高中英语人教版（2019）专题课——写作常用句型（二）学案
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| 名称 | 高中英语人教版（2019）专题课——写作常用句型（二）学案 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-02-24 19:42:39 | ||
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必修三 专题课——写作常用句型（二）
写作常用句型：主从复合句
主从复合句
根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句。
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在主从复合句中的功能相当于名词，分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语，故统称为名词性从句。这四种从句和主句之间不用逗号。
引导名词性从句的引导词主要有以下三种：
① 从属连词：that whether if
② 连接代词：who whom whose what which
③ 连接副词：when why where
引导定语从句、状语从句的引导词有以下几种：
① before (在……之前) whether (不管) after (在…之后) if (假如) since (既然，自从) although (虽然) as soon as(一……就……) because (因为) so (as) long as (只要)
② 关系代词：who whose whom which that as
③ 关系副词：when why where
1. 主语从句
主语从句在句子中作主语，它的位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语的位置相同。
2. 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中起表语作用，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。
3. 宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，它既可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词、非谓语动词的宾语。
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句在句子中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词 (如 thought、idea、fact、news、suggestion、plan、belief、doubt、fear)之后，说明这些名词的含义。引导同位语从句的连词有that、whether或连接副词how、when、where、why等。但大多数是由that引导。
5. 定语从句
定语从句在主从复合句中起修饰、限定作用，修饰主句中的名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关系代词有who、whom、 whose、which、as和that；关系副词有when、where、why等。
6. 状语从句
（1）时间状语从句
由连词when、whenever、as、while、after、before、until、till、since、once、as soon as等引导。
由 the minute、the moment、the instant、immediately、instantly、directly、the day、the week、the year、the first time、any time、next time、every time、each time、the last time、all the time、by the time等引导。
（2）地点状语从句
常由连词where 和wherever引导。
（3）原因状语从句
由because、as、since、now that引导。
（4）目的状语从句
由in case、so that、for fear that等引导，口语中so也可引导目的状语从句。
（5）结果状语从句
由so that、so…that、such…that等引导，口语中so…that、such…that中的that可以省略。
（6）条件状语从句
由if、once、as long as、on condition that、provided that等引导。
（7）方式状语从句
由as、as if、as though等引导。
（8）让步状语从句
由though、although、as、even if、even though、whoever、whatever、however、no matter who (what、how、when)等引导。
（9）比较状语从句
由as…as…、not as/so…as…、than、the more…the more…等引导。
翻译句子
1. 事实上，人工智能很可能在不远的将来走进千家万户。（主语从句）
In fact, it is likely that AI is going to enter thousands of households in the near future.
2. 第一步就是你应该使自己的申请表与简历简明扼要。（表语从句）
The first step is that you should make your application form and resume brief and to the point.
3. 我知道你平时拍的照片很好并且总是想为环保做点事情。（宾语从句）
I know you take good pictures and that you’ve always wanted to do something for environment protection.
4. 不可否认这样一个事实：时间一旦失去，就再也无法弥补。（同位语从句）
There is no denying the fact that once lost, time can never be made up for.
5. 地铁深受公众欢迎，在北京，地铁是一种非常普及的交通工具。（定语从句）
The subway, which is widespread transportation in Beijing, is popular with the public.
6. 随着年龄的增长，我们对时尚的态度可能也会改变。（时间状语从句）
Our attitude towards fashion may change as we are getting older.
7. 暑假开始下暴雨那天，我正好计划着到九寨沟游玩。（时间状语从句）
I was planning to visit Jiuzhai Valley the day the heavy rain began in the summer holiday.
8. 如果我们站在别人的角度上考虑，就会原谅别人。（地点状语从句）
We will forgive others if we stand where they are.
9. 既然任何人一生中都会犯错误，我们最好还是再给他一次机会。（原因状语从句）
Since everybody can make mistakes in life, we might as well give him another chance.
10. 我使出浑身解数往前跑，以免后面的选手赶上我。（目的状语从句）
I ran as fast as I could for fear that I was caught up with by the runner behind me.
11. 小姑娘心地那么好，把自己的座位让给了身边的一位老太太。（结果状语从句）
The girl was so kind that she gave her seat to an old woman standing room.
12. 只要大家紧密团结，我们相信一切皆有可能。（条件状语从句）
So long as we are closely united, we believe that nothing is impossible.
