2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺
专题04
【冠词】语法增分攻略解析版
解题指导·触类旁通
寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”
冠词解题两步法
1．判断设空后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。若是可数名词，看是单数还是复数。
2．根据语境或语法结构确定是泛指还是特指。复数名词或不可数名词表泛指，其前不加任何冠词；单数可数名词表泛指时其前需要加不定冠词，表特指要加定冠词the。
【名师点津】a与most连用，位于形容词之前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词之前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。
两个口诀巧判用a/an还是the
①用定冠词的情况：特指双熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，专有名词前、西洋乐器前、序数词与最高级前。
②用不定冠词的情况：泛指一类人与物，与one同义表“一”；和序数词一起表“又一，再一”，词首字母读元音，冠词就要用an,
其他一律用a。
五种可能填冠词的情况
1.填不定冠词的情况：
①________＋单数可数名词
②________＋形容词＋单数可数名词
2.填定冠词的情况：
①________(＋定语)＋名词＋of等介词短语(表特指)
②________(＋定语)＋名词＋定语从句(表特指)
③________(＋定语)＋名词＋不定式/分词短语(表特指)
根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词
①动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位。
②at
a
loss
“不知所措”；
a
waste
of
...“浪费……”；have
a
look/take
a
walk
“看一看/去散步”等固定搭配。
③a＋比较级(＋名词)，表“一个更……的人或物”。
④抽象名词具体化的名词(可概括为：惊、乐、憾、傲、慰、险、助、成、败、美)surprise、
pleasure、
pity、
pride、
comfort、
danger、
help、
success、
failure、
beauty，表具体的意义“一个……”时，其前应加不定冠词a或an。
考点突破·针对提能
明考点，攻重难，有效提升
考点一
不定冠词
不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。
1．不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用于第一次提到或出现的可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
At
that
time,
I
was
working
in
a
factory.The
factory
produces
car
parts.
那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产汽车部件。
(2)用于可数名词单数前，泛指一类人或事物，或指同类中的“一个”。
(福建卷)The“Chinese
Dream”is
a
dream
to
improve
people’s
well?being
and
a
dream
of
harmony,
peace
and
development. “中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦，也是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
(3)表示数量“一”，但不强调数量概念；或表示“任何一个”。
(北京卷)Later
that
morning,
Dario
suggested
that
they
write
a
letter
to
their
neighbors
and
apologize
for
their
playing. 那天上午晚些时候，达里奥建议他们应该给邻居们写一封信，为他们弹钢琴这件事道歉。
(4)用于表示人名的专有名词前，表示“一个叫……的人，一个类似……的人，一部……的作品”。
(四川卷)Brian
is
gifted
in
writing
music;
he
is
very
likely
to
be
a
Beethoven. 布莱恩在创作音乐上很有天赋，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人。
(浙江卷)Experts
think
that
the
recently
discovered
painting
may
be
a
Picasso.
专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。
2．不定冠词的活用
(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
(北京卷)First
impressions
are
the
most
lasting.After
all,
you
never
get
a
second
chance
to
make
a
first
impression.
最初的印象最持久。毕竟，你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。
(2)不定冠词可以用在某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词有success,
failure,
surprise,
pleasure,
beauty,
pity,
danger,
comfort,
honour等。
(山东卷)Being
able
to
afford
a
drink
would
be
a
comfort
in
those
tough
times.
在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge,
collection,
understanding等后面加of...时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。have
a
(good)
knowledge
of...“精通……”；have
a
(clear/good)
understanding
of...“了解……”。
If
you
don’t
have
a
good
knowledge
of
English,
it’s
out
of
the
question
for
you
to
use
it
flexibly
and
fluently.
如果你不能精通英语，那么灵活而流利地运用它是不可能的。
3．不定冠词用于固定搭配中
all
of
a
sudden
突然
as
a
matter
of
fact
事实上
at
a
loss
不知所措；困惑
pay
a
visit
to
参观；拜访
be/go
on
a
diet
节食
give
sb.a
lift
让某人搭便车
have
a
gift
for...
