高中英语人教版（2019）必修三 Unit 5 The Value Of Money学案

必修三 Unit 5 The Value Of Money
1. 掌握并熟练运用本单元核心词汇和短语；
2. 掌握几个重要情态动词的用法；
3. 运用本课的写作技巧完成读后续写任务。
Reading and Thinking
THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE
Act 1, Scene 3

scene n. （戏剧或剧场的）场；现场；场面
The police were on the scene within minutes. The murderer couldn’t get away with it.
The film contains some scenes at a parking lot.
【拓展】
the opening scene 开场
on the scene 到现场
the scene of the crime/accident 犯罪/事故现场
admire the peaceful country scene 欣赏宁静的乡村景色
【辨析】
scene, scenery, view 和sight
scene是可数名词，指“一眼可以看到的风景”，不限于自然景色；
scenery是不可数名词，指某一地区的自然景色，由多个 scene组成；
view指从某个角度，尤其是从远处或高处看到的景色；
sight指“风景，名胜”，常用复数形式，尤指人文景观。
by accident 偶然地；意外地
I found the adventure novel quite by accident.
Success in life doesn’t happen by accident. It’s the result of devoting your time and energy to what you’ve set out to do.
【拓展】
find sth. by accident偶然发现某物
whether by accident or design 无论无意还是有意
by design=on purpose=intentionally 故意地
It is no accident that… ……不是偶然的。
I didn’t break it on purpose—it was an accident
spot vt. 看见；注意到；发现 n. 地点；处所；斑点；污迹
She told us the exact spot where the accident happened.
Tom spotted smoke coming out of his neighbor’s house last night.
The man tried to get away with stealing, but he was caught on the spot.
【拓展】
spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
on the spot 当场；在现场
a white cat with brown spots 带褐色斑点的白猫
a few spots of blood 一些血渍
a quiet spot on the beach 海滩上一个安静的地方
patience n. 耐心；忍耐力；毅力
Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with patience.
You ought to have patience when others consult you.
【拓展】
with patience 耐心的
lose/run out of patience (with) （对……）失去耐心
have no/little patience with 不能容忍
patient adj.有耐心的 n. 病人
patiently adv. 耐心地
be patient with 对……有耐心
wait patiently 耐心地等待

Young men, would you step inside a moment, please?
May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are?
Well, I can’t say that I have any plans.
Anyway, I didn’t dare to try again.
Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.
情态动词
1. can与could
①表示能力，常译为“能，会”。 could是can的过去式，表示过去的能力。
②表示请求或许可，常译为“可以”。could比can的语气更加委。
③表示可能性，常用于疑问句或否定句中。用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时可能会”。
④表示惊讶、不相信等，常用于否定句或疑问句中。
【点拨】
①can’t/couldn’t have done“不可能做了某事”，表示对过去的情况进行否定的推测。
②could have done既可表示对过去的推测，还可表示“过去本可以做某事(而实际上未做)”。
Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldn’t 10 years ago.
Could I try those shoes on please?
We could have gone there on foot and a taxi wasn’t necessary at all.
【辨析】
can与 be able to
①can只有现在式和过去式，而 be able to则有更多的形式。
I’m sorry I haven’t been able to answer your letter in time.
②can一般指自身具有的能力，而如果要表达将来的能力，一般要用be able to。
The child will be able to walk in a few weeks.
③be able to的过去式 was/were able to可表示在过去设法做成了某事，相当于managed to do，而 could无此意义。
The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from it.
2. may与might
①表示请求或许可，常译成“可以”。might表示请求时语气更加委。
用于一般疑问句：
肯定回答用may/can
否定回答用mustn’t/can’t
②表示可能性，意为“也许，可能，大概”，might比may的可能性要小。 may/might not表示“可能不”。
对现在或将来情况的推测：may/might+动词原形
对过去情况的推测：may/might+have done
③may可用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。
—May I have a few words with your manager?
—Yes, you may/can.
—No, you can’t.
Life is unpredictable; even the poorest may/might become the richest.
3. must
①表示“必须”，否定形式 mustn’t表示“不准，禁止”。
用于一般疑问句
肯定回答用must
否定回答用 needn’t/don’t have to
②表示肯定推测，意为“一定，肯定”，只能用于肯定句中。表推测时must的否定形式是can’t/couldn’t。
对现在情况的肯定推测：must+动词原形
对过去情况的肯定推测：must + have done
③表示“偏要，偏偏”，常指不愉快的事。
—Must we turn in our plan this weekend?
