2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺
专题12
【定语从句】语法增分攻略解析版
解题指导·触类旁通
寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”
1.
“一判三看”破解定语从句
一判：判断是不是定语从句
①设空处无提示词，而设空前的主句完整；设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，考虑填定语从句关系词。
②注意是否已有并列连词(如but、
and)和从属连词(如if、
when)，注意是否是强调结构。③若是疑问句可将其变为陈述句语序。
一看：在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。
①that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
②which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容，which意为“这一点”。
③as引导非限制性定语从句，可置句中或句首或句尾，意为“正如”。
其后的谓语动词多是be
seen、
be
known、
be
reported、
be
mentioned、
be
said、
be
often
the
case等。
二看：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表时间地点，还是原因)
①先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose；
②先行词指物：that/which/whose等；
③表时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。
三看：判断所缺成分，确定关系词
①缺少主语：that/which/who；
②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；
③缺少介词的宾语：whom/which；
④缺少定语：whose；
⑤缺少时间、地点或原因状语时：用when、
where、
why。
2.
定语从句的1个难点
当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词，如point、
situation、
case、
stage等，若在从句中作状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句；若作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which。
①先行词指人时不能用which,
whom只作宾语。
②that两个不能：不能用在介词后，不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③先行词表时间或地点，关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that、
which；作状语用when、
where。
④that在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，其余情况一般不可省略。
⑤what引导的名词性从句作介词和动词的宾语，是常考点应多关注。
3.
“缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词
1．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that，非限制性定语从句中用who。
2．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom，非限制性定语从句中用whom。
3．如果先行词指物，且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that，非限制性定语从句中用which。
4．如果先行词指时间或地点，且定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when/where；如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。
5．不论先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。
6．如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。
考点突破·针对提能
明考点，攻重难，有效提升
考点一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1．关系代词及其用法
关系代词
用法
who
用于指人，在从句中作主语或宾语
whom
用于指人，在从句中作宾语，可用who代替；若从句中的介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom直接跟在介词后作宾语，不可用who代替
which
用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语
that
既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与who,
whom互换，指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
whose
表示所属关系，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of
which；指人时相当于of
whom
as
引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，意为“正如；像”
2.关系代词的用法区别
关系代词that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况
先行词是all,
few,
little,
much,
something,
anything,
nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
same,
all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词指物，且前有介词时
关系代词as和which的用法区别
as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see,
know,
expect,
say,
mention,
report等
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
(2018·北京卷)She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
which
helps
them
keep
fit.
她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。
(2017·北京卷)The
little
problems
that
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions. 在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
(2017·天津卷)My
eldest
son,
whose
work
takes
him
all
over
the
world,
is
in
New
York
at
the
moment.
我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。
(重庆卷)We’ll
reach
the
sales
targets
in
a
month
which/that
we
set
at
the
beginning
of
the
year.
我们将在一个月内达到年初所定的销售目标。
(江苏卷)The
number
of
smokers,
as
is
reported,
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year. 正如报道的那样，烟民的数量仅在一年内就已经下降了17%。
【名师点津】
(1)whom,
which,
that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；
(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；the
same＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。
Such
machines
as
are
used
in
our
workshop
are
made
in
China. 像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。
考点二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词
用法
when
指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于“表时间的介词(in，at，on，during等)＋which”
where
指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于“表地点的介词(in,
at,
on,
under等)＋which”
why
指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for＋which”
(天津卷)The
days
are
gone
when
physical
strength
was
all
you
needed
to
make
a
living.
完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。
(福建卷)Students
should
involve
themselves
in
community
activities
where
they
can
gain
experience
for
growth. 学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do
you
know
the
reason
why
he
didn’t
attend
the
meeting
yesterday?