13. 在找到更好的学习方法之前，照老师告诉你的那样去做。（方式状语从句）
Before finding a better learning method, do as the teacher told you.
14. 通常情况下，无论我们工作有多忙，我们都会回家过年。（让步状语从句）
Usually, no matter how busy we are, we will come back home for the Spring Festival.
15. 书总是多得读不完。（比较状语从句）
There have always been more books than anyone could read.
连句成段
1. 尽管有许多困难要克服，但她从没让困难击倒过。相反，她对生活的态度十分坚定。
Although there are lots of difficulties to overcome, she never lets her problems defeat her. Instead, her attitude towards life is firm.
2. 在过去，大部分学生辍学是因为他们的家庭负担不起教育的费用，然而现在情况不同了。
In the past, most of the students dropped out because their families couldn’t afford their education cost. However, the situation is different now.
3. 你就是在必要的时候能帮我一把的那个人，你就是确切知道我需要什么的那个人。
You are the person who gives me a hand when necessary. You are the person who knows exactly what I need.
4. 无论如何，只要使用得当，信用卡无须你额外支付分文。至少，它可以帮助你度过经济上的困难时期。
However, if it is used properly, a credit card can cost nothing. At least it can help to get you over a period of financial difficulty.
写作常用句型：放大关键词，扩词成句
近些年高考英语书面表达呈现出了两个特点：
1. 提示情景要点化；
2. 要点关键词化。根据提示关键词的命题特征和趋势，考生围绕关键词必须做到：
（1）增加细节；
（2）扩词成句。做到放大关键词、扩词成句、串词成句，最终实现连句成文。增加细节和扩词成句需要生活经验、多模态形式的语篇知识经验、词汇知识经验；串词成句需要句型知识（五种基本句型、句中句现象、特殊句式、精简句式）；连句成文需要篇章结构知识（语篇结构特征、语篇成分的语义逻辑关系、显性或隐性衔接手段）。
情景提示1 关键词 健身热
1. 放大关键词：可根据这一主题语境，围绕“一种社会趋势、参与群体、普及程度、今昔对比、分析原因、益处、你的呼吁”等角度放大讨论，从而展开表达。
2. 扩词成句，连句成段
3. 情景片段
Nowadays there is an increasing number of people who choose physical exercise of all kinds to keep fit. Not only have the old seen it as a lifestyle through simple dances, but also, to some extent, more youths take challenging and sweating outdoor activities like cycling and hiking on weekends. But it was not the case in the past. Why would they rather give up their weekend relaxation than enjoy indoor laziness? I think reasons vary accordingly.
4. 情景片段精析：
（1）常用句型和短语（地道表达）
① there is存现句
② keep fit健身
③ see…as…把……看作
④ to some extent在某种程度上
⑤ would rather…than… 宁愿……而不……
⑥ give up放弃
⑦ take activities参加活动
（2）情感交流句（拉近与读者的心理距离）
① Why would they rather give up their weekend relaxation than enjoy indoor laziness?
提出问题，唤起大家的注意
② I think reasons vary accordingly.
表达个人主观看法，以求得认同
（3）动词的非谓语形式（高级句式）
① there is an increasing number of people
现在分词作定语
② to keep fit
动词不定式表示目的
③ take challenging and sweating outdoor activities t
现在分词作定语
（4）句中句现象（长句表达：采用词汇、语块手段将更多的信息点囊括到一个句子中）
① Nowadays there is an increasing number of people who choose physical exercise of all kinds to keep fit.
关系代词who引导的定语从句，句中 people是先行词
② Not only have the old seen it as a lifestyle through simple dances, but also, to some extent, more youths take challenging and sweating outdoor activities like cycling and hiking on weekends.