在……方面有天赋
have
a
word
with
与……谈话
make
a
fool
of
愚弄
in
a
hurry
匆忙地
in
a
way
在某种程度上
keep
an
eye
on
留意；留神
make
a
living
谋生
a
waste
of...
浪费……
once
in
a
while
偶尔
as
a
result/consequence
因此
考点二
定冠词
1．定冠词的基本用法
(1)前面已提及的人或物再次被提到时，或谈话双方都知道的人或物前，一般要加定冠词，表特指。
Take
your
time—it’s
just
a
short
distance
from
here
to
the
restaurant.
不要着急，从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。
(2)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前，表特指。
(重庆卷)I
just
heard
the
bank
where
Dora
works
was
robbed
by
a
gunman
wearing
a
mask. 我刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。
(3)用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于单数可数名词、形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。
The
Smiths
went
on
an
around?the?world
trip.
史密斯一家去环球旅行了。
Soldiers
came
to
rescue
those
buried
under
the
ruins,
and
the
government
provided
food,
clothes
and
shelters
for
the
homeless.
士兵们来营救那些被埋在废墟下的人，政府为无家可归者提供食物、衣服和庇护所。
(4)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
It’s
said
that
corn
was
grown
a
lot
in
Tibet
in
the
17th
century.
据说在十七世纪玉米在西藏被大量种植。
(5)在形容词或副词的最高级或序数词前或由only,
very,
same等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the。
(陕西卷)As
is
known
to
all,
the
People’s
Republic
of
China
is
the
biggest
developing
country
in
the
world.
众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
2．定冠词用于固定结构及固定短语中
(1)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中，表示“按……计算”。但size,
weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
(江西卷)—It’s
said
John
will
be
in
a
job
paying
over
$60，000
a
year.
—据说，约翰将拥有一份年薪超过6万美元的工作。
—Right,
he
will
also
get
paid
by
the
week.
—是的，他的工资也将按周支付。
(2)用于“动词(hit,
strike,
pull,
take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中，其中的the不可用物主代词代替。
hit
sb.on
the
head
打某人的头
pull/take
sb.by
the
hand
拉/抓住某人的手
strike
sb.in
the
face
打某人的脸
(3)用于the＋比较级，
the＋比较级(越……就越……)结构中。
The
more
careful
you
are,
the
fewer
mistakes
you
will
make. 你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。
(4)用于固定搭配中：
at
the
moment
此刻，目前
by
the
way
顺便说一下
in
the
way
阻碍；挡路
go
to
the
cinema/theater
去看电影/戏剧
in
the
distance
在远处
in
the
habit
of
有……的习惯
make
the
most/best
of
充分利用
not
in
the
least
一点也不
on
the
contrary
与此相反
on
the
other
hand
另一方面
the
other
day
几天之前
to
tell
(you)
the
truth
(跟你)说实话
to
the
point
中肯，切题
take
the
place
of
代替
for
the
time
being
暂时
考点三
零冠词
1．零冠词的基本用法
(1)复数名词、不可数名词、抽象名词或物质名词表泛指时，其前不加冠词。
(2018·北京卷)Anger
seems
simple
when
we
are
feeling
it,
but
the
causes
of
anger
are
various. 当我们感到愤怒时，愤怒似乎很简单，但愤怒出现的原因却多种多样。
(江西卷)The
Smiths
don’t
usually
like
staying
at
hotels,
but
last
summer
they
spent
a
few
days
at
a
very
nice
hotel
by
the
sea. 史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。
(2)名词前已有this,
that,
my,
your,
some,
each,
no,
any
等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词等限定词作定语时不用冠词。
(2018·天津卷)Fire
extinguishers
are
located
on
each
floor
and
in
each
apartment.
灭火器安置在每栋公寓的每个楼层。
(3)表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补语时，其前通常用零冠词。
(四川卷)Dr.Peter
Spence,
headmaster
of
the
school,
told
us，“A
fifth
of
pupils
here
go
on
to
study
at
Oxford
and
Cambridge.”
