高中英语人教版（2019）必修三 Unit 2 Morals And Virtues学案

必修三 Unit 2 Morals and virtues
1. 掌握并熟练运用本单元核心词汇和短语；
2. 掌握动词-ing形式作宾补和作状语的用法；
3. 了解林巧稚医生的故事，并能作简要介绍；
4. 读懂本课的寓言故事，并能说出这个寓言故事想要说明的道理；
5. 运用本课的写作技巧完成读后感。
Reading and Thinking
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES

majority n. 大部分；大多数
The majority thinks it’s a good plan, but I don’t think so.
The majority of foreign nationals working here have work permits.
【辨析】majority与most
（1）词性不同
majority n. 大部分；大多数
most adv. 最，最多（大）
adj. many的最高级； 最多的，最大的；
n. 最大限度；
（2）修饰的词不同
majority 只能修饰可数名词, the majority of people
most 可数不可数均可
The most pleasurable experience of the evening was the wonderful fireworks display.
What she feared most was becoming like her mother.
The majority of my patients come to me from out of town.
complain vi.&vt. 抱怨；发牢骚
He came to complain about the volume of the music.
If you're not satisfied with the life you're living, don't just complain. Do something about it.
【辨析】grumble, complain, murmur
grumble 指因对处境、待遇不满或其他个人因素而愤愤不平地向他人诉苦或自言自语。
complain 侧重因对处境不满、待遇不公或自己有痛苦等而向别人诉说、埋怨。
murmur 多指因不满某人或某事而背着人自言自语地发怨言。
respond vt. 回答；回复 vi. 做出反应；回应
They are likely to respond positively to the president's request for aid.
Some children respond more demonstratively than others.
【拓展】
adj.
responsible 负责的，可靠的；有责任的
respondent 回答的；应答的
responsive 响应的；应答的；回答的
n.
responsibility 责任，职责；义务
respondent [法] 被告；应答者
responder 响应器；回答者
reject vt. 拒绝接受；否决
One of my most able students was rejected by another university.
It is hard for me to reject religious beliefs.
【辨析】reject和refuse
（1）从语气上看：refuse 属普通用词；而 reject 则属于正式用词，多用于较正式的场合。
（2）从意思上看：refuse 表示“拒绝”，强调态度的肯定和坚决；而 reject 则强调摈弃、不采用或不使用。
They refused him admittance.
They rejected all the bad apples.
（3）从是否及物来看：refuse 可用作及物或不及物动词，而 reject 通常只用作及物动词。
I asked him to lend me his car, but he refused.
I proposed to her but she rejected me.
（4）refuse 后可接不定式表示“拒绝做某事”，而 reject 通常不这样用。
He refused to come to the meeting.
The door refuses to open.

“Life is precious. …To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired?”
At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role,
Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
动词-ing形式作宾补和作状语
作宾补
（1）感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, observe, smell, hear, listen to, feel, find, cach等/使役动词have, leave, keep, make, get+宾语+v-ing作宾语补足语，表示宾语正在进行的动作或状态.
I heard her singing a song when I passed by.
I feel my heart beating fast now.
When he woke up, he found himself lying on the ground.
Don’t leave water running when you brush your teeth.
（2）with+宾语+v-ing作宾语补足语，v-ing形式则表示动作的主动或进行。
The teacher came in, with his students following behind.
He walked in the park, with a friend talking with him.
作状语
（1）v-ing作状语表示正在进行或伴随的动作或状态。作时间、原因或条件状语时，通常位于句子的前部；而作方式、伴随或结果状语时，通常位于句子的后部。
Walking in the street, I saw her. (时间状语)
Seeing a car being stolen, he shouted out. (原因状语)
The parents died, leaving him alone. (结果状语)
We went shopping, driving our new ca. (伴随状语)
（2）v-ing作状语表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式和伴随情况时，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。
He went out, leaving his homework undone.
Being a student, I must study hard.
注意：
如果分词动作明显发生在谓语动作之前，使用其完成式having done (完成被动式having been done)。
Having saved a lot of money, I bought a big house.
Having been told many times, he still doesn’t understand it.
