2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺学案:专题06【介词】 (原卷版+解析版)

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名称 2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺学案:专题06【介词】 (原卷版+解析版)
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2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺
专题06
【介词】语法增分攻略解析版
解题指导·触类旁通
寻方法,求策略,掌握“套路”
顺藤摸瓜填介词
1.判断空后是否有谓语,确定填介词
设空后没有谓语动词,而是名词、代词、动名词或what从句,且它们不在句中作主语也不作动词的宾语,则该空填介词,空后的部分作它的宾语。
2.记牢一词多义的情况
(1)
for:
①(去向)往;向,如:leave
for
动身去......;②为得到,为获取;
③表一段时间,如:for
two
years
两年;
④因为,由于;⑤就……而言。
(2)
in:
①in+一段时间,用于将来时;
②in+表示“方式/语言/材料”的名词,表“以……方式/用……语言/材料”;
③表方向,朝,向,如in
the
direction。
(3)
by+交通工具/通信工具,也可表方式,如by
car/train/air/sea/letter/email/phone/hand。
(4)with:①带有,具有;②用,以;③和……在一起;④因为,由于;⑤和其他动词连用。
(5)beyond:①在……另一边;
②在……更远处;
③超出;非......所能及。
(6)as用作介词,意为“作为”,常用于一些动词之后;work
as
从事……工作;serve
as
可用作……;
act
as
担任;充当......。
3.依据句式和搭配填介词
①与动词搭配,如:mistake
...
for
...
“把……误认为......”;devote
...
to
...
“致力于……”。
②与名词或代词搭配,如:(a)
lack
of
“缺乏……”;
on
one’s
own/by
oneself
“靠自己”。
③与形容词搭配,如:be
absent
from
“缺席”;
be
busy
with
“忙于”。
④及物动词realize、
enter、
reach、
approach、
marry、
discuss等后不加介词;不及物动词agree、
arrive、
graduate等后接宾语时需加介词。
⑤this、
that、
every、
each、
last、
(the)
next构成的时间状语前不加介词,如last
year/month。
考点突破·针对提能
明考点,攻重难,有效提升
考点一
常考介词的用法
1.表示时间的介词
介词
用法
at
表示时间点,时刻等。at
6
o’clock;at
daybreak
on
表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on
Monday
afternoon;on
a
rainy
day
morning
in
表示在某段较长的时间内。in
the
20th
century;in
winter;in
September;in
the
morning
in/after+时间段
在……之后。“in+时间段”常与将来时连用;“after+时间段”常与过去时连用
since
后接时间点,自从……以来
for
后接时间段,长达……
until/till
直到……
by
到……为止;不迟于……
during
在……期间
before
在……之前
over
在……期间;直到……结束
through
一直,自始至终
(2018·天津卷)The
global
population
is
expected
to
grow
to
9.6
billion
by
2050,
and
some
analysts
estimate
that
food
production
will
need
to
be
raised
by
50
percent
to
maintain
current
levels. 到2050年,全球人口数量预计将增长到96亿人。一些分析学家预测食品生产量需要增长50%才可以保持现状。
In
Britain,
it’s
not
unusual
to
have
a
business
meeting
over
breakfast. 
在英国,早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。
【名师点津】
(1)当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,every,each等词修饰时,通常不用任何介词。
(2)“on/upon+名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一……就……”。
2.表示方位的介词
介词
用法
at
后常接相对较小的地方
in
后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内
on
表示“在……上”(反义词:beneath)
across
表示“从……的表面穿过;在……对面”
through
表示“从……的内部穿过”
over
表示“从……的上面跨过”(反义词:under)
above
指离开物体表面而在其上方,但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过,多于,大于”(反义词:below)
(上海卷)The
sunlight
came
in
through
the
windows
in
the
roof
and
lit
up
the
whole
room.
阳光透过天窗,照亮了整个房间。
(陕西卷)The
dog
jumped
over
some
bushes
and
saw
the
little
stream,
where
the
girl
was
asleep.
狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪,小女孩在那里睡着了。
3.表示方式的介词
表示使用的工具、手段、材料时,with,by,in,on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官;by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具;in指使用某种语言、笔墨等;on
多用于固定词组中。
by
train     
乘火车
on
the
radio
通过收音机
on
TV
通过电视
with
a
pencil
用铅笔
4.表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)
介词(短语)
用法
besides
意为“除……之外(还有)”,相当于in
addition
to
except
意为“除……之外(别无)”,可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句
but
意为“除……之外”(=except)
apart
from
既可相当于besides或in
addition
to,也可相当于except
for
other
than
意为“除……之外(别无)”
(福建卷)Apart
from
good
service,the
restaurant
offers
different
kinds
of
traditional
Fujian
dishes. 除了优质的服务外,这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。
【名师点津】
(1)but常用于nobody,none,no
one,nothing,anything,
everyone,all
之后。接不定式时,如果前有实义动词do,则不定式中的to省略。
(2)besides还可作副词,意为“另外,而且”,在句中常作插入语。
5.表示原因的介词(短语)
for,
because
of,
due
to,
thanks
to,
owing
to,
on
account
of,
as
a
result
of
(浙江卷)The
open?air
celebration
has
been
put
off
because
of
the
bad
weather.
因为天气不好,这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。
Owing
to
bad
weather,
the
flight
was
delayed
for
a
couple
of
hours. 由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时。
【名师点津】
上述短语除了due
to不仅可作状语还可作表语外,其他短语只能作状语。thanks
to
表示“多亏,幸亏”,多位于句首。
6.其他常考的介词
介词
用法
against
违背,反对;倚靠;以……为背景,衬托
beyond
(范围、限度)超出,为……所不能及
by
程度或增减的幅度;按……计
despite
尽管
for
(表示目的)为了;(表示对象或用途)给;因为;从……来看;赞成,支持
with
和……在一起;和,跟;具有,带有;(表示伴随)随着
within
(范围、程度)在……之内
without
没有
off
(表示位置)在……的外面;(表示方向)偏离;从……离开
(重庆卷)She
drove
so
fast
at
the
turn
that
the
car
almost
went
off
the
road.
她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。
Tired,
Jim
was
fast
asleep
with
his
back
against
a
big
tree. 
吉姆累了,背靠着一棵大树很快睡着了。
(福建卷)Any
driver
found
drinking
beyond
the
limit
will
be
charged. 任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。
考点二
常考介词短语及搭配
高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查,介词与动词、介词与形容词、介词与名词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有:
(一)介词与动词构成的搭配
take
advantage
of       
利用
thank
sb.
for
sth.
为某事感谢某人
have
an
effect
on
对……有影响
separate...from
把……与……分开
make
a
list
of
列出一张……的单子
play
with
同……一起玩;玩弄
say
goodbye
to
对……说再见
contribute
to
贡献;有助于;促成
provide...with...
提供给某人某物
hold
up
举起
rely
on
依靠
refer
to
提及;参考;查阅
pass
by
经过
care
about
关心;介意
feel
like
想要
call
for
需要
pay
for
为……付款
apply
for
申请
begin
with
以……开始
(二)介词与形容词构成的搭配
1.be+adj.+about
be
anxious
about
忧虑……
be
curious
about
对……好奇
be
particular
about
对……讲究/挑剔
be
worried/concerned
about
担心……
2.be+adj.+at
be
angry
at
因……生气
be
good
at
擅长
be
astonished
at
对……吃惊
be
present
at
出席
3.be+adj.+in
be
absorbed
in
专注于……
be
active
in
积极于……
be
dressed
in
穿着……
be
engaged
in
忙于……
be
rich
in
富含……
be
occupied
in
忙于……
4.be+adj.+for
be
eager
for
渴望……
be
famous
for
以……著名
be
fit
for
适合,胜任……
be
ready
for
准备好……
be
sorry
for
对……感到抱歉
be
prepared
for
为……做好准备
5.be+adj.+from
be
absent
from
缺席
be
different
from
不同于
be
far
from
远离
be
free
from
不受……影响
6.be+adj.+to
be
close
to
接近……
be
devoted
to
致力于……
be
equal
to
等于;胜任
be
familiar
to
对……来说熟悉
be
friendly
to
对……友好
be
harmful
to
对……有危害
be
kind
to
对……友好
be
similar
to
与……相似
be
grateful
to
对……心存感激
7.be+adj.+of
be
aware
of
意识到……
be
fond
of
喜欢……
be
proud
of
因……而自豪
be
short
of
缺乏……
8.be+adj.+with
be
busy
with
忙于……
be
familiar
with
对……熟悉
be
combined
with
与……结合
be
patient
with
对……有耐心
be
popular
with
受……的欢迎
be
pleased
with
对……感到满意
by
angry
with
(sb.)