这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”
(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词及球类、棋类和学科名词前。
Of
all
the
subjects,
I
like
history
best
because
it
gives
us
a
useful
knowledge
of
things
in
the
past.
在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有用的知识。
【名师点津】
表示一日三餐、季节、月份、星期等的名词前有修饰语或指具体的某一顿饭或特指某一餐、某一季节、月份等时，其前要用冠词。
According
to
the
weather
report,
we
will
have
a
very
hot
summer
this
year.
根据天气预报，我们今年将会度过一个非常炎热的夏天。
The
only
thing
the
woodman
had
was
a
good
supper
of
a
big
sausage.
樵夫拥有的唯一东西就是一大根香肠作为丰盛的晚餐。
(5)系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。
After
years
of
hard
work,
Tom
turned
engineer
while
Mary
became
a
good
manager. 多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一个出色的经理。
2．零冠词用于固定结构及固定搭配中
(1)用于“零冠词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语＋主句”结构中，意为“虽然……但是……”。
Good
choice
as/though
it
may
be,
he
has
decided
to
give
it
up.
尽管这可能是一个不错的选择，但他还是决定放弃了。
(2)用于固定搭配中：
at
dawn/dusk/night/noon
在黎明/黄昏/夜晚/中午
on/catch
fire
着火
by
mistake
错误地
by
chance/accident
碰巧
in
history
在历史上
under
repair
在维修中
hand
in
hand
手拉手
do
harm
to...
对……有害
on
purpose
故意地
in
place
在正确位置
in
danger
在危险中
make
room
for...
为……让出空间
in
return
作为回报
at
present
目前
ahead
of
time
提前
in
advance
提前
lose
heart
灰心
out
of
control
失控
3.有无冠词意义不同的搭配
at
table
在吃饭
at
the
table
在桌子旁
at
school
在上学
at
the
school
在学校
in
hospital
住院
in
the
hospital
在医院里
in
charge
of
掌管
in
the
charge
of...
在……掌管之中
out
of
question
毫无疑问
out
of
the
question
不可能
跟踪检测·迁移应用
练模拟，练规范，夯基提能
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.(2020·全国卷II)
The
plum
trees
are_________
first
to
flower
even
as
the
snow
is
melting
(融化）。
2.(2019·全国卷I)
Of
_________
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
sub-populations,
three
are
declining,
six
are
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
3.(2019·全国卷II)
She
said,"We
don't
have
any
idea
who
put
grandma
forward.
When
we
got
a
call
saying
she
was
short-listed,we
thought
it
was_________
joke.
”
4.(2018·全国卷II)
Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over_________
past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
5.(2018·全国卷III）Unexpectedly,I'm
face-to-face
with
the
gorilla,
who
begins
screaming
at_________
top
of
her
lungs.
【答案详解】
1.答案：the
解析：这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the.故填
the.
2.答案：the
解析：特指“经过认证的那19个北极熊亚群”。
3.答案：a
解析：joke
是可数名词，前面需要填不定冠词a或an,joke
不是以元音音素开头，故填a.
4.答案：the
解析：此处是特指，故用定冠词
the.over
the
past
25
years表示“在过去的25年里”。
5.答案：the
解析：at
the
top
of“在······顶端”，此处表示“大声地”。
II.精选典题冠词专题对点训练·单句语法填空
1.Give
your
body
and
brain
a
rest
by
stepping
outside
for_________
while,
exercising,
or
doing
something
you
enjoy.
2.After
work,
he
learned
to
play
guitar.
He
liked
living
on
the
farm,
for
the
life
was
simple.
3.The
nursery
team
switches
him
every
few
days
with
his
sister
so
that
while
one
is
being
bottle-fed,
_________
other
is
with
mum
-she
never
suspects.
4.I
could
only
tell
him
truth.
Instead
of
scolding,
he
praised
my
honesty
and
then
encouraged
me
to
apologize
to
our
neighbor.