—Yes, you must.
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
Look at his new car. He must have earned a lot of money.
4. shall与should
(1) shall的用法
①用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求意见或请求指示。
②用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
③用于第三人称的陈述句，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应该，必须”。
Shall we begin our class?
You shall be punished for what you’ve done.
(2) should的用法
①表示义务、劝告、建议、命令等，意为“应该”。
②表示有一定根据的推测，意为“可能，应该会”。
③表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，意为“竟然”。
We’ve got everything ready. There should be no problem.
The man should be so rude to a lady.
【点拨】
should have done表示“本该做某事（而实际上未做）”
shouldn’t have done表示“本不该做某事（而实际上做了）”
You should have asked for help.
You shouldn’t have told her the news.
5. will与would
①表示请求、建议，用于第二人称的疑问句中，would比will的语气更加委婉。
②表示意志、愿望或决心，有“愿，要”之意。will指现在，would指过去。
③表示一种习惯、倾向或固有性质等，意为“惯于，总是”。will指现在，would指过去。
Will you join us for a drink?
She said she would try her best to help me.
This old man is strange. He will sit there for hours without saying anything.
He would get up at eight when he was on the farm.
6. ought to
①ought to意为“应当，应该”，跟should用法基本相同，没有人称、数和时态的变化。
②表示有责任或义务做某事，语气比较强。
③表示推测，暗含很大的可能性。
④表示建议或劝告
⑤ought to的否定式是ought not to或oughtn’t to，疑问式是把ought放在主语前。
The government really ought to do more about inflation.
You ought not to play tricks on the disabled.
【点拨】
ought to have done过去本该做某事（而没有做）
ought not to have done过去本不该做某事（却做了）
You ought not to have told her the news.
【辨析】
ought to与should
①一般说来，两者可换用，只是 ought to的语气略强。
②ought to多表示由于法令、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”傲某事。
③should含有个人意见，强调主观看法。
7. need
need意为“需要，有必要”，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。
（1）need作情态动词
①没有人称和数的变化
②后接动词原形
③常用于否定句或疑问句
④否定式为 need not/needn’t
We needn’t hurry, for there’s plenty of time.
—Need I come tomorrow?
—Yes, you must.
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
（2）need作实义动词
①有人称和数的变化
②后接名词、代词、动名词、带to的不定式
③用于陈述句、否定句或疑问句均可
④否定式和疑问式要借助助动词 do/does/did
It’s quite warm here; we don’t need to turn the heating on yet.
The floor needs sweeping.
【点拨】
①needn’t have done表示“本没有必要做某事（却做了）”。
②用作情态动词的need常用于疑问句或否定句，对于以need开头的疑问句的否定回答可用needn’t，但是肯定回答不能用need，而用must。
We had plenty of bread, so I needn’t have enough a loaf.
1. —I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don’t worry. He ______ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
2. In today’s information age, the loss of data ______ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
3. ______ I turn on the TV for you, Grandpa?
—Yes, thanks a lot, my dear. You’re so considerate.
A. Must B. Shall C. Will D. Need
4. —Turn off the TV, Jack. ______ your homework now?
—Mum, just ten more minutes, please.
A. Should you be doing B. Shouldn’t you be doing
C. Couldn’t you be doing D. Will you be doing
5. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but ______ say where he was.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C wouldn’t D mightn’t
6. —Please don’t tell anybody.
—I ______. I promise.
A. can’t B. don’t C. won’t D. mustn’t
7. —Can’t you stay a little longer?
It’s getting late. I really ______ go now. My daughter is home alone.
