member
of
the
company
after
the
job__________
（面试）．
【答案】interview
【分析】本题考查单词拼写。本题难点在于有些学生只知道interview有“采访”的意思，不知道还有“面试”的意思。
例4．Jack
and
Lucy
have
been
m__________
for
nearly
one
year
【答案】married
【分析】本题考查单词拼写，根据句意不难看出应该填写的是“已婚的”married。
例5．Guo
Chuan
is
the
first
Chinese
________(realize)
the
dream
of
sailing
around
the
world.
【答案】to
realize
【分析】本题考查动词形式。题目中包含了一个固定结构be
the
+
序数词
+
to
do，因此本题的答案是to
realize。
例6．The
smoke
from
local
factories
has
p__________
the
air.
【答案】polluted
【分析】本题考查单词拼写，但要注意使用过去分词形式。
例7．Many
birds
fly
back
to
__________
(north)
countries
when
warm
weather
comes.
【答案】northern
【分析】句意：当温暖的天气到来的时候，很多鸟都飞回了北国。空格后有名词countries，因此前面要用形容词形式。
例8．To
have
a
cleaner
sky,
the
government
plans
to
move
all
the
________(
factory)
out
of
the
city.
【答案】factories
【分析】句意：为了拥有一个更加干净的填空，政府计划把所有的工厂都从城市中搬出去。由句中的all可知，应该用名词的复数形式。
例9．Mr
Black
has
been
in
China
for
three
years
and
now
he
is
used
to
______
(eat)
Chinese
food.
【答案】eating
【分析】本题考查动词形式，sb
be
used
to
doing表示“某人习惯于做某事”。
例10．Isn’t
it
strange
that
the
cat
is
used
to
_______(lie)
beside
the
dog
peacefully
【答案】lying
【分析】本题考查动词形式，sb
be
used
to
doing表示“某人习惯于做某事”；同时要注意，以ie结尾的动词，要把ie变成y再加ing。
例11．I
had
to
throw
away
all
the
food
after
I
left
the
fridge
open.
What
a
__________
(浪费）!
【答案】waste
【分析】本题考查词汇拼写，但是学生可能不知道waste有“浪费”的意思，教师需要把waste做名词和做动词的含义都给学生讲解清楚。
例12．What
do
you
think
about
the
air
__________
(pollute)
in
your
hometown?
【答案】pollution
【分析】句意：你认为你家乡的空气污染怎么样？Pollution是不可数名词，不需要进行变形。
【巩固练习】
1．Many
people
do
not
realize
the
importance
of
health
______
they
have
fallen.
A.
until
B.
while
C.
when
D.
after
【答案】A
【分析】本题考查连词的选择，题干中有not，首先把until带入看是否能翻译为“直到……才……”。本句的句意为：很多人直到失去了才意识到健康的重要性。
2．The
old
man
lives
_______,but
he
does
not
feel________.
A.
alone;
alone
B.
lonely;
lonely
C.
lonely;
alone
D.
alone;
lonely
【答案】D
【分析】本题考查alone和lonely的区别。alone意思是“独自，一个人”，既可以做形容词也可以做副词，做副词时同意表达是on
one’s
own或by
oneself；lonely意思是“孤独的，寂寞的；偏僻的”，只能做形容词。
3．He
_______
dinner
at
restaurants
last
year,
but
now
he
usually
comes
back
home
after
work
and
cooks
supper
for
his
family.
A.
used
to
have
B.
is
used
to
have
C.
was
used
to
have
D.
is
used
to
having
【答案】A
【分析】本题考查used
to
do
/
be与be
used
to
sth.
/
doing
sth.的用法。根据句中的but
now可知，前半句表述的是过去的事情，因此用used
to
do结构。
4．The
Greens
used
to
live
in
London
and
now
they
_________
in
Beijing.
A.
used
to
live
B.
are
used
to
live
C.
are
used
to
living
D.
are
used
for
living
【答案】C
【分析】本题考查used
to
do
/
be与be
used
to
sth.
