2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺
专题18
【阅读理解】题型增分攻略三原题版
解题指导·触类旁通
寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”
三．提炼加工
明主旨—主旨大意题
阅读理解【主旨大意题】满分攻略
命题规律
命题趋势
主旨大意题在阅读理解中比重不高，但属于每年必考的题型，设题1-2题
考查内容
考查考生对文章整体或局部主旨大意的理解和概括。
正确选项特点
①不含细节信息和绝对意义的词②恰当概括内容
干扰项特点
以偏概全
②断章取义
③主题扩大
④似是而非
⑤张冠李戴
答题技巧点拨
题型
题干标志词
浏览全文，寻找主题词或主题句；归纳文章主要内容
归纳标题
title
标题标准
精→语言精炼
准→准确定位作者观点的内涵和外延
统→统领细节
新→新颖有吸引力
概括文章大意或者段落大意
titletopicthemechieflymainlymain
ideasubjectin
chiefsummarizetry
to
express等标志词
找主题词
根据文体略读从文章或段落中寻找高频词根据对文章或段落的理解，用主题词概括大意
找主题句
主题句特
点
结构特点
标志词及解题思路
主题句在文首或段首
主题句
↓支撑句
在文首或段首的主题句后面的标志词有：first,
next,
also,
to
begin
with,
one...the
other，for
example等
主题句在文尾或段尾
细节描述
↓归纳要点
↓概括主题
在文尾或段尾引出结论的标志词有：clearly,
so,
thus,
consequence，therefore，
in
conclusion，in
short等
主题句在文中或段中
细节描述
↓归纳主题
↓进一步解释
当段落中出现表示转折的词语however,
but,
in
fact,
actually等标志词时，该句很可能是主题句。
没
有主题句
没有明显的主题句，暗示性地体现主题。
根据事实、线索综合分析，概括大意。不能以偏概全，也不能过于宽泛。
考点突破·针对提能
明考点，攻重难，有效提升
熟记高频词
→
突破阅读理解词汇障碍
高考英语考前必背570个高频词
第
十
三
组
第
十
四
组
351.
semester
n.
学期；半年352.
semiconductor
n.
半导体353.
seminar
n.
研讨会354.
terminal
adj.
末端的；极限的
n.
终点355.
territory
n.
领土356.
approximate
adj.大概的;大约v.
近似357.
arbitrary
adj.
随意的；未断的358.
architect
n.
建筑师359.
architecture
n.
建筑学360.
biology
n.
生物学361.
geography
n.
地理（学）362.
geology
n.
地质学363.
geometry
n.
几何（学）364.
arithmetic
n.
算术365.
algebra
n.
代数366.
entertainment
n.
娱乐；招待；款待367.
enthusiasm
n.
热情；热心368.
entry
n.进入;入口处；参赛的人（或物）369.
environment
n.
环境370.
episode
n.
插曲；片段371.
equation
n.
方程式372.
restrain
vt.
阻止；抑制373.
restraint
n.
抑制；限制374.
resume
v.
中断后重新开始375.
severe
adj.
严重的376.
sexual
adj.
性别的377.
simplicity
n.
简单；朴素
378.
slender
adj.
苗条的；修长的379.
sorrow
n.
悲哀；悲痛380.
stuff
n.
原料；材料
vt.
填进；塞满381.
temporary
adj.
暂时的；临时的382.
temptation
n.
诱惑；引诱383.
terror
n.
恐怖384.
thrust
v.
挤；推；插385.
treaty
n.
条约；协定386.
arise
vi.
产生；出现；发生；起身387.
arouse
vt.
引起；激起；唤醒388.
burden
n.
重担；负荷389.
bureau
n.
局；办事处390
marvelous
adj.
奇迹般的；惊人的391.
massive
adj.
大的；大量的；大块的392.
mature
adj.
成熟的393.
maximum
adj.
最高的；最大的394.
minimum
adj.
最低的；最小的395.
nonsense
n.
胡说；冒失的行动396.
nuclear
adj.
核子的；核能的397.
nucleus
n.
核398.
retail
n./v./adv.
零售399.
retain
vt.
保留；保持400.
restrict
vt.
限制；约束401.
sponsor
n.主办者
vt.发起,主办,资助402.
spur
n./vt.
刺激；激励403.
triumph
n.
胜利；成功404.
tuition
n.
学费
第
十
五
组
第
十
六
组
405.
twist
vt.
使缠绕；转动；扭歪406.
undergraduate
n.
大学肄业生407.
universal
adj.
普遍的;通用的；宇宙的408.
universe
n.
宇宙409.
via
prep.
经由；经过；通过410.
vibrate
v.
振动；摇摆411.
virus
n.
病毒412.
voluntary
adj.
自愿的413.
volunteer
n.
志愿者
v.
自愿（做）414.
vote
v.
选举
n.
选票415.
wagon
n.
四轮马车；铁路货车416.
appoint
vt.
任命；委派417.
approach
v.
靠近；接近
n.
途径,方式418.
appropriate
adj.
适当的419.
bunch
n.
群；伙；束；串420.
bundle
n.
捆；包；束
vt.
收集；归拢421.
conquer
vt.
征服422.
chaos
n.
混乱；紊乱423.
discount
n.
（价格）折扣424.
display
n./vt.
陈列；展览425.
equivalent
adj.
相等的
adj.
相等物426.
erect
adj.
竖直的
v.
建造,竖立427.
fax
n./vt.
传真428.
fertile
adj.
肥沃的；多产的429.
fertilizer
n.
肥料430.
hardware
n.
五金器具431.
horror
n.
恐怖432.
horrible
adj.
可怕的
433.
Internet
n.
国际互联网；因特网434.
interpret
v.
翻译；解释435.
interpretation
n.
解释；说明436.
leak
v.
漏；渗出437.
lean
vi.
倾斜；倚；靠438.
leap
vi.
跳跃439
modify
vt.
修改440.
nylon
n.
尼龙441.
onion
n.
洋葱442.
powder
n.
粉末443.
applicable
adj.
可应用的；适当的444.
applicant
n.
申请人445.
breadth
n.
宽度446.
conservation
n.
保存；保护447.
conservative
adj.
保守的448.
parallel
n.
平行线；可相比拟的事物449.
passion
n.
激情；热情450.
passive
adj.
被动的；消极的451.
pat
v./n.
轻拍；轻打452.
peak
n.
山峰；顶点453.
phenomenon
n.
现象454.
reluctant
adj.
不情愿的；勉强的455.
rely
vi.
(on
,upon)依赖；指望456.
relevant
adj.
有关的；切题的457.
reliable
adj.
可靠的458.
relief
n.
轻松；宽慰；减轻459.
reputation
n.
名气；声誉460.
rescue
vt./n.
营救
2021年高考英语【阅读理解】题型强化训练三原题版
跟踪检测·迁移应用
练模拟，练规范，夯基提能
Test
1
Author
Walter
Dean
Myers
died
at
the
age
of
76
after
a
brief
illness.
Walter
Dean
Myers
was
the
author
of
more
than
100
books
for
children
and
young
adults
and
received
many
top
awards.
