2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺
专题08
【情态动词和虚拟语气】语法增分攻略解析版
解题指导·触类旁通
寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”
如何判定情态动词和虚拟语气
一、意义和语气判断法
所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在解答此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。
【例1】(浙江卷)
George
____________(not
go)
too
far.
His
coffee
is
still
warm.
【分析】can’t/couldn’t
have
gone 由下文的His
coffee
is
still
warm.可以看出，乔治应该是刚离开，不可能走太远，表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测，故填can’t/couldn’t
have
gone。
二、时间判断法
虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。
【例2】 (天津卷)I
wish
I
____________(be)
at
my
sister’s
wedding
last
Tuesday,
but
I
was
on
a
business
trip
in
New
York
then.
【分析】 had
been 句意：我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在纽约出差。根据句中的but可知“我参加了妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设，根据空后的时间状语last
Tuesday可知，动作发生在过去，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语用“had＋过去分词”结构。故填had
been。
三、情态动词和虚拟语气增分攻略
①情态动词不能单独作谓语，需和后面的实义动词或be动词构成谓语：情态动词＋do/be；表对过去的猜测时用“情态动词＋have
done”。
②情态动词后应接动词原形，后接形容词或名词时需与系动词be构成系表结构。
③注意虚拟语气be动词通常用were。
④suggest、
order、
require、
insist等表建议、命令、要求和坚决要求的动作后的宾语从句常用“should
＋动词原形”结构，should可以省略。
⑤虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的情况进行的虚拟，判断出时间后再根据相应的句型确定谓语动词的形式。
⑥牢记几个句式：
①would
rather
that
...
did
(与现在或将来相反)/had
done
(与过去相反);
②It’s
(high)
time
that
...
did/should
do
③wish
that＋
...
would/could
do
(与将来事实相反)；
wish
that＋
...
did/were(与现在事实相反)；
wish
that＋
...
had
done
(与过去事实相反)
考点突破·针对提能
明考点，攻重难，有效提升
考点一
情态动词的基本用法
一、can和could的用法
1．表示“能力”，意为“能，会”。
(北京卷)Samuel,
the
tallest
boy
in
our
class,
can
easily
reach
the
books
on
the
top
shelf. 塞缪尔是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻易地够着书架顶层的书。
(湖北卷)It
was
several
minutes
before
I
could
take
in
what
he
was
saying.
过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。
【名师点津】
was/were
able
to表示过去有能力做并且成功做了某事，相当于managed
to
do
sth./succeeded
in
doing
sth.。
The
fire
spread
through
the
hotel
very
quickly
but
everyone
was
able
to
get
out.
尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出来。
2．表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句或疑问句中。can比could语气强。
That
can’t
be
Mary—she
is
in
London
now.
那不可能是玛丽——现在她在伦敦。
3．表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时候可能会”，用于肯定句。
(2018·北京卷)In
today’s
information
age,
the
loss
of
data
can
cause
serious
problems
for
a
company.
在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。
4．表示礼貌地请求，意为“能，可以”。在疑问句中could可代替can,
语气更委婉。
(江苏卷)
—Can
you
tell
us
your
recipe
for
happiness
and
a
long
life？
—你能告诉我们你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗？
—Living
every
day
to
the
full,
definitely.
—过好每一天。
5．用于固定句式：cannot...too/enough
“无论……也不过分；越……越好……”。
(陕西卷)I
can’t
thank
you
too
much
for
all
your
help
to
my
son
while
we
were
away
from
home.
我非常感谢你，在我们不在家时帮助我的儿子。
二、may和might的用法
1.
表示许可和请求，在疑问句中might比may的语气更委婉。
(北京卷)Might/May
I
have
a
word
with
you?
It
won’t
take
long.
我可以和你说句话吗？不会耽误你很长时间。
2．表示推测，意为“可能，或许”，通常用于肯定句和否定句中。
(湖南卷)If
you
forgot
to
turn
it
off
when
you
went
away,
you
might
burn
down
the
house.
当你离开时如果忘记关掉它，你可能会烧毁整座房子。
3．用于固定句式：may
as
well＋动词原形，意为
“最好；倒不如……”。
Since
it
is
raining
hard,
you
may
as
well
stay
here.
既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。
三、must的用法
1．表示义务、必要性等，意为“必须”。其否定式mustn’t
意为“禁止”。
(北京卷)
—Can’t
you
stay
a
little
longer?
—难道你不能再多待一会儿吗？
—It’s
getting
late.I
really
must
go
now.My
daughter
is
home
alone.
—时间不早了。现在我确实得走了。我的女儿独自一人在家呢。
2．表示猜测、推测，意为“想必，一定”。must常用于肯定句中。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时，用must
do；对正在进行的事进行猜测时，用must
be
doing；对已经发生的事进行猜测时，用must
have
done。
(重庆卷)You
must
be
Carol.You
haven’t
changed
a
bit
after
all
these
years.
你一定是卡罗尔。这么多年你一点都没变。
3.
表示偏执，固执，意为“非得，偏要”。
(辽宁卷)If
you
must
go,
at
least
wait
until
the
storm
is
over.