/
doing
sth.的用法。根据句意可知，格林一家过去住在伦敦，现在他们习惯了住在北京，所以本题选择C。
5．--I
have
______
finished
my
homework,
what
about
you?
--
I
finished
it
______.
A.
just;
just
B.
just
now;
just
now
C.
just;
just
now
D.
just
now;
just
【答案】C
【分析】本题考查just与just
now的区别，just“刚刚”，用于句中，句子使用现在完成时；just
now“刚才”，用于句末，句子使用一般过去时。因此本题选C。
6．Mr.
Green
has
worked
in
Zhenjiang
since
his
family
________
to
China
years
ago.
A.
has
moved
B.
moves
C.
moved
D.
move
【答案】C
【分析】since意思是“自从……”，是现在完成时的标志词。但是，since后面的从句要用一般过去时。
7．Don’t
you
think
that
the
river
is
________now?
A.
much
cleaner
B.
very
cleaner
C.
much
clean
D.
cleanest
【答案】A
【分析】句意：难道你不觉得这条河现在干净多了吗？much后面要用比较级，意思是“……多了”。
8．---I
have
bought
a
Chinese
–
English
dictionary.
--
When
and
where_____
you
_____
it?
A.
have,
bought
B.
did,
buy
C.
will,
buy
D.
do,
buy
【答案】B
【分析】when一般不和完成时连用，且句意中体现不出buy这个动作对现在造成了一定的影响，因此只需要用一般过去时就可以了。
二、语法和句型
【知识梳理】
Present
perfect
tense
(现在完成时)项目内容备注概念◇表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。
Eddie
has
eaten
my
food.
(Eddie
ate
the
food
and
now
Hobo
has
nothing
to
eat.)◇表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。Eddie
has
lived
with
Mille
since
he
was
born.Eddie
has
lived
with
Mille
for
four
years.构成助动词has/have
+动词的过去分词动词过去分词规则变化跟对应的过去式一样，在后面加ed.特殊变化详见书本。（P122-123）肯定形式They
have
finished
their
homework.He
has
finished
his
homework.缩略形式：they
have=they’ve;he
has=he’s否定形式They
haven’t
finished
their
homework.He
hasn’t
finished
his
homework.疑问形式Have
they
finished
their
homework?Yes,
they
have.
/
No,
they
haven’t.关键词
already(用于肯定句),
yet(用于否定句和疑问句),
since+一点时间,
for+一段时间,never,
ever,
three
times(其它表示频率的词,
once,
twice等)before,
recently,
in
the
past/last
few
years,
so
far,
this
month,
today,
now◇表示过去某一个动作的结果，现在情况依然存在。这时一般不用时间状语。I
have
lost
my
pen.◇包括现在时间在内的时间状语如today,
this
month,
this
week等有时也用现在完成时。
1．already与yet用法区别
already
用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。
yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般至于句末。
【典例分析】：
I
have
already
worked
out
this
math
problem?
(改为否定句)
I
worked
out
the
math
problem
.
解析：already与yet的转换.
Key
：
have
not;
yet
3．since
和for用法区别
(1)since的用法①since
后面加点时间，如since
nearly
three
years
ago或since2008.
②since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时.
(2)
for的用法：for后加一段时间。
since/for
可以通过ago进行同义句转换。
【典例分析】：
1.They
have
worked
in
the
factory
since
ten
months
ago.=
They
have
worked
in
the
factory
for
ten
years
2.We
have
learned
English
for
nearly
three
years.
=We
have
learned
English
since
three
years
ago.
3.I
have
had
a
cold
_______
last
Saturday,
I
have
had
a
cold
______
5
days.
I
have
had
a
cold
______
5
days
ago.
所以：______
5
days=
______
5
days
ago
Key
：since，for,
since,
for,
since
【典例分析】：
例1.(
)
I
haven’t
seen
you
_____
last
Friday.