The
prolific
author
was
loved
for
his
vivid
description
of
the
lives
of
African
American
children,
and
for
writing
books
for
young
people
that
covered
different
subjects.
“Myers
has
written
about
all
those
subjects
with
deep
understanding
and
a
hard?won,
qualified
sense
of
hope,”
said
Leonard
S.
Marcus
in
2008.
He
was
born
in
1937
and
was
adopted
by
Florence
Dean
and
Herbert
after
his
mother
died
while
giving
birth
to
his
younger
sister.
They
loved
him
very
much
and
his
mother
read
to
him
from
a
very
young
age.
Reading
pushed
him
to
discover
worlds
beyond
his
landscape.
He
began
writing
at
an
early
age.
He
wrote
well
in
high
school
and
an
English
teacher
recognized
this
and
advised
him
to
keep
on
writing
no
matter
what
happened
to
him.
“It’s
what
you
do,”
she
said.
He
dropped
out
of
high
school
at
17
and
joined
the
army.
After
finishing
his
service,
he
entered
a
dark
period
in
his
life.
Myers
began
writing
at
night
to
pull
himself
through
that
miserable
time.
In
an
essay
published
in
The
New
York
Times
earlier
this
year,
Myers
described
how
a
short
story
by
James
Arthur
Baldwin
helped
change
the
course
of
his
life.
“I
didn’t
love
the
story,
but
I
was
lifted
by
it，”
he
wrote,
“for
it
took
place
in
Harlem,
and
it
was
a
story
concerned
with
black
people
like
those
I
knew.
By
humanizing
the
people
who
were
like
me,
Baldwin’s
story
also
humanized
me.
The
story
gave
me
a
permission
that
I
didn’t
know
I
needed,
the
permission
to
write
about
my
own
landscape,
my
own
map.”
“I
write
books
for
the
troubled
boy
I
once
was,”
he
wrote,
“and
for
the
boy
who
lives
within
me
still.”
1．What
does
the
second
paragraph
mainly
talk
about?
A．How
popular
Myers
was.
B．How
Myers
became
successful.
C．What
makes
Myers’
works
popular.
D．What
people
think
of
Myers’
works.
2．Who
discovered
Myers’
writing
talent?
A．James
Arthur
Baldwin.
B．His
mother.
C．Leonard
S.
Marcus.
D．One
of
his
teachers.
3．What
does
the
underlined
word
“prolific”
in
Paragraph
2
probably
mean?
A．Productive.
B．Unfortunate.
C．Conservative.
D．Humorous.
4．Why
was
the
short
story
by
James
Arthur
Baldwin
so
important
for
Myers?
A．It
helped
him
survive
the
dark
period.
B．It
inspired
him
to
pursue
his
writing
career.
C．He
learned
many
writing
techniques
from
it.
D．The
author
of
the
story
permitted
him
to
write.
Test
2
Who’re
happier,
men
or
women?
Research
shows
it’s
a
complex
question
and
that
asking
whether
males
or
females
are
happier
isn’t
really
that
helpful,
because
basically,
happiness
is
different
for
women
and
men.
Women’s
happiness
has
been
declining
for
the
past
30
years,
according
to
recent
statistics.
And
research
shows
that
women
are
twice
as
likely
to
experience
depression
compared
with
men.
Gender(性别)
differences
in
depression
are
well
confirmed
and
studies
have
found
that
biological,
psychological
and
social
factors
contribute
to
the
difference.
Early
studies
on
gender
and
happiness
found
men
and
women
were
socialized
to
express
different
feelings.
Women
are
more
likely
to
express
happiness,
warmth
and
fear,
which
help
with
social
bonding
and
appear
more
consistent
with
the
traditional
role
as
a
primary
caregiver,
while
men
display
more
anger,
pride
and
disrespect,
which
are
more
consistent
with
a
protector
and
provider
role.
Recent
research
suggests
that
these
differences
are
not
just
socially,
but
also
genetically
related.
Studies
have
looked
into
these
findings
further
and
discovered
that
females
use
more
areas
of
the
brain
containing
mirror
neurons
(镜像神经元)
than
males
when
they
process
feelings.
Mirror
neurons
allow
us
to
experience
the
world
from
other
people’s
view,
to
understand
their
actions
and
intentions.
This
may
explain
why
women
can
experience
deeper
sadness.
Women
tend
to
experience
more
negative
feelings,
such
as
more
guilt,
shame
and
to
a
lesser
degree,
embarrassment.
Psychologically
it
seems
men
and
women
differ
in
the
way
they
process
and
express
feelings.
With
the
exception
of
anger,
women
experience
feelings
more
strongly
and
share
their
feelings
more
openly
with
others.
Studies
have
found
in
particular
that
women
express
more
appreciation—which
has
been
linked
to
greater
happiness.
This
supports
the
theory
that
women’s
happiness
is
more
dependent
on
relationships
than
men’s.
1．Which
feeling
are
men
more
likely
to
show
compared
with
women?
A．Warmth.
B．Depression.
C．Happiness.
D．Disrespect.
2．What
factors
cause
women
to
share
feelings
more
openly?
A．Psychological
factors.
B．Biological
factors.
C．Educational
factors.
D．Social
factors.
3．One
can
probably
read
the
text
from________．
A．a
science
fiction
B．a
culture
brochure
C．a
nursery
guide
D．a
health
magazine
4．What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A．Men
and
women
differ
in
biology
and
psychology.
B．Men
and
women
experience
happiness
differently.
C．Social
roles
have
a
great
effect
on
men
and
women.
D．Women’s
happiness
has
declined
in
the
past
years.
Test
3
A
study
of
500,000
songs
released
(发行)
in
the
UK
between
1985
and
2015
showed
that
pop
music
had
decreased
in
happiness
and
increased
in
sadness.
In
a
report
published
in
the
journal
Royal
Society
Open
Science,
researchers
at
the
University
of
California
examined
hundreds
of
thousands
of
songs
and
classified
them
by
their
mood.
“‘Happiness’
is
going
down,
‘sadness’
is
going
up,
and
at
the
same
time,
the
songs
are
becoming
more
‘danceable’
and
more
‘party?like’,”
co?author
Natalia
L．Komarova
told
The
Associated
Press.
The
study
found
songs
in
2014
like
Stay
with
Me
by
Sam
Smith,
Whispers
by
Passenger
and
Unmissable
by
Gorgon
City
have
a
“low
happiness”
trend.
However,
tracks
from
1984
like
Glory
Days
by
Bruce
Springsteen,
Would
I
Lie
to
You?
by
Eurythmics
and
Freedom
by
Wham!
had
a
“high
happiness”
trend.
“The
public
seems
to
prefer
happier
songs,
even
though
more
and
more
unhappy
songs
are
being
released
each
year，”
the
researchers
wrote.
Apart
from
the
emotional
trends,
researchers
discovered
that
dances
and
pop
were
the
most
successful
styles
of
music
and
that
there
was
a
“clear
downward”
trend,
with
the
popularity
of
rock
beginning
in
the
early
2000s.
