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专题2 说明文型语法填空
专题导读
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。其语言特点有：
1．多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释。
2．采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。
分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时，首先确定句子的主谓宾成分，看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词，然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他成分。此时，要借助上下文的暗示或明示，确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能等。
典例导练
The air we breathe is freely available, without which we could not survive more than a few minutes.For the most part, air is available to everyone, and everyone __1__ (need) it.Some people use the air to sustain them while __2__(seat) around and feel sorry for themselves.__3__ breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make__4__ magnificent life.Opportunity is__5__ the same way; it is everywhere.It is__6__freely available that we take it for granted.Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success, it must__7__ (seize) and acted upon in order to have value.So many people are so anxious to “get in” on a
“ground floor opportunity”， as if the opportunity will do all the work that’s __8__(possible)．Just as you need air to breathe, you need opportunity to succeed.It takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity, __9__.You must make use of it.That's not up to the opportunity, that’s up to you.It doesn’t matter what “floor” the opportunity is on, but __10__ matters is what you do with it.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
【解析】1．needs 考查主谓一致，由全文时态可知用一般现在时， everyone后用第三人称单数。
2．seated 过去分词作伴随状语， 相当于“while they are seated”。
3．Others 句型：some...others...
4．a 表示“一种奇妙的生活”，是泛指，故用不定冠词a。
5．in in the way是固定搭配。
6．so 句型：so...that...
7．be seized 依据上下文的理解， 可知句意表示“有机遇必须抓住， 你才能成功”。
8．impossible 依据上下文和构词法， 此处应为“不可能的”， 故用“impossible”。
9．however/though 插入语， 意为“然而”。
10．what 引导主语从句且在句中作主语，故用what。
新题预测
(一)
Two seeds lay side by side in the fertile spring soil.
The first seed said, “I want to grow! I want to send my roots deep into the soil __1__ me, and thrust my sprouts (芽) __2__ the earth’s crust above me.I want to open my tender buds(蓓蕾) like banners to announce the __3__ (arrive) of spring.I want to feel the warmth of the sun on my face and the blessing of the morning dew(露水) on my petals(花瓣)！”
And so she grew.The second seed said, “I am afraid.If I send my roots into the ground below, I don’t know what I __4__(come) across in the dark.If I push my way through
the hard soil above me, I may damage my delicate sprouts. What if I let my buds open and a snail (蜗牛) tries __5__(eat) them And __6__ I were to open my blossoms, __7__ small child may pull me from the ground.No, it is much __8__ (good) for me to wait __9__it is safe.”And so she waited. A yard hen scratching around in the early spring ground for food found the waiting seed and immediately ate __10__.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
【解析】两颗种子的故事，告诉我们惧怕冒险和成长，最终要被生活吞没。
1．beneath 介词，意为“在……之下”与下文的above相对。
2．through 介词，意为“穿过”。
3．arrival 在冠词后用名词。
4．will come 对未来的预测，句意为：我不知道在黑暗之中将会遇到什么。
5．to eat 因try表示“试图做某事”，后接不定式。
6．if if引导虚拟条件句。
7．a 表示泛指的“某一个”小孩，故用不定冠词a。
8．better 隐性比较级，即“等”比“长”好得多。句中much也提示我们要用比较级，因为much常用来修饰比较级，表示“……得多”。
9．until 意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句。
10．it it指代前文中的the waiting seed。
(二)
What would you do if you failed Many people may choose to give up.__1__ , the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick __2__ your goal.On your way to success, you __3__ keep your direction.It is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and __4__ (help) you overcome obstacles on your way.__5__ , you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead.
Direction means objectives.You can get nowhere __6__ an objective in life.
You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve __7__.Only in this way __8__ you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time __9__(proper)．And you should also have a belief __10__ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
【解析】本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。
1．However 与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有标点， 用副词however。
2．to stick to意为“坚持”。
3．must 由语境不难揣摸出作者的语气，句意为：在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。
4．helping 与guiding并列，一起补充说明a lamp，故用现在分词。
5．Otherwise 由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填表示“否则”的otherwise。
6．without 句意：人生如果没有目标，你将一事无成。
7．it it指代your objective。
8．will/can 句意：只有这样，你才会知道……
9．properly 修饰动词spend作状语用副词。
10．that 引导同位语从句，从句中不缺句子成分，且意义完整，故填that。
(三)
It happened that a dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying __1__ home in his mouth.Now, __2__ his way home he had to cross a plank lying __3__a running brook.__4__ he crossed, he looked __5__ and saw his own shadow __6__ (reflect) in the water beneath.