A.
for
B.
since
C.
from
D.
on
解析：后面的last
Friday
是具体时间点，所以应该用since,选B
这里需要提醒学生虽然此题后面的last是一般过去时的时间标志，但是跟since连用之后要用现在完成时。
Key
：B
例2.(
)
Mr.
White
came
to
our
school
in
2008,
and
since
then
he
_____
us
English.
(2011盐城)
A.
teaches
B.
taught
C.
has
taught
D.
will
teach
解析：该题考查的是现在完成时标志性词since，since
then自那以后，缩略形式的时间状语从句，后面是主句，主句用现在完成时.
Key
：C
4．
动词的过去分词的用法
Regular
verbsIrregular
verbsBase
formPast
participleBase
formPast
participlevisitvisitedhithitrepairrepairedputputlivelivedmeetmetmovemovedmakemadetrytriedsellsoldstudystudiedgivegivenfitfittedwritewritten
规则动词的过去分词的构成
1.大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed；例如：
work→worked
listen→listened
jump→jumped
visit→visited
2.在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d；例如：
close→closed
like→liked
agree→agreed
move→moved
3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed；例如：
study→studied
carry→carried
try→tried
worry→worried
4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed；例如：
stop→stopped
drop→dropped
不规则动词的过去分词的构成
1.
有些动词的原形和过去分词相同；例如：
put→put
hurt→hurt
become→become
run→run
2.改变单词中间元音字母；例如：
sit→sat
win→won
hold→held
3.把单词结尾的字母d改为t；例如：
lend→lent
spend→spent
send→sent
4.以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept；例如：
keep→kept
sleep→slept
5.
过去分词以aught或ought结尾；例如：
teach→taught
buy→bought
6.以ay结尾的动词，把ay变成aid；例如：
say→said
pay→paid
7.在原形词尾加n或en；例如：
give→given
eat→eaten
还有些动词的过去分词是不规则的，需要特殊记忆
【例题精讲】
例1．_______
you
and
your
penfriend_______
(keep)
writing
to
each
other
for
many
years?
【答案】Have;
kept
例2．It's
the
third
time
you_______
(be)
late
for
school
this
week.
Please
come
to
school
early
next
time.
【答案】have
been
例3．How
many
times_______
the
teacher_______
(communicate)
with
the
parents
in
the
past
two
months?
【答案】has;
communicated
例4．I
__________(read)
this
magazine.
Will
you
please
show
me
another?
【答案】have
read
【分析】根据上下文意思，可知“我”已经看过这本杂志了，所以用现在完成时。
例5．There
_________
(not
be)
much
snow
here
in
the
past
three
years.
【答案】hasn’t
been
【分析】由句子末尾的in
the
past
three
years可知，本句应该使用现在完成时，且句中的主语是snow，为不可数名词，所以助动词用has。
例6．--
Is
your
father
at
home?
--
No,
I’m
afraid
he
____________(go)
out.
【答案】has
gone
【分析】本题也是语境题，根据句意可知，爸爸已经出去了，不在家。
例7．Miss
Lee________
(teach)
us
English
since
she
came
here
three
years
ago.
【答案】has
taught
【分析】由于句子后面有since...，是典型的与现在完成时连用的时间状语，因此是现在完成时，又因为主语是Miss
Lee，为第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。
例8．--Turn
off
the
radio,
dear.
Baby
is
sleeping.
--There
is
no
need.
He___________(wake)
up.
【答案】has
waken
【分析】本题没有时间状语，所以需要根据语境来判断动词的时态。由“There
is
no
need”可知孩子已经醒了，所以用现在完成时。
【巩固练习】
1．--
Kitty,
will
you
go
to
see
the
film
Cold
Mountain
this
evening?
--
No,
I
won’t.
I
________
it
already.