“So
it
looks
like,
while
the
overall
mood
is
becoming
less
happy,
people
seem
to
want
to
forget
it
all
and
dance,”
Komarova
wrote
in
an
email.
It
was
also
found
that
the
“maleness”
of
songs—the
frequency
of
male
singers
in
popular
music—had
decreased
during
the
last
30
years.
“Successful
songs
are
characterised
by
a
larger
percentage
of
female
artists
compared
to
all
songs,”
they
wrote.
This
discovery
appears
at
a
time
when
the
conversation
around
sex
equality
in
the
music
industry
is
at
its
height,
with
more
male
artists
and
songwriters.
1．The
researchers
examined
lots
of
songs
to
________．
A．find
songs
for
dances
and
parties
B．choose
songs
for
a
journal
C．release
more
songs
D．know
better
about
songs
2．Whose
music
style
tends
to
bring
you
more
happiness?
A．Natalia
L．Komarova’s.
B．Sam
Smith’s.
C．Gorgon
City’s.
D．Bruce
Springsteen’s.
3．What
do
we
know
about
songs
over
the
past
three
decades?
A．Rock
became
popular
in
the
early
2000s.
B．Fewer
unhappy
songs
came
to
light
every
year.
C．Male
singers
were
better
at
performing
pop
music.
D．Female
artists
were
less
skilled
in
writing
songs.
4．What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A．Pop
Music
Is
Getting
Sadder
B．Music
Calls
for
Sex
Equality
C．Pop
Music
Has
a
Long
History
D．Music
Industry
Is
Going
Down
Test
4
As
evolution
tends
to
remove
waste,
how
come
we
evolved
such
large,
energy?consuming
brains?
The
dominant
hypothesis(假设)
suggests
that
tough
social
interactions
are
the
driving
force.
But
our
new
study
done
in
an
unusual
way
shows
that
human
brain
expansion
is
likely
driven
by
ecology(生态)．
Scientists
have
tested
the
ecological
and
social
hypotheses
before.
The
common
approach
is
to
look
at
many
species
and
investigate
whether
large
brains
are
associated
with
specific
problems.
For
example,
do
primates
or
other
animals
with
large
brains
have
a
diet
that
is
challenging
to
find
but
nutritionally
rewarding?
This
would
indicate
an
ecological
origin.
Or
do
they
live
in
large
groups
where
they
face
lots
of
social
problems?
While
many
studies
have
found
such
associations,
there
is
a
problem.
It
cannot
tell
whether
large
brains
evolved
to
solve
the
difficult
problems
or
whether
they
evolved
for
other
reasons
and
then
enabled
their
bearers
to
deal
with
the
hard
problems.
To
find
out
the
causes
of
brain
expansion,
we
recreated
the
scenarios(可能出现的情况)
of
the
two
hypotheses
using
a
mathematical
model.
We
found
that
a
combination
of
ecological
and
social
challenges
do
produce
the
brain
size
we
see
in
humans.
But
it
was
ecological
challenges
that
expanded
brains.
In
contrast
to
the
dominant
view
and
our
own
expectation,
we
found
that
social
challenges
contributed
by
decreasing
brain
size.
But
you
need
both
factors
to
get
the
brain
size
we
see
today—if
there
were
no
social
challenges
our
brains
would
have
been
even
larger
but
likely
poorly
suited
to
social
life.
Bigger
isn’t
necessarily
better.
But
many
animals
face
hard
ecological
problems.
Why
don’t
they
all
have
large
brains?
We
found
that
ecological
problems
only
lead
to
human?sized
brains
when
individuals
can
keep
learning
hard
skills
as
they
grow.
So
our
results
and
those
of
others’
suggest
that
hard
ecology
and
the
accumulation
of
cultural
knowledge
could
act
together
to
produce
a
human?sized
brain.
Will
the
human
brain
expand
further?
The
complexity
of
the
systems
involved
makes
it
impossible
to
say
much
with
certainty
at
present.
1．In
most
people’s
view,
what
makes
human
evolve
large
brains?
A．Social
challenges.
B．Social
and
ecological
challenges.
C．Ecological
challenges.
D．Competition
with
other
large
animals.
2．What’s
the
problem
of
the
common
approach?
A．Its
model
is
not
reliable
enough.
B．It
doesn’t
tell
the
cause
and
effect
clearly.
C．Its
hypothesis
cannot
be
proved
effectively.
D．It
doesn’t
find
brain
size
is
connected
with
problems.
3．Why
don’t
many
animals
have
large
brains?
A．They
don’t
learn
from
each
other.
B．They
don’t
face
hard
ecological
problems.
C．They
don’t
need
to
cooperate
with
each
other.
D．They
don’t
keep
learning
tough
skills
as
they
grow.
4．Which
of
the
following
do
the
researchers
find
most
surprising?
A．Animals
don’t
have
large
brains.
B．Social
challenges
decrease
brain
size.
C．Ecological
challenges
increase
brain
size.
D．It’s
unclear
whether
human
brains
will
expand
further.
Test
5
Traveling
to
a
foreign
country
can
make
you
frightened
if
you
don’t
know
the
local
language.
Mr.
Thibault
has
a
number
of
tips
to
help
travelers
manage
in
a
destination
when
they
don’t
speak
the
native
tongue,
based
on
his
own
experience.
Here
are
a
few
of
them.
●Download
a
Language
Translation
App
Mr.
Thibault
tends
to
rely
on
Google
Translate
and
suggests
that
travelers
find
an
app
that
works
for
them.
Ideally,
find
one
that
specializes
in
the
language
you
need
to
translate
especially
if
the
language
uses
a
character
set
you’re
not
familiar
with,
or
have
difficulty
pronouncing.
●Speak
with
Your
Hands
and
Head
Pointing
with
your
hands
and
nodding
or
shaking
your
head,
Mr.
Thibault
said,
are
easy
ways
to
communicate
with
locals
in
the
country
you’re
in.
“Gestures
are
all
universally
understood，”
he
said.
●Learn
a
Few
Key
Words
Knowing
basic
words
and
phrases
like
“hello”,
“thank
you”
and
“I’m
sorry.
I
don’t
speak
your
language.
Do
you
speak
English？”
is
a
must,
Mr.
Thibault
said.
Showing
that
you
care
enough
to
learn
some
of
the
language
before
you
go,
and
at
least
enough
to
acknowledge
that
you
don’t
know
more,
is
a
form
of
respect
and
will
go
a
long
way
to
be
liked
by
locals.
●Work
with
a
Local
Travel
Agent
If
you
feel
particularly
uncomfortable
in
the
country
you’re
headed
to,
and
you
have
to
go
anyway,
relying
on
a
local
travel
agent
who
knows
both
your
and
your
destination’s
languages
can
be
incredibly
useful.
●Hire
a
Local
Tour
Guide
A
tour
guide
can
help
you
get
a
better
grasp
of
the
local
language
and
is
a
good
person
to
practice
words
and
phrases
with.
Whenever
Mr.
Thibault
visits
a
new
country,
he
books
a
sightseeing
tour
with
a
guide
on
the
first
day
of
his
trip.
