2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺
专题16
【阅读理解】题型增分攻略一解析版
解题指导·触类旁通
寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”
掌握四种题型选项特征，快速阅读不失分
一．理解文中具体信息—细节理解题
阅读理解【细节理解题】满分攻略
命题趋势：通过语句的同义或反义转换来考察考生对文章的理解能力。
答题技巧
1.定位法→
①小标题定位法：根据题干关键词和文章小标题信息，快速定位有效信息所在区域。
②关键信息定位法：利用标志词，如专有名词、序数词、数字等来定位。
③首尾句定位法：适用于主题句鲜明的文章。
④同义定位法：根据题干关键词，在原文中定位其同义词。
2.查读法→
先看题干，带着问题去阅读文章，从而快而准地锁定目标信息。
3.排除法→
通过文章整体意思来判定难以抉择的选项。
命题规律
1.考察内容→
①时间、地点、人物、事件。
②议论文中的例证。
③数字类：时间、年龄、金额、数量等。
④原因和结果。
⑤定义类
2.考察题型→
①直接理解题：在原文中可直接找到答案。
②语意转化题：需将题目信息和原文信息进行语意转换，加工或处理。
③数字计算题：直接考查或计算考查。
④图表图画题：理解图中暗含信息，按图索骥。
3.题干设置→
①特殊疑问句形式：以when、where、what、which、who等疑问词开头引出的问题。
②判断是非的形式：Not
true或EXCEPT
等的判断是非的问题，要注意题干中是否有not
never
等否定词。
③以“According
to...”开头的提问形式。
4.正确选项特点→
①原文同义替换②词性、语态变化。③语言简化。④正话反说。
5.干扰项特点→
①扩缩范围
②张冠李戴
③正误并存
④无中生有⑤望文生义
⑥偷换概念
⑦文不对题
考点突破·针对提能
明考点，攻重难，有效提升
熟记高频词
→
突破阅读理解词汇障碍
高考英语考前必背570个高频词
第
一
组
第
二
组
1.accelerate
vt.
加速；促进2.absolute
adj.绝对的；无条件的；完全的3.liberal
adj.
慷慨的；丰富的；自由的4.transport
vt.运输;运送
n.
运输;运输工具5.mild
adj.
温暖的；暖和的；温柔的6.tender
adj.
温柔的；脆弱的7.nuisance
n.损害;妨害;讨厌（的人或事物）8.insignificant
adj.无意义的；无足轻重的9.export
n.
出口（物）
v.
出口,输出10.
import
n.
进口（物）
v.
进口,输入11.
impose
vt.
把...加强(on)；采用；利用12.
religion
n.
宗教；宗教信仰13.burst
vi./n.
突然发生；爆裂14.dispose
vi.
除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)15.blast
n.
爆炸；气流
vi.
炸,炸掉16.consume
v.
消耗；耗尽17.split
v.
劈开；割裂；分裂
adj.裂开的18.spit
v.
吐（唾液等）；唾弃19.spill
v.
溢出；溅出；倒出20.
extinct
adj.
绝灭的；熄灭的21.slide
v.
滑动；滑落
n.
滑动；幻灯片22.bacteria
n.
细菌23.breed
n.
种；品种
v.
繁殖；产仔24.budget
n.
预算
v.
编预算；作安排25.candidate
n.
候选人26.campus
n.
校园27.transform
v.
转变；变革；变换28.transmit
v.
传播；播送；传递29.transplant
v.
移植30.shift
v.
转移；转动；转变
31.vary
v.
变化；改变；使多样化32.vanish
vi.
消灭；不见33.swallow
v.
吞下；咽下
n.
燕子34.suspicion
n.
怀疑；疑心35.suspicious
adj.
怀疑的；可疑的36.boundary
n.
分界线；边界37.catalog
n.
目录（册）
v.
编目38.vague
adj.
模糊的；不明确的39.vain
n.
徒劳；白费40.extraordinary
adj.
不平常的；非凡的41.agent
n.
代理人；代理商；动因；原因42.alcohol
n.
含酒精的饮料；酒精43.appeal
n./vi.
呼吁；恳求44.appreciate
vt.
重视；赏识；欣赏45.approve
v.
赞成；同意；批准46.stimulate
vt.
刺激；激励47.acquire
vt.
取得；获得；学到48.accomplish
vt
.完成；到达；实行work
n.
网状物；电视网；网络50.tide
n.
潮汐；潮流51.wander
vi.
漫游；闲逛52.wax
n.
蜡53.weave
v.
织；编54.preserve
v.
保护；保存；保持；维持55.
abuse
v.
滥用；虐待；谩骂56.
academic
adj.学术的；研究院的57.
academy
n.
（高等）专科院校；学会58.
battery
n.
电池（组）59.
barrier
n.
障碍；棚栏60.
cargo
n.
（船、飞机等装载的）货物
第
三
组
第
四
组
61.
career
n.
生涯；职业62.
vessel
n.
船舶；容器；器皿；血管63.
vertical
adj.
垂直的64.
obscure
adj.
阴暗；模糊65.
extent
n.
程度；范围；大小；限度66.
external
adj.
外部的；外表的；外面的67.
petrol
n.
汽油68.
petroleum
n.
石油69.
delay
vt./n.
推迟；延误；耽搁70.
decay
vi.
腐烂；腐朽71.
decent
adj.
像样的；体面的72.
bother
v.
打搅；麻烦73.interfere
v.
干涉；干扰；妨碍74.
sake
n.
缘故；理由75.
satellite
n.
卫星76.
temple
n.
庙宇77.
tedious
adj.
乏味的；单调的78.
tend
vi.易于；趋向79.
tendency
n.趋向；趋势80.
ultimate
adj.
极端的；最大的；最终的81.
adopt
v.
收养；采用；采纳82.
adapt
vi.
适应,适合；改编
vt.
使适应83.
bachelor
n.
学士；学士学位；单身汉84.
casual
adj.
偶然的；碰巧的；非正式的85.
trap
n.
陷阱,圈套
v.
设陷阱捕捉86.
vacant
adj.
空的；未占用的87.
vacuum
n.
真空；真空吸尘器88.
oral
adj.
口头的；口述的89.
optics
n.
（单、复数同形）光学90.
organ
n.
器官；风琴
91.
excess
n.
过分；过量；过剩92.
expel
v.
驱逐；开除；赶出93.
expend
v.
消费94.
expenditure
n.
支出；消费；经费95.
expense
n.
开销；费用96.
expensive
adj.
花钱多的；价格高贵的97.
private
adj.
私人的；个人的98.
individual
adj.个别的；单独的
n.
个人99.
personal
adj.个人的；私人的；亲自的100.
personnel
n.
[总称]人员；员工101.
the
Pacific
Ocean
太平洋102.
the
Atlantic
Ocean
大西洋103.
the
Arctic
Ocean
北冰洋104.
the
Antarctic
Ocean
南冰洋105.
grant
vt.
授予；同意；准予106.
grand
adj.
宏伟大；壮丽的；重大的107.
invade
v.
侵入；侵略；侵袭108.
acid
n.
酸；酸性物质
adj.
酸的109.
acknowledge
v.
承认；致谢110.
balcony
n.
阳台111.
calculate
vt.
计算；核算112.
calendar
n.
日历；月历113.
optimistic
adj.
乐观114.
optional
adj.
可以任选的；非强制的115.
outstanding
adj.
杰出的；显著的116.
religious
adj.
宗教的117.
victim
n.
牺牲品；受害者118.internal
adj.
内部的；国内的119.
videotape
n.
录像磁带
v.
录像120.
offend
v.
冒犯；触犯
第
五
组
第
六
组
121.
favorable
adj.
称赞道；有利的122.submit
vi.(to)屈服；听从123.timber
n.
木材；原木124.
beforehand
adv.
预先；事先125.
racial
adj.
人种的种族的126.
radiation
n.
放射物；辐射127.
radical
adj.根本的；激进的128.
range
n.