如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。
四、shall的用法
1．用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
(江西卷)Shall
I
tell
Brett
to
come
over
straight
after
school
tomorrow?
要我告诉布雷特明天放学后以后直接过来吗？
2．用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
(辽宁卷)One
of
our
rules
is
that
every
student
shall
wear
school
uniform
while
at
school. 我们有一条规定，那就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。
五、should的用法
1．表示劝告和建议，意为“应该”。
I
don’t
think
you
should
give
up
the
opportunity
to
go
to
university
which
you
have
been
dreaming
about.
我认为你不应该放弃你一直以来梦想的上大学的机会。
2．表示推测、可能性、或预期，意为“应该；可能”。
He
should
be
here
on
time—he
started
early
enough.
他应该按时到这里的——他很早就出发了。
3．用于表示感情或意志等的that从句中，意为“竟然……；居然……”。
(2018·江苏卷)It’s
strange
that
he
should
have
taken
the
books
without
the
owner’s
permission. 简直是太奇怪了，他竟然未得到主人的允许就把这些书拿走了。
六、will和would的用法
1．表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去。
I
have
told
him
again
and
again
to
stop
smoking,
but
he
will
not
listen.
我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。
2．表示习惯性的动作，意为“总是”，will指现在，would指过去。
(四川卷)I
still
remember
my
happy
childhood
when
my
mother
would
take
me
to
Disneyland
at
weekends.
我仍旧记得快乐的童年，那时我妈妈经常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。
3．表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比will语气委婉。
Will/Would
you
please
let
me
have
a
look
at
your
new
watch？
请让我看看你的新手表好吗？
七、need的用法
need表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，needn’t表示“不必”。need
作实义动词时，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，有人称、数和时态的变化；其后可接名词、代词、带to的不定式或动名词作宾语。
(天津卷)My
room
is
a
mess,
but
I
needn’t
clean
it
before
I
go
out
tonight.I
can
do
it
in
the
morning.
我的房间里乱糟糟的，不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要打扫，我可以上午再打扫。
Since
you
know
it
already,
we
don’t
need
to
keep
it
a
secret. 既然你已经知道了，我们就没有必要保密了。
八、dare的用法
dare意为“敢，敢于”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后接动词原形。作实义动词时，在肯定句中通常接带to的不定式，在疑问句和否定句中，dare之后的不定式可省略。
How
dare
you
leave
your
home
without
your
parents’
permission?
在没有征得你父母同意的情况下你怎么敢离开家？
Most
people
hate
Harry
but
they
don’t
dare
to
say
so.
大多数人对哈利敢怒不敢言。
考点二
情态动词＋have
done
对过去的推测
must
have
done
一定做过某事(肯定句)
can/could
have
done
过去不可能做过某事(否定句)
过去可能做过某事吗？(疑问句)
may/might
have
done
过去可能做过某事(肯定句)
过去可能没有做过某事(否定句)
对过去情况的后悔、遗憾或责备
could
have
done
本来能够做但却未做
should
have
done
本来应该做但是实际上未做
shouldn’t
have
done
本来不应该做而实际上做了
needn’t
have
done
本来没必要做却做了
(2019·天津卷)Paul
did
a
great
job
in
the
speech
contest.He
must
have
practised
many
times
last
week.
保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上周一定练习了很多次。
(福建卷)
—Sorry,
Mum！I
failed
the
job
interview
again.
—对不起，妈妈！我工作面试又失败了。
—Oh,
it’s
too
bad.You
should
have
made
full
preparations.
—哦，太糟糕了。你本应该做好充分的准备。
考点三
if条件句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气
主句谓语动词
从句谓语动词
虚拟现在
should/would/
could/might＋do
过去式(be用were)
虚拟过去
should/would/could/
might＋have
done
had＋过去分词
虚拟将来
should/would/
could/might＋do
过去式/were
to
do/should
do
(2018·北京卷)They
might
have
found
a
better
hotel
if
they
had
driven
a
few
more
kilometers. 如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。
(北京卷)We
would
be
back
in
the
hotel
now
if
you
didn’t
lose
the
map.
如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。
【名师点津】
(1)在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，谓语动词含有had,
were,
should时，可以把if省略，将had,
were,
should提到句首，变成倒装句。
(江苏卷)Were
it
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
如果没有老师的帮助，这个学生克服不了她的困难。
(江苏卷)It
might
have
saved
me
some
trouble
had
I
known
the
schedule.
要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。
(2)如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语，并且动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
(北京卷)
Maybe
if
I
had
studied
science,
and
not
literature
then,
I
would
be
able
to
give
you
more
help.
也许如果当时我学的是理科不是文科的话，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。
考点四
含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有without(要是)没有，but
for要不是，otherwise/or否则等。
(2019·天津卷)The
workers
were
not
better
organized,
otherwise
they
would
have
accomplished
the
task
in
half
the
time. 工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。
(江苏卷)Many
of
the
things
we
now
benefit
from
would
not
be
around
but
for
Thomas
Edison. 要不是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中获益的很多东西就不会存在。
考点五
虚拟语气在从句中的运用
一、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1．在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后接宾语从句，以及这些动词的名词后接同位语或表语从句，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的此类动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order,
command)、三要求(require,
demand,
request)、四建议(suggest,
advise,
propose,
recommend)。
(江苏卷)She
suggested
that
Dale
(should)
join
the
debating
team,
believing
that
practice
in
speaking
could
give
him
the
confidence
and
recognition
that
he
needed.