“I
use
this
day
to
learn
about
my
destination
and
get
familiar
with
the
language,
”
he
said.
1．In
what
situation
should
a
language
translation
app
be
applied
while
traveling
abroad?
A．When
you
have
trouble
pronouncing
the
words.
B．When
you
want
to
acknowledge
your
ignorance.
C．When
you
want
to
practice
the
local
language.
D．When
you
feel
uncomfortable
in
the
country.
2．What
is
the
easiest
way
to
communicate
with
foreigners
according
to
the
text?
A．Downloading
a
language
translation
app.
B．Learning
a
few
key
words.
C．Using
body
language.
D．Working
with
a
guide.
3．How
can
you
better
understand
the
local
language?
A．By
speaking
with
your
hands
and
head.
B．By
learning
a
few
key
words.
C．By
downloading
a
language
translation
app.
D．By
hiring
a
local
tour
guide.
Test
6
Would
a
faster
reading
speed
mean
that
we
could
learn
more?
Some
people
claim
that
it’s
possible.
In
July
last
year,
the
six?time
speed
reading
champion
Anne
Jones
sat
down
to
read
Harper
Lee’s
Go
Set
a
Watchman.
Just
25
minutes
and
31
seconds
later,
she
finished
it—which
equals
a
reading
rate
of
around
3，700
words
per
minute.
Jones
runs
training
courses
teaching
speed
reading,
recall
and
concentration
techniques
and
there
are
numerous
speed
reading
apps
that
have
appeared
on
the
market
over
the
past
few
years.
But
do
they
actually
work?
First,
we
need
to
understand
how
we
read.
The
human
eye
movement
system
is
central
to
our
reading
ability.
Read
over
that
sentence
again,
and
think
about
how
your
eyes
scan
across
the
words.
They
don’t
move
smoothly
over
them.
Instead,
they
make
a
series
of
short,
sharp
jumps,
skipping
over
a
few
characters
before
briefly
landing
on
a
word.
The
movements
are
known
as
saccades
(扫视)
and
the
pauses
are
called
fixations.
Reading
isn’t
just
about
seeing
the
words—you
need
to
comprehend
them
to
build
up
a
picture
about
what
the
text
means.
People
are
able
to
get
through
a
block
of
text
faster,
but
at
the
cost
of
accuracy
and
understanding.
In
other
words,
if
you
use
a
speed
reading
app,
then
you’ll
probably
get
the
gist
(主旨)
of
a
piece
of
text,
but
you’ll
struggle
to
recall
details
about
what
you’ve
just
read.
So,
does
speed
reading
work?
Well,
yes
and
no.
It
really
depends
on
what
you’re
reading
and
why
you
need
to
read
it.
As
yet,
there
isn’t
a
trick
that
enables
you
to
read
a
piece
of
text
both
quickly
and
accurately—there’s
always
going
to
be
a
trade?off．
1．What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．Speed
reading
is
bad
at
times.
B．Speed
reading
is
a
waste
of
time.
C．Speed
reading
can
work
sometimes.
D．Speed
reading
is
always
enjoyable.
2．What
can
we
know
from
the
passage?
A．Reading
apps
ensure
us
to
read
much
faster.
B．Fast
reading
makes
us
learn
more
knowledge.
C．Reading
is
no
more
than
seeing
the
text
words.
D．Reading
ability
is
related
to
the
eye
movement
system.
3．What
does
the
underlined
word
“trade?off”
most
probably
mean
in
the
last
paragraph?
A．Balance.
B．Change.
C．Business.
D．Bargain.
4．What
might
the
writer
continue
to
talk
about?
A．The
advantages
of
faster
or
slower
reading.
B．The
reasons
why
to
do
faster
or
slower
reading.
C．The
cases
where
to
do
faster
and
slower
reading.
D．The
methods
for
making
use
of
faster
or
slower
reading.2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺
专题18
【阅读理解】题型增分攻略三解析版
解题指导·触类旁通
寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”
三．提炼加工
明主旨—主旨大意题
阅读理解【主旨大意题】满分攻略
命题规律
命题趋势
主旨大意题在阅读理解中比重不高，但属于每年必考的题型，设题1-2题
考查内容
考查考生对文章整体或局部主旨大意的理解和概括。
正确选项特点
①不含细节信息和绝对意义的词②恰当概括内容
干扰项特点
以偏概全
②断章取义
③主题扩大
④似是而非
⑤张冠李戴
答题技巧点拨
题型
题干标志词
浏览全文，寻找主题词或主题句；归纳文章主要内容
归纳标题
title
标题标准
精→语言精炼
准→准确定位作者观点的内涵和外延
统→统领细节
新→新颖有吸引力
概括文章大意或者段落大意
titletopicthemechieflymainlymain
ideasubjectin
chiefsummarizetry
to
express等标志词
找主题词
根据文体略读从文章或段落中寻找高频词根据对文章或段落的理解，用主题词概括大意
找主题句
主题句特
点
结构特点
标志词及解题思路
主题句在文首或段首
主题句
↓支撑句
在文首或段首的主题句后面的标志词有：first,
next,
also,
to
begin
with,
one...the
other，for
example等
主题句在文尾或段尾
细节描述
↓归纳要点
↓概括主题
在文尾或段尾引出结论的标志词有：clearly,
so,
thus,
consequence，therefore，
in
conclusion，in
short等
主题句在文中或段中
细节描述
↓归纳主题
↓进一步解释
当段落中出现表示转折的词语however,
but,
in
fact,
actually等标志词时，该句很可能是主题句。
没
有主题句
没有明显的主题句，暗示性地体现主题。
根据事实、线索综合分析，概括大意。不能以偏概全，也不能过于宽泛。
考点突破·针对提能
明考点，攻重难，有效提升
熟记高频词
→
突破阅读理解词汇障碍
高考英语考前必背570个高频词
第
十
三
组
第
十
四
组
351.
semester
n.
学期；半年352.
semiconductor
n.
半导体353.
seminar
n.
研讨会354.
terminal
adj.
末端的；极限的
n.
终点355.
territory
n.
领土356.
approximate
adj.大概的;大约v.
近似357.
arbitrary
adj.
随意的；未断的358.
architect
n.
建筑师359.
architecture
n.
建筑学360.
biology
n.
生物学361.
geography
n.
地理（学）362.
geology
n.
地质学363.
geometry
n.
几何（学）364.
arithmetic
n.
算术365.
algebra
n.
代数366.
entertainment
n.
娱乐；招待；款待367.
enthusiasm
n.
热情；热心368.
entry
n.进入;入口处；参赛的人（或物）369.
environment
n.
环境370.
episode
n.
插曲；片段371.
equation
n.
方程式372.
restrain
vt.
阻止；抑制373.
restraint
n.
抑制；限制374.
resume
v.
中断后重新开始375.
severe
adj.
严重的376.
sexual
adj.
性别的377.
simplicity
n.
简单；朴素
378.
slender
adj.
苗条的；修长的379.
sorrow
n.
悲哀；悲痛380.
stuff
n.
原料；材料
vt.