Thinking it was __7__ dog with another piece of meat, he made up his mind to have that also.So he made a snap at __8__ shadow in the water, __9__ as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out, __10__(drop) into the water and was never seen more.
Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
【解析】这则狗和影子的故事，告诫我们：切莫因追逐幻影而丢失已有的东西。
1．it 指代a piece of meat，故用it。
2．on 表示“在某人回家的路上”用on one’s way home。
3．across 表示“横过”河流或道路等细长的东西或操场等一个平面的东西，用介词across。
4．As/When 表示“当……时候”。
5．down 因“向下看”才能看到水中的影子，故用down。
6．reflected 因shadow与reflect是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。
7．another 指它以为是“另一条狗”。
8．the 特指水中的“那个”影子，故用定冠词the。
9．but 前后是转折关系。
10．dropped 与opened, was seen是并列关系，三个先后发生的动作应当用同一时态，故drop也用一般过去时，故填dropped。
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专题1 记叙文型语法填空
专题导读
记叙文体裁主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章，是常见的文体。在语法填空篇章中，其语言特点有：
1．以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态，使文章所叙述的动作具有层次感和立体感。
2．广泛使用动态动词。这些动词的存在会使文章充满“动感”，而这种让往事历历在目的“动感”正是优秀的记叙文所要追求的效果。
真题典例
[2011·广东卷] One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment__1__ (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me__2__ the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man__3__ (sit) at the front. He__4__ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be__5__ (mental) disabled.
Behind him were other people to__6__he was trying to talk, but after some minutes__7__ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.
I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him__8__ his own either.
After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had__9__ amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.
I’m glad I made the choice. It made__10__ of us feel good.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”的一次坐车经历：在公交车上遇到一个好像是弱智的人，其他人都躲开了，而“我”走近了他，和他聊起来，一路上“我”俩都很高兴。
1．later 考查副词的用法。我离开得较早因为那天晚些时候我有个约会。
2．till/until 考查状语从句的连接词。我的朋友一直陪我直到公共汽车来。
3．sitting/sit 考查动词的用法。notice sb doing/do sth.意为“注意到某人正在做某事/做了某事”。
4．was pretending 考查动词的时态。由giving it a voice可知用过去进行时。
5．mentally 考查副词的用法。此处disabled是形容词，用副词修饰。
6．whom 考查定语从句的关系词。此处he was trying to talk to 是定语从句，people是先行词，whom作介词to的宾语。
7．they 考查代词的用法。他们走开然后坐在我的旁边。
8．on 考查词组的用法。此处考查词组on one’s own (＝alone)。
9．an 考查冠词的用法。amazing是以元音音素开头，故用an。
10．both 考查代词的用法。由上文 We had … amazing conversation可知“我们俩”都很高兴。
新题预测
Eleven year old Angela was stricken with a disease involving her nervous system. The doctors did not hold out much hope of her ever recovering __1__ this illness.They predicted she’d spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair. __2__ Angela firmly believed that she was definitely going to be walking again someday.The doctors were charmed by her __3__ (defeatable) spirit.They taught her about imaging—about seeing herself __4__ (walk)．Angela would work as hard as possible in physical therapy(理疗), lying there faithfully doing her imaging, visualizing herself moving, moving, moving!