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
【名师点津】
当先行词为situation,
case,
stage,
point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。
(2019·天津卷)Their
child
is
at
the
stage
where
she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences. 他们的孩子处于能说一些个别的单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。
考点三、“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句。其中关系代词只能用which和whom，且不能省略。
(安徽卷)Some
experts
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon
which
school
education
depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
2．“the＋名词＋of
which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。这类定语从句一般为非限制性定语从句，且该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词为所属关系。
(江苏卷)The
newly?built
café，the
walls
of
which
(＝whose
walls)
are
painted
light
green,
is
really
a
peaceful
place
for
us,
especially
after
hard
work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆的墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
3．“表示全部或部分的词语＋of
which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示部分的词或结构有：不定代词(all,
both,
none,
some,
most等)；数词(基数词、序数词、百分数、分数、several等)；the＋形容词的比较级/最高级。
(浙江卷)Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears,
none
of
which
has
been
proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
(江苏卷)Many
young
people,
most
of
whom
were
well?educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
4．“介词＋which＋名词”结构引导的定语从句。常见的类似结构：
during
which
time
在此期间
at
which
time
在这时
at
which
point
在这一时刻
for
which
reason
由于这个原因
in
which
case
在这一情况下
(辽宁卷)He
may
win
the
competition,
in
which
case
he
is
likely
to
get
into
the
national
team. 他可能会赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话他就可能进入国家队。
【名师点津】
“复合介词短语＋which”结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。
He
lived
in
a
big
house,
in
front
of
which
stood
a
big
tall
tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵又大又高的树。
跟踪检测·迁移应用
练模拟，练规范，夯基提能
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.(2019全国卷Ⅱ)Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9am
to
5pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield,
_________
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.
2.(2018全国卷Ⅰ)Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
_________
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes.
3.(2019全国卷Ⅲ)They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
_________
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
4.(2018全国卷Ⅱ)The
Chinese
Ministry
of
Agriculture
finds
that
between
2005—when
the
government
started
a
soil?testing
program
_________
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers—and
2011，fertilizer
use
dropped
by
7.7
million
tons.
5.(2020全国卷III)In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
________
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
【答案详解】
1.答案：which
解析：根据设空处前边有逗号可知，设空处为非限制性定语从句代替前边的句子，先行词为the
pet
shop，故用引导词which引导。句意：现在，艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天早上9点到下午5点在麦克莱斯菲尔德的宠物店工作，这家宠物店是她和她已故的丈夫莱斯一起开的。
2.答案：that/which
解析：分析句子结构可知，名词study为先行词表示事物，其后为定语从句故用that或which引导，在从句中做主语。句意：该综述的两位作者还在2014年发表了一项研究，该研究表明，每天只要跑步5到10分钟，就能降低患心脏病和各种原因导致的早死的风险。
3.答案：who/that
解析：根据语境可知，masters为先行词表示人，故用who或that引导定语从句，在从句中做主语。句意：他们的主人在照顾这些动物方面经验丰富，训练有素。
4.答案：that/which
解析：根据语境可知program为先行词，表示事物，其后为定语从句故用that或which引导，在从句中做主语。句意：中国农业部发现，从2005年政府开始土壤测试项目(向农民提供特定肥料建议)到2011年，化肥使用量减少了770万吨。
5.答案：whose
解析：根据语境可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为artist，在从句中作定语修饰paintings，故用whose。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画栩栩如生。
II.精选典题定语从句专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6.(2020·太原期中)In
the
past
few
years,
more
than
half
of
the
bookstores
in
China
have
closed
down,
__________
is
the
result
of
the
competition
with
online
bookstores.
7.(2020·保定摸底)For
instance,
in
Lima,
the
capital
of
Peru,
there
are
more
than
50
Chinese
medicine
clinics,
about
70
percent
of
__________
were
set
up
by
local
doctors.
8.(2020·大连双基测试)The
55?km
Hong
Kong?Zhuhai?Macao
Bridge,
__________
was
opened
on
Oct.24,
2018,
connects
Guangdong
Province
with
China’s
two
special
administrative
regions,
Hong
Kong
and
Macao.
9.(2020·陕西汉中一模)Our
office
wasn’t
far
from
Chinatown,
__________
I
found
some
very
good
Chinese
restaurants.
10.(2020·天津河西质量调研)This
was
returned
because
the
person
to
__________
this
letter
was
addressed
had
died
three
years
ago.
11.(2020·大庆一中二模)As
more
and
more
people
own
private
cars,
parking
has
become
a
big
headache
for
many
car
owners,
especially
for
those
__________
live
in
downtown
areas
without
enough
parking
spaces.
12.(2020·齐齐哈尔一模)The
video,
__________
length
was
just
7
seconds,
has
been
viewed
more
than
19
million
times
in
just
two
days.
