高中英语人教版（2019）专题课——阅读之细节理解题、推理判断题学案
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| 名称 | 高中英语人教版（2019）专题课——阅读之细节理解题、推理判断题学案 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 56.4KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-02-24 19:32:07 | ||
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阅读全面突破之细节理解题、推理判断题
阅读全面突破之细节理解题
细节理解题考查学生快速捕捉信息，并对信息进行综合分析和归纳的能力。考纲要求考生既能理解具体的事实，又能理解抽象的概念，且能理解某句、某段的含义。此类型的题目，有时比较直接，只要理解字面意思即可作答；有时则比较间接，需要概括、比较、计算后才能作答。
考法透析
高考对英语篇章事实细节的考查主要分为两种情况：一是词语细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；二是隐含细节类，这类题虽然不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲出答案来。细节理解题的常见提问方式有：
What does the writer pay the least attention to?
Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
Which of the following is TRUE/FALSE/NOT true/NOT mentioned?
All of the following statements may be true/false EXCEPT ________.
Which of the following is NOT the result of…?
Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of…?
Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of…/relationship of…?
Which of the following maps shows the right way to…?
Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what…is like?
According to the passage, who/what/which/when/where/why/how/how many/how much/how long/how soon/how often…?
解题步骤
1. 细心审题，带着问题找答案
解答此类题目时，不必通篇细读原文，要采取代入法，即带着问题在原文中寻找答案，先从问题中找出关键词。然后进行信息定位，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找相关信息。
2. 变通理解，间接转述各选项
根据所找信息，分析选项。对比其中所用词汇，进行变通。避免错选答案。
3. 多方归纳，综合事实定答案
细节理解题有时考査的不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合，这时要有足够的耐心，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切不可草率地进行选择。
方法攻略
1. 使用查读法
解细节理解题要学会利用一大利器：査读法(scanning)。解题时，不必通篇细看原文，可以采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句；然后仔细品味，多点分析，综合分析，变通理解和判断，最后确定答案。
运用查读法要注意：首先要略读阅读材料，将注意力集中在与who，what，when， where问题有关的细节和数字方面。对一些细节，可一边阅读一边概括归纳，尽力记住这些主要细节，并留心它们所在的位置。然后浏览材料并反复阅读材料，复读时通篇跳读，寻找与问题相关的细节。最后解答问题，确定答案。
在平时的备考训练中，应学会运用查读法，学会快速辨认和记忆事实和细节。注意细节题干扰项的特点：①是原文信息，但非题目要求的内容；②符合常识，但非文章内容；③与原句极为相似，只是略微有些变动，但在意思上大相径庭；④部分正确，部分错误。
2. 把握解题的顺序原则
一般来说，隐含题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围，大大提高效率。我们做题时可以采用步步为营法，看一题做一题。
3. 通过定位词寻找出题点
定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法中最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者适用于解答主旨大意题。通过定位词解题，就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速地把题干中有标记意义的词或词组画出来，然后将这个词或词组回到原文当中定位。
4. 学会利用排除法
排除法是解答阅读理解题的另一个重要的方法。因为有的时候如果是给填空题让我们做，我们也许不能填出正确答案，但是如果给出四个选项让我们选的话，我们可以通过对比排除错误选项。那么怎样通过排除法做题呢?
①正确选项的特征
正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如換一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。
②错误选项的特征
张冠李戴：把A事物的特点说成是B事物的，企图混淆视听。
断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意进行歪曲的理解。
过度猜测：文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。
（高考真题）
What’s On?
Electric Underground
7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre
Do you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract（合同）? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music.
Gee Whizz
8.30pm－10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope
Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks（快餐）.
Simon’s Workshop
5.00pm－7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage
This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.
Charlotte Stone
8.00pm－11.00pm Pizza World
Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta（面食）. Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.
1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?
A. Jules Skye. B. Gee Whizz. C. Charlotte Stone. D. James Pickering.
2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?
A. The Cyclops Theatre B. Kaleidoscope
C. Victoria Stage D. Pizza World
3. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?
A. It requires membership status. B. It lasts three hours each time.
C. It is run by a comedy club. D. It is held every Wednesday.
4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?