A.
see
B.
saw
C.
have
seen
D.
will
see
【答案】C
【分析】根据句中关键词already可知，此句用现在完成时；现在完成时的结构：have/has+过去分词，故选C。
2．Our
streets
and
villages
_________
much
cleaner
in
the
past
few
months．
A.
have
became
B.
have
become
C.
became
D.
will
become
【答案】B
【分析】根据in
the
past
few
months，可知在这里的意思是在过去的几个月里，这个时间短语一般用于现在完成时当中，所以句子所使用的时态应该是现在完成时。现在完成时的构成：have或has+动词的过去分词。故选B。
3．Kate
_______
to
dance
since
she
was
5.
So
she
dances
very
well.
A.
has
learned
B.
learns
C.
have
learned
D.
learned
【答案】A
【分析】根据since
she
was
5，可知在这里since意为“自从”，是现在完成时的标志。且此句的主语是Kate，为第三人称单数，现在完成时的构成：have或has+动词过去分词。因此用has
learned。故选A。
4．David
knows
much
about
the
city
because
he
_____
there
many
times．
A.
goes
B.
went
C.
has
gone
D.
has
been
【答案】D
【分析】根据many
times可知在这里已经去过好多次了，对现在造成的影响就是他对这个城市非常了解，所以这个句子所使用的时态应该是现在完成时，它的构成为：have或has+动词过去分词，he是第三人称单数，所以应该用has，表示已经去过某地应该用be动词。故选D。
5．--
_______
you
ever
________
to
Xinjiang?
--
Yes,
I_________
there
last
year.
A.
Have
gone,
went
B.
Have
been,
have
been
C.
Have
been,
went
D.
Have
gone,
have
gone
【答案】C
【分析】根据ever可知，第一空要用现在完成时态，现在完成时态的结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，been
to“去而归”和
gone
to“去而未归”，此处表达说话人在说话的地方，说明“去过”；又根据表示过去的时间状语last
year得知，第二空应该用一般过去时态。故选C。
6．Mr.Fan
___
this
watch
in
2006.
He
____
it
for
10
years.
A.
bought,
has
had
B.
bought,
has
C.
has
bought,
has
had
D.
has
bought,
had
【答案】A
【分析】in
2005是过去的时间，故应用一般过去时，buy的过去式为bought．for
6
years是for加时间段，一般用于现在完成时（have/has+动词过去分词），在现在完成时中要用延续性动词have（had）。故选A。
7．He’s
never
been
late
for
work,
_______
_______?
A.
has
he
B.
hasn’t
he
C.
is,
he
D.
isn’t
he
【答案】A
【分析】本题考查反义疑问句。首先，陈述句部分有否定含义的副词never，所以是“前否”，那么疑问句部分就遵循“后肯”，排除B、D两个选项；其次，要判断’s是is还是has，由句中的过去分词been可知此处是has，故选A。
课堂检测：建议15min
课后巩固
1．The
two
girls__________
(teach)
English
for
about
two
years.
【答案】have
taught
2．
My
__________
(丈夫)is
a
kind
person.
【答案】husband
3．They
are
planning
to
build
a
few
new__________
(工厂)in
the
country.
【答案】factories
4．Bai
Yansong
had
an__________
（采访）with
the
famous
scientist
last
week.
【答案】interview
5．Their__________
（妻子）are
standing
there
and
chatting
with
each
other.
【答案】wives
6．Things
__________
(
change
)
a
lot
in
the
past
years.
【答案】have
changed
7．What
do
you
think
about
the
air
__________
(pollute)
in
your
hometown?
【答案】pollution
8．We
should
do
our
best
to
protect
the
__________
(环境).
【答案】environment
9．─Have
you
been
to
Hong
Kong
__________
(recent)?
─No,
I
haven't
【答案】recently
10．Please
write
down
these
soldiers'
__________
(wife)
names
in
the
form.
【答案】wives'
11．
(A)
“Save
the
whales!”
That’s
what
the
picture
on
Jake
Smith’s
bedroom
wall
said.
Jake
liked
having
a
picture
that
said
something
important:
that
showed
he
cared.
He
just
never
expected
to
get
a
chance
to
save
a
real
whale,
one
right
in
his
own
neighborhood.