A. may B. can C. must D. dare

答案与解析：
1. D 解析：句意： —我不太喜欢 James。你为什么邀请他? —别担心，他可能来不了。他说他还不能确定他的计划是什么。本题考查might表示推测。must not 表示禁止; need not表示不必; would not表示不会; might not表示可能不。根据题意可知选D。
2. C 解析：句意：在当今的信息时代，对于一家公司来说，数据的丢失会造成严重的后果。根据句意可知，语境要体现的是一种客观的可能性，因此用can符合语境。
3. B 解析：句意： —爷爷，我可以为你打开电视机吗? —好的，非常感谢，我的宝贝儿。你太体贴了。shall与第一人称连用表示提出建议或要求对方做决定。shall在问句中表示征求对方意见，一般与第三人称连用。本句是征求对方的意见，故选B项。
4. B 解析：句意： —关上电视，杰克。你现在难道不该做作业吗?—妈妈，请让我再看十分钟吧。should在这里含有责怪的语气，用于一般疑问句的否定式中，表示“难道不应该……”，符合语境。
5. C 解析：句意：几天后，我弟弟打来电话说，他很好，但是不愿意说他在哪里。mustn’t不准，禁止; shouldn’t 不该; wouldn’t 不愿意; mightn’t可能不。
6. C 解析：句意： —请别告诉任何人。—我不会的，我保证。can’t不可能，不能够;don’t助动词，表示否定;won’t不会的，是will not的缩写;mustn’t表禁止。根据句意可知选C项。
7. C 解析：句意：难道你不能再多逗留一会吗?—时间不早了。我现在必须得走了。我的女儿独自一人在家。根据句意可知，此处应用must(必须)。

Reading for writing
THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE
Act 2, Scene 1
manner n. 举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪
She smiled again in a friendly manner.
She talked in a grown-up manner.
【拓展】
all manner of 各种各样的；形形色色的
in the manner of 以……方式；照……的式样
in the same manner 同样地；以同样的方式
good manner 好方法；有礼貌
【辨析】
conduct, behavior, manner
这组词都有“行为，举止”的意思，其区别是：
conduct 较正式用词，泛指某人的行动。侧重根据社会道德标准和责任感。
behavior 普通用词，侧重指某人在特定场合对他人或在他人面前的行为、举止。
manner 主要用来指人的习惯行为。
broad adj. 宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的
He was following a broad trail through the trees.
His shoulders were broad and his waist narrow.
【辨析】
broad, wide 这两个形容词均含"宽阔的"之意。
broad ：普通用词，指向两边延伸的宽度，强调两边之间面积的广阔，也可指向四方伸展开去。
wide ：常用词，侧重指两边或两点之间的距离。着重距离的远近。
【拓展】
aboard, broad, abroad, board这四个词外形相似。
aboard：在船（或飞机，车）上 I never went aboard a ship.
broad：形容词，宽广的 He has very broad shoulders.
abroad：副词，在国外或海外 He often goes abroad.
board ：动词，上（船，飞机，车） The passengers are boarding the plane now.
indeed adv. 其实；实际上；当然；确定
The old man is very energetic indeed. He can cycle 15 kilometres in an hour.
I don’t mind at all. Indeed, I am pleased that you are willing to seek my help.
【辨析】
indeed, really, truly, actually 这些副词均有"确实地，真正地"之意。
indeed ：一般用于肯定或证实对方所说的话，多承接前言，也用来加强或肯定自己说话的语气。
really ：主要用于强调与事实或现实不相违背，也可表示不快、惊奇或某种含蓄的怀疑。
truly ： 强调客观存在的真实性，没有任何虚假。
actually ：侧重于实际的事，而不是凭空想象或推测的事。
normal adj. 典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的
n. 常态；通常标准；一般水平
The two countries resumed normal diplomatic relations.
She led a normal, happy life with her sister and brother.
【拓展】
abnormal adj. 反常的
enormous adj. 巨大的,庞大的
subnormal adj. 低于正常的
transnormal adj. 超出常规的
主题写作——读后续写
读后续写，简言之，就是阅读完一篇还未写完的文章之后，根据要求和提示把这篇文章未写完部分补充完整，使之浑然一体。它一方面很好地考查考生对所学语言知识的实际运用能力，而另一方面，它也培养学生的发散思维能力。
写作任务
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.
We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. "The day starts at dawn on my farm," he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.