对(某人)发怒
(三)介词与名词构成的搭配
1.“at+n.”表示状态
at
a
loss
不知所措
at
peace
处于和平中
at
war
在战争中
at
work
在工作
2.其他以at开头的介词短语
at
the
beginning
of
在……的开始
at
the
cost
of
以……为代价
at
the
risk
of
冒……的危险
at
the
mercy
of
在……支配下
3.“on+n.”表示状态
on
exhibition/show
在展出
on
fire
着火
on
sale
出售;打折
on
the
way
在途中
on
the
decrease/increase
在减少/增加
on
holiday/vacation
在度假
4.其他以on开头的介词短语
on
account
of
因为
on
behalf
of
代表
on
no
account/condition
决不
5.“by+n.”表示方式
by
accident
偶然
by
air/plane
乘飞机
by
chance
偶然
by
coincidence
碰巧
by
hand
用手
by
mistake
错误地
by
the
day
按天算
by
nature
天生地
6.“in+n.”表示方式
in
cash
用现金付款
in
depth
在深度上
in
detail
详细地
in
height
在高度上
in
length
在长度上
in
English
用英语
7.其他以in开头的介词短语
in
no
time
立刻
in
no
way
决不
in
place
of
代替
in
possession
of
拥有,占有
in
addition
to
另外
in
charge
of
掌管……
in
return
作为回报
in
spite
of
尽管
in
exchange
for
作为交换
in
favo(u)r
of
支持,赞成
in
case
of
万一;如果;假如
in
hono(u)r
of
为向……表示敬意
in
memory
of
为了纪念……
in
support
of
为支持……
8.“of+n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
of
benefit(=beneficial)
有益处的
of
help(=helpful)
有帮助的
of
importance(=important)
重要的
of
significance(=significant)
有重大意义的
of
use(=useful)
有用的
of
value(=valuable)
有价值的
9.“out
of+n.”表示状态
out
of
balance
失去平衡
out
of
breath
上气不接下气
out
of
control
不受控制
out
of
date
过时
out
of
order
出故障
out
of
sight
看不到
out
of
the
question
不可能
out
of
question
毫无疑问
out
of
work
失业
10.“under+n.”表示被动
under
attack
遭到袭击
under
pressure
在压力下
under
treatment
在治疗中
under
control
处于控制之下
11.“with+n.”表示行为方式
with
delight/joy
高兴地
with
difficulty
困难地
with
ease
轻而易举地
with
fear
害怕地
with
pleasure
乐意地
12.“beyond+n.”表示“超出……,难以……”
beyond
compare
无与伦比
beyond
reach
够不到
beyond
description
难以描述
beyond
expression/words
难以表达
(四)介词与其他词构成的搭配
next
to
紧挨着
in
between
在中间,在两者之间
instead
of
代替
apart
from
除……之外
regardless
of
不管,不顾
according
to
根据
along
with
随着
together
with
连同
owing
to
因为
but
for
要不是
up
to
直到;由……而定
(五)易用错的介词
with
the
help
of
在……的帮助下
under
the
leadership
of
在……的领导下
the
article
in
the
newspaper
报纸上的文章
a
hole
in
the
wall
墙上的洞
a
bird
in
the
tree
树上的鸟
apples
on
the
tree
树上的苹果
tickets
for
the
concert
音乐会的票
in
the
direction
of
朝着……的方向
set
an
example
to
sb.
给某人树立榜样
跟踪检测·迁移应用
练模拟,练规范,夯基提能
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.
(2020·全国III)
The
artist
was
finally
humbled(谦卑)by
the
greatest
artist
on________
earth,Mother
Nature.
2.
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
________
dogs,
seven
to
be
exact.
3.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
I
was
searching
________
these
three
western
lowland
gorillas
I'd
been
observing.
4.
(2019·北京高考)
First
celebrated
________1970,
the
Day
now
includes
events
in
more
than
190
countries
and
regions
(地区).
5.
(2018·江苏)
China’s
soft
power
grows
in
line
________
the
increasing
appreciation
and
understanding
of
China
globally.
【答案详解】
1.答案:on
解析
句意:那位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然所打败。on
earth
意为“在世界上”,为固定搭配。
2.答案:of 解析
句意为:我们最先听到了一群狗的叫声——准确来说是七只狗的叫声。a
pack
of为固定搭配,意为“一群;一盒;一伙”,故填of。
3.答案:for 解析
句意:“我”在寻找“我”一直在研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。search
for是动词短语,表“寻找;搜寻”。
4.答案:in 解析
句意:第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今,这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
5.答案:with
解析
句意:中国的软实力随着全球对中国的认识和理解不断增强而增强。“in
line
with”表示“适应;和······一致;符合”。
II.精选典题介词专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6.