填进；塞满381.
temporary
adj.
暂时的；临时的382.
temptation
n.
诱惑；引诱383.
terror
n.
恐怖384.
thrust
v.
挤；推；插385.
treaty
n.
条约；协定386.
arise
vi.
产生；出现；发生；起身387.
arouse
vt.
引起；激起；唤醒388.
burden
n.
重担；负荷389.
bureau
n.
局；办事处390
marvelous
adj.
奇迹般的；惊人的391.
massive
adj.
大的；大量的；大块的392.
mature
adj.
成熟的393.
maximum
adj.
最高的；最大的394.
minimum
adj.
最低的；最小的395.
nonsense
n.
胡说；冒失的行动396.
nuclear
adj.
核子的；核能的397.
nucleus
n.
核398.
retail
n./v./adv.
零售399.
retain
vt.
保留；保持400.
restrict
vt.
限制；约束401.
sponsor
n.主办者
vt.发起,主办,资助402.
spur
n./vt.
刺激；激励403.
triumph
n.
胜利；成功404.
tuition
n.
学费
第
十
五
组
第
十
六
组
405.
twist
vt.
使缠绕；转动；扭歪406.
undergraduate
n.
大学肄业生407.
universal
adj.
普遍的;通用的；宇宙的408.
universe
n.
宇宙409.
via
prep.
经由；经过；通过410.
vibrate
v.
振动；摇摆411.
virus
n.
病毒412.
voluntary
adj.
自愿的413.
volunteer
n.
志愿者
v.
自愿（做）414.
vote
v.
选举
n.
选票415.
wagon
n.
四轮马车；铁路货车416.
appoint
vt.
任命；委派417.
approach
v.
靠近；接近
n.
途径,方式418.
appropriate
adj.
适当的419.
bunch
n.
群；伙；束；串420.
bundle
n.
捆；包；束
vt.
收集；归拢421.
conquer
vt.
征服422.
chaos
n.
混乱；紊乱423.
discount
n.
（价格）折扣424.
display
n./vt.
陈列；展览425.
equivalent
adj.
相等的
adj.
相等物426.
erect
adj.
竖直的
v.
建造,竖立427.
fax
n./vt.
传真428.
fertile
adj.
肥沃的；多产的429.
fertilizer
n.
肥料430.
hardware
n.
五金器具431.
horror
n.
恐怖432.
horrible
adj.
可怕的
433.
Internet
n.
国际互联网；因特网434.
interpret
v.
翻译；解释435.
interpretation
n.
解释；说明436.
leak
v.
漏；渗出437.
lean
vi.
倾斜；倚；靠438.
leap
vi.
跳跃439
modify
vt.
修改440.
nylon
n.
尼龙441.
onion
n.
洋葱442.
powder
n.
粉末443.
applicable
adj.
可应用的；适当的444.
applicant
n.
申请人445.
breadth
n.
宽度446.
conservation
n.
保存；保护447.
conservative
adj.
保守的448.
parallel
n.
平行线；可相比拟的事物449.
passion
n.
激情；热情450.
passive
adj.
被动的；消极的451.
pat
v./n.
轻拍；轻打452.
peak
n.
山峰；顶点453.
phenomenon
n.
现象454.
reluctant
adj.
不情愿的；勉强的455.
rely
vi.
(on
,upon)依赖；指望456.
relevant
adj.
有关的；切题的457.
reliable
adj.
可靠的458.
relief
n.
轻松；宽慰；减轻459.
reputation
n.
名气；声誉460.
rescue
vt./n.
营救
2021年高考英语【阅读理解】题型强化训练三解析版
跟踪检测·迁移应用
练模拟，练规范，夯基提能
Test
1
Author
Walter
Dean
Myers
died
at
the
age
of
76
after
a
brief
illness.
Walter
Dean
Myers
was
the
author
of
more
than
100
books
for
children
and
young
adults
and
received
many
top
awards.
The
prolific
author
was
loved
for
his
vivid
description
of
the
lives
of
African
American
children,
and
for
writing
books
for
young
people
that
covered
different
subjects.
“Myers
has
written
about
all
those
subjects
with
deep
understanding
and
a
hard?won,
qualified
sense
of
hope,”
said
Leonard
S.
Marcus
in
2008.
He
was
born
in
1937
and
was
adopted
by
Florence
Dean
and
Herbert
after
his
mother
died
while
giving
birth
to
his
younger
sister.
They
loved
him
very
much
and
his
mother
read
to
him
from
a
very
young
age.
Reading
pushed
him
to
discover
worlds
beyond
his
landscape.
He
began
writing
at
an
early
age.
He
wrote
well
in
high
school
and
an
English
teacher
recognized
this
and
advised
him
to
keep
on
writing
no
matter
what
happened
to
him.
“It’s
what
you
do,”
she
said.
He
dropped
out
of
high
school
at
17
and
joined
the
army.
After
finishing
his
service,
he
entered
a
dark
period
in
his
life.
Myers
began
writing
at
night
to
pull
himself
through
that
miserable
time.
In
an
essay
published
in
The
New
York
Times
earlier
this
year,
Myers
described
how
a
short
story
by
James
Arthur
Baldwin
helped
change
the
course
of
his
life.
“I
didn’t
love
the
story,
but
I
was
lifted
by
it，”
he
wrote,
“for
it
took
place
in
Harlem,
and
it
was
a
story
concerned
with
black
people
like
those
I
knew.
By
humanizing
the
people
who
were
like
me,
Baldwin’s
story
also
humanized
me.
The
story
gave
me
a
permission
that
I
didn’t
know
I
needed,
the
permission
to
write
about
my
own
landscape,
my
own
map.”
“I
write
books
for
the
troubled
boy
I
once
was,”
he
wrote,
“and
for
the
boy
who
lives
within
me
still.”
1．What
does
the
second
paragraph
mainly
talk
about?
A．How
popular
Myers
was.
B．How
Myers
became
successful.
C．What
makes
Myers’
works
popular.
D．What
people
think
of
Myers’
works.
2．Who
discovered
Myers’
writing
talent?
A．James
Arthur
Baldwin.
B．His
mother.
C．Leonard
S.
Marcus.
D．One
of
his
teachers.
3．What
does
the
underlined
word
“prolific”
in
Paragraph
2
probably
mean?
A．Productive.
B．Unfortunate.
C．Conservative.
D．Humorous.
4．Why
was
the
short
story
by
James
Arthur
Baldwin
so
important
for
Myers?
A．It
helped
him
survive
the
dark
period.
B．It
inspired
him
to
pursue
his
writing
career.
C．He
learned
many
writing
techniques
from
it.
D．The
author
of
the
story
permitted
him
to
write.