她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。
He
insisted
that
the
problem
(should)
be
discussed
at
the
meeting. 、
他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。
My
suggestion
was
that
necessary
measures
(should)be
taken
to
protect
the
children
from
dangerous
situations.
我的建议是采取必要措施来保护孩子们远离危险的境遇。
【名师点津】
当suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”时，从句要用陈述语气。
His
silence
suggested
that
he
agreed
with
my
decision.
他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。
He
insisted
that
he
hadn’t
stolen
the
money.
他坚持说他没有偷过钱。
2．在“It
is/was＋adj./done＋that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的形容词或过去分词有important,
necessary,
strange,
suggested,
ordered,
advised,
requested,
demanded
等。
It
is
necessary
that
we
(should)
clean
the
room
every
day.
我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。
It
is
required
that
middle
school
students
(should)
take
at
least
one
hour
exercise
every
day.
中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。
3．wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气：
情况
从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反
had＋过去分词
与将来事实相反
would/could/might＋动词原形
(2018·江苏卷)There
is
a
good
social
life
in
the
village,
and
I
wish
I
had
a
second
chance
to
become
more
involved.
这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己还能有机会去更多地参与其中。
I
wish
I
had
told
him
the
way
to
the
supermarket.
我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
4．would
rather所接的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来的虚拟；从句谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟。
(陕西卷)We
would
rather
our
daughter
stayed
at
home
with
us,
but
it
is
her
choice,
and
she
is
not
a
child
any
longer.
我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。
二、3个固定句式中的虚拟语气
句式
现在虚拟
过去虚拟
将来虚拟
if
only引导的条件句及感叹句
过去式
had＋过去分词
would/could/might＋动词原形
as
if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句
过去式
had＋过去分词
would/could/might＋动词原形
It
is
(high)
time
that...
过去式或should＋动词原形
(2019·天津卷)Mary’s
description
of
the
party
was
so
vivid
that
I
felt
as
if
I
had
been
there. 玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。
It
is
high
time
that
we
took/should
take
some
measures
to
solve
the
problem.
确实到了我们采取措施解决这个问题的时候了。
Look
at
the
trouble
we
are
in.
If
only
we
had
taken
our
teacher’s
advice!
看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！
【名师点津】
当as
if/though引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。
跟踪检测·迁移应用
练模拟，练规范，夯基提能
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.The
workers
were
not
better
organized，otherwise
they
would
________
(accomplish)
the
task
in
half
the
time.
2.
What
a
pity!
You
missed
the
sightseeing,
or
we
would
________
(have)
a
good
time
together.
3.
I
________
(hope)
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage,
but
I
couldn't
manage
it.
4.
Days
later,
my
brother
called
to
say
he
was
all
right,
but
wouldn’t
say
where
he
was.
5.Grace
doesn’t
want
to
move
to
New
York
because
she
thinks
if
she
were
to
live
there,
she
wouldn’t
be
able
to
see
her
parents
very
often.
【答案详解】
1.答案：have
accomplished 解析
句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务了。根据空前的“The
workers
were
not
better
organized”可知，这是对过去情况的含蓄的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构相当于：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时＋其他，主句：主语＋should(would,
could,
might)＋现在完成时＋其他，设空前已有would,
故填have
accomplished。
2.答案：have
had 解析
句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据语境可知该句是对过去事实的虚拟，表与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时＋其他，主句：主语＋should
(would,
could,
might)＋现在完成时＋其他，设空前已有would,
故填have
had。
3.答案：had
hoped 解析：根据but后的
“couldn't
manage
it”可知，此处表过去本想做某事而没做成，
应用过去完成时，填had
hoped。intend、mean、hope、want、plan、think等动词的过去完成时，可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法等。
4.
答案：would 解析：情态动词表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去。句意：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。
5.答案：were
to
live
解析：考察if条件句中的虚拟语气，对于将来的虚拟用动词过
去式/were
to
do/should
do,
此处用were
+to
+动词原形。句意：格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。
II.精选典题情态动词和虚拟语气专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6．In
today’s
information
age,
the
loss
of
data
________
cause
serious
problems
for
a
company.
7．I
can't
find
my
purse.
I
might
________
(leave)
it
in
the
supermarket
yesterday,
but
I'm
not
sure.
8．They
might
have
found
a
better
hotel
if
they
________
(drive)
a
few
more
kilometers.
9．There
is
a
good
social
life
in
the
village,
and
I
wish
I
________
(have)
a
second
chance
to
become
more
involved.
10．If
we
________
(catch)
the
flight
yesterday，we
would
be
enjoying
our
holiday
on
the
beach
now.