A. 5.00pm－7.30pm. B. 7.30pm－1.00am.
C. 8.00pm－11.00pm. D. 8.30pm－10.30pm.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇由四则广告组成的应用文。文章分别介绍了一个讲座、一个喜剧演员的演出、一个喜剧演员的工作室以及一个有爵士乐和美食的好去处。
1. A 解析：细节理解题。从题干的 have your music produced判断本题的答案出处在第一则广告，该广告说，“你是否有兴趣成为音乐人，得到录制唱片的合同？”然后说晚上7点半有Jules Skye的报告，因此选A项Jules Skye。根据本广告最后一句话也可得出答案。
2. B 解析：细节理解题。带着题干的“不同年龄的人欢笑”这个信息，我们去这几则广告中寻找相关信息。答案在第二则广告里，该广告说， Gee Whizz是最滑稽的单口喜剧演员(stand up comedian)，他的表演能够让所有人快乐，下至孩童上到老人(from the youngest to the oldest) 表演的地点是 Kaleidoscope，因此选B项。
3. D 解析：细节理解题。本题涉及第三则广告的相关信息。从5.00pm—7.30 pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage可以判断，该活动每个星期三举办，故D项正确。每次两个半小时，排除B项；文章没有提到需要有会员资格，排除A项；也没有提到喜剧俱乐部，排除C项。
4. C 解析：细节理解题。从题干可知解本题的信息来自最后一则广告，该广告开头就交代了时间：晚上8点到11点，因此选C项。
阅读全面突破之推理判断题
推理判断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对文中细节的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析做出判新和推理，从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力和考生的识别能力。简单的推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话或某一段落，要求考生在遵循原文意思的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。而较复杂的题目常常在理解全文的内容和结构的基础上，进行逻辑推理。
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的试题，包括推理题和判断题。该题型最能考查考生的英语综合运用能力，主要考査考生根据文章字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，从而理解文章的寓意等的能力。该类题常用infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpose等词提问，或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can, could, might, would等，及其他表示可能性的副词（词组），如 probably, most likely等。
考法透析
1. 考查隐含意义的推断
It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage/text that ________.
According to…, we can infer that ________.
From the text we know that…is most likely ________.
The writer suggests that ________.
The story implies that ________.
We can infer/conclude from the passage that ________.
2. 考查作者观点的推断
The writer thought that ________.
What is the author’s attitude toward…?
According to the author, ________.
The writer’s attitude toward… is ________.
3. 考查写作目的的推断
The writer writes this passage in order to ________.
The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to ________.
What is the purpose of writing this article?
In writing the passage, the author intends to ________.
The writer uses the example of…to show that ________.
The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ________.
…are mentioned in the first paragraph to ________.
4. 考查文章出处的推断
The passage is most likely to be taken from ________.
Where would this passage most probably appear?
The passage is most likely a part of ________.
解题方法
1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。
做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。
做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。
3. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。
作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的结论中，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者总结全文的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词。
4. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。
逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路，预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可按事件发展的经过描写，也可按因果关系、对比关系来描写。
5. 结合已有的知识进行推断。
知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自已掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得到符合文章题意的结论的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都是针对细节，解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识，而且需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.
“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”
Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.
1. Why was Garza’s move a success？
A. It strengthened her family ties.
B. It improved her living conditions.
C. It enabled her make more friends.
D. It helped her know more new places.
2. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?
A. 17% expressed their support for it.
B. Few people responded sympathetically.
C. 83% believed it had a bad influence.
D. The majority thought it was a trend.
3. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s？
A. They were unsure of raise more children.
B. They were eager to raise more children.
C. They wanted to live away from their parents.
D. They bad little respect for their grandparent.
4. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph？
A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own.
B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.
C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.
D. Get to know themselves better.
【语篇解读】文章主要论述了美国老人该不该帮子女带孩子。
1. A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的…giving them a closer relationship…可知， Garza搬去和晚辈同住后，他们的关系更亲密了，这与A项的表述“这加强了她的家庭关系”相吻合，故选A项。B、C、D三项表述的内容在文中未提及。
2. D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的...83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family.可知，83％的人认为Mrs. Robinson的决定将影响美国家庭的祖父母，但没说这有不好的影响，故排除C项；由此句也可判断出，17％的人对她的决定是持反对意见或是保持中立态度，而不是支持，故排除A项；根据第二段中的Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.可知，三分之二的人认为更多的家庭将效仿奥巴马的家庭，由此可知大多数人认为它是一种趋势，故选D项，排除B项。
3. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句 In the1960 s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own…可知，在20世纪60年代，人们都有点儿不安分，急于“远走高飞”来证明自己的能力，这与C项的表述“他们想远离父母生活”相吻合，故选C项。A、B、D三项表述的内容在文中未提及。
4. A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 Moving is not for everyone以及 it is wiser to say no and visit frequently可知，作者建议老年人从自己的利益出发，做出选择，A项的表述与此相吻合。根据 visit frequently可知，文中指的是祖父母常去看看晚辈，而不是B项的“让他们的孩子多多探望他们”，故B项表述有误；文中虽然有 is willing to make sacrifices和your adult child is struggling，但并不是要让祖父母为晚辈做出牺牲，故C项错误；D项在文中未提及。
阅读全面突破之细节理解题
细节理解题考查学生快速捕捉信息，并对信息进行综合分析和归纳的能力。考纲要求考生既能理解具体的事实，又能理解抽象的概念，且能理解某句、某段的含义。此类型的题目，有时比较直接，只要理解字面意思即可作答；有时则比较间接，需要概括、比较、计算后才能作答。
考法透析
高考对英语篇章事实细节的考查主要分为两种情况：一是词语细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；二是隐含细节类，这类题虽然不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲出答案来。细节理解题的常见提问方式有：
What does the writer pay the least attention to?
Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
Which of the following is TRUE/FALSE/NOT true/NOT mentioned?
All of the following statements may be true/false EXCEPT ________.
Which of the following is NOT the result of…?
Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of…?
Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of…/relationship of…?
Which of the following maps shows the right way to…?
Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what…is like?
According to the passage, who/what/which/when/where/why/how/how many/how much/how long/how soon/how often…?
解题步骤
1. 细心审题，带着问题找答案
解答此类题目时，不必通篇细读原文，要采取代入法，即带着问题在原文中寻找答案，先从问题中找出关键词。然后进行信息定位，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找相关信息。
2. 变通理解，间接转述各选项
根据所找信息，分析选项。对比其中所用词汇，进行变通。避免错选答案。
3. 多方归纳，综合事实定答案
细节理解题有时考査的不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合，这时要有足够的耐心，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切不可草率地进行选择。
方法攻略
1. 使用查读法
解细节理解题要学会利用一大利器：査读法(scanning)。解题时，不必通篇细看原文，可以采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句；然后仔细品味，多点分析，综合分析，变通理解和判断，最后确定答案。
运用查读法要注意：首先要略读阅读材料，将注意力集中在与who，what，when， where问题有关的细节和数字方面。对一些细节，可一边阅读一边概括归纳，尽力记住这些主要细节，并留心它们所在的位置。然后浏览材料并反复阅读材料，复读时通篇跳读，寻找与问题相关的细节。最后解答问题，确定答案。
在平时的备考训练中，应学会运用查读法，学会快速辨认和记忆事实和细节。注意细节题干扰项的特点：①是原文信息，但非题目要求的内容；②符合常识，但非文章内容；③与原句极为相似，只是略微有些变动，但在意思上大相径庭；④部分正确，部分错误。
2. 把握解题的顺序原则
一般来说，隐含题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围，大大提高效率。我们做题时可以采用步步为营法，看一题做一题。
3. 通过定位词寻找出题点
定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法中最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者适用于解答主旨大意题。通过定位词解题，就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速地把题干中有标记意义的词或词组画出来，然后将这个词或词组回到原文当中定位。
4. 学会利用排除法
排除法是解答阅读理解题的另一个重要的方法。因为有的时候如果是给填空题让我们做，我们也许不能填出正确答案，但是如果给出四个选项让我们选的话，我们可以通过对比排除错误选项。那么怎样通过排除法做题呢?
①正确选项的特征
正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如換一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。
②错误选项的特征
张冠李戴：把A事物的特点说成是B事物的，企图混淆视听。
断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意进行歪曲的理解。
过度猜测：文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。
（高考真题）
What’s On?
Electric Underground
7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre
Do you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract（合同）? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music.
Gee Whizz
8.30pm－10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope
Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks（快餐）.
Simon’s Workshop
5.00pm－7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage
This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.
Charlotte Stone
8.00pm－11.00pm Pizza World
Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta（面食）. Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.
1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?
A. Jules Skye. B. Gee Whizz. C. Charlotte Stone. D. James Pickering.
2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?
A. The Cyclops Theatre B. Kaleidoscope
C. Victoria Stage D. Pizza World
3. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?
A. It requires membership status. B. It lasts three hours each time.
C. It is run by a comedy club. D. It is held every Wednesday.
4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?