5.The
'adobe
dwellings(土坯房）built
by
the
Pueblo
Indians
of
the
American
Southwest
are
admired
by
even__________
most
modern
of
architects
and
engineers.
6.One
discovery
I
made
about
giving
something
away
is
that
it
is
almost
possible
to
give
anything
away
in
his
world,
and
the
return
often
comes
in
unexpected
way.
7.Now,
years
later,
this
river
is
one
of
_________
most
outstanding
examples
of
environmental
cleanup.
8.To
this
beautiful,
culturally
remarkable
island,
people’s
recognition
is
honor.
9.She
apologized
for
the
mistake
and
gave
us
a
spare
VIP
room
on
_________
top
floor.
10.I
visited
Hangzhou
for
the
first
time
in
the
summer
of
2019.
It
is
so
attractive
that
I
decided
to
go
there
for
second
time
next
year.
【答案详解】
1.答案：a 解析：for
a
while为固定搭配，意为“一会儿”。
2.答案：the/his 解析：考查冠词或物主代词。guitar为乐器，需在其前加定冠词the。因为guitar和主语he是所属关系，故也可以用形容词性物主代词his。
3.答案：the 解析：此处表示双胞胎大熊猫中的另一只，两者之间的“另一个”应该使用
the
other.
4.答案：the 解析：考查冠词。tell
the
truth为固定词组搭配，故用定冠词the。
5.答案：the 解析：在形容词的最高级的前面用定冠词the。
6.答案：an 解析：此处表示回报经常以一种出乎意料的方式出现。way作“方法，方式”讲时，是可数名词，且此处表示“一种……的方式”，unexpected的发音以元音音素开头，所以要用an。
7.答案：the 解析：此空后面的“most
outstanding”是最高级的形式，故应填定冠词
the.
8.答案：an 解析：句意：对这座富有文化底蕴的美丽小岛来说，人们的认可是一种荣誉。honor通常用作抽象名词，表示“荣誉”，但此处抽象名词具体化，故honor前面需用不定冠词，表示“一种荣誉”。
9.答案：the
解析：on
the
top
floor为固定搭配，意为“在顶层”。
10.答案：a 解析：句意：2019年夏天我第一次去杭州旅游。那里如此迷人，我决定明年再去一次。a
second
time表示“又一次，再一次”，故填a。
III.精选典题冠词专题对点训练·单句改错
16.
I'll
take
this
chance
to
wish
you
wonderful
time
on
your
birthday.
17.
Suddenly,
I
caught
a
sight
of
my
English
teacher
in
the
crowd.
18.
It
was
such
wonderful
dinner
that
we
enjoyed
it
very
much.
19.
In
the
word,
he
is
a
good
student
and
all
of
us
like
him.
20.During
my
last
winter
holiday,I
went
to
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
【答案详解】
16.答案：wonderful
前加a
解析：该表达与
have
a
good
time类似，其中的a不可省。
17.答案：去掉a
解析：catch
sight
of是固定用法，意为“看见，瞥见”。
18.答案：such
后加a
解析：dinner
受形容词修饰时，其前通常要加不定冠词。
19.答案：the改为a
解析：因为in
a
word
为固定用法，意为“总之”“一句话”。
20.答案：在countryside前加
the
解析：
定冠词
the用于某些固定习语中，“go
to
the
countryside”意为“去乡下”。
IV.精选典题冠词专题对点训练·短文语法填空
I?was?traveling?in?(21)________??small?place?in?New?York.(22)________small?place?had?no?
tax
for
(23)________short?distance.?One?had?to?take?a?rickshaw(人力车).I
called
out
for
(24)________old
man
in
the
waiting
line.
Before?I?got?on(25)_____rickshaw,?I?automatically?asked?how?much?he?would?charge?to?take?me
across
to
(26)________Mall.
I
was
told
“10
dollars”.
Then
I
started
bargaining.
He
just
give
me
a
hard
smile
and
said;
“Whatever?you?feel?like,?please
give?me.?It?is?not?necessary
to?bargain?on?this?small?amount.”