并列连词not only…but also…构成的倒装句式
（5）措辞技巧（灵活的语言）
① Why would they rather give up their weekend relaxation than enjoy indoor laziness?
weekend relaxation与indoor laziness均表示周末可以做的事
② of all kinds与vary均表示“各种各样”
（6）关联词、过渡语（语篇衔接手段）
Nowadays
to some extent
But it was not the case in the past (表示转折，今昔对比)
I think reasons vary accordingly (引出下文)
（7）句式灵活多变（语言能力）
① Nowadays there is an increasing number of people who choose physical exercise of all kinds to keep fit.（存现句）
② Not only have the old seen it as a lifestyle through simple dances, but also, to some extent, more
youths take challenging and sweating outdoor activities like cycling and hiking on weekends. （倒装句式）
③ Why would they rather give up their weekend relaxation than enjoy indoor laziness? （特殊疑问句）
④ But it was not the case in the past. （在文中实现了长短句相互融合的原则）
（8）后置或叠用定语（丰富名词的意义）
① exercise of all kinds 介词短语，描述锻炼的类别
② activities like cycling and hiking 介词短语，举例说明活动的种类
③ challenging and sweating outdoor activities 平实自然的叠词，既能产生鮮明的视觉效应，同时，朗读起来富有节奏感
情景提示2 关键词 困意、低效学习
1. 放大关键词：可围绕“这种现象的主体和场合，导致这种现象的原因，如何缓解或解决这种现象的建议”等角度扩词，展开情景表达。
2. 扩词成句，连句成段
3. 情景片段
Recently some of Senior Three students are found sleepy, absent-minded or depressed in class. What contributes to the present situation? Personally speaking, the following reasons might account for their inattention academically. To begin with, there seems to be too many learning burdens, causing pressure. As a result, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that should have been spent in the rest or hobbies, What’s more, as the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, they have to face the growing pressure due to the increasingly fierce competition under the system of the College Entrance Examination. Last but not least, we can’t deny the family factor. In most cases, parents expect too much of their children, which means greater pressure.
4. 情景片段精析
（1）常用句型和短语（地道表达）
① contribute to影响
② account for sth. 解释某事
③ cause pressure导致压力
④ learning burden学习负担
⑤ take up占用，占据
⑥ draw near临近
⑦ expect sth. of sb. 对某人期望某事
（2）情感交流句（拉近与读者的心理距离）
① What contributes to the present situation?
提出问题，引起读者注意
② Personally speaking, the following reasons might account for their inattention academically.
主观推测，做可能性分析
③ To begin with, there seems to be too many learning burdens, causing pressure.
对客观现象的主观推测
④ As a result, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that they should have been spent in the rest or hobbies.
使用虚拟语气“本应该……”，表示对学生现状的同情
（3）动词的非谓语形式（高级句式）
① there seems to be too many learning burdens causing pressure
现在分词短语作结果状语
② they have to face the growing pressure
现在分词作定语
（4）句中句现象（长句表达）
① As a result, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that should have been spent in the rest or hobbies.
关系代词that引导定语从句
② What’s more, as the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, they have to face the growing pressure due to the increasingly fierce competition under the system of the College Entrance Examination.
从属连词as引导时间状语从句
③ In most cases, Parents expect too much of their children, which means greater pressure.
关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，意为“这一点意味着更大的压力”
（5）灵活多变的句式
整个情景片段采用长短句相互融合进行论述，使句子错落有致，高有变化，读起来朗朗上口。
① Recently some of Senior Three students are found sleepy, absent-minded or depressed in class. 被动句式
② What contributes to the present situation?
特殊疑问句式
③ To begin with, there seems to be too many earning burdens
存现句
④ As a result, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that should have been spent in the rest or hobbies.
被动句式；虚拟语气
（6）高级词汇（遣词造句能力）
contribute to (影响，替换 influence)
account for (可以解释某事的理由)
academically (学习方面，替换 in study)
learning burden (学习负担)
handle (处理，替换 solve)
draw near (临近，替换come)
due to (因为，替换 because of)
fierce competition (激烈的竞争)
expect (期待，替换hope或wish)
（7）措辞技巧
① Recently some of Senior Three students are found sleepy, absent-minded or depressed in class.
absent- minded表示“分心，注意力不集中”
② Personally speaking, the following reasons might account for their inattention academically.
distraction表示“分心，注意力不集中”
③ As a result, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that should have been spent in the rest or hobbies.