（3）连接词的问题：以明确语义为前提
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
Once making up my mind, I’ll never change.
Unless coming across strange words, don’ open your dictionary.
（4）注意固定用法
Generally speaking, we don’t agree with you。
Considering his age, the child reads quite well.
Judging from what you said, he ought to succeed.
Providing he didn’t stolen my wallet, who could it be that did it?
1. My cousin came to see me from the country,_________ me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A. brought B. bringing? C. to bring D. had brought?
2. ________ such heavy loss, the businessman didn’t have the courage to go on.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering? C. To suffer D. Suffered
3. ________ from his accent, he is from America.?
A. Judged B. Judging C. To judge D. Judge
4. The audience ________ their seats, the players began their games.?
A. take B. taken C. taking D. took?
5. Jack Ma is ambitious about his firm’s future, ______ that Alibaba’s achievements will one day top Walmart.
A. says B. to say C. saying D. said
6. A terrible earthquake with tsunami happened in Japan, more than 10,000 deaths.
A. causing B. to cause C. caused D. having caused
7. ______ full preparations, Tony was quite confident about the coming interview.
A. Make B. Made C. To make D. Having made
8. The rare fish, ______ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.
A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved
9. More highways have been built in China, _____ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
A. making B. made C. to make D. having made
10. An investigation group _________ five men and two women has been sent to the spot to look into the matter.
A. consists of B. is consisted of C. consisting of D. consisted of

答案：
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D 8.A 9. A 10. C

Reading for Writing
THE STONE IN THE ROAD
harm n.&vt. 伤害；损害
All dogs are capable of doing harm to human beings.
Low-priced imports will harm the industry.
【辨析】harm和damage
harm 多指带来悲痛，产生恶果的伤害，可以是肉体的也可是精神的。
Doctors say smoking harms our health.
damage一般指部分性的破坏，含可修复使用。
The blast caused extensive damage to the house.
【拓展】
no harm 无害
do harm 有害处，不利
do harm to someone 加害某人
come to harm 遭受不幸；受到损害
mean no harm 没有恶意
despair n. 绝望 vi. 绝望；感到无望
He was in the depth of despair.
He wished to earn a living through writing but despaired of doing so.
【辨析】disappointment，despair，desperation，depression
disappointment 多指愿望或期望的落空。
despair 普通用词，指因灾难等因素而丧失希望和信心，陷入沮丧，绝望的境地。
desperation 语气强烈，指因绝望而使人采取无所顾忌的疯狂行动。
depression 侧重指因遭受重大失利或挫折而产生的低落情绪。
a great deal (of) 大量
I spent a great deal of time (in)doing my homework.
Stationary cars in traffic jams cause a great deal of pollution.
【拓展】英语中有很多表示“大量”“许多”的短语，常见的有：
只可修饰可数名词的：
a great many a large number of many a
只可修饰不可数名词：
a great deal of a large amount of a large sum of
二者均可修饰的：
plenty of a lot of a large quantity of large quantities of
主题写作——读后感
【话题分析】
文学作品的赏析与评论属于语言学习和运用的一部分，因此，该类写作的实用性更强。同时，对于文学著作的作者介绍也成为常设的话题，而且其中又多包括对其作品的介绍。该类写作一般提供详细的信息，各写作要点的整合显得尤为重要。
【写作任务】
下面是某位诺贝尔文学奖获得者及其作品简介。
姓名：爱丽丝?门罗（Alice Munro）
奖项：诺贝尔文学奖
年龄：85岁(1931年生)
国籍：加拿大
获奖作品简介：《逃离》（Runaway）——居住在小镇的一女子不满残酷的生活而多次叛逃并被抓回，最后只好沉寂下来，带着苦涩回到原来的状态。
写作风格：传统描写的精湛技巧，女性独特的风格，大众接受度比以往诺贝尔文学奖获得者更高。
假设你是李华，有幸从网上拜读了她的获奖作品。请你写一篇英文读后感，内容包括：
1. 作者简介；2. 作品内容；3. 个人感想等。
注意：1. 要求词数：120-150；2. 可适当增加细节，确保行文连贯。
【写作步骤】
第一步：审题
该文章要求写一篇读后感，要求内容包括作者简介、作品内容、写作风格及个人感想等。题目提供了详细的信息，写作时要注意这些信息的整合和准确表达。全文以第三人称为主。动词时态以过去时态为主。
第二步：列提纲
1. 介绍作者：可以借助个人阅读经历来写，如：当听说爱丽丝?门罗获得诺贝尔文学奖的时候，急切地想要读她的著作。顺便将作者的年龄、国籍等加以描述。
2. 作品内容：居住在小镇的一女子不满残酷的生活而多次叛逃与被抓回，最后只好沉寂下来，带着苦涩回到原来的状态。