I?was(27)________bit?ashamed?at?myself?and?kept?quiet?while?he?continued,?“Unlike?those?taxis,?
my?vehicle?does
not
run
on
petrol
or
diesel
or
even
gas
;
it
runs
on
my
sweat.
So
please
give
it
to
me
with
a
smile,
for
(28)________money?has?to?feed?so?many?hungry?mouths?at?home.”
When?we?reached?the?Mall,?I?gave?him(29)________money?and?the?smile?as?requested?and??added
a
gentle
pat
on
his
back.
He
smiled
back
as
if
to
give
me
a
receipt
and
I
would
preserve
his
smile
for
(30)__________long?time.
【答案详解】
21.答案：
a
解析：根据语境，名词第一次出现，应该是泛指，加a或an,
small是辅音发音开头，故填，a.
22.
答案：The
解析：该句考查定冠词的基本用法，当同一个名词第二次出现时，要用定冠词the.
23.
答案：a
解析：根据句中for
a
short
distance
是固定搭配，前用不定冠词，故填a.
24.答案：an
解析：
该句考查不定冠词的基本用法，
名词第一次出现，应该是泛指，old是以元音音素开头，故填an。
25.
答案：the
解析：根据句意，上文提到人力车，下文就应该是特指，故填定冠词the.
26.答案：the
解析：根据语境，该空特指商业中心，要用定冠词修饰Mall,
故填，the.
27.答案：a
解析：空后出现了bit,
a
bit是固定搭配，表示“一点”的意思，故填，a.
28.
答案：the
解析：该句money
作主语，特指money的用处，故填，the.
29.答案：the
解析：根据句意，特指我给他钱，因此要用定冠词，故填，the.
30.答案：a
解析：根据句中a
long
time
是固定搭配，故填，a.2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺
专题04
【冠词】语法增分攻略原题版
解题指导·触类旁通
寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”
冠词解题两步法
1．判断设空后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。若是可数名词，看是单数还是复数。
2．根据语境或语法结构确定是泛指还是特指。复数名词或不可数名词表泛指，其前不加任何冠词；单数可数名词表泛指时其前需要加不定冠词，表特指要加定冠词the。
【名师点津】a与most连用，位于形容词之前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词之前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。
两个口诀巧判用a/an还是the
①用定冠词的情况：特指双熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，专有名词前、西洋乐器前、序数词与最高级前。
②用不定冠词的情况：泛指一类人与物，与one同义表“一”；和序数词一起表“又一，再一”，词首字母读元音，冠词就要用an,
其他一律用a。
五种可能填冠词的情况
1.填不定冠词的情况：
①________＋单数可数名词
②________＋形容词＋单数可数名词
2.填定冠词的情况：
①________(＋定语)＋名词＋of等介词短语(表特指)
②________(＋定语)＋名词＋定语从句(表特指)
③________(＋定语)＋名词＋不定式/分词短语(表特指)
根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词
①动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位。
②at
a
loss
“不知所措”；
a
waste
of
...“浪费……”；have
a
look/take
a
walk
“看一看/去散步”等固定搭配。
③a＋比较级(＋名词)，表“一个更……的人或物”。
④抽象名词具体化的名词(可概括为：惊、乐、憾、傲、慰、险、助、成、败、美)surprise、
pleasure、
pity、
pride、
comfort、
danger、
help、
success、
failure、
beauty，表具体的意义“一个……”时，其前应加不定冠词a或an。
考点突破·针对提能
明考点，攻重难，有效提升
考点一
不定冠词
不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。
1．不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用于第一次提到或出现的可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
At
that
time,
I
was
working
in
a
factory.The
factory
produces
car
parts.