take up和spend均表示“占用时间，花费时间”
（8）关联词和过渡语（语篇衔接手段）
Recently (最近)
What contributes to the present situation? （过渡句，承接上下文）
Personally speaking (表达个人观点)
To begin with (首先)
As a result (结果)
What’s more (另外)
Last but not least (最后但同样重要的)
In most cases (在多数情况下)
（答题时间：40分钟）
写作
（一）
假如你是李华，你们班决定组织同学们在农历五月初五端午节时，一起骑自行车去西湖观看龙舟比赛。请你给外教Mr. Smih写封邮件邀请他上午8:00在学校门口集合，和你们一同前往，感受中国传统文化。要点包括：
1. 集合时间、地点；
2. 端午节和龙舟赛的介绍。
参考词汇：农历 the lunar calendar；龙舟the dragon boat
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅。
（二）
请你以李华的名义给《中国日报》（China Daily）英文版写一封信，信的内容为：呼吁人们(包括驾驶员和车上人员)在行车途中不要向窗外乱扔东西。要点
如下：
1. 陈述驾车时向窗外乱扔东西的不文明行为;
2. 开车或坐车时向窗外乱扔东西的危害
3. 提出自己的建议。
注意：
1. 词数：100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3. 文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir or Madam，
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
（一）参考范文
Dear Mr. Smith,
How is everything?
Our class is planning to cycle to the West Lake to watch the dragon boat race on the lunar calendar May 5th, when the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated nationwide. We’ll gather at our school gate at 8: 00 a m. I’d like to invite you to go with us and experience this unique traditional Chinese culture.
The dragon boat race, originally held in memory of the great poet Qu Yuan, and now has become a common practice and developed into a sport. I’m sure it will be exciting and enjoyable. Your presence will certainly add to our pleasure. Would you come and have fun with us?
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
（二）参考范文
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’d like to talk about one kind of uncivilized behavior of people on the road. As we all know, with the development of economy, more and more people can afford to buy private cars. However, one phenomenon should really be paid attention to when driving. That is throwing rubbish out of car windows as they like.
First of all, throwing rubbish out of car windows will surely spoil a city’s look, which is supposed to be clean and tidy. What’s worse, it is very dangerous to do so when driving at a high speed, which may cause severe accidents even deaths, as reported in the news. Besides it also adds to cleaners difficulty to collect them. Even worse, it sometimes threatens their life when collecting them.
All in all, this kind of phenomenon must be prevented. I strongly appeal to all people to stop this kind of uncivilized behavior and the police should give proper punishments for those committing what’s immoral as well.
Yours,
Li Hua
写作常用句型：主从复合句
主从复合句
根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句。
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在主从复合句中的功能相当于名词，分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语，故统称为名词性从句。这四种从句和主句之间不用逗号。
引导名词性从句的引导词主要有以下三种：
① 从属连词：that whether if
② 连接代词：who whom whose what which
③ 连接副词：when why where
引导定语从句、状语从句的引导词有以下几种：
① before (在……之前) whether (不管) after (在…之后) if (假如) since (既然，自从) although (虽然) as soon as(一……就……) because (因为) so (as) long as (只要)
② 关系代词：who whose whom which that as
③ 关系副词：when why where
1. 主语从句
主语从句在句子中作主语，它的位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语的位置相同。
2. 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中起表语作用，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。
3. 宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，它既可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词、非谓语动词的宾语。
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句在句子中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词 (如 thought、idea、fact、news、suggestion、plan、belief、doubt、fear)之后，说明这些名词的含义。引导同位语从句的连词有that、whether或连接副词how、when、where、why等。但大多数是由that引导。
5. 定语从句
定语从句在主从复合句中起修饰、限定作用，修饰主句中的名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关系代词有who、whom、 whose、which、as和that；关系副词有when、where、why等。
6. 状语从句
（1）时间状语从句
由连词when、whenever、as、while、after、before、until、till、since、once、as soon as等引导。
由 the minute、the moment、the instant、immediately、instantly、directly、the day、the week、the year、the first time、any time、next time、every time、each time、the last time、all the time、by the time等引导。
（2）地点状语从句
常由连词where 和wherever引导。
（3）原因状语从句
由because、as、since、now that引导。
（4）目的状语从句
由in case、so that、for fear that等引导，口语中so也可引导目的状语从句。
（5）结果状语从句
由so that、so…that、such…that等引导，口语中so…that、such…that中的that可以省略。
（6）条件状语从句
由if、once、as long as、on condition that、provided that等引导。
（7）方式状语从句
由as、as if、as though等引导。
（8）让步状语从句
由though、although、as、even if、even though、whoever、whatever、however、no matter who (what、how、when)等引导。
（9）比较状语从句
由as…as…、not as/so…as…、than、the more…the more…等引导。
翻译句子
1. 事实上，人工智能很可能在不远的将来走进千家万户。（主语从句）
In fact, it is likely that AI is going to enter thousands of households in the near future.