【答案详解】
6.答案：can 解析
：句意为“在当今信息时代，丢失数据有可能给公司带来严重的问题”。can表客观可能性“有时可能”。
7.答案：have
left 解析根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，该处是对过去事实的假设，应用“情态动词＋have
done”，设空前已有might，故填have
left。
8.答案：had
driven 解析：
句意为“如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆”。由主句谓语“might
have
found”可知，if从句是对过去事实的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时，故填had
driven。
9.答案：had 解析：句意为“在这个村里有很好的社交生活，我希望我能再有机会去更多地参与”。wish后为宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时，故填had。
10.答案：had
caught 解析
句意为“如果我们昨天赶上了航班，现在我们就应该在沙滩上享受假期了”。根据句中的yesterday和would
be
enjoying可知，从句是对过去事实的假设，应用过去完成时，填had
caught。
III.精选典题情态动词和虚拟语气专题对点训练·单句改错
11.
No
matter
how
many
times
I
asked
to
watch
them,
my
parents
would
not
to
let
me.
12.
We
can
chose
between
staying
at
home
and
taking
a
trip.
13.
Some
classmates
suggest
we
can
go
to
places
of
interest
nearby.
14.You
can
order
a
pizza,
while
your
friends
may
choose
Japanese
food,
Chinese
food
or
a
hamburger.
But
all
of
you
must
have
meals
together
at
Take
In.
15.I’d
rather
he
went
to
the
seaside
with
me
the
day
before
yesterday.
【答案详解】
11.答案：去掉第2个to 解析：情态动词之后不能接动词不定式，应接动词原形，故去掉to。
12.
答案：chose→choose 解析：情态动词can后应用动词原形，而chose为choose的过去式，故将chose改为choose。choose的过去式和过去分词形式分别是chose、chosen。
13.答案：去掉can或can→should 解析：suggest作为“建议”讲时，其后接的宾语从句谓语通常用“(should＋)动词原形”，故此处可去掉can或将can改为should。
14.答案：must→can 解析：根据语境“你们所有的人都能在这个饭店用餐”可知此处表“可以”，不表“必须”
故must改为can。
15.答案：went→had
gone
解析：句意为“要是他前天和我一起去海边就好了。”would
rather所接的宾语从句中，谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟。
IV.
精选典题情态动词和虚拟语气专题对点训练·短文语法填空
A
Tom:
Hi,Mr
Smith.
16.
you
give
me
a
hand?
Mr.
Smith:
Of
course.You
17.
hesitate
to
ask
me
for
help.What's
the
matter
with
you?
Tom:
My
mum
is
always
complaining
about
my
going
back
home
late
after
school.
Mr.
Smith:
What
do
you
usually
do
after
school?
Tom:
I
usually
go
to
the
playground
to
play
basketball.But
I
know
that
I
18.
go
home
first.
Mr.
Smith:Why
don't
you
go
home
directly?
Tom:
My
mother
usually
says:"Every
student
19.
do
their
homework
first
after
school,
and
that
is
a
rule
for
all
of
you
students".You
see,if
I
20.
(do)my
homework
first
now,I
couldn't
have
a
rest
and
relax.I
am
so
tired.
Mr.Smith:
Both
you
and
your
mum
are
reasonable.As
a
mother,she
believes
that
you
21.
never
work
too
hard,while
you
think
you
need
some
time
to
have
a
rest.Does
your
mother
know
what
you
think?
Tom:
No.Even
if
I
22.
(tell)her
before,she
wouldn't
have
understood
it.
Mr.Smith:
I
don't
think
you
are
right.I
think
you
should
tell
your
mother
what
you
think
and
she
would
understand
you.
Besides,you
had
better
not
hide
your
feelings
from
your
mother
and
you
23.
as
well
learn
to
communicate
with
her.
Tom:
Thank
you
for
your
advice.It
is
high
time
I
24.
(talk)with
her.
Mr.Smith:
I
25.
agree
more.
【语篇解读】本文为汤姆和史密斯老师就汤姆的妈妈抱怨他放学后不按时回家而进行的对话。
16.答案：Can
解析：can
在这里表示请求帮助，意为“能”。
17.答案：needn’t
解析：本句句意：你向我求助时不必犹豫。needn’t不必。
18.答案：should
解析：句意：但是我知道我应该先回家。should应该。
19.答案：shall
解析：shall
与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句中时，可用来介绍法规、规定的内容。
20.答案：did
解析：根据上下文逻辑及后面句子中的
couldn’t
have
a
rest,可知设空处为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为did.
21.答案：can
解析：“cannot(can
never)..too+形容词或副词”表示：“再······也不为过”。
22.答案：had
told
解析：根据上下文逻辑及后面的“wouldn’t
have
understood”，可知设空处为与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为
had
told.
23.答案：might
解析：might
as
well
do
sth.意为：还是做。·····为好。
24.答案：talked
解析：由It
is
high
time
sb.did
sth.可知填
talked.
25.答案：can’t
解析：
I
can’t
agree
more.我完全同意。
B
Tom
and
Peter
are
twins.They
look
as
if
they
26.
(be)
the
same
person.Both
the
two
boys
are
smart,but
Tom
is
hard-working
while
Peter
is
lazy.Tom
always
wins
the
first
place
in
the
exams
while
Peter
doesn’t.However,people
believe
if
Peter
27.
(work)as
hard
as
Tom,he
would
do
as
well
as
his
brother
in
his
study.
At
home,their
parents
suggest
that
they
28.