This
trend
was
started
by
the
medical
community
(医学界)
________
method
of
fighting
heart
disease.
7.
After
school
she
plans
to
take
a
year
off
to
model
full-time
before
going
to
university
to
get
a
degree________
engineering
or
architecture.
8.
It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
________
work.
9.
One
cup
of
coffee
________the
late
afternoon
or
evening
will
cause
them
to
stay
awake
almost
all
night.
10.
If
you
are
not
going
to
suffer
this
problem,
then
I
suggest
that
the
next
time
you
go
to
your
mum’s
home
________
dinner,
get
a
few
cooking
tips
from
her.
11.
But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
________
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid-1980s.
12.
________
its
high
altitudes,
long
periods
of
dry
weather
and
abundant
sunshine,
there
produces
fruits
with
extremely
high
sugar
content.
13.
Most
of
us
are
more
focused
________
our
tasks
in
the
morning
than
we
are
later
in
the
day.
14.
We
are
determined
that
our
training
should
keep
pace________
the
current
development
in
education.
15.
________
all
the
problems,
several
of
the
players
produced
excellent
performances.
【答案详解】
6.
答案:as 解析
句意:医学界开创这个潮流作为一种抵御心脏病的方法。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作状语,表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方法”,所以填as,表示“作为”。
7.
答案:in 解析
句意:在上大学获取工程学或建筑学方面的学位前,她计划毕业后休学一年做全职模特。此处表示得到一个在工程学或者建筑学方面的学位。此处考查in的本意“在……方面”。考生可能会误用on和about,这两个介词本意为“关于……”。degree
in“在某方面的学位”。
8.
答案:from 解析
句意:地铁仅在地下运行7
000米,使人们在上下班时避开路上拥挤的人群。此处是指“当他们来回上下班时”。
9.
答案:in 解析
句意:在傍晚或晚上喝一杯咖啡会导致他们几乎整夜失眠。in
the
late
afternoon
or
evening
“在傍晚或晚上”,
故填介词in。
10.
答案:for 解析
句意:下次你去你母亲那里吃饭的时候,从她那里获取一些做饭方面的建议。根据语境可知设空处表“为了”之意,应用介词for表目的。
11.
答案:to 解析
句意:“我”与熊猫的关系要追溯到20世纪80年代中期,“我”拍一个电视节目的时候。go
back
to“追溯到;回溯到”。
12.
答案:With 解析
句意:由于海拔高,长期的干燥天气和充裕的阳光,那里盛产高糖分的水果。由空后的内容可知,该处叙述的是那里的地理特征,with意为“带有;具有”,符合语境。
13.
答案:on 解析
句意:我们大多数人早晨比一天中晚些时候更专心于我们的工作。be
focused
on“专心于……”。
14.答案:with 解析
句意:我们决心使我们的培训跟上当前教育的发展。根据句意及设空前的keep
pace可知此处是固定短语keep
pace
with
“与……保持同步”,
故填介词with。
15.
答案:Despite
解析
句意:尽管存在所有这些问题,几个运动员还是表现很好。设空后是名词all
the
problems,
故设空处应填介词
despite
“尽管,不管”。
III.精选典题介词专题对点训练·单句改错
16.
As
is
known
by
all,
illnesses
always
bring
pains
and
sufferings
to
humans,
but
doctors
can
help
us
get
rid
of
them.
17.
Most
of
us
students
like
to
study
in
the
library
partly
because
its
quiet
learning
environment
is
beneficial
with
our
study.
18.
When
I
look
at
this
picture
of
myself,
I
realize
of
how
fast
time
flies.
19.
I
want
my
cafe
to
have
a
special
theme
such
as
like
“Tang
Dynasty”.
20.
At
the
end
of
our
trip,
I
told
my
father
that
I
planned
to
return
for
every
two
years.
【答案详解】
16.
答案:by→to
解析:as
is
known
to
all
,
表“众所周知”,为固定搭配。

17.
答案:with→to
解析:介词错误。表示“对……有益处”时,beneficial常与to连用。
18.
答案:去掉第二个of
解析: realize为及物动词,可以直接跟宾语。考生易受含of的短语hear
of(听说);learn
of(了解到);think
of(想起);dream
of(梦见);talk
of(谈起)等的影响,不易发现此处的错误。
19.
答案:去掉like
解析: such
as和like都可表示“像”,用于列举事物,此处的like和such
as
重复。故去掉like。
20.