范围
v.（在某范围内）变动129.
wonder
n.惊奇；奇迹
v.对...感到疑惑130.
isolate
vt.
使隔离；使孤立131.
issue
n.
问题；发行；（报刊）一期132.
hollow
adj.
空的；中空的；空腹的133.
hook
n.
钩
vt.
钩住134.
adequate
adj.
适当的；充足的135.
adhere
vi.
粘附；附着；遵守；坚持136.
ban
n.
禁令
vt.
取缔；禁止137.
capture
vt.
俘虏；捕获138.
valid
adj.
有效的；正当的139.
valley
n.
山谷；峡谷140.
consistent
adj.
一致的；始终如一的141.
continuous
adj.继续的;连续（不断）的142.
continual
adj.
不断地；频繁的143.
explode
v.
爆炸；爆发；激增144.
exploit
v.
剥削；利用；开采145.
explore
v.
勘探146.
explosion
n.
爆炸；爆发；激增147.
explosive
adj.
爆炸的；易引起争论的148.
remote
adj.
遥远的；偏僻的149.
removal
n.
除去；消除150.
render
vt.
使得；致使
151.
render
vt.
呈递；
归还；汇报；实施152.
precaution
n.
预防；防备；警惕153.
idle
adj.
懒散的；无所事事的154.
identify
vt.
认出；鉴定155.
identify
n.
身份；个性；特性156.
poverty
n.
贫穷157.
resistant
adj.
(to)抵抗的;抗...的;耐...的158.
resolve
vt.
解决；决定；决意159.
barrel
n.
桶160.
bargain
n.
便宜货
vi.
讨价还价161.
coarse
adj.
粗的；粗糙的；粗劣的162.
coach
n.
教练；长途公共汽车163.
code
n.
准则；法规；密码164.
coil
n.
线圈
v.
卷；盘绕165.ridge
n.
脊；山脊；埂166.
rigid
adj.
严格的；僵硬的167.
advertise
v.
为...做广告168.
advertisement
n.
广告169.
agency
n.
代理商；经销商170.
forbid
vt.
不许；禁止171.
debate
n./v.
辩论；争论172.
debt
n.欠债173.
decade
n.十年174.
enclose
vt.
围住；把...装入信封175.
encounter
vt./n.
遭遇；遭到176.
globe
n.
地球；世界；地球仪177.sacrifice
vt.牺牲
n.牺牲；祭品178.
scan
vt.
细看；扫描；浏览179.
scandal
n.
丑事；丑闻180.
significance
n.
意义；重要性
2021年高考英语【阅读理解】题型强化训练一解析版
跟踪检测·迁移应用
练模拟，练规范，夯基提能
2021年高考英语【阅读理解】题型强化训练一解析版
Test
1
Brits
are
extremely
bad
at
languages,
with
many
of
us
relying
on
the
fact
that
the
rest
of
the
world
speak
English.
Only
half(51%)
are
able
to
speak
a
second
language
to
any
standard
and
as
more
people
travel
abroad,
this
is
becoming
an
increasing
regret,
according
to
a
new
study.
Almost
two?thirds(62%)
of
UK
adults
wish
they
were
better
at
speaking
languages.
So
they
can
better
understand
a
city’s
culture(38%
of
respondents),
talk
with
locals(24%)
and
go
beyond
the
guide
book(21%)．
Overcoming
language
barriers
can
be
one
of
the
most
difficult
parts
of
a
holiday,
particularly
when
in
unfamiliar
surroundings.
So
stressful
in
the
fact
that
10%
of
respondents
said
they
didn’t
travel
because
of
the
problem.
The
survey
by
Hostelworld
showed
that
one
in
five
blamed
getting
lost
on
the
language
barrier,
while
a
similar
number
had
problems
ordering
food
and
one
in
ten
got
on
the
wrong
train,
plane
or
other
form
of
transportation.
If
languages
weren’t
an
issue
then
one
in
eight(12%)
Brits
would
visit
Japan.
China,
Italy
and
Russia
were
also
popular
choices.
Despite
the
communication
problem,
Japan
has
seen
a
7.5%
increase
in
the
number
of
British
visitors
between
January
and
April,
compared
to
this
time
last
year.
“The
number
of
British
travelers
to
Japan
has
been
growing
year
on
year，”
according
to
Hollie
Mantle,
marketing
and
communication
manager
for
the
Japanese
Tourist
Board.
“People
are
realizing
that
Japan
is
one
of
the
most
hospitable
and
beautiful
countries
on
earth,
with
so
many
new
experiences
for
travelers
to
try,
not
to
mention
world?class
cuisine！”
They
had
this
message
for
Brits
thinking
about
visiting：“Though
some
travelers
worry
about
language
barriers,
as
soon
as
you
arrive
in
Japan,
you’ll
realize
that
people
will
go
out
of
their
way
to
help
you
enjoy
their
country.
There
really
are
few
‘barriers’—road
signs
and
train
stations
are
in
English,
you’ll
find
that
people
speak
more
English
than
they
let
on,
and
even
when
they
don’t,
they
will
go
above
and
beyond
to
help
you
out.”
1．What
do
we
know
from
the
first
two
paragraphs?
A．Brits
are
poor
at
languages.
B．Brits
regret
what
they
have
done.
C．Brits
like
relying
on
others.
D．Brits
are
good
at
languages.
2．How
many
Brits
can’t
order
food
correctly
because
of
language
barriers?
A．About
10%.
B．About
12%.
C．About
20%.
D．About
21%.
3．How
is
the
text
mainly
developed?
A．By
analyzing
causes.
B．By
giving
examples.
C．By
making
description.
D．By
listing
data.
【解题导语】本文主要介绍了语言障碍成为英国人出国旅游的一大顾虑。
1．A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Brits(英国人)
are
extremely
bad
at
languages,
with
many
of
us
relying
on
the
fact
that
the
rest
of
the
world
speak
English.”点题，并结合对前两段的整体理解可推知，英国人的语言能力比较差，故选A。
2．C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The
survey
by
Hostelworld
showed
that
one
in
five
blamed
getting
lost
on
the
language
barrier,
while
a
similar
number
had
problems
ordering
food”可知，1/5即20%的英国人因为语言障碍不能正确点餐，故选C。
3．D 解析：写作手法题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，本文列举了大量的数据来论证作者的观点，由此可推知，本文是通过列出数据来展开的，故选D。
Test
2
Robert
Frost(1874－1963)
was
the
statesman
of
American
letters
in
the
twentieth
century,
a
rare
national
poet
who
was
read
and
respected
by
both
university
professors
and
everyday
citizens.
In
his
life,
Frost
won
four
Pulitzer
Prizes
for
his
works—more
than
any
other
poet
in
American
history.
His
most
famous
poems
include
The
Road
Not
Taken,
Fire
and
Ice
and
Stopping
by
Woods
on
a
Snowy
Evening.
Though
he
is
widely
read,
Frost
is
also
one
of
the
most
misunderstood
writers
in
the
United
States
for
the
complexity
of
his
poems.
Though
born
in
California,
Frost
was
brought
up
in
New
England,
where
he
is
inseparably
linked.
After
dropping
out
of
Dartmouth
College
to
seek
his
literary
dream,
he
remained
upset
for
years,
producing
collections
of
works
but
failing
to
get
enough
of
them
published
to
make
his
efforts
financially
worthwhile.
Finally,
Frost
left
the
United
States
in
1912
to
see
whether
his
work
might
be
better
received
in
London.
It
was,
and
in
1913
his
first
full
collection
was
published
in
Great
Britain.
Fellow
American
poet
Amy
Lowell
adored
Frost’s
work
and
brought
it
back
to
the
United
States,
publicizing
it
insistently.
Soon
afterwards
Frost’s
collections
became
bestsellers,
and
he
became
a
famous
figure.
From
then
on,
Frost
was
on
his
way
to
the
lifelong
respect
and
recognition
for
his
achievements
in
poetry.
In
1961,
he
was
invited
to
read
a
poem
for
the
presidential
inauguration(总统就职典礼)
of
John
F．Kennedy.