2. 第一步就是你应该使自己的申请表与简历简明扼要。（表语从句）
The first step is that you should make your application form and resume brief and to the point.
3. 我知道你平时拍的照片很好并且总是想为环保做点事情。（宾语从句）
I know you take good pictures and that you’ve always wanted to do something for environment protection.
4. 不可否认这样一个事实：时间一旦失去，就再也无法弥补。（同位语从句）
There is no denying the fact that once lost, time can never be made up for.
5. 地铁深受公众欢迎，在北京，地铁是一种非常普及的交通工具。（定语从句）
The subway, which is widespread transportation in Beijing, is popular with the public.
6. 随着年龄的增长，我们对时尚的态度可能也会改变。（时间状语从句）
Our attitude towards fashion may change as we are getting older.
7. 暑假开始下暴雨那天，我正好计划着到九寨沟游玩。（时间状语从句）
I was planning to visit Jiuzhai Valley the day the heavy rain began in the summer holiday.
8. 如果我们站在别人的角度上考虑，就会原谅别人。（地点状语从句）
We will forgive others if we stand where they are.
9. 既然任何人一生中都会犯错误，我们最好还是再给他一次机会。（原因状语从句）
Since everybody can make mistakes in life, we might as well give him another chance.
10. 我使出浑身解数往前跑，以免后面的选手赶上我。（目的状语从句）
I ran as fast as I could for fear that I was caught up with by the runner behind me.
11. 小姑娘心地那么好，把自己的座位让给了身边的一位老太太。（结果状语从句）
The girl was so kind that she gave her seat to an old woman standing room.
12. 只要大家紧密团结，我们相信一切皆有可能。（条件状语从句）
So long as we are closely united, we believe that nothing is impossible.
13. 在找到更好的学习方法之前，照老师告诉你的那样去做。（方式状语从句）
Before finding a better learning method, do as the teacher told you.
14. 通常情况下，无论我们工作有多忙，我们都会回家过年。（让步状语从句）
Usually, no matter how busy we are, we will come back home for the Spring Festival.
15. 书总是多得读不完。（比较状语从句）
There have always been more books than anyone could read.
连句成段
1. 尽管有许多困难要克服，但她从没让困难击倒过。相反，她对生活的态度十分坚定。
Although there are lots of difficulties to overcome, she never lets her problems defeat her. Instead, her attitude towards life is firm.
2. 在过去，大部分学生辍学是因为他们的家庭负担不起教育的费用，然而现在情况不同了。
In the past, most of the students dropped out because their families couldn’t afford their education cost. However, the situation is different now.
3. 你就是在必要的时候能帮我一把的那个人，你就是确切知道我需要什么的那个人。
You are the person who gives me a hand when necessary. You are the person who knows exactly what I need.
4. 无论如何，只要使用得当，信用卡无须你额外支付分文。至少，它可以帮助你度过经济上的困难时期。
However, if it is used properly, a credit card can cost nothing. At least it can help to get you over a period of financial difficulty.
写作常用句型：放大关键词，扩词成句
近些年高考英语书面表达呈现出了两个特点：
1. 提示情景要点化；
2. 要点关键词化。根据提示关键词的命题特征和趋势，考生围绕关键词必须做到：
（1）增加细节；
（2）扩词成句。做到放大关键词、扩词成句、串词成句，最终实现连句成文。增加细节和扩词成句需要生活经验、多模态形式的语篇知识经验、词汇知识经验；串词成句需要句型知识（五种基本句型、句中句现象、特殊句式、精简句式）；连句成文需要篇章结构知识（语篇结构特征、语篇成分的语义逻辑关系、显性或隐性衔接手段）。
情景提示1 关键词 健身热
1. 放大关键词：可根据这一主题语境，围绕“一种社会趋势、参与群体、普及程度、今昔对比、分析原因、益处、你的呼吁”等角度放大讨论，从而展开表达。
2. 扩词成句，连句成段
3. 情景片段
Nowadays there is an increasing number of people who choose physical exercise of all kinds to keep fit. Not only have the old seen it as a lifestyle through simple dances, but also, to some extent, more youths take challenging and sweating outdoor activities like cycling and hiking on weekends. But it was not the case in the past. Why would they rather give up their weekend relaxation than enjoy indoor laziness? I think reasons vary accordingly.