那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产汽车部件。
(2)用于可数名词单数前，泛指一类人或事物，或指同类中的“一个”。
(福建卷)The“Chinese
Dream”is
a
dream
to
improve
people’s
well?being
and
a
dream
of
harmony,
peace
and
development. “中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦，也是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
(3)表示数量“一”，但不强调数量概念；或表示“任何一个”。
(北京卷)Later
that
morning,
Dario
suggested
that
they
write
a
letter
to
their
neighbors
and
apologize
for
their
playing. 那天上午晚些时候，达里奥建议他们应该给邻居们写一封信，为他们弹钢琴这件事道歉。
(4)用于表示人名的专有名词前，表示“一个叫……的人，一个类似……的人，一部……的作品”。
(四川卷)Brian
is
gifted
in
writing
music;
he
is
very
likely
to
be
a
Beethoven. 布莱恩在创作音乐上很有天赋，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人。
(浙江卷)Experts
think
that
the
recently
discovered
painting
may
be
a
Picasso.
专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。
2．不定冠词的活用
(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
(北京卷)First
impressions
are
the
most
lasting.After
all,
you
never
get
a
second
chance
to
make
a
first
impression.
最初的印象最持久。毕竟，你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。
(2)不定冠词可以用在某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词有success,
failure,
surprise,
pleasure,
beauty,
pity,
danger,
comfort,
honour等。
(山东卷)Being
able
to
afford
a
drink
would
be
a
comfort
in
those
tough
times.
在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge,
collection,
understanding等后面加of...时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。have
a
(good)
knowledge
of...“精通……”；have
a
(clear/good)
understanding
of...“了解……”。
If
you
don’t
have
a
good
knowledge
of
English,
it’s
out
of
the
question
for
you
to
use
it
flexibly
and
fluently.
如果你不能精通英语，那么灵活而流利地运用它是不可能的。
3．不定冠词用于固定搭配中
all
of
a
sudden
突然
as
a
matter
of
fact
事实上
at
a
loss
不知所措；困惑
pay
a
visit
to
参观；拜访
be/go
on
a
diet
节食
give
sb.a
lift
让某人搭便车
have
a
gift
for...
在……方面有天赋
have
a
word
with
与……谈话
make
a
fool
of
愚弄
in
a
hurry
匆忙地
in
a
way
在某种程度上
keep
an
eye
on
留意；留神
make
a
living
谋生
a
waste
of...
浪费……
once
in
a
while
偶尔
as
a
result/consequence
因此
考点二
定冠词
1．定冠词的基本用法
(1)前面已提及的人或物再次被提到时，或谈话双方都知道的人或物前，一般要加定冠词，表特指。
Take
your
time—it’s
just
a
short
distance
from
here
to
the
restaurant.
不要着急，从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。
(2)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前，表特指。
(重庆卷)I
just
heard
the
bank
where
Dora
works
was
robbed
by
a
gunman
wearing
a
mask. 我刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。
(3)用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于单数可数名词、形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。
The
Smiths
went
on
an
around?the?world
trip.
史密斯一家去环球旅行了。
Soldiers
came
to
rescue
those
buried
under
the
ruins,
and
the
government
provided
food,
clothes
and
shelters
for
the
homeless.
士兵们来营救那些被埋在废墟下的人，政府为无家可归者提供食物、衣服和庇护所。
(4)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
It’s
said
that
corn
was
grown
a
lot
in
Tibet
in
the
17th
century.
据说在十七世纪玉米在西藏被大量种植。
(5)在形容词或副词的最高级或序数词前或由only,
very,
same等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the。
(陕西卷)As
is
known
to
all,
the
People’s
Republic
of
China
is
the
biggest
developing
country
in
the
world.
众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
2．定冠词用于固定结构及固定短语中
(1)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中，表示“按……计算”。但size,
weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
(江西卷)—It’s
said
John
will
be
in
a
job
paying
over
$60，000
a
year.
—据说，约翰将拥有一份年薪超过6万美元的工作。
—Right,
he
will
also
get
paid
by
the
week.