A. 5.00pm－7.30pm. B. 7.30pm－1.00am.
C. 8.00pm－11.00pm. D. 8.30pm－10.30pm.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇由四则广告组成的应用文。文章分别介绍了一个讲座、一个喜剧演员的演出、一个喜剧演员的工作室以及一个有爵士乐和美食的好去处。
1. A 解析：细节理解题。从题干的 have your music produced判断本题的答案出处在第一则广告，该广告说，“你是否有兴趣成为音乐人，得到录制唱片的合同？”然后说晚上7点半有Jules Skye的报告，因此选A项Jules Skye。根据本广告最后一句话也可得出答案。
2. B 解析：细节理解题。带着题干的“不同年龄的人欢笑”这个信息，我们去这几则广告中寻找相关信息。答案在第二则广告里，该广告说， Gee Whizz是最滑稽的单口喜剧演员(stand up comedian)，他的表演能够让所有人快乐，下至孩童上到老人(from the youngest to the oldest) 表演的地点是 Kaleidoscope，因此选B项。
3. D 解析：细节理解题。本题涉及第三则广告的相关信息。从5.00pm—7.30 pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage可以判断，该活动每个星期三举办，故D项正确。每次两个半小时，排除B项；文章没有提到需要有会员资格，排除A项；也没有提到喜剧俱乐部，排除C项。
4. C 解析：细节理解题。从题干可知解本题的信息来自最后一则广告，该广告开头就交代了时间：晚上8点到11点，因此选C项。
阅读全面突破之推理判断题
推理判断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对文中细节的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析做出判新和推理，从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力和考生的识别能力。简单的推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话或某一段落，要求考生在遵循原文意思的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。而较复杂的题目常常在理解全文的内容和结构的基础上，进行逻辑推理。
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的试题，包括推理题和判断题。该题型最能考查考生的英语综合运用能力，主要考査考生根据文章字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，从而理解文章的寓意等的能力。该类题常用infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpose等词提问，或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can, could, might, would等，及其他表示可能性的副词（词组），如 probably, most likely等。
考法透析
1. 考查隐含意义的推断
It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage/text that ________.
According to…, we can infer that ________.
From the text we know that…is most likely ________.
The writer suggests that ________.
The story implies that ________.
We can infer/conclude from the passage that ________.
2. 考查作者观点的推断
The writer thought that ________.
What is the author’s attitude toward…?
According to the author, ________.
The writer’s attitude toward… is ________.
3. 考查写作目的的推断
The writer writes this passage in order to ________.
The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to ________.
What is the purpose of writing this article?
In writing the passage, the author intends to ________.
The writer uses the example of…to show that ________.
The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ________.
…are mentioned in the first paragraph to ________.
4. 考查文章出处的推断
The passage is most likely to be taken from ________.
Where would this passage most probably appear?
The passage is most likely a part of ________.
解题方法
1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。
做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。
做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。
3. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。
作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的结论中，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者总结全文的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词。
4. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。
逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路，预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可按事件发展的经过描写，也可按因果关系、对比关系来描写。
5. 结合已有的知识进行推断。
知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自已掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得到符合文章题意的结论的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都是针对细节，解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识，而且需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.
“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”
Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.
1. Why was Garza’s move a success？
A. It strengthened her family ties.
B. It improved her living conditions.
C. It enabled her make more friends.
D. It helped her know more new places.
2. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?
A. 17% expressed their support for it.
B. Few people responded sympathetically.
C. 83% believed it had a bad influence.
D. The majority thought it was a trend.
3. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s？
A. They were unsure of raise more children.
B. They were eager to raise more children.
C. They wanted to live away from their parents.
D. They bad little respect for their grandparent.
4. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph？
A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own.
B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.
C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.
D. Get to know themselves better.
【语篇解读】文章主要论述了美国老人该不该帮子女带孩子。
1. A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的…giving them a closer relationship…可知， Garza搬去和晚辈同住后，他们的关系更亲密了，这与A项的表述“这加强了她的家庭关系”相吻合，故选A项。B、C、D三项表述的内容在文中未提及。
2. D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的...83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family.可知，83％的人认为Mrs. Robinson的决定将影响美国家庭的祖父母，但没说这有不好的影响，故排除C项；由此句也可判断出，17％的人对她的决定是持反对意见或是保持中立态度，而不是支持，故排除A项；根据第二段中的Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.可知，三分之二的人认为更多的家庭将效仿奥巴马的家庭，由此可知大多数人认为它是一种趋势，故选D项，排除B项。
3. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句 In the1960 s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own…可知，在20世纪60年代，人们都有点儿不安分，急于“远走高飞”来证明自己的能力，这与C项的表述“他们想远离父母生活”相吻合，故选C项。A、B、D三项表述的内容在文中未提及。
4. A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 Moving is not for everyone以及 it is wiser to say no and visit frequently可知，作者建议老年人从自己的利益出发，做出选择，A项的表述与此相吻合。根据 visit frequently可知，文中指的是祖父母常去看看晚辈，而不是B项的“让他们的孩子多多探望他们”，故B项表述有误；文中虽然有 is willing to make sacrifices和your adult child is struggling，但并不是要让祖父母为晚辈做出牺牲，故C项错误；D项在文中未提及。