He
recited
his
poem,
The
Gift
Outright,
from
memory
at
the
ceremony.
This
was
perhaps
his
last
poetry
reading
in
front
of
a
wide
national
audience
before
his
death
in
1963.More
importantly,
Frost
became
the
first
poet
to
read
a
poem
at
a
presidential
inauguration.
1．What
makes
Frost
“the
statesman
of
American
letters”？
A．The
comments
of
other
writers.
B．His
literary
achievements.
C．The
complexity
of
his
poems.
D．His
political
activities.
2．What
do
we
know
about
Frost
before
1912?
A．He
continued
writing
after
his
graduation
from
Dartmouth
College.
B．He
was
well
received
in
London
for
his
first
collection.
C．He
failed
to
make
much
money
with
his
publication.
D．He
produced
enough
works
to
achieve
literary
success.
3．According
to
the
passage,
what
brought
Frost
immediate
success
in
the
US?
A．The
literary
value
of
his
poetry.
B．The
publication
of
his
first
collection.
C．The
invitation
from
John
F．Kennedy.
D．The
recommendation
by
Amy
Lowell.
4．Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A．The
Literary
Life
of
Robert
Frost：An
Overview
B．Robert
Frost
and
the
Twentieth
Century
C．Robert
Frost：A
Historical
Figure
D．The
Popularity
of
Robert
Frost
【解题导语】文章主要介绍了美国伟大的诗人Robert
Frost的文学生涯。
1．B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“a
rare
national
poet
who
was
read
and
respected
by
both
university
professors
and
everyday
citizens...in
American
history”可知，他的文学成就很高。故选B项。
2．C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“but
failing
to
get
enough
of
them
published
to
make
his
efforts
financially
worthwhile”可知，当时Frost没能靠写作挣到很多钱。
3．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fellow
American
poet
Amy
Lowell
adored
Frost’s
work
and
brought
it
back
to
the
United
States,
publicizing
it
insistently...a
famous
figure.”可知，美国诗人Amy
Lowell喜欢Frost的作品，并把它带去了美国进行宣传，这使得Frost在美国迅速取得成功，故选D项。
4．A 解析：标题归纳题。本文介绍了美国伟大的诗人Robert
Frost的文学生涯。A选项意为“Robert
Frost的文学生涯概述”，能概括文意，故选A项。
Test
3
Air
pollution
shortens
human
lives
by
more
than
a
year,
according
to
a
new
study
from
a
team
of
leading
environmental
engineers
and
public
health
researchers.
Better
air
quality
could
lead
to
a
significant
extension
of
lifespans(寿命)
around
the
world.
It
is
the
first
time
that
data
on
air
pollution
and
the
lifespan
has
been
studied
together
in
order
to
check
how
air
pollution
affects
overall
life
expectancy.
The
researchers
looked
at
outdoor
air
pollution
from
particulate
matter(PM)(颗粒物)
smaller
than
2.5
microns.
These
particulates
can
enter
deep
into
the
lungs,
and
breathing
PM
2.5
is
associated
with
the
increased
risk
of
heart
attacks,
strokes
and
cancer.
PM
2.5
pollution
comes
from
power
plants,
cars
and
trucks,
fires,
agriculture
and
industrial
emissions(排放物)．
Led
by
Joshua
Apte,
the
team
used
data
from
the
Global
Burden
of
Disease
Study
to
measure
PM
2.5
air
pollution
exposure
and
its
consequences
in
185
countries.
They
then
quantified
the
national
impact
on
life
expectancy
for
each
individual
country
as
well
as
on
a
global
scale.
“The
fact
that
air
pollution
is
a
major
global
killer
is
already
well?known，”
said
Apte.
“And
we
all
care
about
how
long
we
can
live.
Here,
we
were
able
to
systematically
identify
how
air
pollution
shortens
lives
around
the
world.
What
we
found
is
that
air
pollution
has
a
very
large
effect
on
survival—on
average
about
a
year
globally.”
In
the
context
of
other
significant
phenomena
negatively
affecting
human
survival
rates,
Apte
said
this
is
a
big
number.
“For
example,
it’s
considerably
larger
than
the
benefit
in
survival
we
might
see
if
we
found
cures
for
both
lung
and
breast
cancer
combined，”
he
said.
“In
countries
like
India
and
China,
the
benefit
for
elderly
people
of
improving
air
quality
would
be
especially
large.
For
much
of
Asia,
if
air
pollution
were
removed
as
a
risk
for
death,
60?year?olds
would
have
a
15
percent
to
20
percent
higher
chance
of
living
to
age
85
or
older.”
1．What
do
we
know
about
PM
2.5?
A．It
has
a
bad
effect
on
human
health.
B．It
will
be
controlled
in
the
future.
C．It
mainly
comes
from
industrial
emissions.
D．It
spreads
to
the
world
from
Asian
countries.
2．What
did
the
researchers
do
to
study
how
air
pollution
affects
the
lifespan?
A．They
collected
accurate
information
from
all
the
Asian
countries.
B．They
employed
the
research
data
to
calculate
the
effect.
C．They
studied
the
disease
and
lifespan
together
time
and
time
again.
D．They
measured
particulate
matter
much
more
carefully
than
before.
3．What
can
be
inferred
from
the
text?
A．The
key
to
people
living
longer
is
good
air
quality.
B．People
think
air
pollution
is
the
most
dangerous
killer
to
them.
C．Apte
will
agree
that
people
should
take
action
to
deal
with
air
pollution.
D．Factories
should
decrease
the
production
of
cars
to
stop
air
pollution.
4．What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A．The
Way
Human
Beings
Enjoy
a
Longer
Lifespan
B．The
Importance
of
Getting
Rid
of
Air
Pollution
C．Asian
People
Are
Suffering
from
Serious
Air
Pollution
D．Air
Pollution
Reduces
the
Lifespan
by
More
than
One
Year
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命，但是空气污染使得细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命。
1．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“These
particulates
can
enter
deep
into
the
lungs,
and
breathing
PM
2.5
is
associated
with
the
increased
risk
of
heart
attacks,
strokes
and
cancer.”可知，PM
2.5影响人体健康，故A项正确。
2．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“It
is
the
first
time
that
data
on
air
pollution
and
the
lifespan
has
been
studied
together
in
order
to
check
how
air
pollution
affects
overall
life
expectancy.”可知，这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。故B项正确。
3．C 解析：推理判断题。根据尾段的内容，尤其是“In
countries
like
India
and
China,
the
benefit
for
elderly
people
of
improving
air
quality
would
be
especially
large.”可知，Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处。据此可推知，他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染，故C项正确。
4．D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air
pollution
shortens
human
lives
by
more
than
a
year,
according
to
a
new
study
from
a
team
of
leading
environmental
engineers
and
public
health
researchers.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章通过介绍科学研究，说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故D项最适合作本文的标题。
Test
4
Emilia
Dobek
traces
her
interest
in
space
and
the
universe
back
to
third
grade
when
she
and
her
father
watched
a
blood
moon—a
total
lunar
eclipse
(月食)—on
the
roof
of
their
house.
Now
a
seventh
grader
at
East
Prairie
Elementary
School,
Dobek
recently
won
the
national
Discovery
Education
Lockheed
Martin
Beyond
Challenge
by
designing
a
space
station
for
travelling
to
Mars.
She
says
that
night
watching
the
lunar
eclipse
started
a
strong
desire
in
her
that
has
yet
to
run
out
of
fuel.
So
when
her
teacher
Andrea
Smeeton
received
information
about
the
national
challenge,
Smeeton
said
she
immediately
had
one
student
in
mind.
“I
knew
she
would
love
the
challenge
and
that
she
would
go
way
beyond
in
her
search,”
Smeeton
said.
“She
immediately
started
researching
bone
density
(密度)
of
astronauts
and
how
to
have
food
on
Mars.”
“My
design
will
ensure
the
safety
of
the
astronauts
but
also
make
sure
their
comfort
is
out
of
this
world，”
Dobek
says.