—是的，他的工资也将按周支付。
(2)用于“动词(hit,
strike,
pull,
take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中，其中的the不可用物主代词代替。
hit
sb.on
the
head
打某人的头
pull/take
sb.by
the
hand
拉/抓住某人的手
strike
sb.in
the
face
打某人的脸
(3)用于the＋比较级，
the＋比较级(越……就越……)结构中。
The
more
careful
you
are,
the
fewer
mistakes
you
will
make. 你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。
(4)用于固定搭配中：
at
the
moment
此刻，目前
by
the
way
顺便说一下
in
the
way
阻碍；挡路
go
to
the
cinema/theater
去看电影/戏剧
in
the
distance
在远处
in
the
habit
of
有……的习惯
make
the
most/best
of
充分利用
not
in
the
least
一点也不
on
the
contrary
与此相反
on
the
other
hand
另一方面
the
other
day
几天之前
to
tell
(you)
the
truth
(跟你)说实话
to
the
point
中肯，切题
take
the
place
of
代替
for
the
time
being
暂时
考点三
零冠词
1．零冠词的基本用法
(1)复数名词、不可数名词、抽象名词或物质名词表泛指时，其前不加冠词。
(2018·北京卷)Anger
seems
simple
when
we
are
feeling
it,
but
the
causes
of
anger
are
various. 当我们感到愤怒时，愤怒似乎很简单，但愤怒出现的原因却多种多样。
(江西卷)The
Smiths
don’t
usually
like
staying
at
hotels,
but
last
summer
they
spent
a
few
days
at
a
very
nice
hotel
by
the
sea. 史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。
(2)名词前已有this,
that,
my,
your,
some,
each,
no,
any
等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词等限定词作定语时不用冠词。
(2018·天津卷)Fire
extinguishers
are
located
on
each
floor
and
in
each
apartment.
灭火器安置在每栋公寓的每个楼层。
(3)表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补语时，其前通常用零冠词。
(四川卷)Dr.Peter
Spence,
headmaster
of
the
school,
told
us，“A
fifth
of
pupils
here
go
on
to
study
at
Oxford
and
Cambridge.”
这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”
(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词及球类、棋类和学科名词前。
Of
all
the
subjects,
I
like
history
best
because
it
gives
us
a
useful
knowledge
of
things
in
the
past.
在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有用的知识。
【名师点津】
表示一日三餐、季节、月份、星期等的名词前有修饰语或指具体的某一顿饭或特指某一餐、某一季节、月份等时，其前要用冠词。
According
to
the
weather
report,
we
will
have
a
very
hot
summer
this
year.
根据天气预报，我们今年将会度过一个非常炎热的夏天。
The
only
thing
the
woodman
had
was
a
good
supper
of
a
big
sausage.
樵夫拥有的唯一东西就是一大根香肠作为丰盛的晚餐。
(5)系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。
After
years
of
hard
work,
Tom
turned
engineer
while
Mary
became
a
good
manager. 多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一个出色的经理。
2．零冠词用于固定结构及固定搭配中
(1)用于“零冠词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语＋主句”结构中，意为“虽然……但是……”。
Good
choice
as/though
it
may
be,
he
has
decided
to
give
it
up.
尽管这可能是一个不错的选择，但他还是决定放弃了。
(2)用于固定搭配中：
at
dawn/dusk/night/noon
在黎明/黄昏/夜晚/中午
on/catch
fire
着火
by
mistake
错误地
by
chance/accident
碰巧
in
history
在历史上
under
repair
在维修中
hand
in
hand
手拉手
do
harm
to...
对……有害
on
purpose
故意地
in
place
在正确位置
in
danger
在危险中
make
room
for...
为……让出空间
in
return
作为回报
at
present
目前
ahead
of
time
提前
in
advance
提前
lose
heart
灰心
out
of
control
失控
3.有无冠词意义不同的搭配
at
table
在吃饭
at
the
table
在桌子旁
at
school
在上学
at
the
school
在学校
in
hospital
住院
in
the
hospital
在医院里
in
charge
of
掌管
in
the
charge
of...
在……掌管之中
out
of
question
毫无疑问
out
of
the
question
不可能
跟踪检测·迁移应用
练模拟，练规范，夯基提能
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.