13.(2020·衢州模拟)He
decided
to
go
to
Stanford
because
there
were
many
opportunities
for
people
__________
wanted
to
work
in
Silicon
Valley.
14.(2020·烟台期末)His
interest
started
a
few
years
ago,
__________
he
was
in
college
and
studying
wildlife
science.
15.(2020·河北一模)He
wrote
a
letter
__________
he
explained
what
had
happened
in
the
accident.
【答案详解】
6.答案：which
解析：根据设空处前边有逗号可知，设空处为非限制性定语从句代替前边的句子，故用引导词which。句意：在过去的几年里，中国超过一半的书店倒闭了，这是与网上书店竞争的结果。
7.答案：which
解析：分析句子结构可知，设空处是“代词＋of+which/whom"引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词是many
theories，指物，故关系代词只能用which。句意：例如，在秘鲁首都利马，有50多家中医诊所，其中70%是当地医生开设的。
8.答案：which
解析：根据语境可知先行词为bridge，根据设空处前边有逗号可知，bridge之后为非限制性定语从句，故用引导词which。句意：港珠澳大桥全长55公里，于2018年10月24日通车，连接了广东省和中国两个特别行政区香港、澳门。
9.答案：where
解析：分析句子结构可知，先行词为
Chinatown，在从句中做地点状语，后接定语从句时，应该用关系副词where引导。句意：我们的办公室离唐人街不远，在那里我发现了一些非常不错的中国餐馆。
10.答案：whom
解析：分析句子结构可知，设空处是“to+which/whom"引导的定语从句。先行词是person，指人，故关系代词只能用whom。句意：这封信被退回了，因为收信人三年前就去世了。
11.答案：who
解析：考察定语从句的引导词，根据语境可知those为先行词，为不定代词表示人，在从句中做主语。定语从句的引导词只能用who不能用that。句意：随着越来越多的人拥有私家车，停车已经成为许多车主头疼的问题，特别是那些居住在市中心没有足够停车位的人。
12.答案：whose
解析：分析句子结构可知，先行词是
the
video,空处在定语从句中作定语，这里限定
length,
故填
whose。句意：这段时长仅7秒的视频，在短短两天内的浏览量就超过了1900万次。
13.答案：who/that
解析：分析句子结构可知先行词为people,
故用who引导定语从句，who在从中作主语。关系代词that可以指人，填that也可以。句意：他决定去斯坦福，因为那里有很多机会提供给那些想在硅谷工作的人。
14.答案：when
解析：根据语境可知，先行词是表示时间的a
few
years
ago,且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词when。句意：他的兴趣是几年前开始的，当时他还在大学学习野生动物科学。
15.答案：where
解析：分析句子结构可知，先行词为letter表示物，后接定语从句时，从句中缺少状语，应该用关系副词where，表示在信中。句意：他写了一封信，在信中解释了事故发生的原因。
III.精选典题定语从句专题对点训练·单句改错
16.This
is
such
a
place
that
all
the
people
across
the
world
are
dreaming
of
visiting.
17.It
has
also
been
a
social
center
that
we
can
connect
with
other
children
and
find
out
activities
that
are
going
on.
18.Above
all,
they
hosted
an
American
student
last
year,
through
that
they
gained
lots
of
experience.
19.There
are
many
problems
when
I
am
abroad
alone，especially
when
I
am
in
the
Czech
Republic，its
official
language
is
not
English.
20.At
noon,
we
play
Room
Escape,
an
interesting
game
what
challenged
our
IQ
and
teamwork.
【答案详解】
16.答案：that→as或在visiting后加it
解析：that之后为定语从句，所以要用关系词引导；因句子中含有such
因此定语从句的引导词只能用as。或在visiting后加it，将句子变成结果状语从句，it代替上文提到的place。
17.答案：第一个that→where
解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，此处为定语从句先行词为activities，关系词指代先行词且在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。
18.答案：that→which
解析：根据语境可知，原句中that代替逗号之前的句子指事，关系词在定语从句中作through的宾语，
且介词through在前面，
故改为which。
19.答案：its→whose
解析：句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the
Czech
Republic.关系词在从句中作定语，所以用whose，故将its改为whose。
20.答案：what→that/which
解析：根据语境可知game是先行词，指物，之后为定语从句，bridge在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导该从句。故将what改为that或which。
IV.精选典题定语从句专题对点训练·短文语法填空
There
was
a
time___21___I
was
tired
of
learning
English
and
disliked
speaking
English.