(finish)their
homework
before
playing
computer
games.But
Peter
insists
that
it
29.
(be)
OK
to
play
games
first
as
long
as
he
can
hand
in
his
homework
in
time.Their
mother
gives
in
in
the
end.
One
day,when
doing
his
homework,
Tom
found
he
made
a
serious
mistake.So
he
put
his
exercise
book
aside
and
used
another
one.When
Peter
found
the
previous
exercise
book,he
struck
out
Tom's
name
and
signed
his
name
on
its
cover
happily,and
handed
it
in
as
his
own
homework
the
next
day.When
the
teacher
told
the
truth
to
the
twins’
mother,
she
was
very
angry
and
shouted
at
Peter,
“How
I
wish
you
30.
(be)
as
diligent
as
your
brother!
Now
it’s
time
that
I
31.
(give)you
a
good
lesson.
And
you
32.
play
any
computer
games
for
a
month!”
“Oh,
no!Mom.
33.
a
computer
for
such
a
long
time,I
would
die.I
would
rather
you
34.
(ask)me
to
do
the
dishes
for
a
month
alone.”Peter
was
upset.
“If
you
35.
(finish)your
homework
on
time
yesterday,you
wouldn’t
be
punished
now,”said
the
mother.
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。汤姆和彼得是双胞胎兄弟，他们虽然长得很像但在学习态度上却迥然不同。
26.答案：were
解析：此处应用虚拟语气，主句谓语动词look与as
if从句谓语动词
be没有先后顺序，故设空处用
were.
27.答案：worked
解析：句意：人们认为如果彼得像汤姆那样努力学习，在学习上他会和汤姆一样好。根据句意可知if从句为表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为
worked.
28.答案：(should)finish
解析：suggest作“建议”讲，后面宾语从句的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中
should
可以省略。
29.答案：is
解析：本句中的insist意为“坚持认为”，故用陈述语气。当insist作“坚决要求”讲时才用虚拟语气，即其宾语从句的谓语动词为
“should+动词原形”，should
可以省略。
30.答案：were
解析：wish
后的宾语从句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故填were.
31.答案：gave/should
give
解析：“It
is
time+that
从句”，that从句的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形。
32.答案：mustn't
解析：此处表示“禁止”，故答案为
mustn’t.
33.答案：Without
解析：without表示没有，句意为：如果那么长时间不玩电脑，我会死掉的。
34.答案：asked
解析：由
would
rather
sb.did
sth.可知填
asked.
35.答案：had
finished
解析：本句中的if
从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为had
finished。2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺
专题08
【情态动词和虚拟语气】语法增分攻略原题版
解题指导·触类旁通
寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”
如何判定情态动词和虚拟语气
一、意义和语气判断法
所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在解答此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。
【例1】(浙江卷)
George
____________(not
go)
too
far.
His
coffee
is
still
warm.
【分析】can’t/couldn’t
have
gone 由下文的His
coffee
is
still
warm.可以看出，乔治应该是刚离开，不可能走太远，表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测，故填can’t/couldn’t
have
gone。
二、时间判断法
虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。
【例2】 (天津卷)I
wish
I
____________(be)
at
my
sister’s
wedding
last
Tuesday,
but
I
was
on
a
business
trip
in
New
York
then.
【分析】 had
been 句意：我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在纽约出差。根据句中的but可知“我参加了妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设，根据空后的时间状语last
Tuesday可知，动作发生在过去，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语用“had＋过去分词”结构。故填had
been。
三、情态动词和虚拟语气增分攻略
①情态动词不能单独作谓语，需和后面的实义动词或be动词构成谓语：情态动词＋do/be；表对过去的猜测时用“情态动词＋have
done”。
②情态动词后应接动词原形，后接形容词或名词时需与系动词be构成系表结构。
③注意虚拟语气be动词通常用were。
④suggest、
order、
require、
insist等表建议、命令、要求和坚决要求的动作后的宾语从句常用“should
＋动词原形”结构，should可以省略。
⑤虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的情况进行的虚拟，判断出时间后再根据相应的句型确定谓语动词的形式。
⑥牢记几个句式：
①would
rather
that
...
did
(与现在或将来相反)/had
done
(与过去相反);
②It’s
(high)
time
that
...
did/should
do
③wish
that＋
...
would/could
do
(与将来事实相反)；
wish
that＋
...
did/were(与现在事实相反)；
wish
that＋
...
had
done
(与过去事实相反)
考点突破·针对提能
明考点，攻重难，有效提升
考点一
情态动词的基本用法
一、can和could的用法
1．表示“能力”，意为“能，会”。
(北京卷)Samuel,
the
tallest
boy
in
our
class,
can
easily
reach
the
books
on
the
top
shelf. 塞缪尔是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻易地够着书架顶层的书。
(湖北卷)It
was
several
minutes
before
I
could
take
in
what
he
was
saying.
过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。
【名师点津】
was/were
able
to表示过去有能力做并且成功做了某事，相当于managed
to
do
sth./succeeded
in
doing
sth.。
The
fire
spread
through
the
hotel
very
quickly
but
everyone
was
able
to
get
out.
尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出来。
2．表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句或疑问句中。can比could语气强。
That
can’t
be
Mary—she
is
in
London
now.