答案:去掉for
解析:every
two
years
“每两年”,本身是固定短语,其前不加介词。
IV.精选典题介词专题对点训练·短文语法填空
In
the
chemistry
lab,because
21.__________
the
student's
carelessness,the
tube
cracked
and
the
liquid
in
it
caused
a
fire
on
the
table.Fortunately,he
put
it
out
22.
__________time
at
last.
In
fact,
it
is
common
to
have
some
small
accidents
caused
23.__________carelessness.I
used
to
enjoy
cooking,
so
I
always
sought
a
chance
to
cook.
However,the
desire
led
24.
__________an
accident.
Once
I
stayed
25.__________
home
alone.I
found
it
a
chance
to
cook.I
put
all
the
food
I
needed
26.__________a
pot.Then
I
had
to
wait
27.__________it
to
boil.In
order
to
kill
the
waiting
time,I
went
to
watch
TV.Only
in
a
few
minutes
was
I
fascinated
by
a
wonderful
programme.It
was
about
half
an
hour
later
that
I
remembered
my
food.I
turned
28.__________the
cooker
immediately
but
unfortunately
the
food
ran
over
29.__________the
pot,
I
was
blamed
and
had
to
clean
the
kitchen.So
we
should
pay
attention
30.__________everything
we
are
doing
to
avoid
accidents.
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉读者在日常生活中应该处处小心以免发生意外。
21.
答案:of
设空处后的中心词为名词设空处前为because,由此可判断设空处填
of.
Because
of是介词短语,意为“由于”。
22.
答案:in句意:幸运的是,最后他及时将火扑灭了。in
time及时。
23.
答案:by
句意:事实上,由于粗心而导致一此小事故很常见。by放在过去分词后,为
“被,由”,本句中caused
by
carelessness作定语修饰
accidents.
24.
答案:to
句意:然而,这种做饭的欲望却导致了一次事故。lead
to动词短语,意为“导致”。
25.
答案:at
句意:一次我独自待在家里。stay
at
home
为固定短语,意为“待在家里”。
26.
答案:into
句意:我将我所需要的所有食物都放进一口锅里。put...into...“将······放进······”。
27.
答案:for
解析:wait
for
固定短语,意为“等待”。
28.
答案:off
解析:turn
off“关闭(煤气、电路等)”。
29.
答案:from
解析:run
over
from“从······中溢出”。
30.
答案:to
解析:pay
attention
to
为固定短语,意为“注意”。2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺
专题06
【介词】语法增分攻略原题版
解题指导·触类旁通
寻方法,求策略,掌握“套路”
顺藤摸瓜填介词
1.判断空后是否有谓语,确定填介词
设空后没有谓语动词,而是名词、代词、动名词或what从句,且它们不在句中作主语也不作动词的宾语,则该空填介词,空后的部分作它的宾语。
2.记牢一词多义的情况
(1)
for:
①(去向)往;向,如:leave
for
动身去......;②为得到,为获取;
③表一段时间,如:for
two
years
两年;
④因为,由于;⑤就……而言。
(2)
in:
①in+一段时间,用于将来时;
②in+表示“方式/语言/材料”的名词,表“以……方式/用……语言/材料”;
③表方向,朝,向,如in
the
direction。
(3)
by+交通工具/通信工具,也可表方式,如by
car/train/air/sea/letter/email/phone/hand。
(4)with:①带有,具有;②用,以;③和……在一起;④因为,由于;⑤和其他动词连用。
(5)beyond:①在……另一边;
②在……更远处;
③超出;非......所能及。
(6)as用作介词,意为“作为”,常用于一些动词之后;work
as
从事……工作;serve
as
可用作……;
act
as
担任;充当......。
3.依据句式和搭配填介词
①与动词搭配,如:mistake
...
for
...
“把……误认为......”;devote
...
to
...