4. 情景片段精析：
（1）常用句型和短语（地道表达）
① there is存现句
② keep fit健身
③ see…as…把……看作
④ to some extent在某种程度上
⑤ would rather…than… 宁愿……而不……
⑥ give up放弃
⑦ take activities参加活动
（2）情感交流句（拉近与读者的心理距离）
① Why would they rather give up their weekend relaxation than enjoy indoor laziness?
提出问题，唤起大家的注意
② I think reasons vary accordingly.
表达个人主观看法，以求得认同
（3）动词的非谓语形式（高级句式）
① there is an increasing number of people
现在分词作定语
② to keep fit
动词不定式表示目的
③ take challenging and sweating outdoor activities t
现在分词作定语
（4）句中句现象（长句表达：采用词汇、语块手段将更多的信息点囊括到一个句子中）
① Nowadays there is an increasing number of people who choose physical exercise of all kinds to keep fit.
关系代词who引导的定语从句，句中 people是先行词
② Not only have the old seen it as a lifestyle through simple dances, but also, to some extent, more youths take challenging and sweating outdoor activities like cycling and hiking on weekends.
并列连词not only…but also…构成的倒装句式
（5）措辞技巧（灵活的语言）
① Why would they rather give up their weekend relaxation than enjoy indoor laziness?
weekend relaxation与indoor laziness均表示周末可以做的事
② of all kinds与vary均表示“各种各样”
（6）关联词、过渡语（语篇衔接手段）
Nowadays
to some extent
But it was not the case in the past (表示转折，今昔对比)
I think reasons vary accordingly (引出下文)
（7）句式灵活多变（语言能力）
① Nowadays there is an increasing number of people who choose physical exercise of all kinds to keep fit.（存现句）
② Not only have the old seen it as a lifestyle through simple dances, but also, to some extent, more
youths take challenging and sweating outdoor activities like cycling and hiking on weekends. （倒装句式）
③ Why would they rather give up their weekend relaxation than enjoy indoor laziness? （特殊疑问句）
④ But it was not the case in the past. （在文中实现了长短句相互融合的原则）
（8）后置或叠用定语（丰富名词的意义）
① exercise of all kinds 介词短语，描述锻炼的类别
② activities like cycling and hiking 介词短语，举例说明活动的种类
③ challenging and sweating outdoor activities 平实自然的叠词，既能产生鮮明的视觉效应，同时，朗读起来富有节奏感
情景提示2 关键词 困意、低效学习
1. 放大关键词：可围绕“这种现象的主体和场合，导致这种现象的原因，如何缓解或解决这种现象的建议”等角度扩词，展开情景表达。
2. 扩词成句，连句成段
3. 情景片段
Recently some of Senior Three students are found sleepy, absent-minded or depressed in class. What contributes to the present situation? Personally speaking, the following reasons might account for their inattention academically. To begin with, there seems to be too many learning burdens, causing pressure. As a result, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that should have been spent in the rest or hobbies, What’s more, as the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, they have to face the growing pressure due to the increasingly fierce competition under the system of the College Entrance Examination. Last but not least, we can’t deny the family factor. In most cases, parents expect too much of their children, which means greater pressure.
4. 情景片段精析
（1）常用句型和短语（地道表达）
① contribute to影响
② account for sth. 解释某事
③ cause pressure导致压力
④ learning burden学习负担
⑤ take up占用，占据
⑥ draw near临近
⑦ expect sth. of sb. 对某人期望某事
（2）情感交流句（拉近与读者的心理距离）
① What contributes to the present situation?
提出问题，引起读者注意
② Personally speaking, the following reasons might account for their inattention academically.
主观推测，做可能性分析
③ To begin with, there seems to be too many learning burdens, causing pressure.
对客观现象的主观推测
④ As a result, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that they should have been spent in the rest or hobbies.