那不可能是玛丽——现在她在伦敦。
3．表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时候可能会”，用于肯定句。
(2018·北京卷)In
today’s
information
age,
the
loss
of
data
can
cause
serious
problems
for
a
company.
在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。
4．表示礼貌地请求，意为“能，可以”。在疑问句中could可代替can,
语气更委婉。
(江苏卷)
—Can
you
tell
us
your
recipe
for
happiness
and
a
long
life？
—你能告诉我们你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗？
—Living
every
day
to
the
full,
definitely.
—过好每一天。
5．用于固定句式：cannot...too/enough
“无论……也不过分；越……越好……”。
(陕西卷)I
can’t
thank
you
too
much
for
all
your
help
to
my
son
while
we
were
away
from
home.
我非常感谢你，在我们不在家时帮助我的儿子。
二、may和might的用法
1.
表示许可和请求，在疑问句中might比may的语气更委婉。
(北京卷)Might/May
I
have
a
word
with
you?
It
won’t
take
long.
我可以和你说句话吗？不会耽误你很长时间。
2．表示推测，意为“可能，或许”，通常用于肯定句和否定句中。
(湖南卷)If
you
forgot
to
turn
it
off
when
you
went
away,
you
might
burn
down
the
house.
当你离开时如果忘记关掉它，你可能会烧毁整座房子。
3．用于固定句式：may
as
well＋动词原形，意为
“最好；倒不如……”。
Since
it
is
raining
hard,
you
may
as
well
stay
here.
既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。
三、must的用法
1．表示义务、必要性等，意为“必须”。其否定式mustn’t
意为“禁止”。
(北京卷)
—Can’t
you
stay
a
little
longer?
—难道你不能再多待一会儿吗？
—It’s
getting
late.I
really
must
go
now.My
daughter
is
home
alone.
—时间不早了。现在我确实得走了。我的女儿独自一人在家呢。
2．表示猜测、推测，意为“想必，一定”。must常用于肯定句中。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时，用must
do；对正在进行的事进行猜测时，用must
be
doing；对已经发生的事进行猜测时，用must
have
done。
(重庆卷)You
must
be
Carol.You
haven’t
changed
a
bit
after
all
these
years.
你一定是卡罗尔。这么多年你一点都没变。
3.
表示偏执，固执，意为“非得，偏要”。
(辽宁卷)If
you
must
go,
at
least
wait
until
the
storm
is
over.
如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。
四、shall的用法
1．用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
(江西卷)Shall
I
tell
Brett
to
come
over
straight
after
school
tomorrow?
要我告诉布雷特明天放学后以后直接过来吗？
2．用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
(辽宁卷)One
of
our
rules
is
that
every
student
shall
wear
school
uniform
while
at
school. 我们有一条规定，那就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。
五、should的用法
1．表示劝告和建议，意为“应该”。
I
don’t
think
you
should
give
up
the
opportunity
to
go
to
university
which
you
have
been
dreaming
about.
我认为你不应该放弃你一直以来梦想的上大学的机会。
2．表示推测、可能性、或预期，意为“应该；可能”。
He
should
be
here
on
time—he
started
early
enough.
他应该按时到这里的——他很早就出发了。
3．用于表示感情或意志等的that从句中，意为“竟然……；居然……”。
(2018·江苏卷)It’s
strange
that
he
should
have
taken
the
books
without
the
owner’s
permission. 简直是太奇怪了，他竟然未得到主人的允许就把这些书拿走了。
六、will和would的用法
1．表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去。
I
have
told
him
again
and
again
to
stop
smoking,
but
he
will
not
listen.
我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。
2．表示习惯性的动作，意为“总是”，will指现在，would指过去。
(四川卷)I
still
remember
my
happy
childhood
when
my
mother
would
take
me
to
Disneyland
at
weekends.
我仍旧记得快乐的童年，那时我妈妈经常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。
3．表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比will语气委婉。
Will/Would
you
please
let
me
have
a
look
at
your
new
watch？
请让我看看你的新手表好吗？
七、need的用法
need表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，needn’t表示“不必”。need
作实义动词时，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，有人称、数和时态的变化；其后可接名词、代词、带to的不定式或动名词作宾语。
(天津卷)My
room
is
a
mess,
but
I
needn’t
clean
it
before
I
go
out
tonight.I
can
do
it
in
the
morning.
我的房间里乱糟糟的，不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要打扫，我可以上午再打扫。
Since
you
know
it
already,
we
don’t
need
to
keep
it
a
secret. 既然你已经知道了，我们就没有必要保密了。
八、dare的用法
dare意为“敢，敢于”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后接动词原形。作实义动词时，在肯定句中通常接带to的不定式，在疑问句和否定句中，dare之后的不定式可省略。
How
dare
you
leave
your
home
without
your
parents’
permission?
在没有征得你父母同意的情况下你怎么敢离开家？
Most
people
hate
Harry
but
they
don’t
dare
to
say
so.