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国著名作家Walter
Dean
Myers的生平。
1．C 解析：段落大意题。通读该段可知，该段首句“The
prolific
author...covered
different
subjects.”为该段主题句，结合该段其他内容可知，这位多产的作家因其对非裔美国儿童生活的生动描述，以及为年轻人写的涉及不同话题的书籍而深受喜爱。由此可知，该段主要介绍了他的作品受欢迎的原因，故C项正确。
2．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“He
wrote
well
in
high
school
and
an
English
teacher
recognized
this
and
advised
him
to
keep
on
writing
no
matter
what
happened
to
him.”可知，他在高中时写作就很好，一位英语老师认识到这一点并建议他无论发生什么事都要坚持写下去。据此可知，他的写作天赋是他的一位老师发现的，故D项正确。
3．A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Walter
Dean
Myers
was
the
author
of
more
than
100
books
for
children
and
young
adults
and
received
many
top
awards.”可知，Walter
Dean
Myers
写了100多本儿童和年轻人读物，并获得了许多最高奖项。由此可推知，他是一位多产的作家。productive意为“多产的”，故A项正确。B项意为“不幸的”，C项意为“守旧的”，D项意为“幽默的”，都与语境不符。
4．B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“how
a
short
story...the
course
of
his
life”以及最后一句“The
story
gave
me
a
permission
that
I
didn’t
know
I
needed,
the
permission
to
write
about
my
own
landscape,
my
own
map.”可知，Baldwin写的故事鼓励了Myers追求他自己的写作事业，故B项正确。
Test
2
Who’re
happier,
men
or
women?
Research
shows
it’s
a
complex
question
and
that
asking
whether
males
or
females
are
happier
isn’t
really
that
helpful,
because
basically,
happiness
is
different
for
women
and
men.
Women’s
happiness
has
been
declining
for
the
past
30
years,
according
to
recent
statistics.
And
research
shows
that
women
are
twice
as
likely
to
experience
depression
compared
with
men.
Gender(性别)
differences
in
depression
are
well
confirmed
and
studies
have
found
that
biological,
psychological
and
social
factors
contribute
to
the
difference.
Early
studies
on
gender
and
happiness
found
men
and
women
were
socialized
to
express
different
feelings.
Women
are
more
likely
to
express
happiness,
warmth
and
fear,
which
help
with
social
bonding
and
appear
more
consistent
with
the
traditional
role
as
a
primary
caregiver,
while
men
display
more
anger,
pride
and
disrespect,
which
are
more
consistent
with
a
protector
and
provider
role.
Recent
research
suggests
that
these
differences
are
not
just
socially,
but
also
genetically
related.
Studies
have
looked
into
these
findings
further
and
discovered
that
females
use
more
areas
of
the
brain
containing
mirror
neurons
(镜像神经元)
than
males
when
they
process
feelings.
Mirror
neurons
allow
us
to
experience
the
world
from
other
people’s
view,
to
understand
their
actions
and
intentions.
This
may
explain
why
women
can
experience
deeper
sadness.
Women
tend
to
experience
more
negative
feelings,
such
as
more
guilt,
shame
and
to
a
lesser
degree,
embarrassment.
Psychologically
it
seems
men
and
women
differ
in
the
way
they
process
and
express
feelings.
With
the
exception
of
anger,
women
experience
feelings
more
strongly
and
share
their
feelings
more
openly
with
others.
Studies
have
found
in
particular
that
women
express
more
appreciation—which
has
been
linked
to
greater
happiness.
This
supports
the
theory
that
women’s
happiness
is
more
dependent
on
relationships
than
men’s.
1．Which
feeling
are
men
more
likely
to
show
compared
with
women?
A．Warmth.
B．Depression.
C．Happiness.
D．Disrespect.
2．What
factors
cause
women
to
share
feelings
more
openly?
A．Psychological
factors.
B．Biological
factors.
C．Educational
factors.
D．Social
factors.
3．One
can
probably
read
the
text
from________．
A．a
science
fiction
B．a
culture
brochure
C．a
nursery
guide
D．a
health
magazine
4．What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A．Men
and
women
differ
in
biology
and
psychology.
B．Men
and
women
experience
happiness
differently.
C．Social
roles
have
a
great
effect
on
men
and
women.
D．Women’s
happiness
has
declined
in
the
past
years.
【解题导语】本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。
1．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“while
men
display
more
anger,
pride
and
disrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。
2．A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。
3．D 解析：文章出处题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。
4．B 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。
Test
3
A
study
of
500,000
songs
released
(发行)
in
the
UK
between
1985
and
2015
showed
that
pop
music
had
decreased
in
happiness
and
increased
in
sadness.
In
a
report
published
in
the
journal
Royal
Society
Open
Science,
researchers
at
the
University
of
California
examined
hundreds
of
thousands
of
songs
and
classified
them
by
their
mood.
“‘Happiness’
is
going
down,
‘sadness’
is
going
up,
and
at
the
same
time,
the
songs
are
becoming
more
‘danceable’
and
more
‘party?like’,”
co?author
Natalia
L．Komarova
told
The
Associated
Press.
The
study
found
songs
in
2014
like
Stay
with
Me
by
Sam
Smith,
Whispers
by
Passenger
and
Unmissable
by
Gorgon
City
have
a
“low
happiness”
trend.
However,
tracks
from
1984
like
Glory
Days
by
Bruce
Springsteen,
Would
I
Lie
to
You?
by
Eurythmics
and
Freedom
by
Wham!
had
a
“high
happiness”
trend.
“The
public
seems
to
prefer
happier
songs,
even
though
more
and
more
unhappy
songs
are
being
released
each
year，”
the
researchers
wrote.
Apart
from
the
emotional
trends,
researchers
discovered
that
dances
and
pop
were
the
most
successful
styles
of
music
and
that
there
was
a
“clear
downward”
trend,
with
the
popularity
of
rock
beginning
in
the
early
2000s.
“So
it
looks
like,
while
the
overall
mood
is
becoming
less
happy,
people
seem
to
want
to
forget
it
all
and
dance,”
Komarova
wrote
in
an
email.
It
was
also
found
that
the
“maleness”
of
songs—the
frequency
of
male
singers
in
popular
music—had
decreased
during
the
last
30
years.
“Successful
songs
are
characterised
by
a
larger
percentage
of
female
artists
compared
to
all
songs,”
they
wrote.
This
discovery
appears
at
a
time
when
the
conversation
around
sex
equality
in
the
music
industry
is
at
its
height,
with
more
male
artists
and
songwriters.
1．The
researchers
examined
lots
of
songs
to
________．
A．find
songs
for
dances
and
parties
B．choose
songs
for
a
journal
C．release
more
songs
D．know
better
about
songs
2．Whose
music
style
tends
to
bring
you
more
happiness?
A．Natalia
L．Komarova’s.
B．Sam
Smith’s.
C．Gorgon
City’s.
D．Bruce
Springsteen’s.
3．What
do
we
know
about
songs
over
the
past
three
decades?
A．Rock
became
popular
in
the
early
2000s.
B．Fewer
unhappy
songs
came
to
light
every
year.
C．Male
singers
were
better
at
performing
pop
music.
D．Female
artists
were
less
skilled
in
writing
songs.