3. 个人感想：由感兴趣变得更惊讶，她用了传统描写的精湛技巧，加上女性独特的风格，使得作品的大众接受度比以往诺贝尔文学奖获得者更高。
第三步：优化句子
1. 当我知道爱丽丝?门罗获得诺贝尔文学奖的时候，我急切地想要阅读这位85岁加拿大女作家的作品。
Alice Munro is an 85-year-old woman novelist from Canada and I was eager to read her stories when I learned that she won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
（改为含同位语成分的复合句）
→I was eager to read the stories written by Alice Munro, an 85-year-old woman novelist from Canada when I learned that she won the Nobel Prize for Literature. 2. 当我上网的时候发现了《逃离》这部小说，我一口气就把它读完了。When I was surfing the Internet I found Runaway, and I read through the whole story without stopping.（改为含有省略句的复合句）
I found Runaway when surfing the Internet, and I read through the whole story without stopping. 3. 她不满残酷的生活和糟糕的待遇，但每次她刚逃离就被抓住送了回来。She wasn’t content with the cruel life and bad treatment, but she was caught and sent back every time she ran away from home.（改为含有no sooner … than …连接的状语从句的复合句）
She wasn’t content with the cruel life and bad treatment, but no sooner had she run away from home than she was caught and sent back. 4. 爱丽丝用了传统描写的精湛技巧，加上女性独特的风格，使得作品的大众接受度比以往诺贝尔文学奖获得者更高。 With the women’s special style as well as the excellent traditional describing skills, Alice Munro made her story more acceptable than any other novel written by those who once won the Nobel Prize for Literature. （改为含有现在分词短语作状语的句子）
Alice Munro wrote her story with the women’s special style as well as the excellent traditional describing skills, making it more acceptable than any other novel written by thosewho once won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严谨的短文。
I was eager to read the stories written by Alice Munro, an 85-year-old woman novelist from Canada when I learned that she won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Fortunately, I found Runaway when surfing the Internet, and I read through the whole story without stopping. The story tells us the hard life of a poor woman who lived in a small county. She wasn’t content with the cruel life and bad treatment, but no sooner had she run away from home than she was caught and sent back. At last, she had to come back and went on with her bitter life after running away many times. I’m more astonished by than interested in the story, for Alice Munro wrote it with the women’s special style as well as the excellent traditional describing skills, making it more acceptable than any other novel written by those who once won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
（答题时间：40分钟）
一、阅读理解
Mother Teresa was born in Yugoslavia, on August 27th, 1910. She attended the government school near her home until she was eighteen. At that time, some doctors and nurses from Yugoslavia were working in India, and they often wrote to the school about their work. She decided to join them one day.
When she finished school, she went first to Britain. Then a year later she went to India, where she began to train to be a teacher. After training, she was sent to Calcutta, where she taught geography at a school and soon after became headmistress(女校长).
However, although she loved teaching, in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and went to work in the poor parts of Calcutta. Later she trained to be a nurse in Panta, and then began her work helping the poor and comforting the dying in the streets of the city. Slowly, others came to help her, and her work spread to other parts of India.
Mother Teresa is now a well-known person. Many photos have been taken of her, as she travels the world to open new schools and hospitals in poor countries. In 1979, she was given the Nobel Peace Prize for the lifetime of love and service she has given to the poor.