It
was
a
Saturday
morning
when
the
newspaper
first
reported
the
whales’
coming.
A
group
of
the
animals
were
swimming
close
to
the
beach
in
Jake’s
hometown.
All
the
local
people
rushed
out
to
the
beach
to
see
them.
They
were
expecting
a
beautiful
show,
better
than
a
movie,
but
nothing
they’d
have
to
do
anything
about.
Then
one
whale
swam
in
the
direction,
directly
towards
land.
It
came
in
with
the
waves,
and
when
the
waves
receded.
Its
huge
body
on
the
sand.
Suddenly,
Jake
and
his
family
and
all
the
others
were
no
longer
sightseers.
They
had
to
become
rescuers.
A
few
people
ran
towards
the
animal.
They
pushed
and
tried
to
force
the
whale
back
into
the
water,
but
it
was
no
use.
An
animal
rescue
service
team
soon
arrived
in
a
truck
with
heavy
lifting
machinery,
to
help
move
the
animal.
Jack
and
his
family
couldn’t
do
much
on
the
beach,
so
they
went
back
to
their
house
and
made
sandwiches
and
hot
tea
for
the
rescuers.
At
least,
Jake
thought,
they
could
help
in
some
way.
Back
at
the
beach,
they
offered
the
food
to
the
rescuers
and
were
happy
to
see
that
it
was
needed.
It
was
getting
dark.
Some
people
lined
up
their
cars
along
the
beach
and
shined
the
headlights
on
the
sand.
The
rescuers
would
not
give
up.
After
trying
many
times
they
were
finally
able
to
lift
the
whale
into
the
water.
Everyone
cheered
when
it
headed
out
to
sea.
It
swam
out
about
a
mile
and
then
disappeared
for
a
moment
under
the
sea.
Then,
in
what
looked
like
a
jump
of
joy,
it
rose
high
above
the
water—a
thank-you
to
those
who
had
worked
so
hard
to
save
his
life.
1.
What
does
the
picture
on
Jake’s
wall
tell
us
about
him?
A.
He
lived
near
the
ocean.
B.
He
cared
about
the
environment.
C.
He
worked
as
an
animal
rescuer.
D.
He
thought
whales
were
the
most
beautiful
animals.
2.
Why
did
the
local
people
go
down
to
the
beach
that
morning?
A.
To
swim
with
the
whales
B.
To
help
rescue
the
whales.
C.
To
see
the
whales
swimming.
D.
To
watch
a
movie
about
whales.
3.
The
underlined
word
“receded”
in
Paragraph
3
means
.
A.
didn't
move
B.
went
back
out
C.
washed
over
D.
got
up
4.
How
did
Jake
and
his
family
help
save
the
whale?
A.
By
calling
the
rescue
service.
B.
By
asking
their
neighbors
for
help.
C.
By
giving
the
rescuers
food
and
drink.
D.
By
controlling
the
people
on
the
beach.
5.
In
what
order
did
the
events
of
the
whale
rescue
take
place?
a.
The
whale
disappeared
under
the
sea.
b.
People
turned
on
the
lights
of
their
cars.
c.
Rescuers
lifted
the
whale
into
the
water.
d.
People
pushed
the
whale
towards
the
sea.
e.A
group
of
the
animals
were
swimming
close
to
the
beach
in
Jake’s
hometown.
e-d-b-c-a
B.
e-b-c-d-a
C.
d-b-e-a-c
D.
a-e-b-d-c
【答案】1.
B
2.
C
3.
B
4.
C
5.
A
【分析】本文是篇记叙文，主要讲述了人们齐心协力帮助一头鲸鱼重回大海的故事。
1..
B细节理解题。根据Jake
liked
having
a
picture
that
said
something
important:
that
showed
he
cared.可知，
要点回顾：
温故知新：
课后巩固
巩固本节课知识点，复习讲义
预习思考
预习第一单元后半部分的重点词汇以及短语和句型。