4．What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A．Pop
Music
Is
Getting
Sadder
B．Music
Calls
for
Sex
Equality
C．Pop
Music
Has
a
Long
History
D．Music
Industry
Is
Going
Down
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了流行音乐表达的情绪的变化趋势。
1．D 解析：推理判断题。本文第二段介绍了加州大学的研究者们调查了成千上万的歌曲并把它们按情绪分类，紧接着得出歌曲分类的结果，可见他们调查歌曲的目的是想对歌曲有更多的了解，故选D。A、C两项曲解文意；B项无中生有。
2．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However,
tracks
from
1984
like
Glory
Days
by
Bruce
Springsteen...had
a
‘high
happiness’
trend.”可知D项正确。Natalia
L．Komarova为报道的合著者，而非歌手；Sam
Smith、Gorgon
City所演唱的歌曲有让人开心感降低的趋势，故排除。
3．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“with
the
popularity
of
rock
beginning
in
the
early
2000s”可知，摇滚乐在21世纪初开始流行，故A项正确。其余三个选项的内容均与文意不符。
4．A 解析：标题归纳题。根据本文首段总述及后续段落的描述可知，全文重点介绍了流行音乐正变得越来越伤感，故选A项。B项仅是本文中提到的一个细节；C项不是本文的重点；D项扩大外延，属过度概括，故排除。
Test
4
As
evolution
tends
to
remove
waste,
how
come
we
evolved
such
large,
energy?consuming
brains?
The
dominant
hypothesis(假设)
suggests
that
tough
social
interactions
are
the
driving
force.
But
our
new
study
done
in
an
unusual
way
shows
that
human
brain
expansion
is
likely
driven
by
ecology(生态)．
Scientists
have
tested
the
ecological
and
social
hypotheses
before.
The
common
approach
is
to
look
at
many
species
and
investigate
whether
large
brains
are
associated
with
specific
problems.
For
example,
do
primates
or
other
animals
with
large
brains
have
a
diet
that
is
challenging
to
find
but
nutritionally
rewarding?
This
would
indicate
an
ecological
origin.
Or
do
they
live
in
large
groups
where
they
face
lots
of
social
problems?
While
many
studies
have
found
such
associations,
there
is
a
problem.
It
cannot
tell
whether
large
brains
evolved
to
solve
the
difficult
problems
or
whether
they
evolved
for
other
reasons
and
then
enabled
their
bearers
to
deal
with
the
hard
problems.
To
find
out
the
causes
of
brain
expansion,
we
recreated
the
scenarios(可能出现的情况)
of
the
two
hypotheses
using
a
mathematical
model.
We
found
that
a
combination
of
ecological
and
social
challenges
do
produce
the
brain
size
we
see
in
humans.
But
it
was
ecological
challenges
that
expanded
brains.
In
contrast
to
the
dominant
view
and
our
own
expectation,
we
found
that
social
challenges
contributed
by
decreasing
brain
size.
But
you
need
both
factors
to
get
the
brain
size
we
see
today—if
there
were
no
social
challenges
our
brains
would
have
been
even
larger
but
likely
poorly
suited
to
social
life.
Bigger
isn’t
necessarily
better.
But
many
animals
face
hard
ecological
problems.
Why
don’t
they
all
have
large
brains?
We
found
that
ecological
problems
only
lead
to
human?sized
brains
when
individuals
can
keep
learning
hard
skills
as
they
grow.
So
our
results
and
those
of
others’
suggest
that
hard
ecology
and
the
accumulation
of
cultural
knowledge
could
act
together
to
produce
a
human?sized
brain.
Will
the
human
brain
expand
further?
The
complexity
of
the
systems
involved
makes
it
impossible
to
say
much
with
certainty
at
present.
1．In
most
people’s
view,
what
makes
human
evolve
large
brains?
A．Social
challenges.
B．Social
and
ecological
challenges.
C．Ecological
challenges.
D．Competition
with
other
large
animals.
2．What’s
the
problem
of
the
common
approach?
A．Its
model
is
not
reliable
enough.
B．It
doesn’t
tell
the
cause
and
effect
clearly.
C．Its
hypothesis
cannot
be
proved
effectively.
D．It
doesn’t
find
brain
size
is
connected
with
problems.
3．Why
don’t
many
animals
have
large
brains?
A．They
don’t
learn
from
each
other.
B．They
don’t
face
hard
ecological
problems.
C．They
don’t
need
to
cooperate
with
each
other.
D．They
don’t
keep
learning
tough
skills
as
they
grow.
4．Which
of
the
following
do
the
researchers
find
most
surprising?
A．Animals
don’t
have
large
brains.
B．Social
challenges
decrease
brain
size.
C．Ecological
challenges
increase
brain
size.
D．It’s
unclear
whether
human
brains
will
expand
further.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文化知识积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非越大越好，如果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社交活动。
1．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The
dominant
hypothesis(假设)suggests
that
tough
social
interactions
are
the
driving
force.”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人认为棘手的社交活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故A项正确。
2．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It
cannot
tell
whether
large
brains
evolved
to
solve
the
difficult
problems
or
whether
they
evolved
for
other
reasons
and
then
enabled
their
bearers
to
deal
with
the
hard
problems.”可知，传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故B项正确。
3．D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“Why
don’t
they
all
have
large
brains?
We
found
that
ecological
problems
only
lead
to
human?sized
brains
when
individuals
can
keep
learning
hard
skills
as
they
grow.”可知，只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时，生态环境才会影响人类特定大小的大脑。据此可推知，动物在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故D项正确。
4．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“In
contrast
to
the
dominant
view
and
our
own
expectation,
we
found
that
social
challenges
contributed
by
decreasing
brain
size.”可知，与主流观点及我们自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。据此可知，社会挑战导致大脑变小是令人惊讶的发现，故B项正确。
Test
5
Traveling
to
a
foreign
country
can
make
you
frightened
if
you
don’t
know
the
local
language.
Mr.
Thibault
has
a
number
of
tips
to
help
travelers
manage
in
a
destination
when
they
don’t
speak
the
native
tongue,
based
on
his
own
experience.
Here
are
a
few
of
them.
●Download
a
Language
Translation
App
Mr.
Thibault
tends
to
rely
on
Google
Translate
and
suggests
that
travelers
find
an
app
that
works
for
them.
Ideally,
find
one
that
specializes
in
the
language
you
need
to
translate
especially
if
the
language
uses
a
character
set
you’re
not
familiar
with,
or
have
difficulty
pronouncing.
●Speak
with
Your
Hands
and
Head
Pointing
with
your
hands
and
nodding
or
shaking
your
head,
Mr.
Thibault
said,
are
easy
ways
to
communicate
with
locals
in
the
country
you’re
in.
“Gestures
are
all
universally
understood，”
he
said.
●Learn
a
Few
Key
Words
Knowing
basic
words
and
phrases
like
“hello”,
“thank
you”
and
“I’m
sorry.
I
don’t
speak
your
language.
Do
you
speak
English？”
is
a
must,
Mr.
Thibault
said.
Showing
that
you
care
enough
to
learn
some
of
the
language
before
you
go,
and
at
least
enough
to
acknowledge
that
you
don’t
know
more,
is
a
form
of
respect
and
will
go
a
long
way
to
be
liked
by
locals.