And
this
was
the
reason___22___my
father
forced
me
to
join
in
a
30-day
training
in
an
English
club
before
I
went
to
senior
high
school.
When
I
first
came
to
the
club，___23___I
met
many
strangers，
I
missed
my
parents
very
much.
So
I
packed
up
my
things
and
wanted
to
go
home.
Fortunately，
my
guide，___24___teacher
was
Yu
Minhong，communicated
with
me
face-to-face，from___25___I
gained
some
useful
instructions.
He
also
introduced
a
good
partner
to
me，and
we
got
along
well
with
each
other.
Gradually
I
adapted
to
the
life
there.
Everyday
I
would
talk
to
other
teenagers
and
set
down
a
series
of
activities___26___we
did.
I
should
be
grateful
to
my
father
and
the
guide，___27___encouraged
met
of
all
in
love
with
English.
Now
I
feel
it
interesting
to
learn
English，into___28___I
put
my
entire
energy.
Every
day
I
read
my
words
and
passages
aloud.In
class
I
join
in
English
discussions.
Before
I
go
to
sleep，I
recall
the
passages，through___29___I
can
memorize
a
large
number
of
new
words.
___30___our
Eng
sh
teacher
says，“As
long
as
you
form
the
habit
of
learning
English
every
day
and
have
perseverance，you
will
master
English
sooner
or
later.”
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，叙述了作者参加英语俱乐部的训练的难忘经历。在那里作者遇到了一位好老师，那位老师使作者对学习英语产生了兴趣。作者还养成了学习英语的好习惯。
21.
答案：when
解析：There
was
a
time
when...有一段时间。
句意：有一段时间，我厌烦
学英语并且不喜欢山说英语。
22.答案：why
解析：This
is/was
the
reason
why...这就是……的原因。
23.答案：where
解析：先行词是the
club，
关系词在从句中作地点状语，
故填where。
24.答案：whose
解析：先行词为my
guide，
代人定语从句后为：My
guide's
teacher
was
Yu
Minhong.
由此
可见，
关系词与teacher之间是所属关系，故用whose引导。
25.答案：which
解析：先行词指事，关系词在定语从句中作from的宾语，
且介词from在前面，
故填which。
26.答案：that/which
解析：先行词是activities，且关系词在定语从句中作宾语，
故用that或which引导。
27.答案：who
解析：先行词为my
father
and
the
guide，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作
主语，且指“人”，
所以用who引导。
28.答案：which
解析：先行词为English，关系词在定语从句中作介词into的宾语，
且介
词into在前面，
故填which。
29.答案：which
解析：先行词为一个句子，关系词在定语从句中作介词through的宾语，
且
介词在前面，故用which引导。句意：人睡前我回忆文章，通过这种方法，我能记住大量
的生词。
30.答案：As
解析：非限制性定语从句置于句首，故需用as引导。
句意：正如我们英语
老师所说的：“只要你们养成每天学英语的习惯并且坚持不懈，你们迟早会掌握英语。”2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺
专题12
【定语从句】语法增分攻略原题版
解题指导·触类旁通
寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”
1.
“一判三看”破解定语从句
一判：判断是不是定语从句
①设空处无提示词，而设空前的主句完整；设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，考虑填定语从句关系词。
②注意是否已有并列连词(如but、
and)和从属连词(如if、
when)，注意是否是强调结构。③若是疑问句可将其变为陈述句语序。
一看：在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。
①that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
②which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容，which意为“这一点”。
③as引导非限制性定语从句，可置句中或句首或句尾，意为“正如”。
其后的谓语动词多是be
seen、
be
known、
be
reported、
be
mentioned、
be
said、
be
often
the
case等。
二看：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表时间地点，还是原因)
①先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose；
②先行词指物：that/which/whose等；
③表时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。
三看：判断所缺成分，确定关系词
①缺少主语：that/which/who；
②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；
③缺少介词的宾语：whom/which；
④缺少定语：whose；
⑤缺少时间、地点或原因状语时：用when、
where、
why。
2.