One day, __5__ she was straining with all her might to imagine her legs moving again, __6__ seemed as though a miracle happened: the bed moved! She screamed out, “Look what I __7__ (do)! Look! Look! I can do it! I moved, I moved！” Of course, __8__ this very moment everyone __9__ in the hospital was screaming, too.It was the San Francisco earthquake.But don’t tell __10__ to Angela.She’s convinced that she did it.And now only a few years later, she’s back in school.On her own two legs.No walking sticks, no wheelchair.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
【解析】靠轮椅行走的安吉拉，连医生对她的康复都不抱希望，但她始终没有放弃，一次地震让她觉得是她自己的脚动了，并对此坚信不疑，几年后她真的靠自己的双脚重新走进了学校。
1．from recover from an illness意为“从疾病中恢复过来”。
2．But 与前句是转折关系。
3．undefeatable 在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由语境可知，此处应表示“不败的”，故填undefeatable。句意：医生为她永不言败的精神所折服。
4．walking see sb doing“看见某人在做某事”。
5．as as表示“正当……时”。
6．it 句式搭配：it seems as if/as though...仿佛是……
7．am doing 句意：看，我在做什么！
8．at at this very moment意为“此刻”。
9．else 用于复合不定代词或疑问词后，表示“其他的”，用else。
10．that/it 替代前文说的地震这回事。
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专题3 议论文型语法填空
专题导读
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观地解释事物，而且还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。
议论文有自己的语言特点，了解了文章整体意思后，要通过字里行间的意思推断作者的观点、意图和立场(同意什么，反对什么，喜好什么，憎恶什么，主张什么等)，这种理解直接决定你的填词。要仔细复读全文，关注自己所填的词语是否符合原意，从语意连贯、逻辑合理的角度，认真复查答案的合理性和正确性。
典例导练
【2011·湖南卷改编】Does going to college really pay off？Certainly!
I remember taking __1__ English class in college on the short story.Our first assignment was to read __2__ short stories and then discuss which one was better.After __3__(read)both，I wasn’t sure.Over the __4__ several months, my professor taught me __5__ one story was so much better than the other.__6__ was rich in metaphor(隐喻)and character development, __7__ the other was humorous __8__ too shallow.I couldn’t see this at first.Yet,
in a few months, my brain got reeducated and __9__ could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.
Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads __10__ greater success in one’s life.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
【解析】 1．an 考查冠词。class此处为可数名词单数形式，其前须用冠词。再根据此处表泛指，而English是以元音音素开头，故填an。
2．two 考查数词。根据本句中“which one was better”以及下文“After … both”中both的提示可推断此处表示“两个短篇故事”，故填two。
3．reading 考查动名词。after 是介词，括号中所给词是动词，故只能填动名词reading。
4．next 考查形容词。根据该空修饰名词months，应填形容词，再由语境可知，此处表示“在接下来的几个月”，故填next。
5．why 考查名词性从句引导词。根据上文“discuss which one was better”可推断，教授是给我们讲解为什么其中一个故事要比另一个故事好，故填why。
6．One 考查不定代词。由语境可知，故事有两个，再根据习惯搭配“one...the other...”可推断填One。
7．while 考查并列连词，while表示前后对比的意思。
8．but 考查连词。根据“humorous”和“too shallow”在逻辑上的转折关系可推断，此处填连词but连接两个形容词。
9．I 考查人称代词。根据该空在句中作主语可判断应填名词或代词。结合语境可知该空应指作者本人，故填I。
10．to 考查介词。lead to为固定搭配，意为“导致”。
新题预测
(一)
The following words were written on the tomb of an Anglican Bishop(主教) in the Crypts of Westminster Abbey(西敏寺):
When I was young and free and my__1__(imagine) had no limits, I dreamed of changing the world.__2__ I grew older and wiser, I discovered the world would not change, so I __3__ (short) my sights somewhat and decided to change only my country. But __4__， too, seemed immovable.
As I grew __5__ my twilight years (晚年), in one last desperate attempt, I settled for changing only my family，those __6__(close) to me, __7__alas, they would have __8__ of it.And now as I lie on my deathbed, I suddenly realize: If I had only changed myself first, then by example I __9__ (change) my family.
From their inspiration and encouragement, I would then have been able __10__(better) my country and, who knows, I may have even changed the world.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
【解析】改变世界从改变自己开始，因为在我们改变自己的同时也潜移默化地影响着家庭。在他们的鼓舞和激励下，我们可能会使我们的国家变得更美好，从某种角度来看，也正改变着世界。
1．imagination 在形容词性物主代词后要用名词形式。
2．As 表示“随着”，要用as引导时间状语从句。
3．shortened 作谓语要用动词，由上下文可知，要用一般过去时。
4．it 替代前文中的to change only my country。
5．into 表示“长成”用grow into。
6．closest “家人”是“最亲近的人”。
7．but 前后是转折关系。
8．none have none of (＝refuse to accept)意为“不接受，不理睬”。
9．would have changed 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
10．to better 固定搭配：be able to do。
(二)
Lao Tzu was traveling with his followers.They came to a forest __1__ hundreds of woodcutters were cutting the trees.__2__ whole forest had been cut except for one big tree __3__ thousands of branches.It was so big __4__ 10,000 persons could sit in its shade.