1. Where did Mother Teresa receive her education?
A. In Britain and India
B. In Yugoslavia and Britain
C. In Britain, Yugoslavia and some other poor countries.
D. In Yugoslavia, Britain and India
2. In which order did Mother Teresa do the following things?
a. trained to be a nurse
b. went to India
c. helped the poor and the dying
d. studied to be a teacher
e. went to Britain
f. worked as a headmistress
A. b, a, c, e, d, f
B. b, f, a, d, e, c
C. e, b, d, f, a, c
D. e, a, b, c, d, f
3. Mother Teresa gave up teaching because she wanted ______.
A. to look after the poor
B. to build the hospitals for the poor
C. to travel to poor countries
D. to train nurses to care for the poor
4. Mother Teresa was given the Nobel Peace Prize because she ______.
A. saved many poor people in India
B. took care of many poor people in the world
C. helped to bring about world peace
D. helped to make India a more peaceful place

二、完形填空
A Leap（跳跃）to Honor
Leaping on a narrow balance beam（平衡木） is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it.
To perfect her skills, Lola ___5___ for four hours a day, five days a week. At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls.
That’s especially impressive, ___6___ she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She often sees double and can’t ___7___ how far away things are.
When she was little, her mom ___8___ that even though she couldn’t see ___9___, she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved the ___10___ right away and gymnastics became her favorite.
Though learning gymnastics has been more ___11___ for her than for some of her tournaments, she has never quit. She doesn’t let her ___12___ stop her from doing anything that she wants to.
She likes the determination it takes to do the sport. Her biggest ___13___ is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees two beams. She must use her sense of touch to help her during her routine. Sometimes she even closes her eyes. “You have to ___14___ your mind that it’ll take you where you want to go,” says Lola.
To be a top-level gymnast, one must be brave. The beam is probably the most ___15___ for anyone because it’s four inches wide. At the state competition, Lola didn’t fall ___16___ the beam. In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10—her highest score yet.
Lola doesn’t want to be ___17___ differently from the other girls on her team. At the competitions, the judges don’t know about her vision ___18___. She doesn’t tell them, because she doesn’t think they need to know. Her mom is amazed by her ___19___ attitude.
Lola never thinks about ___20___. She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her ___21___ is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids ___22___ she grew up.
Lola is ___23___ of all her hard work and success. She says it’s helped her overcome problems in her life outside gymnastics, too. Her ___24___ for others is “just believe yourself”.
5. A. runs B. teaches C. trains D. dances
6. A. since B. unless C. after D. though
7. A. tell B. guess C. assume D. predic
8. A. suspected B. remembered C. imagined D. noticed
9. A. deeply B. well C. ahead D. closely
10. A. task B. sport C. event D. show
11. A. boring B. enjoyable C. difficult D. unsatisfactory
12. A. talent B. quality C. nature D. condition
13. A. doubt B. advantage C. challenge D. program
14. A. examine B. express C. open D. trust
15. A. fearful B. harmful C. unfair D. inconvenient
16. A. to B. on C. off D. against
17. A. greeted B. treated C. served D. paid
18. A. pains B. stresses C. injuries D. problems