Dobek’s
design
calls
for
building
the
MSS
or
Mars
Storage
Station
to
put
the
supplies
in.
It
also
includes
the
SGF
or
Self?Growing
Farm,
and
she
details
how
it
would
work
with
the
elements
on
Mars.
Then
there
is
physical
and
leisure
activity
for
the
astronauts
under
Dobek’s
design.
A
simulator
(模拟装置)
allows
astronauts
to
choose
their
exercise
machine
and
virtual
reality
environment.
Rooms
have
circular
ceilings
so
astronauts
will
be
able
to
watch
downloaded
shows
and
even
see
places
on
Earth,
such
as
their
homes.
“I
want
to
tell
other
kids
to
follow
their
passions,”
Dobek
said.
“Whatever
they
want
to
do,
they
should
push
for
it
and
always
try
their
best.”
1．Dobek
first
became
interested
in
space
when
________．
A．she
was
still
a
seventh
grader
B．she
studied
at
a
junior
high
school
C．she
lived
on
the
top
of
their
house
D．she
watched
an
eclipse
of
the
moon
2．Smeeton
recommended
that
Dobek
take
the
challenge
because
________．
A．she
knew
Dobek
liked
challenges
in
life
B．she
had
no
other
students
interested
in
Mars
C．Dobek
knew
how
to
research
bone
density
of
astronauts
D．she
was
sure
that
Dobek
would
have
outstanding
performance
3．What
does
Dobek
focus
on
when
designing
the
space
station?
A．The
environment
on
Mars.
B．The
safety
of
the
supplies.
C．The
activities
for
astronauts.
D．The
comfort
of
the
astronauts.
【解题导语】本文主要介绍了小学生Emilia
Dobek设计太空站，并赢得挑战的相关内容。
1．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Emilia
Dobek
traces
her
interest
in
space
and
the
universe
back
to
third
grade
when
she
and
her
father
watched
a
blood
moon—a
total
lunar
eclipse(月食)—on
the
roof
of
their
house.”可知，Dobek对太空感兴趣是从她三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的。
2．D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段Smeeton的话可推知，她对Dobek很了解，对其可以接受这项挑战并出色完成充满信心。
3．D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“make
sure
their
comfort
is
out
of
this
world”并结合对倒数第二段的整体理解可推知，Dobek的设计包含身体和休闲活动，让宇航员在太空中也能感到舒适。
Test
5
A
new
chapter
opened
in
mankind’s
exploration
of
the
moon
on
Thursday
morning
as
the
first
probe
(航天探测器)
to
land
on
the
moon’s
far
side
reached
its
destination
after
a
26?day
journey.
The
Chang’e
4
lunar
probe,
representing
China’s
latest
step
in
lunar
investigation,
landed
at
10：26
am
at
the
Von
Kármán
crater
and
then
sent
back
three
photos
of
the
landing
site
shot
by
cameras
on
the
probe’s
lander(着陆器),
marking
the
world’s
first
images
taken
on
the
surface
of
the
far
side.
One
of
the
photos,
published
by
the
China
National
Space
Administration,
shows
the
place
where
Chang’e
4’s
rover,
which
was
named
Yutu
2
on
Thursday
night,
will
be
heading
to
explore
and
survey.
Thus
began
the
first
long
journey
to
the
side
of
the
moon
that
faces
away
from
the
Earth.
It
is
meant
to
fulfill
scientists’
long?held
desire
to
closely
observe
the
lesser
known
region.
Tidal
(潮汐的)forces
on
Earth
slow
the
moon’s
rotation
to
the
point
that
the
same
side
always
faces
Earth.
The
other
side,
most
of
which
is
never
visible
from
Earth,
is
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
While
it
has
been
photographed
by
spacecraft,
starting
with
a
Soviet
probe
in
1959,
no
probe
had
ever
made
a
soft
landing
there,
so
scientists
had
not
been
able
to
conduct
surface?level
observations
and
surveys
of
the
region.
Wu
Weiren,
chief
designer
of
China’s
lunar
program,
said
in
Beijing
on
Thursday
that
the
landing
“was
perfect”.
He
called
the
event
“an
important
milestone
for
China’s
space
exploration”,
adding
that
it
has
made
a
good
start
for
future
lunar
exploration
efforts.
With
its
investigation
of
the
far
side,
particularly
the
Von
Kármán
crater,
the
Chang’e
4
mission
will
enable
scientists
to
find
out
what
they
haven’t
known
about
the
moon
and
deepen
their
knowledge
of
its
early
history
and
of
the
solar
system.
1．What
is
the
first
paragraph
mainly
about?
A．The
basic
data
of
the
Chang’e
4
lunar
probe.
B．The
Chang’e
4’s
world?first
landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side.
C．The
Chang’e
4’s
26?day
visit
to
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
D．The
description
of
the
photos
taken
on
the
surface
of
the
moon’s
far
side.
2．What
does
the
underlined
word
“it”
in
the
third
paragraph
refer
to?
A．The
lander.
B．The
rover.
C．The
far
side
of
the
moon.
D．The
Chang’e
4
lunar
probe.
3．What
can
we
infer
from
this
text?
A．It
is
only
on
the
moon
that
people
can
explore
the
deep
space.
B．The
scientific
information
obtained
by
Chang’e
4
will
be
new
to
the
world.
C．It
is
the
first
time
for
people
to
see
the
pictures
of
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
D．Chinese
space
technology
is
more
advanced
than
that
of
any
other
country’s.
4．In
which
section
of
a
website
can
we
probably
read
this
text?
A．Tourism.
B．Health
Care.
C．Science
and
Technology.
D．Art
and
Entertainment.
【解题导语】嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆，这标志着中国探月工程的巨大进步，同时也为人类了解月球的背面提供了信息。
1．B 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段第一句“A
new
chapter
opened
in
mankind’s
exploration
of
the
moon
on
Thursday
morning
as
the
first
probe(航天探测器)
to
land
on
the
moon’s
far
side
reached
its
destination
after
a
26?day
journey.”可知，本段主要介绍了嫦娥四号实现了人类首次在月球背面着陆。故选B。
2．C 解析：代词指代题。根据第三段的第二句“The
other
side,
most
of
which
is
never
visible
from
Earth,
is
the
far
side
of
the
moon.”以及画线词所在句中的“While
it
has
been
photographed
by
spacecraft”可知，it在这里指代“the
far
side
of
the
moon”，故选C。
3．B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“marking
the
world’s
first
images
taken
on
the
surface
of
the
far
side”可知，嫦娥四号月球探测器发回的照片是世界上首次在月球背面拍摄的，由此可推知，B项正确。
4．C 解析：文章出处题。本文为新闻报道，介绍了嫦娥四号探测器首次在月球背面着陆，这标志着中国探月工程的巨大进步，由此可推知，本文可能出自一个网站的科技版面。故选C。
Test
6
There
is
more
of
a
connection
between
food
and
culture
than
you
may
think.
On
an
individual
level,
we
grow
up
eating
the
food
of
our
culture.
It
becomes
a
part
of
who
we
are.
Many
associate
food
from
our
childhood
with
warm
feelings
and
good
memories
and
it
ties
us
to
our
families,
holding
a
special
and
personal
value
for
us.
Food
from
our
family
often
becomes
the
comfort
food
we
seek
as
adults
in
times
of
frustration
and
stress.
On
a
large
scale,
traditional
food
is
an
important
part
of
culture.
It
also
operates
as
an
expression
of
culture
identity.
Immigrants
bring
it
wherever
they
go,
and
it
is
a
symbol
of
pride
for
their
culture
and
means
of
coping
with
homesickness.
Many
immigrants
open
their
own
restaurants
and
serve
traditional
dishes.
However,
the
food
does
not
remain
exactly
the
same.
Some
materials
needed
to
make
traditional
dishes
may
not
be
readily
available,
so
the
taste
and
flavor
can
be
different
from
what
they
would
prepare
in
their
home
countries.