定语从句的1个难点
当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词，如point、
situation、
case、
stage等，若在从句中作状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句；若作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which。
①先行词指人时不能用which,
whom只作宾语。
②that两个不能：不能用在介词后，不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③先行词表时间或地点，关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that、
which；作状语用when、
where。
④that在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，其余情况一般不可省略。
⑤what引导的名词性从句作介词和动词的宾语，是常考点应多关注。
3.
“缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词
1．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that，非限制性定语从句中用who。
2．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom，非限制性定语从句中用whom。
3．如果先行词指物，且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that，非限制性定语从句中用which。
4．如果先行词指时间或地点，且定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when/where；如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。
5．不论先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。
6．如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。
考点突破·针对提能
明考点，攻重难，有效提升
考点一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1．关系代词及其用法
关系代词
用法
who
用于指人，在从句中作主语或宾语
whom
用于指人，在从句中作宾语，可用who代替；若从句中的介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom直接跟在介词后作宾语，不可用who代替
which
用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语
that
既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与who,
whom互换，指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
whose
表示所属关系，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of
which；指人时相当于of
whom
as
引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，意为“正如；像”
2.关系代词的用法区别
关系代词that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况
先行词是all,
few,
little,
much,
something,
anything,
nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
same,
all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词指物，且前有介词时
关系代词as和which的用法区别
as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see,
know,
expect,
say,
mention,
report等
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
(2018·北京卷)She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
which
helps
them
keep
fit.
她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。
(2017·北京卷)The
little
problems
that
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions. 在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
(2017·天津卷)My
eldest
son,
whose
work
takes
him
all
over
the
world,
is
in
New
York
at
the
moment.
我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。
(重庆卷)We’ll
reach
the
sales
targets
in
a
month
which/that
we
set
at
the
beginning
of
the
year.
我们将在一个月内达到年初所定的销售目标。
(江苏卷)The
number
of
smokers,
as
is
reported,
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year. 正如报道的那样，烟民的数量仅在一年内就已经下降了17%。
【名师点津】
(1)whom,
which,
that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；
(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；the
same＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。
Such
machines
as
are
used
in
our
workshop
are
made
in
China. 像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。
考点二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词
用法
when
指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于“表时间的介词(in，at，on，during等)＋which”
where
指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于“表地点的介词(in,
at,
on,
under等)＋which”
why
指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for＋which”
(天津卷)The
days
are
gone
when
physical
strength
was
all
you
needed
to
make
a
living.
完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。
(福建卷)Students
should
involve
themselves
in
community
activities
where
they
can
gain
experience
for
growth. 学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do
you
know
the
reason
why
he
didn’t
attend
the
meeting
yesterday?
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
【名师点津】
当先行词为situation,
case,
stage,
point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。
(2019·天津卷)Their
child
is
at
the
stage
where
she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences. 他们的孩子处于能说一些个别的单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。
考点三、“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句。其中关系代词只能用which和whom，且不能省略。
(安徽卷)Some
experts
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon
which
school
education
depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
2．“the＋名词＋of
which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。这类定语从句一般为非限制性定语从句，且该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词为所属关系。
(江苏卷)The
newly?built
café，the
walls
of
which
(＝whose
walls)
are
painted
light
green,
is
really
a
peaceful
place
for
us,
especially
after
hard
work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆的墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
3．“表示全部或部分的词语＋of
which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示部分的词或结构有：不定代词(all,
both,
none,
some,
most等)；数词(基数词、序数词、百分数、分数、several等)；the＋形容词的比较级/最高级。
(浙江卷)Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears,
none
of
which
has
been
proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
(江苏卷)Many
young
people,
most
of
whom
were
well?educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
4．“介词＋which＋名词”结构引导的定语从句。常见的类似结构：
during
which
time
在此期间
at
which
time
在这时
at
which
point
在这一时刻
for
which
reason
由于这个原因
in
which
case
在这一情况下
(辽宁卷)He
may
win
the
competition,
in
which
case
he
is
likely
to
get
into
the
national
team. 他可能会赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话他就可能进入国家队。
【名师点津】
“复合介词短语＋which”结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。
He
lived
in
a
big
house,
in
front
of
which
stood
a
big
tall
tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵又大又高的树。
跟踪检测·迁移应用
练模拟，练规范，夯基提能
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.(2019全国卷Ⅱ)Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9am
to
5pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield,
_________
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.
2.(2018全国卷Ⅰ)Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
_________
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes.