19. A. positive B. friendly C. flexible D. caution
20. A. defending B. quitting C. winning D. bargaining
21. A. standard B. range C. view D. goal
22. A. until B. as C. when D. before
23. A. proud B. tired C. ashamed D. confident
24. A. plan B. advice C. reward D. Responsibility

三、写作
假定你是李华。三月初你在网上买了一双鞋子，打算送给妈妈作为生日礼物。但是，收到货后发现存在若干问题。请你就此给网店客服写邮件投诉。
要点如下：
1. 介绍购物情况
2. 反映存在的问题
3. 提出解决方案。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am one of your customers. ____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua


一、
1. D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中Mother Teresa was born in Yugosiavia on August 27th, 1910. She attended the government school near her home until she was eighteen.和第二段中When she finished school，she went first to Britain. Then a year later she went to India, where she began to train to be a teache.可知Mother Teresa 在Yugoslavia, Britain和 India接受教育。
2. C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章内容可知她先去 Britain，然后去了 India训练，后来做老师，成为校长，再后来成为护士，帮助穷人和垂死者。
3. A 解析：推理判断题。根据 began her work helping the poor and comforting the dying in the streets of the city 可知她放弃做校长而做了护士是为了照顾穷人。
4. B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知她获得诺贝尔和平奖是因为她对穷人的爱护和服务。
二、
5. C 解析：联系前半句“为了使她的技术完美”我们知道，她每周要训练五天，每天训练四个小时，因此，此处要用trains(训练)一词。
6. A 解析：That’s especially impressive.的原因是she is legally blind，前后是因果关系，因此，此处用 since引导原因状语从句。
7. A 解析：前文提到她的眼睛有毛病，因此，此处指“她看不出不知道东西离她有多远”，要用tell一词，can’t tell意为“不知道，看不出”。 guess猜; assume假定假设; predict预测，均与语境不符。
8. D 解析：她妈妈无意中注意到她即使看不清东西，她也不害怕，因此，此处要选D项，指“无意中注意到”。suspect怀疑; remember记住; imagine想象，均不符合语境。
9. B 解析：文章第三段就提到了，她视力有问题，看物体时出现叠影，看不清物体离她有多远，因此，此处要选well。
10. B 解析：通篇都在叙述Lola练习体操，此处用 the sport指代gymnastics。
11. C 解析：因为她视力有问题，很明显她学习体操比其他队友要困难( difficult)。
12. D 解析：她是一个很有决心的女孩，她不会让她自身的状况阻止她做她想做的事情。由文章内容可知，此处是指“她视力有问题”这一自身状况，因此选用condition一词，意为“条件”。 talent才能; quality品质; nature本性，均不符合语境。
13. C 解析：由本段后面的内容可知，由于她在看物体时有叠影，常常看到两个平衡木，所以平衡木是她最大的挑战( challenge)。
14. D 解析：她闭上眼睛是因为她相信( trust)她的然觉，相信它能带她去她想去的地方。
15. A 解析：因为平衡木只有四英寸宽，因此我们可以说它是最令人害怕的。此处选用 fearful，指“令人恐惧的，令人害怕的”。 harmful有害的; unfair不公平的;inconvenient不方便的，均不符合语境。
16. C 解析：fall off从……上掉下来，此处指“她在国家级的比赛中没有从平衡木上掉下来”。后面提到“她得到8.1分—她的最高分”。
17. B 解析：她不想受到与队里别的女孩不一样的对待，指“她希望教练能把她当正常的女孩来看待”。因此，此处要选 treated，有“对待”之意。
18. D 解析：上文已提到她有视力方面的间题。
19. A 解析：在队里她不希望受到特别的优待，在打比赛时不想让裁判知道她视力有问题，这是因为她把自己当成一个正常人，妈妈对她这种乐观的生活态度感到很吃惊。 positive积极的，乐观的，符合语境。friendly友好的; flexible灵活的; cautious小心翼翼的，均不符合语境。
20. B 解析：整篇文章提到她是个很有决心的女孩，她是水远不会放弃的。quit退出，放弃。文中第五段提到never quit(水不放弃)，这也是关键提示。
21. D 解析：达到9级是她的目标，因此此处选用goal，表示“目标”。后面提到她想成为体操教练，也说明她是个有明确目标的人。
22. C 解析：当她长大后，她要当一名体操教练，把她的所学传授给别的孩子。 when she grows up为when引导的时间状语从句。
23. A 解析：be proud of对……自豪; be tired of对…厌倦;be ashamed of对……差愧; be confident of对……有信心。她对她所有的努力和成功当然是很自豪的。
24. B 解析：just believe in yourself是她给别人的建议，因此 advice(建议，劝告)为最佳选择。
三、
One possible version:
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am one of you customers. I ordered a pair of shoes for my mum as a gift for her birthday. To my disappointment, there are the following problems. To begin with, it didn’t arrive on schedule, which missed my mum’s birthday. Besides, not only is it the wrong size but it is also of wrong color. What bothers me most is the quality of the shoes. They are not made of genuine leather, and give off a bad smell. I am not satisfied to have received such poor service, and I believe I am qualified to ask you to handle it. I hope you can either return my money or deliver a new pair to me.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours.
Li Hua