In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a hose ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. "Don’t be late for supper," Uncle Paul cried, "and keep to the track so that you don’t get lost!" "OK! " my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的）blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
方法技巧
1. 熟读原文，掌握关键信息。
读后续写不仅仅是写，而是在读后的基础上写作，所写的内容要和原文在观点、逻辑、结构、用词等方面保持一致。因此，读懂原文很关键。读懂文章不仅是读懂文字，而且要读懂字里行间的态度和情感。要准确把握以下几点：作者叙述这个故事的目的是什么？他叙述故事的方式是什么？是通过时间发展还是以人物的活动为线索？他对故事的主人公的态度是褒还是贬？他希望主人公的结局是什么？只有读懂文章，把握了这些要素，才能写出合理的好结尾。
2. 特别关注故事的逻辑顺畅。
读后续写的整体要求是逻辑合理，语言精巧，故事顺畅。所谓逻辑指的就是故事的发展的过程要合理。续写的内容和原文的故事发展逻辑要严密，衔接要完美。不要有旁支，不要失去关联。其中逻辑的顺畅有三个节点：
(1) 第一段内容一定要和第一段段首句逻辑一致。所写的内容不可脱离该句，更要照顾全文的故事发展。
(2) 后续两段间的逻辑。第一段，尤其是该段最后的内容要和第二段的段首句逻辑一致。续写的两段间要有完美的结合，发展顺畅合理，脉络清晰。
(3) 第二段的内容要和第二段段首句逻辑一致。
3. 情节设计自然，符合原文的发展特征，不要太过荒诞。
考生要特别重视的实际上是描写的丰富性。因此续写要求考生情节可简单，但是要合理。不要设计太过奇怪的情节。
4. 叙述和描写的文字要丰富、优美。
续写使用语言要小巧、准确而有闪光点。故事的叙述不要用太过复杂的句子，但是用词要精巧，要有“高级”的词汇。因此，我们要多阅读，扩充自己的词汇量。描写包括对人物的动作描写、心理描写、对话描写以及场景的描写等。我们要结合所给的关键词，进行丰富的描写，烘托故事的发展。当然描写要控制在情节框架内，不能脱离整个文章的意思。
5. 续写的语言使用要符合原文的特征。
语言在文体和色彩上要和原文保持一致，比如褒贬态度等。
原文分析
It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.
（文章第一段交代故事的背景。介绍了度假的原因和地点。）
We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
（第二段简单地介绍了旅途。）
His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. "The day starts at dawn on my farm," he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.
（第三段是对在农场的日常活动的简单介绍。）
In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a hose ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. "Don’t be late for supper," Uncle Paul cried, "and keep to the track so that you don’t get lost!" "OK!" my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的）blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
（第四段和续写故事的展开有很大的关系。这一段讲到了如何发生了我和爸爸去骑马的故事。而续写的内容就是在此基础上展开。）
参考范文
Paragraph 1：
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. This unexpected appearance frightened my horse, which made it run wildly. I tried my best to control it, but in vain. Frightened as I was, I tried to keep my balance to prevent me from falling off. Fortunately, minutes later, the horse stopped before a river, out of breath, and so did I. At that moment, my dad also came up. Seeing I was OK, he was quite relieved. But it was clear that we got lost.?
（根据续写第一段所给的段首句Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.可知,本段应该主要描写突然出现一只兔子之后的故事。按照常理,突然出现的兔子一般会让马受惊。故本段描写马受惊后发生的事比较自然。）
Paragraph 2：
We had no idea where we were and it got dark. We didn’t know where the farm house was. What we could do was to go back along the previous track slowly. But it was really difficult for us in such a dark situation. Just as we were at the point of desperation, we heard a faint voice from the distance. “It must be Uncle Paul,” I said. So we cried back with excitement. Finally, Uncle Paul safely brought us back home. What an amazing ride!?
（从第二段的段首句We had no idea where we were and it got dark.可以看出作者和父亲迷路了。那么本段的故事主要根据迷路之后的情况展开,应该是从迷路到回家的故事。）
范文赏析
（1）范文和原文的逻辑关系紧密，故事紧紧贴近原文的故事发展。
（2）续写使用了不少高级的句子结构，如：
Frightened as I was... 尽管我很害怕……
to prevent me from falling off 防止我掉下去
...the horse stopped before a river, out of breath, and so did I…
马在一条小河前停了下来，喘吁吁，我也如此。
What we could do was to go back along the previous track slowly.
我们能做的就是沿着之前的痕迹慢慢走回去。
（3）文章用娴熟的笔法使用了很多精美词汇，如：
previous adj. 之前的
in vain 白费力气
at the point of desperation 将要绝望之际
a faint voice 微弱的声音