“致力于……”。
②与名词或代词搭配,如:(a)
lack
of
“缺乏……”;
on
one’s
own/by
oneself
“靠自己”。
③与形容词搭配,如:be
absent
from
“缺席”;
be
busy
with
“忙于”。
④及物动词realize、
enter、
reach、
approach、
marry、
discuss等后不加介词;不及物动词agree、
arrive、
graduate等后接宾语时需加介词。
⑤this、
that、
every、
each、
last、
(the)
next构成的时间状语前不加介词,如last
year/month。
考点突破·针对提能
明考点,攻重难,有效提升
考点一
常考介词的用法
1.表示时间的介词
介词
用法
at
表示时间点,时刻等。at
6
o’clock;at
daybreak
on
表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on
Monday
afternoon;on
a
rainy
day
morning
in
表示在某段较长的时间内。in
the
20th
century;in
winter;in
September;in
the
morning
in/after+时间段
在……之后。“in+时间段”常与将来时连用;“after+时间段”常与过去时连用
since
后接时间点,自从……以来
for
后接时间段,长达……
until/till
直到……
by
到……为止;不迟于……
during
在……期间
before
在……之前
over
在……期间;直到……结束
through
一直,自始至终
(2018·天津卷)The
global
population
is
expected
to
grow
to
9.6
billion
by
2050,
and
some
analysts
estimate
that
food
production
will
need
to
be
raised
by
50
percent
to
maintain
current
levels. 到2050年,全球人口数量预计将增长到96亿人。一些分析学家预测食品生产量需要增长50%才可以保持现状。
In
Britain,
it’s
not
unusual
to
have
a
business
meeting
over
breakfast. 
在英国,早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。
【名师点津】
(1)当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,every,each等词修饰时,通常不用任何介词。
(2)“on/upon+名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一……就……”。
2.表示方位的介词
介词
用法
at
后常接相对较小的地方
in
后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内
on
表示“在……上”(反义词:beneath)
across
表示“从……的表面穿过;在……对面”
through
表示“从……的内部穿过”
over
表示“从……的上面跨过”(反义词:under)
above
指离开物体表面而在其上方,但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过,多于,大于”(反义词:below)
(上海卷)The
sunlight
came
in
through
the
windows
in
the
roof
and
lit
up
the
whole
room.
阳光透过天窗,照亮了整个房间。
(陕西卷)The
dog
jumped
over
some
bushes
and
saw
the
little
stream,
where
the
girl
was
asleep.
狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪,小女孩在那里睡着了。
3.表示方式的介词
表示使用的工具、手段、材料时,with,by,in,on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官;by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具;in指使用某种语言、笔墨等;on
多用于固定词组中。
by
train     
乘火车
on
the
radio
通过收音机
on
TV
通过电视
with
a
pencil
用铅笔
4.表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)
介词(短语)
用法
besides
意为“除……之外(还有)”,相当于in
addition
to
except
意为“除……之外(别无)”,可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句
but
意为“除……之外”(=except)
apart
from
既可相当于besides或in
addition
to,也可相当于except
for
other
than
意为“除……之外(别无)”
(福建卷)Apart
from
good
service,the
restaurant
offers
different
kinds
of
traditional
Fujian
dishes. 除了优质的服务外,这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。
【名师点津】
(1)but常用于nobody,none,no
one,nothing,anything,
everyone,all
之后。接不定式时,如果前有实义动词do,则不定式中的to省略。
(2)besides还可作副词,意为“另外,而且”,在句中常作插入语。
5.表示原因的介词(短语)
for,
because
of,
due
to,
thanks
to,
owing
to,
on
account
of,
as
a
result
of
(浙江卷)The
open?air
celebration
has
been
put
off
because
of
the
bad
weather.
因为天气不好,这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。
Owing
to
bad
weather,
the
flight
was
delayed
for
a
couple
of
hours. 由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时。
【名师点津】
上述短语除了due
to不仅可作状语还可作表语外,其他短语只能作状语。thanks
to
表示“多亏,幸亏”,多位于句首。
6.其他常考的介词
介词
用法
against
违背,反对;倚靠;以……为背景,衬托
beyond
(范围、限度)超出,为……所不能及
by
程度或增减的幅度;按……计
despite
尽管
for
(表示目的)为了;(表示对象或用途)给;因为;从……来看;赞成,支持
with
和……在一起;和,跟;具有,带有;(表示伴随)随着
within
(范围、程度)在……之内
without
没有
off
(表示位置)在……的外面;(表示方向)偏离;从……离开
(重庆卷)She
drove
so
fast
at
the
turn
that
the
car
almost
went
off
the
road.
她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。
Tired,
Jim
was
fast
asleep
with
his
back
against
a
big
tree. 
吉姆累了,背靠着一棵大树很快睡着了。
(福建卷)Any
driver
found
drinking
beyond
the
limit
will
be
charged. 任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。
考点二
常考介词短语及搭配
高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查,介词与动词、介词与形容词、介词与名词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有:
(一)介词与动词构成的搭配
take
advantage
of       
利用
thank
sb.
for
sth.
为某事感谢某人
have
an
effect
on
对……有影响
separate...from
把……与……分开
make
a
list
of
列出一张……的单子
play
with
同……一起玩;玩弄
say
goodbye
to
对……说再见
contribute
to
贡献;有助于;促成
provide...with...