Additionally,
immigrants
do
not
only
sell
dishes
to
people
from
the
same
countries
as
them,
but
to
people
from
different
countries.
Therefore,
they
have
to
make
small
changes
about
the
original
dishes
to
cater
to
a
wider
range
of
customers.
Those
changes
can
create
new
flavors
that
still
keep
the
cultural
significance
of
the
dishes.
We
should
embrace
our
heritage(传统)
through
our
culture’s
food
but
also
become
more
informed
about
other
cultures
by
trying
their
food.
It
is
important
to
remember
that
each
dish
has
a
special
place
in
the
culture
to
which
it
belongs,
and
is
special
to
those
who
prepare
it.
Food
is
a
window
into
culture,
and
it
should
be
treated
as
such.
1．What’s
the
function
of
food
mentioned
in
the
text?
A．To
help
motivate
homesickness.
B．To
show
national
identity.
C．To
reflect
a
country’s
history.
D．To
show
a
community’s
superiority.
2．What
does
the
underlined
word
“it”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to?
A．The
specific
traditional
food.
B．The
national
culture.
C．A
traditional
expression
of
food.
D．The
old?fashioned
taste.
3．Why
do
some
immigrants
have
to
change
the
original
dishes
in
their
restaurant?
A．To
attach
cultural
importance
to
their
dishes.
B．To
announce
the
beginning
of
their
life
on
foreign
soil.
C．To
make
the
dishes
popular
among
customers.
D．To
present
their
own
food
culture
in
a
new
way.
4．What’s
the
author’s
attitude
towards
different
food
cultures?
A．Negative.
B．Balanced.
C．Unfair.
D．Unchangeable.
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了食物和文化之间的联系。
1．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第二、三句“On
an
individual
level,
we
grow
up
eating
the
food
of
our
culture.
It
becomes
a
part
of
who
we
are.”，再根据第二段的内容，尤其是第二句“It
also
operates
as
an
expression
of
culture
identity.”可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是显示国家身份。
2．A 解析：代词指代题。通读第二段可知，传统食物是文化的一个重要部分，它显示了文化身份，移民不管去哪儿都带着它，它象征着对自己文化的骄傲，也是处理乡愁的方法。由此可推知，it指代传统食物。
3．C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是第四、五句“Additionally,
immigrants
do
not
only
sell
dishes
to
people
from
the
same
countries
as
them,
but
to
people
from
different
countries.
Therefore,
they
have
to
make
small
changes
about
the
original
dishes
to
cater
to
a
wider
range
of
customers.”可知，移民不仅把菜肴卖给来自相同国家的人，还卖给不同国家的人。为了使菜肴受到顾客的欢迎，一些移民不得不对传统的菜肴做一些小小的改变。
4．B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句“We
should
embrace
our
heritage(传统)
through
our
culture’s
food
but
also
become
more
informed
about
other
cultures
by
trying
their
food.”可知，我们应该通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的传统，但也应该通过尝试其他文化的食物来了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者对不同的食物文化持客观公正的态度。2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺
专题16
【阅读理解】题型增分攻略一原题版
解题指导·触类旁通
寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”
掌握四种题型选项特征，快速阅读不失分
一．理解文中具体信息—细节理解题
阅读理解【细节理解题】满分攻略
命题趋势：通过语句的同义或反义转换来考察考生对文章的理解能力。
答题技巧
1.定位法→
①小标题定位法：根据题干关键词和文章小标题信息，快速定位有效信息所在区域。
②关键信息定位法：利用标志词，如专有名词、序数词、数字等来定位。
③首尾句定位法：适用于主题句鲜明的文章。
④同义定位法：根据题干关键词，在原文中定位其同义词。
2.查读法→
先看题干，带着问题去阅读文章，从而快而准地锁定目标信息。
3.排除法→
通过文章整体意思来判定难以抉择的选项。
命题规律
1.考察内容→
①时间、地点、人物、事件。
②议论文中的例证。
③数字类：时间、年龄、金额、数量等。
④原因和结果。
⑤定义类
2.考察题型→
①直接理解题：在原文中可直接找到答案。
②语意转化题：需将题目信息和原文信息进行语意转换，加工或处理。
③数字计算题：直接考查或计算考查。
④图表图画题：理解图中暗含信息，按图索骥。
3.题干设置→
①特殊疑问句形式：以when、where、what、which、who等疑问词开头引出的问题。
②判断是非的形式：Not
true或EXCEPT
等的判断是非的问题，要注意题干中是否有not
never
等否定词。
③以“According
to...”开头的提问形式。
4.正确选项特点→
①原文同义替换②词性、语态变化。③语言简化。④正话反说。
5.干扰项特点→
①扩缩范围
②张冠李戴
③正误并存
④无中生有⑤望文生义
⑥偷换概念
⑦文不对题
考点突破·针对提能
明考点，攻重难，有效提升
熟记高频词
→
突破阅读理解词汇障碍
高考英语考前必背570个高频词
第
一
组
第
二
组
1.accelerate
vt.
加速；促进2.absolute
adj.绝对的；无条件的；完全的3.liberal
adj.
慷慨的；丰富的；自由的4.transport
vt.运输;运送
n.
运输;运输工具5.mild
adj.
温暖的；暖和的；温柔的6.tender
adj.
温柔的；脆弱的7.nuisance
n.损害;妨害;讨厌（的人或事物）8.insignificant
adj.无意义的；无足轻重的9.export
n.
出口（物）
v.
出口,输出10.
import
n.
进口（物）
v.
进口,输入11.
impose
vt.
把...加强(on)；采用；利用12.
religion
n.
宗教；宗教信仰13.burst
vi./n.
突然发生；爆裂14.dispose
vi.
除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)15.blast
n.
爆炸；气流
vi.
炸,炸掉16.consume
v.
消耗；耗尽17.split
v.
劈开；割裂；分裂
adj.裂开的18.spit
v.
吐（唾液等）；唾弃19.spill
v.
溢出；溅出；倒出20.
extinct
adj.
绝灭的；熄灭的21.slide
v.
滑动；滑落
n.
滑动；幻灯片22.bacteria
n.
细菌23.breed
n.
种；品种
v.
繁殖；产仔24.budget
n.
预算
v.
编预算；作安排25.candidate
n.
候选人26.campus
n.
校园27.transform
v.
转变；变革；变换28.transmit
v.
传播；播送；传递29.transplant
v.
移植30.shift
v.
转移；转动；转变
31.vary
v.
变化；改变；使多样化32.vanish
vi.
消灭；不见33.swallow
v.
吞下；咽下
n.
燕子34.suspicion
n.
怀疑；疑心35.suspicious
adj.
怀疑的；可疑的36.boundary
n.
分界线；边界37.catalog
n.
目录（册）
v.
编目38.vague
adj.
模糊的；不明确的39.vain
n.
徒劳；白费40.extraordinary
adj.
不平常的；非凡的41.agent
n.
代理人；代理商；动因；原因42.alcohol
n.
含酒精的饮料；酒精43.appeal
n./vi.
呼吁；恳求44.appreciate
vt.
重视；赏识；欣赏45.approve
v.
赞成；同意；批准46.stimulate
vt.
刺激；激励47.acquire
vt.
取得；获得；学到48.accomplish
vt
.完成；到达；实行work
n.
网状物；电视网；网络50.tide
n.
潮汐；潮流51.wander
vi.
漫游；闲逛52.wax
n.
蜡53.weave
v.
织；编54.preserve
v.
保护；保存；保持；维持55.
abuse
v.
滥用；虐待；谩骂56.
academic
adj.学术的；研究院的57.
academy
n.
（高等）专科院校；学会58.
battery
n.
电池（组）59.
barrier
n.
障碍；棚栏60.
cargo
n.
（船、飞机等装载的）货物
第
三
组
第
四
组
61.
career
n.
生涯；职业62.
vessel
n.
船舶；容器；器皿；血管63.
vertical
adj.
垂直的64.
obscure
adj.