●Work
with
a
Local
Travel
Agent
If
you
feel
particularly
uncomfortable
in
the
country
you’re
headed
to,
and
you
have
to
go
anyway,
relying
on
a
local
travel
agent
who
knows
both
your
and
your
destination’s
languages
can
be
incredibly
useful.
●Hire
a
Local
Tour
Guide
A
tour
guide
can
help
you
get
a
better
grasp
of
the
local
language
and
is
a
good
person
to
practice
words
and
phrases
with.
Whenever
Mr.
Thibault
visits
a
new
country,
he
books
a
sightseeing
tour
with
a
guide
on
the
first
day
of
his
trip.
“I
use
this
day
to
learn
about
my
destination
and
get
familiar
with
the
language,
”
he
said.
1．In
what
situation
should
a
language
translation
app
be
applied
while
traveling
abroad?
A．When
you
have
trouble
pronouncing
the
words.
B．When
you
want
to
acknowledge
your
ignorance.
C．When
you
want
to
practice
the
local
language.
D．When
you
feel
uncomfortable
in
the
country.
2．What
is
the
easiest
way
to
communicate
with
foreigners
according
to
the
text?
A．Downloading
a
language
translation
app.
B．Learning
a
few
key
words.
C．Using
body
language.
D．Working
with
a
guide.
3．How
can
you
better
understand
the
local
language?
A．By
speaking
with
your
hands
and
head.
B．By
learning
a
few
key
words.
C．By
downloading
a
language
translation
app.
D．By
hiring
a
local
tour
guide.
【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章针对不会说外语的旅行者到国外旅游提出了几条建议，包括下载翻译软件、使用肢体语言、出发前学习关键词、利用当地旅行社的帮助以及雇用当地导游。
1．A 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“a
language
translation
app”定位至第二段，根据该段第二句“Ideally,
find
one
that
specializes
in
the
language
you
need
to
translate
especially
if
the
language
uses
a
character
set
you’re
not
familiar
with,
or
have
difficulty
pronouncing.”可知，在该语言使用你不熟悉的字符集或者你发音有困难时，你应当下载翻译软件，故A项正确。
2．C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Pointing
with
your
hands
and
nodding
or
shaking
your
head,
Mr.
Thibault
said,
are
easy
ways
to
communicate
with
locals
in
the
country
you’re
in.”可知，使用双手、点头或摇头，是你和当地人交流的简单的方式；据此可推知，使用肢体语言是与当地人交流最简单的方式，故C项正确。
3．D 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“A
tour
guide
can
help
you
get
a
better
grasp
of
the
local
language
and
is
a
good
person
to
practice
words
and
phrases
with.”可知，导游可以帮助你更好地掌握当地的语言，而且导游是你与其练习单词和短语的最佳人选，故D项正确。
Test
6
Would
a
faster
reading
speed
mean
that
we
could
learn
more?
Some
people
claim
that
it’s
possible.
In
July
last
year,
the
six?time
speed
reading
champion
Anne
Jones
sat
down
to
read
Harper
Lee’s
Go
Set
a
Watchman.
Just
25
minutes
and
31
seconds
later,
she
finished
it—which
equals
a
reading
rate
of
around
3，700
words
per
minute.
Jones
runs
training
courses
teaching
speed
reading,
recall
and
concentration
techniques
and
there
are
numerous
speed
reading
apps
that
have
appeared
on
the
market
over
the
past
few
years.
But
do
they
actually
work?
First,
we
need
to
understand
how
we
read.
The
human
eye
movement
system
is
central
to
our
reading
ability.
Read
over
that
sentence
again,
and
think
about
how
your
eyes
scan
across
the
words.
They
don’t
move
smoothly
over
them.
Instead,
they
make
a
series
of
short,
sharp
jumps,
skipping
over
a
few
characters
before
briefly
landing
on
a
word.
The
movements
are
known
as
saccades
(扫视)
and
the
pauses
are
called
fixations.
Reading
isn’t
just
about
seeing
the
words—you
need
to
comprehend
them
to
build
up
a
picture
about
what
the
text
means.
People
are
able
to
get
through
a
block
of
text
faster,
but
at
the
cost
of
accuracy
and
understanding.
In
other
words,
if
you
use
a
speed
reading
app,
then
you’ll
probably
get
the
gist
(主旨)
of
a
piece
of
text,
but
you’ll
struggle
to
recall
details
about
what
you’ve
just
read.
So,
does
speed
reading
work?
Well,
yes
and
no.
It
really
depends
on
what
you’re
reading
and
why
you
need
to
read
it.
As
yet,
there
isn’t
a
trick
that
enables
you
to
read
a
piece
of
text
both
quickly
and
accurately—there’s
always
going
to
be
a
trade?off．
1．What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．Speed
reading
is
bad
at
times.
B．Speed
reading
is
a
waste
of
time.
C．Speed
reading
can
work
sometimes.
D．Speed
reading
is
always
enjoyable.
2．What
can
we
know
from
the
passage?
A．Reading
apps
ensure
us
to
read
much
faster.
B．Fast
reading
makes
us
learn
more
knowledge.
C．Reading
is
no
more
than
seeing
the
text
words.
D．Reading
ability
is
related
to
the
eye
movement
system.
3．What
does
the
underlined
word
“trade?off”
most
probably
mean
in
the
last
paragraph?
A．Balance.
B．Change.
C．Business.
D．Bargain.
4．What
might
the
writer
continue
to
talk
about?
A．The
advantages
of
faster
or
slower
reading.
B．The
reasons
why
to
do
faster
or
slower
reading.
C．The
cases
where
to
do
faster
and
slower
reading.
D．The
methods
for
making
use
of
faster
or
slower
reading.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了快速阅读有一定作用。虽然快速阅读能掌握文章的主旨，但是回忆细节还需要时间。
1．C 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段尾句“But
do
they
actually
work？”可知，本文第一段对快速阅读是否有用提出疑问；接着第二段介绍了阅读能力与眼睛运动系统有关，结合第三段尾句可知，使用速读应用程序你很可能掌握主旨大意，但是文章细节不一定能掌握。据此可推知，快速阅读有时是有用的，故C项正确。
2．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The
human
eye
movement
system
is
central
to
our
reading
ability.”可知，人的眼睛运动系统对我们的阅读能力很重要，故D项正确。
3．A 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段尾句“As
yet,
there
isn’t
a
trick
that
enables
you
to
read
a
piece
of
text
both
quickly
and
accurately—there’s
always
going
to
be
a
trade?off．”可知，到目前为止，还没有一种技巧可以让你既快速又准确地阅读一篇文章——这总要一种平衡。据此可推知，画线词意为“平衡”，故A项正确。
4．C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段尾句“As
yet,
there
isn’t
a
trick
that
enables
you
to
read
a
piece
of
text
both
quickly
and
accurately—there’s
always
going
to
be
a
trade?off．”可知，到目前为止，还没有一种技巧可以让你既快速又准确地阅读一篇文章——这总要一种平衡；据此可推知，本文接下来可能阐述在什么情况下进行速读以及在什么情况下进行慢读，故C项正确。