使用虚拟语气“本应该……”，表示对学生现状的同情
（3）动词的非谓语形式（高级句式）
① there seems to be too many learning burdens causing pressure
现在分词短语作结果状语
② they have to face the growing pressure
现在分词作定语
（4）句中句现象（长句表达）
① As a result, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that should have been spent in the rest or hobbies.
关系代词that引导定语从句
② What’s more, as the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, they have to face the growing pressure due to the increasingly fierce competition under the system of the College Entrance Examination.
从属连词as引导时间状语从句
③ In most cases, Parents expect too much of their children, which means greater pressure.
关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，意为“这一点意味着更大的压力”
（5）灵活多变的句式
整个情景片段采用长短句相互融合进行论述，使句子错落有致，高有变化，读起来朗朗上口。
① Recently some of Senior Three students are found sleepy, absent-minded or depressed in class. 被动句式
② What contributes to the present situation?
特殊疑问句式
③ To begin with, there seems to be too many earning burdens
存现句
④ As a result, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that should have been spent in the rest or hobbies.
被动句式；虚拟语气
（6）高级词汇（遣词造句能力）
contribute to (影响，替换 influence)
account for (可以解释某事的理由)
academically (学习方面，替换 in study)
learning burden (学习负担)
handle (处理，替换 solve)
draw near (临近，替换come)
due to (因为，替换 because of)
fierce competition (激烈的竞争)
expect (期待，替换hope或wish)
（7）措辞技巧
① Recently some of Senior Three students are found sleepy, absent-minded or depressed in class.
absent- minded表示“分心，注意力不集中”
② Personally speaking, the following reasons might account for their inattention academically.
distraction表示“分心，注意力不集中”
③ As a result, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that should have been spent in the rest or hobbies.
take up和spend均表示“占用时间，花费时间”
（8）关联词和过渡语（语篇衔接手段）
Recently (最近)
What contributes to the present situation? （过渡句，承接上下文）
Personally speaking (表达个人观点)
To begin with (首先)
As a result (结果)
What’s more (另外)
Last but not least (最后但同样重要的)
In most cases (在多数情况下)
（答题时间：40分钟）
写作
（一）
假如你是李华，你们班决定组织同学们在农历五月初五端午节时，一起骑自行车去西湖观看龙舟比赛。请你给外教Mr. Smih写封邮件邀请他上午8:00在学校门口集合，和你们一同前往，感受中国传统文化。要点包括：
1. 集合时间、地点；
2. 端午节和龙舟赛的介绍。
参考词汇：农历 the lunar calendar；龙舟the dragon boat
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅。
（二）
请你以李华的名义给《中国日报》（China Daily）英文版写一封信，信的内容为：呼吁人们(包括驾驶员和车上人员)在行车途中不要向窗外乱扔东西。要点
如下：
1. 陈述驾车时向窗外乱扔东西的不文明行为;
2. 开车或坐车时向窗外乱扔东西的危害
3. 提出自己的建议。
注意：
1. 词数：100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3. 文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir or Madam，
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
（一）参考范文
Dear Mr. Smith,
How is everything?
Our class is planning to cycle to the West Lake to watch the dragon boat race on the lunar calendar May 5th, when the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated nationwide. We’ll gather at our school gate at 8: 00 a m. I’d like to invite you to go with us and experience this unique traditional Chinese culture.
The dragon boat race, originally held in memory of the great poet Qu Yuan, and now has become a common practice and developed into a sport. I’m sure it will be exciting and enjoyable. Your presence will certainly add to our pleasure. Would you come and have fun with us?
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
（二）参考范文
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’d like to talk about one kind of uncivilized behavior of people on the road. As we all know, with the development of economy, more and more people can afford to buy private cars. However, one phenomenon should really be paid attention to when driving. That is throwing rubbish out of car windows as they like.
First of all, throwing rubbish out of car windows will surely spoil a city’s look, which is supposed to be clean and tidy. What’s worse, it is very dangerous to do so when driving at a high speed, which may cause severe accidents even deaths, as reported in the news. Besides it also adds to cleaners difficulty to collect them. Even worse, it sometimes threatens their life when collecting them.
All in all, this kind of phenomenon must be prevented. I strongly appeal to all people to stop this kind of uncivilized behavior and the police should give proper punishments for those committing what’s immoral as well.
Yours,
Li Hua