Lao Tzu told his followers __5__ (go) and ask why this tree had not been cut.They went and asked the woodcutters and they said, “This tree is absolutely __6__(use)．You cannot make anything out of it because every branch has so many knots in it—nothing is straight.You cannot use it as fuel because the smoke is
dangerous __7__ the eyes.This tree is absolutely useless, and that’s __8__ we haven’t cut it.” The followers came back and told Lao Tzu.He laughed and said, “Be like this tree.If you are useful you will be cut and you will become furniture in somebody’s house.If you are beautiful you __9__ (sell) in the market.Be like this tree, and you will grow big and vast and thousands of people will find shade under __10__ .”
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
【解析】老子与门徒来到森林边，林木被伐尽，只有一棵树因“无用”而幸存下来，长成参天大树。
1．where 引导定语从句，where在句中作地点状语。
2．The 特指整个森林，用定冠词。
3．with 介词短语作后置定语，with意为“带有，具有”。
4．that 引导结果状语从句，so...that...意为“如此……以致……”。
5．to go tell sb.to do sth.意为“叫某人做某事”。
6．useless 根据下文可知，此树无用才没被砍伐，所以填形容词useless。
7．to be dangerous to意为“对……有危险”。
8．why 引导表语从句，意为“……的原因”。
9．will be sold
10．you
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第2模块 语法填空
考纲解读
语法填空是广东省自行设计的一种新题型， 具有一定的创新意义。主要的创新在于：在语篇层面上考查语言知识， 符合新课标倡导的语言学习理念；试题设计采用了填空方式， 而不是单项选择， 真正激活了学生的语言知识及应用能力， 对中学英语教学有较好的反拨作用；考试内容不仅涉及句子的语法结构， 还包括构词法、篇章连贯和意义对句子结构的制约作用(比如：代词的指称涉及篇章的连贯等), 符合语言真实性的要求， 让学生在更加真实的语境中应用自己的语言知识。
主要考查的知识点：一是语法，二是上下文的连贯性，而且语法是重点。它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握和逻辑推理能力等。其命题特点如下：
1. 短文长度。在150—200词，其中2009年高考题是220词，2010年高考题是182词，2011年高考题是215词。
2. 考查篇章理解。语法填空是以短文为载体，考查语法的同时，也考查了考生对语篇的理解。
3. 考查基础语法。所填词语既要意思连贯和富有逻辑性(符合语境), 又要语法正确。重点考查动词、代词、介词、冠词、词类转换等基础知识。
4．命题形式。
(1)给出提示词题型：填实义词——用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类，考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形，一般有3个小题。包括动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词，形容词和副词的比较等级，名词的单复数，以及词类或词义的转换等。
(2)纯空格题型：填功能词——空后没给词，要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个恰当的词，包括代词、介词、限定词 (冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词、时间及地点副词等。
应试点睛
语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文， 然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
1．语法填空的考查范围
(1)语境(上下文)；
(2)语法：动词、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级及构词法、倒装等。①动词：时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等；②引导词：一些从句的使用， 如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等；
③形容词、副词、名词、动词之间的词型、词性转换， 形容词与副词的比较级、最高级等；④介词：一些常用介词的基本用法、介词短语的用法；⑤名词、冠词：注意名词的单数、复数、可数、不可数以及冠词的特殊性用法；⑥代词：注意代词所指代的对象和前后对应的关系；⑦并列词：and, so, or, otherwise等表示并列、对比的词， 以及表示承接、转折的副词therefore, however的用法；⑧句型：要求归纳整理， 并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型， 如： not...until...; not only...but (also)．..; so...that...; not...but...; as...as...; either...or...；more...than...; neither...nor...；such...that...；hardly...when...; no sooner...than...等。
2．语法填空的能力要求
(1)阅读/理解语篇的能力；
(2)分析句子结构的能力；
(3)熟练运用语法的能力；
(4)单词拼写能力。
题型探究
探究点一 纯空格题型
考生需要根据语境在每个空格处填入一个合适的词，主要考查连词、介词、代词、冠词等。
1．根据语境判断词义
通过句意或语篇的要求确定单词的含义，此种设计考查点包括实词和虚词。值得注意的是，有时通过句子本身或上下两个句子就可以确定词义，但有时要通过几个句子、一个段落甚至整个篇章结构才能确定。
判断词义可以通过定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定。
1．(1)定义法：是指通过定义解释、定语从句、同位语等判断词义，这类词主要是名词。
例1 We are all in the position of the________.If we plant a good seed, we will get a good harvest.If our seed is poor and full of weeds, we’ll get a useless crop.If we don’t plant anything, we’ll harvest nothing at all.