阴暗；模糊65.
extent
n.
程度；范围；大小；限度66.
external
adj.
外部的；外表的；外面的67.
petrol
n.
汽油68.
petroleum
n.
石油69.
delay
vt./n.
推迟；延误；耽搁70.
decay
vi.
腐烂；腐朽71.
decent
adj.
像样的；体面的72.
bother
v.
打搅；麻烦73.interfere
v.
干涉；干扰；妨碍74.
sake
n.
缘故；理由75.
satellite
n.
卫星76.
temple
n.
庙宇77.
tedious
adj.
乏味的；单调的78.
tend
vi.易于；趋向79.
tendency
n.趋向；趋势80.
ultimate
adj.
极端的；最大的；最终的81.
adopt
v.
收养；采用；采纳82.
adapt
vi.
适应,适合；改编
vt.
使适应83.
bachelor
n.
学士；学士学位；单身汉84.
casual
adj.
偶然的；碰巧的；非正式的85.
trap
n.
陷阱,圈套
v.
设陷阱捕捉86.
vacant
adj.
空的；未占用的87.
vacuum
n.
真空；真空吸尘器88.
oral
adj.
口头的；口述的89.
optics
n.
（单、复数同形）光学90.
organ
n.
器官；风琴
91.
excess
n.
过分；过量；过剩92.
expel
v.
驱逐；开除；赶出93.
expend
v.
消费94.
expenditure
n.
支出；消费；经费95.
expense
n.
开销；费用96.
expensive
adj.
花钱多的；价格高贵的97.
private
adj.
私人的；个人的98.
individual
adj.个别的；单独的
n.
个人99.
personal
adj.个人的；私人的；亲自的100.
personnel
n.
[总称]人员；员工101.
the
Pacific
Ocean
太平洋102.
the
Atlantic
Ocean
大西洋103.
the
Arctic
Ocean
北冰洋104.
the
Antarctic
Ocean
南冰洋105.
grant
vt.
授予；同意；准予106.
grand
adj.
宏伟大；壮丽的；重大的107.
invade
v.
侵入；侵略；侵袭108.
acid
n.
酸；酸性物质
adj.
酸的109.
acknowledge
v.
承认；致谢110.
balcony
n.
阳台111.
calculate
vt.
计算；核算112.
calendar
n.
日历；月历113.
optimistic
adj.
乐观114.
optional
adj.
可以任选的；非强制的115.
outstanding
adj.
杰出的；显著的116.
religious
adj.
宗教的117.
victim
n.
牺牲品；受害者118.internal
adj.
内部的；国内的119.
videotape
n.
录像磁带
v.
录像120.
offend
v.
冒犯；触犯
第
五
组
第
六
组
121.
favorable
adj.
称赞道；有利的122.submit
vi.(to)屈服；听从123.timber
n.
木材；原木124.
beforehand
adv.
预先；事先125.
racial
adj.
人种的种族的126.
radiation
n.
放射物；辐射127.
radical
adj.根本的；激进的128.
range
n.
范围
v.（在某范围内）变动129.
wonder
n.惊奇；奇迹
v.对...感到疑惑130.
isolate
vt.
使隔离；使孤立131.
issue
n.
问题；发行；（报刊）一期132.
hollow
adj.
空的；中空的；空腹的133.
hook
n.
钩
vt.
钩住134.
adequate
adj.
适当的；充足的135.
adhere
vi.
粘附；附着；遵守；坚持136.
ban
n.
禁令
vt.
取缔；禁止137.
capture
vt.
俘虏；捕获138.
valid
adj.
有效的；正当的139.
valley
n.
山谷；峡谷140.
consistent
adj.
一致的；始终如一的141.
continuous
adj.继续的;连续（不断）的142.
continual
adj.
不断地；频繁的143.
explode
v.
爆炸；爆发；激增144.
exploit
v.
剥削；利用；开采145.
explore
v.
勘探146.
explosion
n.
爆炸；爆发；激增147.
explosive
adj.
爆炸的；易引起争论的148.
remote
adj.
遥远的；偏僻的149.
removal
n.
除去；消除150.
render
vt.
使得；致使
151.
render
vt.
呈递；
归还；汇报；实施152.
precaution
n.
预防；防备；警惕153.
idle
adj.
懒散的；无所事事的154.
identify
vt.
认出；鉴定155.
identify
n.
身份；个性；特性156.
poverty
n.
贫穷157.
resistant
adj.
(to)抵抗的;抗...的;耐...的158.
resolve
vt.
解决；决定；决意159.
barrel
n.
桶160.
bargain
n.
便宜货
vi.
讨价还价161.
coarse
adj.
粗的；粗糙的；粗劣的162.
coach
n.
教练；长途公共汽车163.
code
n.
准则；法规；密码164.
coil
n.
线圈
v.
卷；盘绕165.ridge
n.
脊；山脊；埂166.
rigid
adj.
严格的；僵硬的167.
advertise
v.
为...做广告168.
advertisement
n.
广告169.
agency
n.
代理商；经销商170.
forbid
vt.
不许；禁止171.
debate
n./v.
辩论；争论172.
debt
n.欠债173.
decade
n.十年174.
enclose
vt.
围住；把...装入信封175.
encounter
vt./n.
遭遇；遭到176.
globe
n.
地球；世界；地球仪177.sacrifice
vt.牺牲
n.牺牲；祭品178.
scan
vt.
细看；扫描；浏览179.
scandal
n.
丑事；丑闻180.
significance
n.
意义；重要性
2021年高考英语【阅读理解】题型强化训练一原题版
跟踪检测·迁移应用
练模拟，练规范，夯基提能
2021年高考英语【阅读理解】题型强化训练一解析版
Test
1
Brits
are
extremely
bad
at
languages,
with
many
of
us
relying
on
the
fact
that
the
rest
of
the
world
speak
English.
Only
half(51%)
are
able
to
speak
a
second
language
to
any
standard
and
as
more
people
travel
abroad,
this
is
becoming
an
increasing
regret,
according
to
a
new
study.
Almost
two?thirds(62%)
of
UK
adults
wish
they
were
better
at
speaking
languages.
So
they
can
better
understand
a
city’s
culture(38%
of
respondents),
talk
with
locals(24%)
and
go
beyond
the
guide
book(21%)．
Overcoming
language
barriers
can
be
one
of
the
most
difficult
parts
of
a
holiday,
particularly
when
in
unfamiliar
surroundings.
So
stressful
in
the
fact
that
10%
of
respondents
said
they
didn’t
travel
because
of
the
problem.
The
survey
by
Hostelworld
showed
that
one
in
five
blamed
getting
lost
on
the
language
barrier,
while
a
similar
number
had
problems
ordering
food
and
one
in
ten
got
on
the
wrong
train,
plane
or
other
form
of
transportation.
If
languages
weren’t
an
issue
then
one
in
eight(12%)
Brits
would
visit
Japan.
China,
Italy
and
Russia
were
also
popular
choices.
Despite
the
communication
problem,
Japan
has
seen
a
7.5%
increase
in
the
number
of
British
visitors
between
January
and
April,
compared
to
this
time
last
year.
“The
number
of
British
travelers
to
Japan
has
been
growing
year
on
year，”
according
to
Hollie
Mantle,
marketing
and
communication
manager
for
the
Japanese
Tourist
Board.
“People
are
realizing
that
Japan
is
one
of
the
most
hospitable
and
beautiful
countries
on
earth,
with
so
many
new
experiences
for
travelers
to
try,
not
to
mention
world?class
cuisine！”
They
had
this
message
for
Brits
thinking
about
visiting：“Though
some
travelers
worry
about
language
barriers,
as
soon
as
you
arrive
in
Japan,
you’ll
realize
that
people
will
go
out
of
their
way
to
help
you
enjoy
their
country.
There
really
are
few
‘barriers’—road
signs
and
train
stations
are
in
English,
you’ll
find
that
people
speak
more
English
than
they
let
on,
and
even
when
they
don’t,
they
will
go
above
and
beyond
to
help
you
out.”