3.(2019全国卷Ⅲ)They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
_________
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
4.(2018全国卷Ⅱ)The
Chinese
Ministry
of
Agriculture
finds
that
between
2005—when
the
government
started
a
soil?testing
program
_________
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers—and
2011，fertilizer
use
dropped
by
7.7
million
tons.
5.(2020全国卷III)In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
________
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
II.精选典题定语从句专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6.(2020·太原期中)In
the
past
few
years,
more
than
half
of
the
bookstores
in
China
have
closed
down,
__________
is
the
result
of
the
competition
with
online
bookstores.
7.(2020·保定摸底)For
instance,
in
Lima,
the
capital
of
Peru,
there
are
more
than
50
Chinese
medicine
clinics,
about
70
percent
of
__________
were
set
up
by
local
doctors.
8.(2020·大连双基测试)The
55?km
Hong
Kong?Zhuhai?Macao
Bridge,
__________
was
opened
on
Oct.24,
2018,
connects
Guangdong
Province
with
China’s
two
special
administrative
regions,
Hong
Kong
and
Macao.
9.(2020·陕西汉中一模)Our
office
wasn’t
far
from
Chinatown,
__________
I
found
some
very
good
Chinese
restaurants.
10.(2020·天津河西质量调研)This
was
returned
because
the
person
to
__________
this
letter
was
addressed
had
died
three
years
ago.
11.(2020·大庆一中二模)As
more
and
more
people
own
private
cars,
parking
has
become
a
big
headache
for
many
car
owners,
especially
for
those
__________
live
in
downtown
areas
without
enough
parking
spaces.
12.(2020·齐齐哈尔一模)The
video,
__________
length
was
just
7
seconds,
has
been
viewed
more
than
19
million
times
in
just
two
days.
13.(2020·衢州模拟)He
decided
to
go
to
Stanford
because
there
were
many
opportunities
for
people
__________
wanted
to
work
in
Silicon
Valley.
14.(2020·烟台期末)His
interest
started
a
few
years
ago,
__________
he
was
in
college
and
studying
wildlife
science.
15.(2020·河北一模)He
wrote
a
letter
__________
he
explained
what
had
happened
in
the
accident.
III.精选典题定语从句专题对点训练·单句改错
16.This
is
such
a
place
that
all
the
people
across
the
world
are
dreaming
of
visiting.
17.It
has
also
been
a
social
center
that
we
can
connect
with
other
children
and
find
out
activities
that
are
going
on.
18.Above
all,
they
hosted
an
American
student
last
year,
through
that
they
gained
lots
of
experience.
19.There
are
many
problems
when
I
am
abroad
alone，especially
when
I
am
in
the
Czech
Republic，its
official
language
is
not
English.
20.At
noon,
we
play
Room
Escape,
an
interesting
game
what
challenged
our
IQ
and
teamwork.
IV.精选典题定语从句专题对点训练·短文语法填空
There
was
a
time___21___I
was
tired
of
learning
English
and
disliked
speaking
English.
And
this
was
the
reason___22___my
father
forced
me
to
join
in
a
30-day
training
in
an
English
club
before
I
went
to
senior
high
school.
When
I
first
came
to
the
club，___23___I
met
many
strangers，
I
missed
my
parents
very
much.
So
I
packed
up
my
things
and
wanted
to
go
home.
Fortunately，
my
guide，___24___teacher
was
Yu
Minhong，communicated
with
me
face-to-face，from___25___I
gained
some
useful
instructions.
He
also
introduced
a
good
partner
to
me，and
we
got
along
well
with
each
other.
Gradually
I
adapted
to
the
life
there.
Everyday
I
would
talk
to
other
teenagers
and
set
down
a
series
of
activities___26___we
did.
I
should
be
grateful
to
my
father
and
the
guide，___27___encouraged
met
of
all
in
love
with
English.
Now
I
feel
it
interesting
to
learn
English，into___28___I
put
my
entire
energy.
Every
day
I
read
my
words
and
passages
aloud.In
class
I
join
in
English
discussions.
Before
I
go
to
sleep，I
recall
the
passages，through___29___I
can
memorize
a
large
number
of
new
words.
___30___our
Eng
sh
teacher
says，“As
long
as
you
form
the
habit
of
learning
English
every
day
and
have
perseverance，you
will
master
English
sooner
or
later.”