提供给某人某物
hold
up
举起
rely
on
依靠
refer
to
提及;参考;查阅
pass
by
经过
care
about
关心;介意
feel
like
想要
call
for
需要
pay
for
为……付款
apply
for
申请
begin
with
以……开始
(二)介词与形容词构成的搭配
1.be+adj.+about
be
anxious
about
忧虑……
be
curious
about
对……好奇
be
particular
about
对……讲究/挑剔
be
worried/concerned
about
担心……
2.be+adj.+at
be
angry
at
因……生气
be
good
at
擅长
be
astonished
at
对……吃惊
be
present
at
出席
3.be+adj.+in
be
absorbed
in
专注于……
be
active
in
积极于……
be
dressed
in
穿着……
be
engaged
in
忙于……
be
rich
in
富含……
be
occupied
in
忙于……
4.be+adj.+for
be
eager
for
渴望……
be
famous
for
以……著名
be
fit
for
适合,胜任……
be
ready
for
准备好……
be
sorry
for
对……感到抱歉
be
prepared
for
为……做好准备
5.be+adj.+from
be
absent
from
缺席
be
different
from
不同于
be
far
from
远离
be
free
from
不受……影响
6.be+adj.+to
be
close
to
接近……
be
devoted
to
致力于……
be
equal
to
等于;胜任
be
familiar
to
对……来说熟悉
be
friendly
to
对……友好
be
harmful
to
对……有危害
be
kind
to
对……友好
be
similar
to
与……相似
be
grateful
to
对……心存感激
7.be+adj.+of
be
aware
of
意识到……
be
fond
of
喜欢……
be
proud
of
因……而自豪
be
short
of
缺乏……
8.be+adj.+with
be
busy
with
忙于……
be
familiar
with
对……熟悉
be
combined
with
与……结合
be
patient
with
对……有耐心
be
popular
with
受……的欢迎
be
pleased
with
对……感到满意
by
angry
with
(sb.)
对(某人)发怒
(三)介词与名词构成的搭配
1.“at+n.”表示状态
at
a
loss
不知所措
at
peace
处于和平中
at
war
在战争中
at
work
在工作
2.其他以at开头的介词短语
at
the
beginning
of
在……的开始
at
the
cost
of
以……为代价
at
the
risk
of
冒……的危险
at
the
mercy
of
在……支配下
3.“on+n.”表示状态
on
exhibition/show
在展出
on
fire
着火
on
sale
出售;打折
on
the
way
在途中
on
the
decrease/increase
在减少/增加
on
holiday/vacation
在度假
4.其他以on开头的介词短语
on
account
of
因为
on
behalf
of
代表
on
no
account/condition
决不
5.“by+n.”表示方式
by
accident
偶然
by
air/plane
乘飞机
by
chance
偶然
by
coincidence
碰巧
by
hand
用手
by
mistake
错误地
by
the
day
按天算
by
nature
天生地
6.“in+n.”表示方式
in
cash
用现金付款
in
depth
在深度上
in
detail
详细地
in
height
在高度上
in
length
在长度上
in
English
用英语
7.其他以in开头的介词短语
in
no
time
立刻
in
no
way
决不
in
place
of
代替
in
possession
of
拥有,占有
in
addition
to
另外
in
charge
of
掌管……
in
return
作为回报
in
spite
of
尽管
in
exchange
for
作为交换
in
favo(u)r
of
支持,赞成
in
case
of
万一;如果;假如
in
hono(u)r
of
为向……表示敬意
in
memory
of
为了纪念……
in
support
of
为支持……
8.“of+n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
of
benefit(=beneficial)
有益处的
of
help(=helpful)
有帮助的
of
importance(=important)
重要的
of
significance(=significant)
有重大意义的
of
use(=useful)
有用的
of
value(=valuable)
有价值的
9.“out
of+n.”表示状态
out
of
balance
失去平衡
out
of
breath
上气不接下气
out
of
control
不受控制
out
of
date
过时
out
of
order
出故障
out
of
sight
看不到
out
of
the
question
不可能
out
of
question
毫无疑问
out
of
work
失业
10.“under+n.”表示被动
under
attack
遭到袭击
under
pressure
在压力下
under
treatment
在治疗中
under
control
处于控制之下
11.“with+n.”表示行为方式
with
delight/joy
高兴地
with
difficulty
困难地
with
ease
轻而易举地
with
fear
害怕地
with
pleasure
乐意地
12.“beyond+n.”表示“超出……,难以……”
beyond
compare
无与伦比
beyond
reach
够不到
beyond
description
难以描述
beyond
expression/words
难以表达
(四)介词与其他词构成的搭配
next
to
紧挨着
in
between
在中间,在两者之间
instead
of
代替
apart
from
除……之外
regardless
of
不管,不顾
according
to
根据
along
with
随着
together
with
连同
owing
to
因为
but
for
要不是
up
to
直到;由……而定
(五)易用错的介词
with
the
help
of
在……的帮助下
under
the
leadership
of
在……的领导下
the
article
in
the
newspaper
报纸上的文章
a
hole
in
the
wall
墙上的洞
a
bird
in
the
tree
树上的鸟
apples
on
the
tree
树上的苹果
tickets
for
the
concert
音乐会的票
in
the
direction
of
朝着……的方向
set
an
example
to
sb.