1．What
do
we
know
from
the
first
two
paragraphs?
A．Brits
are
poor
at
languages.
B．Brits
regret
what
they
have
done.
C．Brits
like
relying
on
others.
D．Brits
are
good
at
languages.
2．How
many
Brits
can’t
order
food
correctly
because
of
language
barriers?
A．About
10%.
B．About
12%.
C．About
20%.
D．About
21%.
3．How
is
the
text
mainly
developed?
A．By
analyzing
causes.
B．By
giving
examples.
C．By
making
description.
D．By
listing
data.
Test
2
Robert
Frost(1874－1963)
was
the
statesman
of
American
letters
in
the
twentieth
century,
a
rare
national
poet
who
was
read
and
respected
by
both
university
professors
and
everyday
citizens.
In
his
life,
Frost
won
four
Pulitzer
Prizes
for
his
works—more
than
any
other
poet
in
American
history.
His
most
famous
poems
include
The
Road
Not
Taken,
Fire
and
Ice
and
Stopping
by
Woods
on
a
Snowy
Evening.
Though
he
is
widely
read,
Frost
is
also
one
of
the
most
misunderstood
writers
in
the
United
States
for
the
complexity
of
his
poems.
Though
born
in
California,
Frost
was
brought
up
in
New
England,
where
he
is
inseparably
linked.
After
dropping
out
of
Dartmouth
College
to
seek
his
literary
dream,
he
remained
upset
for
years,
producing
collections
of
works
but
failing
to
get
enough
of
them
published
to
make
his
efforts
financially
worthwhile.
Finally,
Frost
left
the
United
States
in
1912
to
see
whether
his
work
might
be
better
received
in
London.
It
was,
and
in
1913
his
first
full
collection
was
published
in
Great
Britain.
Fellow
American
poet
Amy
Lowell
adored
Frost’s
work
and
brought
it
back
to
the
United
States,
publicizing
it
insistently.
Soon
afterwards
Frost’s
collections
became
bestsellers,
and
he
became
a
famous
figure.
From
then
on,
Frost
was
on
his
way
to
the
lifelong
respect
and
recognition
for
his
achievements
in
poetry.
In
1961,
he
was
invited
to
read
a
poem
for
the
presidential
inauguration(总统就职典礼)
of
John
F．Kennedy.
He
recited
his
poem,
The
Gift
Outright,
from
memory
at
the
ceremony.
This
was
perhaps
his
last
poetry
reading
in
front
of
a
wide
national
audience
before
his
death
in
1963.More
importantly,
Frost
became
the
first
poet
to
read
a
poem
at
a
presidential
inauguration.
1．What
makes
Frost
“the
statesman
of
American
letters”？
A．The
comments
of
other
writers.
B．His
literary
achievements.
C．The
complexity
of
his
poems.
D．His
political
activities.
2．What
do
we
know
about
Frost
before
1912?
A．He
continued
writing
after
his
graduation
from
Dartmouth
College.
B．He
was
well
received
in
London
for
his
first
collection.
C．He
failed
to
make
much
money
with
his
publication.
D．He
produced
enough
works
to
achieve
literary
success.
3．According
to
the
passage,
what
brought
Frost
immediate
success
in
the
US?
A．The
literary
value
of
his
poetry.
B．The
publication
of
his
first
collection.
C．The
invitation
from
John
F．Kennedy.
D．The
recommendation
by
Amy
Lowell.
4．Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A．The
Literary
Life
of
Robert
Frost：An
Overview
B．Robert
Frost
and
the
Twentieth
Century
C．Robert
Frost：A
Historical
Figure
D．The
Popularity
of
Robert
Frost
Test
3
Air
pollution
shortens
human
lives
by
more
than
a
year,
according
to
a
new
study
from
a
team
of
leading
environmental
engineers
and
public
health
researchers.
Better
air
quality
could
lead
to
a
significant
extension
of
lifespans(寿命)
around
the
world.
It
is
the
first
time
that
data
on
air
pollution
and
the
lifespan
has
been
studied
together
in
order
to
check
how
air
pollution
affects
overall
life
expectancy.
The
researchers
looked
at
outdoor
air
pollution
from
particulate
matter(PM)(颗粒物)
smaller
than
2.5
microns.
These
particulates
can
enter
deep
into
the
lungs,
and
breathing
PM
2.5
is
associated
with
the
increased
risk
of
heart
attacks,
strokes
and
cancer.
PM
2.5
pollution
comes
from
power
plants,
cars
and
trucks,
fires,
agriculture
and
industrial
emissions(排放物)．
Led
by
Joshua
Apte,
the
team
used
data
from
the
Global
Burden
of
Disease
Study
to
measure
PM
2.5
air
pollution
exposure
and
its
consequences
in
185
countries.
They
then
quantified
the
national
impact
on
life
expectancy
for
each
individual
country
as
well
as
on
a
global
scale.
“The
fact
that
air
pollution
is
a
major
global
killer
is
already
well?known，”
said
Apte.
“And
we
all
care
about
how
long
we
can
live.
Here,
we
were
able
to
systematically
identify
how
air
pollution
shortens
lives
around
the
world.
What
we
found
is
that
air
pollution
has
a
very
large
effect
on
survival—on
average
about
a
year
globally.”
In
the
context
of
other
significant
phenomena
negatively
affecting
human
survival
rates,
Apte
said
this
is
a
big
number.
“For
example,
it’s
considerably
larger
than
the
benefit
in
survival
we
might
see
if
we
found
cures
for
both
lung
and
breast
cancer
combined，”
he
said.
“In
countries
like
India
and
China,
the
benefit
for
elderly
people
of
improving
air
quality
would
be
especially
large.
For
much
of
Asia,
if
air
pollution
were
removed
as
a
risk
for
death,
60?year?olds
would
have
a
15
percent
to
20
percent
higher
chance
of
living
to
age
85
or
older.”
1．What
do
we
know
about
PM
2.5?
A．It
has
a
bad
effect
on
human
health.
B．It
will
be
controlled
in
the
future.
C．It
mainly
comes
from
industrial
emissions.
D．It
spreads
to
the
world
from
Asian
countries.
2．What
did
the
researchers
do
to
study
how
air
pollution
affects
the
lifespan?
A．They
collected
accurate
information
from
all
the
Asian
countries.
B．They
employed
the
research
data
to
calculate
the
effect.
C．They
studied
the
disease
and
lifespan
together
time
and
time
again.
D．They
measured
particulate
matter
much
more
carefully
than
before.
3．What
can
be
inferred
from
the
text?
A．The
key
to
people
living
longer
is
good
air
quality.
B．People
think
air
pollution
is
the
most
dangerous
killer
to
them.
C．Apte
will
agree
that
people
should
take
action
to
deal
with
air
pollution.
D．Factories
should
decrease
the
production
of
cars
to
stop
air
pollution.
4．What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A．The
Way
Human
Beings
Enjoy
a
Longer
Lifespan
B．The
Importance
of
Getting
Rid
of
Air
Pollution
C．Asian
People
Are
Suffering
from
Serious
Air
Pollution
D．Air
Pollution
Reduces
the
Lifespan
by
More
than
One
Year
Test
4
Emilia
Dobek
traces
her
interest
in
space
and
the
universe
back
to
third
grade
when
she
and
her
father
watched
a
blood
moon—a
total
lunar
eclipse
(月食)—on
the
roof
of
their
house.
Now
a
seventh
grader
at
East
Prairie
Elementary
School,
Dobek
recently
won
the
national
Discovery
Education
Lockheed
Martin
Beyond
Challenge
by
designing
a
space
station
for
travelling
to
Mars.
She
says
that
night
watching
the
lunar
eclipse
started
a
strong
desire
in
her
that
has
yet
to
run
out
of
fuel.
So
when
her
teacher
Andrea
Smeeton
received
information
about
the
national
challenge,
Smeeton
said
she
immediately
had
one
student
in
mind.