【答案】 farmer 【解析】 通过后面句子的含义解释可以确定空格词义是“农夫，农民”，特别是几个关键词“plant, seed, harvest”与farmer的工作特点是完全一致的。
(2)对比法：指通过句子的对比关系来判断所缺单词的词义，通常可以通过一些连词或副词来判断，如but, or, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand等。
例2 There are more ________ teachers in my school than men teachers.
【答案】 women 【解析】 通过对比后面的men teachers可以确定空格词义是“女性的”，即名词women作定语修饰teachers。
(3)因果法：指通过句子的内在联系或句子之间存在的因果关系来判断词义。
例3 The museum was so________ that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
【答案】 large 【解析】 根据结果状语从句的含义“不可能一天之内看完所有的展品”可以判断主句指的是“博物馆太大了”。
(4)语境线索：即通过上下语境确定空格内要填的词的词义。
例4 One day mother looked at Nick’s shoes and said, “Nick, look at your shoes.How ________they are! You must clean them.”
【答案】 dirty 【解析】 根据语境“看看你的鞋子，你必须把它们弄干净”可以判断空格处所填词的词义是“脏的”。句意：你的鞋子多么脏啊！
2．根据句子成分确定词性
对于纯空格形式的填空，在确定词义后，还要判断所填词的词性。词性的判断主要是通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析：
(1)主语和宾语一般由名词、代词充当，有时也由动名词、不定式短语充当。
例5 From Monday to Friday, most people are busy working or studying, but in the evening or on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy ________.
【答案】 themselves 【解析】 此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构，句子的主语是they，谓语是are free，to relax and enjoy...是目的状语，在这个状语中缺宾语，再根据语境“周末时自由放松”，所以要使用反身代词themselves。
(2)谓语主要是由动词充当。在确定词义后，要判断其时态和语态。时态一般只考查一般现在时和一般过去时。但有时也可能涉及非谓语动词。
例6 She is the one who always takes his sorrow as her own sorrow, the one who always ________ by his side whether he is poor or rich.
【答案】 stands 【解析】 此处考查作谓语的动词，根据语境，此空含义是“站在(他身边)”，即 stand。同时根据前后句的时态可以判断要使用一般现在时，由于主语是she，所以使用第三人称单数stands。
例7 At midnight, I woke up to find the girl ________ soundly in her mother’s embrace.I could see the smile of security on her face.
【答案】 sleeping 【解析】 此处考查语境理解及宾补结构的用法。根据语境“半夜我醒来时发现那个女孩正在她妈妈的怀抱中熟睡”，所以使用动词sleep的现在分词形式充当补语。
(3)表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当，有时也由动名词、现在分词和过去分词等充当。
例8 Every year, on Spring Festival Eve, CCTV broadcasts its Spring Festival Gala__________ to millions of viewers.
【答案】 live 【解析】 此处考查语境理解及形容词充当补语的用法。broadcast...live意为“现场直播”。
(4)状语主要由副词充当。
例9 He dug for 12 hours...24 hours.______，in the 38th hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his son’s voice.
【答案】 Eventually /Finally 【解析】 此处考查语境理解及副词充当状语的用法。从语境可以推断此空含义是“终于，最后”，由于是修饰后面的整个句子，所以使用副词形式。
3．根据句子类型确定词类
若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号，可以判断，一定是填连词。连词有两类，一种是并列连词，一种是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。主要有以下几种句型：
(1) 并列句：一般由“简单句＋并列连词＋简单句”构成，有时并列连词前有逗号，可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词，如同等关系(and)、转折关系(but)、选择关系(or)、因果关系(so)等。
例10 “There are many mainland students at my university and all the other universities in Hong Kong.These students could not speak Cantonese at first, ______ I had to speak putonghua to make friends with them，”said Cheung.