给某人树立榜样
跟踪检测·迁移应用
练模拟,练规范,夯基提能
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.
(2020·全国III)
The
artist
was
finally
humbled(谦卑)by
the
greatest
artist
on________
earth,Mother
Nature.
2.
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
________
dogs,
seven
to
be
exact.
3.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
I
was
searching
________
these
three
western
lowland
gorillas
I'd
been
observing.
4.
(2019·北京高考)
First
celebrated
________1970,
the
Day
now
includes
events
in
more
than
190
countries
and
regions
(地区).
5.
(2018·江苏)
China’s
soft
power
grows
in
line
________
the
increasing
appreciation
and
understanding
of
China
globally.
II.精选典题介词专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6.
This
trend
was
started
by
the
medical
community
(医学界)
________
method
of
fighting
heart
disease.
7.
After
school
she
plans
to
take
a
year
off
to
model
full-time
before
going
to
university
to
get
a
degree________
engineering
or
architecture.
8.
It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
________
work.
9.
One
cup
of
coffee
________the
late
afternoon
or
evening
will
cause
them
to
stay
awake
almost
all
night.
10.
If
you
are
not
going
to
suffer
this
problem,
then
I
suggest
that
the
next
time
you
go
to
your
mum’s
home
________
dinner,
get
a
few
cooking
tips
from
her.
11.
But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
________
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid-1980s.
12.
________
its
high
altitudes,
long
periods
of
dry
weather
and
abundant
sunshine,
there
produces
fruits
with
extremely
high
sugar
content.
13.
Most
of
us
are
more
focused
________
our
tasks
in
the
morning
than
we
are
later
in
the
day.
14.
We
are
determined
that
our
training
should
keep
pace________
the
current
development
in
education.
15.
________
all
the
problems,
several
of
the
players
produced
excellent
performances.
III.精选典题介词专题对点训练·单句改错
16.
As
is
known
by
all,
illnesses
always
bring
pains
and
sufferings
to
humans,
but
doctors
can
help
us
get
rid
of
them.
17.
Most
of
us
students
like
to
study
in
the
library
partly
because
its
quiet
learning
environment
is
beneficial
with
our
study.
18.
When
I
look
at
this
picture
of
myself,
I
realize
of
how
fast
time
flies.
19.
I
want
my
cafe
to
have
a
special
theme
such
as
like
“Tang
Dynasty”.
20.
At
the
end
of
our
trip,
I
told
my
father
that
I
planned
to
return
for
every
two
years.
IV.精选典题介词专题对点训练·短文语法填空
In
the
chemistry
lab,because
21.__________
the
student's
carelessness,the
tube
cracked
and
the
liquid
in
it
caused
a
fire
on
the
table.Fortunately,he
put
it
out
22.
__________time
at
last.
In
fact,
it
is
common
to
have
some
small
accidents
caused
23.__________carelessness.I
used
to
enjoy
cooking,
so
I
always
sought
a
chance
to
cook.
However,the
desire
led
24.
__________an
accident.
Once
I
stayed
25.__________
home
alone.I
found
it
a
chance
to
cook.I
put
all
the
food
I
needed
26.__________a
pot.Then
I
had
to
wait
27.__________it
to
boil.In
order
to
kill
the
waiting
time,I
went
to
watch
TV.Only
in
a
few
minutes
was
I
fascinated
by
a
wonderful
programme.It
was
about
half
an
hour
later
that
I
remembered
my
food.I
turned
28.__________the
cooker
immediately
but
unfortunately
the
food
ran
over
29.__________the
pot,
I
was
blamed
and
had
to
clean
the
kitchen.So
we
should
pay
attention
30.__________everything
we
are
doing
to
avoid
accidents.