大多数人对哈利敢怒不敢言。
考点二
情态动词＋have
done
对过去的推测
must
have
done
一定做过某事(肯定句)
can/could
have
done
过去不可能做过某事(否定句)
过去可能做过某事吗？(疑问句)
may/might
have
done
过去可能做过某事(肯定句)
过去可能没有做过某事(否定句)
对过去情况的后悔、遗憾或责备
could
have
done
本来能够做但却未做
should
have
done
本来应该做但是实际上未做
shouldn’t
have
done
本来不应该做而实际上做了
needn’t
have
done
本来没必要做却做了
(2019·天津卷)Paul
did
a
great
job
in
the
speech
contest.He
must
have
practised
many
times
last
week.
保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上周一定练习了很多次。
(福建卷)
—Sorry,
Mum！I
failed
the
job
interview
again.
—对不起，妈妈！我工作面试又失败了。
—Oh,
it’s
too
bad.You
should
have
made
full
preparations.
—哦，太糟糕了。你本应该做好充分的准备。
考点三
if条件句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气
主句谓语动词
从句谓语动词
虚拟现在
should/would/
could/might＋do
过去式(be用were)
虚拟过去
should/would/could/
might＋have
done
had＋过去分词
虚拟将来
should/would/
could/might＋do
过去式/were
to
do/should
do
(2018·北京卷)They
might
have
found
a
better
hotel
if
they
had
driven
a
few
more
kilometers. 如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。
(北京卷)We
would
be
back
in
the
hotel
now
if
you
didn’t
lose
the
map.
如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。
【名师点津】
(1)在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，谓语动词含有had,
were,
should时，可以把if省略，将had,
were,
should提到句首，变成倒装句。
(江苏卷)Were
it
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
如果没有老师的帮助，这个学生克服不了她的困难。
(江苏卷)It
might
have
saved
me
some
trouble
had
I
known
the
schedule.
要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。
(2)如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语，并且动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
(北京卷)
Maybe
if
I
had
studied
science,
and
not
literature
then,
I
would
be
able
to
give
you
more
help.
也许如果当时我学的是理科不是文科的话，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。
考点四
含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有without(要是)没有，but
for要不是，otherwise/or否则等。
(2019·天津卷)The
workers
were
not
better
organized,
otherwise
they
would
have
accomplished
the
task
in
half
the
time. 工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。
(江苏卷)Many
of
the
things
we
now
benefit
from
would
not
be
around
but
for
Thomas
Edison. 要不是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中获益的很多东西就不会存在。
考点五
虚拟语气在从句中的运用
一、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1．在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后接宾语从句，以及这些动词的名词后接同位语或表语从句，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的此类动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order,
command)、三要求(require,
demand,
request)、四建议(suggest,
advise,
propose,
recommend)。
(江苏卷)She
suggested
that
Dale
(should)
join
the
debating
team,
believing
that
practice
in
speaking
could
give
him
the
confidence
and
recognition
that
he
needed.
她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。
He
insisted
that
the
problem
(should)
be
discussed
at
the
meeting. 、
他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。
My
suggestion
was
that
necessary
measures
(should)be
taken
to
protect
the
children
from
dangerous
situations.
我的建议是采取必要措施来保护孩子们远离危险的境遇。
【名师点津】
当suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”时，从句要用陈述语气。
His
silence
suggested
that
he
agreed
with
my
decision.
他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。
He
insisted
that
he
hadn’t
stolen
the
money.
他坚持说他没有偷过钱。
2．在“It
is/was＋adj./done＋that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的形容词或过去分词有important,
necessary,
strange,
suggested,
ordered,
advised,
requested,
demanded
等。
It
is
necessary
that
we
(should)
clean
the
room
every
day.
我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。
It
is
required
that
middle
school
students
(should)
take
at
least
one
hour
exercise
every
day.
中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。
3．wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气：
情况
从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反
had＋过去分词
与将来事实相反
would/could/might＋动词原形
(2018·江苏卷)There
is
a
good
social
life
in
the
village,
and
I
wish
I
had
a
second
chance
to
become
more
involved.
这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己还能有机会去更多地参与其中。
I
wish
I
had
told
him
the
way
to
the
supermarket.
我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
4．would
rather所接的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来的虚拟；从句谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟。
(陕西卷)We
would
rather
our
daughter
stayed
at
home
with
us,
but
it
is
her
choice,
and
she
is
not
a
child
any
longer.
我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。
二、3个固定句式中的虚拟语气
句式
现在虚拟
过去虚拟
将来虚拟
if
only引导的条件句及感叹句
过去式
had＋过去分词
would/could/might＋动词原形
as
if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句
过去式
had＋过去分词
would/could/might＋动词原形
It
is
(high)
time
that...
过去式或should＋动词原形
(2019·天津卷)Mary’s
description
of
the
party
was
so
vivid
that
I
felt
as
if
I
had
been
there. 玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。
It
is
high
time
that
we
took/should
take
some
measures
to
solve
the
problem.
确实到了我们采取措施解决这个问题的时候了。
Look
at
the
trouble
we
are
in.
If
only
we
had
taken
our
teacher’s
advice!
看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！
【名师点津】
当as
if/though引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。
跟踪检测·迁移应用
练模拟，练规范，夯基提能
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.The
workers
were
not
better
organized，otherwise
they
would
________
(accomplish)
the
task
in
half
the
time.