“I
knew
she
would
love
the
challenge
and
that
she
would
go
way
beyond
in
her
search,”
Smeeton
said.
“She
immediately
started
researching
bone
density
(密度)
of
astronauts
and
how
to
have
food
on
Mars.”
“My
design
will
ensure
the
safety
of
the
astronauts
but
also
make
sure
their
comfort
is
out
of
this
world，”
Dobek
says.
Dobek’s
design
calls
for
building
the
MSS
or
Mars
Storage
Station
to
put
the
supplies
in.
It
also
includes
the
SGF
or
Self?Growing
Farm,
and
she
details
how
it
would
work
with
the
elements
on
Mars.
Then
there
is
physical
and
leisure
activity
for
the
astronauts
under
Dobek’s
design.
A
simulator
(模拟装置)
allows
astronauts
to
choose
their
exercise
machine
and
virtual
reality
environment.
Rooms
have
circular
ceilings
so
astronauts
will
be
able
to
watch
downloaded
shows
and
even
see
places
on
Earth,
such
as
their
homes.
“I
want
to
tell
other
kids
to
follow
their
passions,”
Dobek
said.
“Whatever
they
want
to
do,
they
should
push
for
it
and
always
try
their
best.”
1．Dobek
first
became
interested
in
space
when
________．
A．she
was
still
a
seventh
grader
B．she
studied
at
a
junior
high
school
C．she
lived
on
the
top
of
their
house
D．she
watched
an
eclipse
of
the
moon
2．Smeeton
recommended
that
Dobek
take
the
challenge
because
________．
A．she
knew
Dobek
liked
challenges
in
life
B．she
had
no
other
students
interested
in
Mars
C．Dobek
knew
how
to
research
bone
density
of
astronauts
D．she
was
sure
that
Dobek
would
have
outstanding
performance
3．What
does
Dobek
focus
on
when
designing
the
space
station?
A．The
environment
on
Mars.
B．The
safety
of
the
supplies.
C．The
activities
for
astronauts.
D．The
comfort
of
the
astronauts.
Test
5
A
new
chapter
opened
in
mankind’s
exploration
of
the
moon
on
Thursday
morning
as
the
first
probe
(航天探测器)
to
land
on
the
moon’s
far
side
reached
its
destination
after
a
26?day
journey.
The
Chang’e
4
lunar
probe,
representing
China’s
latest
step
in
lunar
investigation,
landed
at
10：26
am
at
the
Von
Kármán
crater
and
then
sent
back
three
photos
of
the
landing
site
shot
by
cameras
on
the
probe’s
lander(着陆器),
marking
the
world’s
first
images
taken
on
the
surface
of
the
far
side.
One
of
the
photos,
published
by
the
China
National
Space
Administration,
shows
the
place
where
Chang’e
4’s
rover,
which
was
named
Yutu
2
on
Thursday
night,
will
be
heading
to
explore
and
survey.
Thus
began
the
first
long
journey
to
the
side
of
the
moon
that
faces
away
from
the
Earth.
It
is
meant
to
fulfill
scientists’
long?held
desire
to
closely
observe
the
lesser
known
region.
Tidal
(潮汐的)forces
on
Earth
slow
the
moon’s
rotation
to
the
point
that
the
same
side
always
faces
Earth.
The
other
side,
most
of
which
is
never
visible
from
Earth,
is
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
While
it
has
been
photographed
by
spacecraft,
starting
with
a
Soviet
probe
in
1959,
no
probe
had
ever
made
a
soft
landing
there,
so
scientists
had
not
been
able
to
conduct
surface?level
observations
and
surveys
of
the
region.
Wu
Weiren,
chief
designer
of
China’s
lunar
program,
said
in
Beijing
on
Thursday
that
the
landing
“was
perfect”.
He
called
the
event
“an
important
milestone
for
China’s
space
exploration”,
adding
that
it
has
made
a
good
start
for
future
lunar
exploration
efforts.
With
its
investigation
of
the
far
side,
particularly
the
Von
Kármán
crater,
the
Chang’e
4
mission
will
enable
scientists
to
find
out
what
they
haven’t
known
about
the
moon
and
deepen
their
knowledge
of
its
early
history
and
of
the
solar
system.
1．What
is
the
first
paragraph
mainly
about?
A．The
basic
data
of
the
Chang’e
4
lunar
probe.
B．The
Chang’e
4’s
world?first
landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side.
C．The
Chang’e
4’s
26?day
visit
to
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
D．The
description
of
the
photos
taken
on
the
surface
of
the
moon’s
far
side.
2．What
does
the
underlined
word
“it”
in
the
third
paragraph
refer
to?
A．The
lander.
B．The
rover.
C．The
far
side
of
the
moon.
D．The
Chang’e
4
lunar
probe.
3．What
can
we
infer
from
this
text?
A．It
is
only
on
the
moon
that
people
can
explore
the
deep
space.
B．The
scientific
information
obtained
by
Chang’e
4
will
be
new
to
the
world.
C．It
is
the
first
time
for
people
to
see
the
pictures
of
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
D．Chinese
space
technology
is
more
advanced
than
that
of
any
other
country’s.
4．In
which
section
of
a
website
can
we
probably
read
this
text?
A．Tourism.
B．Health
Care.
C．Science
and
Technology.
D．Art
and
Entertainment.
Test
6
There
is
more
of
a
connection
between
food
and
culture
than
you
may
think.
On
an
individual
level,
we
grow
up
eating
the
food
of
our
culture.
It
becomes
a
part
of
who
we
are.
Many
associate
food
from
our
childhood
with
warm
feelings
and
good
memories
and
it
ties
us
to
our
families,
holding
a
special
and
personal
value
for
us.
Food
from
our
family
often
becomes
the
comfort
food
we
seek
as
adults
in
times
of
frustration
and
stress.
On
a
large
scale,
traditional
food
is
an
important
part
of
culture.
It
also
operates
as
an
expression
of
culture
identity.
Immigrants
bring
it
wherever
they
go,
and
it
is
a
symbol
of
pride
for
their
culture
and
means
of
coping
with
homesickness.
Many
immigrants
open
their
own
restaurants
and
serve
traditional
dishes.
However,
the
food
does
not
remain
exactly
the
same.
Some
materials
needed
to
make
traditional
dishes
may
not
be
readily
available,
so
the
taste
and
flavor
can
be
different
from
what
they
would
prepare
in
their
home
countries.
Additionally,
immigrants
do
not
only
sell
dishes
to
people
from
the
same
countries
as
them,
but
to
people
from
different
countries.
Therefore,
they
have
to
make
small
changes
about
the
original
dishes
to
cater
to
a
wider
range
of
customers.
Those
changes
can
create
new
flavors
that
still
keep
the
cultural
significance
of
the
dishes.
We
should
embrace
our
heritage(传统)
through
our
culture’s
food
but
also
become
more
informed
about
other
cultures
by
trying
their
food.
It
is
important
to
remember
that
each
dish
has
a
special
place
in
the
culture
to
which
it
belongs,
and
is
special
to
those
who
prepare
it.
Food
is
a
window
into
culture,
and
it
should
be
treated
as
such.
1．What’s
the
function
of
food
mentioned
in
the
text?
A．To
help
motivate
homesickness.
B．To
show
national
identity.
C．To
reflect
a
country’s
history.
D．To
show
a
community’s
superiority.
2．What
does
the
underlined
word
“it”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to?
A．The
specific
traditional
food.
B．The
national
culture.
C．A
traditional
expression
of
food.
D．The
old?fashioned
taste.
3．Why
do
some
immigrants
have
to
change
the
original
dishes
in
their
restaurant?
A．To
attach
cultural
importance
to
their
dishes.
B．To
announce
the
beginning
of
their
life
on
foreign
soil.
C．To
make
the
dishes
popular
among
customers.
D．To
present
their
own
food
culture
in
a
new
way.
4．What’s
the
author’s
attitude
towards
different
food
cultures?
A．Negative.
B．Balanced.
C．Unfair.
D．Unchangeable.