(2020·全国卷II)
The
plum
trees
are_________
first
to
flower
even
as
the
snow
is
melting
(融化）。
2.
(2019·全国卷I)
Of
_________
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
sub-populations,
three
are
declining,
six
are
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
3.
(2019·全国卷II)
She
said,"We
don't
have
any
idea
who
put
grandma
forward.
When
we
got
a
call
saying
she
was
short-listed,we
thought
it
was_________
joke.
”
4.
(2018·全国卷II)
Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over_________
past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
5.
(2018·全国卷III）Unexpectedly,I'm
face-to-face
with
the
gorilla,
who
begins
screaming
at_________
top
of
her
lungs.
II.精选典题冠词专题对点训练·单句语法填空
1.
Give
your
body
and
brain
a
rest
by
stepping
outside
for_________
while,
exercising,
or
doing
something
you
enjoy.
2.
After
work,
he
learned
to
play
guitar.
He
liked
living
on
the
farm,
for
the
life
was
simple.
3.
The
nursery
team
switches
him
every
few
days
with
his
sister
so
that
while
one
is
being
bottle-fed,
_________
other
is
with
mum
-she
never
suspects.
4.
I
could
only
tell
him
truth.
Instead
of
scolding,
he
praised
my
honesty
and
then
encouraged
me
to
apologize
to
our
neighbor.
5.
The
'adobe
dwellings(土坯房）built
by
the
Pueblo
Indians
of
the
American
Southwest
are
admired
by
even__________
most
modern
of
architects
and
engineers.
6.
One
discovery
I
made
about
giving
something
away
is
that
it
is
almost
possible
to
give
anything
away
in
his
world,
and
the
return
often
comes
in
unexpected
way.
7.
Now,
years
later,
this
river
is
one
of
_________
most
outstanding
examples
of
environmental
cleanup.
8.
To
this
beautiful,
culturally
remarkable
island,
people’s
recognition
is
honor.
9.
She
apologized
for
the
mistake
and
gave
us
a
spare
VIP
room
on
_________
top
floor.
10.
I
visited
Hangzhou
for
the
first
time
in
the
summer
of
2019.
It
is
so
attractive
that
I
decided
to
go
there
for
second
time
next
year.
III.精选典题冠词专题对点训练·单句改错
16.
I'll
take
this
chance
to
wish
you
wonderful
time
on
your
birthday.
17.
Suddenly,
I
caught
a
sight
of
my
English
teacher
in
the
crowd.
18.
It
was
such
wonderful
dinner
that
we
enjoyed
it
very
much.
19.
In
the
word,
he
is
a
good
student
and
all
of
us
like
him.
20.During
my
last
winter
holiday,I
went
to
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
IV.精选典题冠词专题对点训练·短文语法填空
I?was?traveling?in?(21)________??small?place?in?New?York.(22)________small?place?had?no?
tax
for
(23)________short?distance.?One?had?to?take?a?rickshaw(人力车).I
called
out
for
(24)________old
man
in
the
waiting
line.
Before?I?got?on(25)_____rickshaw,?I?automatically?asked?how?much?he?would?charge?to?take?me
across
to
(26)________Mall.
I
was
told
“10
dollars”.
Then
I
started
bargaining.
He
just
give
me
a
hard
smile
and
said;
“Whatever?you?feel?like,?please
give?me.?It?is?not?necessary
to?bargain?on?this?small?amount.”
I?was(27)________bit?ashamed?at?myself?and?kept?quiet?while?he?continued,?“Unlike?those?taxis,?
my?vehicle?does
not
run
on
petrol
or
diesel
or
even
gas
;
it
runs
on
my
sweat.
So
please
give
it
to
me
with
a
smile,
for
(28)________money?has?to?feed?so?many?hungry?mouths?at?home.”
When?we?reached?the?Mall,?I?gave?him(29)________money?and?the?smile?as?requested?and??added
a
gentle
pat
on
his
back.
He
smiled
back
as
if
to
give
me
a
receipt
and
I
would
preserve
his
smile
for
(30)__________long?time.