2.
What
a
pity!
You
missed
the
sightseeing,
or
we
would
________
(have)
a
good
time
together.
3.
I
________
(hope)
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage,
but
I
couldn't
manage
it.
4.
Days
later,
my
brother
called
to
say
he
was
all
right,
but
wouldn’t
say
where
he
was.
5.Grace
doesn’t
want
to
move
to
New
York
because
she
thinks
if
she
were
to
live
there,
she
wouldn’t
be
able
to
see
her
parents
very
often.
II.精选典题情态动词和虚拟语气专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6．In
today’s
information
age,
the
loss
of
data
________
cause
serious
problems
for
a
company.
7．I
can't
find
my
purse.
I
might
________
(leave)
it
in
the
supermarket
yesterday,
but
I'm
not
sure.
8．They
might
have
found
a
better
hotel
if
they
________
(drive)
a
few
more
kilometers.
9．There
is
a
good
social
life
in
the
village,
and
I
wish
I
________
(have)
a
second
chance
to
become
more
involved.
10．If
we
________
(catch)
the
flight
yesterday，we
would
be
enjoying
our
holiday
on
the
beach
now.
III.精选典题情态动词和虚拟语气专题对点训练·单句改错
11.
No
matter
how
many
times
I
asked
to
watch
them,
my
parents
would
not
to
let
me.
12.
We
can
chose
between
staying
at
home
and
taking
a
trip.
13.
Some
classmates
suggest
we
can
go
to
places
of
interest
nearby.
14.You
can
order
a
pizza,
while
your
friends
may
choose
Japanese
food,
Chinese
food
or
a
hamburger.
But
all
of
you
must
have
meals
together
at
Take
In.
15.I’d
rather
he
went
to
the
seaside
with
me
the
day
before
yesterday.
IV.
精选典题情态动词和虚拟语气专题对点训练·短文语法填空
A
Tom:
Hi,Mr
Smith.
16.
you
give
me
a
hand?
Mr.
Smith:
Of
course.You
17.
hesitate
to
ask
me
for
help.What's
the
matter
with
you?
Tom:
My
mum
is
always
complaining
about
my
going
back
home
late
after
school.
Mr.
Smith:
What
do
you
usually
do
after
school?
Tom:
I
usually
go
to
the
playground
to
play
basketball.But
I
know
that
I
18.
go
home
first.
Mr.
Smith:Why
don't
you
go
home
directly?
Tom:
My
mother
usually
says:"Every
student
19.
do
their
homework
first
after
school,
and
that
is
a
rule
for
all
of
you
students".You
see,if
I
20.
(do)my
homework
first
now,I
couldn't
have
a
rest
and
relax.I
am
so
tired.
Mr.Smith:
Both
you
and
your
mum
are
reasonable.As
a
mother,she
believes
that
you
21.
never
work
too
hard,while
you
think
you
need
some
time
to
have
a
rest.Does
your
mother
know
what
you
think?
Tom:
No.Even
if
I
22.
(tell)her
before,she
wouldn't
have
understood
it.
Mr.Smith:
I
don't
think
you
are
right.I
think
you
should
tell
your
mother
what
you
think
and
she
would
understand
you.
Besides,you
had
better
not
hide
your
feelings
from
your
mother
and
you
23.
as
well
learn
to
communicate
with
her.
Tom:
Thank
you
for
your
advice.It
is
high
time
I
24.
(talk)with
her.
Mr.Smith:
I
25.
agree
more.
B
Tom
and
Peter
are
twins.They
look
as
if
they
26.
(be)
the
same
person.Both
the
two
boys
are
smart,but
Tom
is
hard-working
while
Peter
is
lazy.Tom
always
wins
the
first
place
in
the
exams
while
Peter
doesn’t.However,people
believe
if
Peter
27.
(work)as
hard
as
Tom,he
would
do
as
well
as
his
brother
in
his
study.
At
home,their
parents
suggest
that
they
28.
(finish)their
homework
before
playing
computer
games.But
Peter
insists
that
it
29.
(be)
OK
to
play
games
first
as
long
as
he
can
hand
in
his
homework
in
time.Their
mother
gives
in
in
the
end.
One
day,when
doing
his
homework,
Tom
found
he
made
a
serious
mistake.So
he
put
his
exercise
book
aside
and
used
another
one.When
Peter
found
the
previous
exercise
book,he
struck
out
Tom's
name
and
signed
his
name
on
its
cover
happily,and
handed
it
in
as
his
own
homework
the
next
day.When
the
teacher
told
the
truth
to
the
twins’
mother,
she
was
very
angry
and
shouted
at
Peter,
“How
I
wish
you
30.
(be)
as
diligent
as
your
brother!
Now
it’s
time
that
I
31.
(give)you
a
good
lesson.
And
you
32.
play
any
computer
games
for
a
month!”
“Oh,
no!Mom.
33.
a
computer
for
such
a
long
time,I
would
die.I
would
rather
you
34.
(ask)me
to
do
the
dishes
for
a
month
alone.”Peter
was
upset.
“If
you
35.
(finish)your
homework
on
time
yesterday,you
wouldn’t
be
punished
now,”said
the
mother