【答案】 so 【解析】 根据上下句的语义可以判断是因果关系，所以用so。句意为：这些学生不会讲广东话，所以，为了跟他们交朋友，我不得不讲普通话。
(2)状语从句：通过语境理解、判断上下文的逻辑关系，判断其是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他状语从句，最后确定所缺连词。
例11 ______the sun came out, he looked down and laughed.There was no abyss.Just six inches down there was a rock.
【答案】 As/When 【解析】 根据前后两个都是简单句可以判断是缺少连词；从第一句的含义来看，是表示时间的状语从句，所以用as/when。
(3)名词性从句：当确定为名词性从句后，可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语，如果缺以上成分，一般情况下要使用what，有时可能使用who/whom或which；如果不缺以上成分，则考虑句子意思是否完整，完整的句子可以用that，意思不完整的则考虑用where, why, how, because等。
例12 I was in the train sitting opposite a middle aged couple.They were ordinary in every aspect, but ______ they did touched me deeply.
【答案】 what 【解析】 此处考查主语从句的引导词。从句中缺表示物的主语，所以使用what。
(4)定语从句：当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点还是其他，然后判断引导词在从句中的成分，再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。
例13 However, Cheung, ______ graduated from Hong Kong Baptist University this summer, has found that now she needs putonghua more than ever.
【答案】 who 【解析】 此处考查非限制性定语从句的引导词的用法。由于先行词是人Cheung(张)，引导词在从句中作主语，所以使用who。
4．根据固定搭配、典型句型确定动词、名词、介词等
固定搭配的短语及习惯用法是属于比较简单的考点，只要平时注意积累基本上就能答对。
例14 Volunteers' work plays an important ______in America’s high school education.
【答案】 part 【解析】 此处考查短语play a part in的搭配用法。但有时命题者会在设计时增加一些难度，在短语之间插入其他一些成分，或将固定连用的短语分隔开来，这一点也需注意。
例15 Some parents tried to pull him off the school’s ruins, saying, “It’s too late! They are all dead! There is nothing you can do！”________each parent he responded with the same line: “Are you going to help me now？” And then he continued to dig for his son, stone by stone.
【答案】 To 【解析】 此处考查短语respond to的固定搭配。由于宾语each parent放在了句首，短语被拆开，所以难度加大了许多。
探究点二 给出提示词题型
1．提示词是动词
当括号内提供的是动词时，主要判断其是谓语还是非谓语。
(1)当考查的是谓语时，首先要判断其时态和语态。
例1 Since Hong Kong ________(rejoin) China in 1997, more students from the Chinese mainland have chosen to study there.
【答案】 rejoined 【解析】 此处考查作谓语的动词形式。根据主句的时态have chosen及从句的时间状语in 1997，此空动词应该是一般过去时态。
(2)如果考查非谓语，要判断非谓语在句中的成分，根据不同成分使用适当的形式，其中使用 ing形式和 ed形式居多，有时也考查to do, to be done, having done等形式。
例2 Ten years ago, Jessica Cheung was only 13.________(live) with her parents in Hong Kong, she knew little putonghua.
【答案】 Living 【解析】 此处考查作非谓语的动词形式。动词live(生活)作原因状语，与逻辑主语she是主动关系，所以使用现在分词living。
2．提示词是形容词或副词
如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是考查形容词，即要变成形容词形式。但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。
例3 “Thirty five cents，” she said________(rude)．
【答案】 rudely 【解析】 此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词，要用来修饰动词said，所以要使用副词形式。
例4 At last, her courage and ________(wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.
【答案】 wisdom 【解析】 括号内提供的是形容词，但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分，一起充当主语，所以要使用名词形式wisdom。
3．提示词是名词
当括号内提供的是名词时，一般考查其形容词形式，但有时也可能考查其副词、动词等形式。
例5 There, my voice sounds really__________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it.
【答案】 wonderful 【解析】 括号内提供的是名词，但此空作系动词sounds的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。
例6 A certain man planted a rose and watered it________(faith) and before it blossomed, he examined it.
【答案】 faithfully 【解析】 括号内提供的是名词，但此空是作状语，修饰动词water，所以要变成副词。注意：先将名词faith变成形容词faithful，然后再变成副词faithfully。
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