中考英语重点语法词法考点情态动词

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名称 中考英语重点语法词法考点情态动词
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中考英语重点语法词法考点十:情态动词
一.情态动词的用法
1. can 用法
1)表示能力,与be able to同义,但can只用于现在时和过去时,be able to可用于各种时态。
Two eyes can see more than one.
注:Can you … Yes, I can / No,I can’t.
2).表示允许、请求
用could比can 语气更加委婉客气,常用于could I /you ….. 句型中,若表示同意时,用can回答而不用could .
Could I borrow the book No, you can’t .
3)。表示推测 “可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。(can’t表示一定不是)
It can’t be true .
Can it be true
2. may 用法
1)表允许,请求= can
表示许可或征求对方的许可,常于第一人称连用。
注:May I …. Yes ,you may No, you can’t / mustn’t .
在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Yes, please. / Certainly.
2)表推测,可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。
Maybe he knows the news .=
He _____ _____ the news.
3. must
1)表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)。
We must do everything step by step.
注:Must I …. Yes, you must / No,you needn’t(don’t have to ).
--Must we hand in our exercise—books now
--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
2)mustn’t 表禁止、不允许。
You mustn’t talk to her like that.
3)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must改为can .
He must be ill. He looks so pale.
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
注:must表推测时,其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。
There must be something wrong ,____ ____
4.need的用法
need既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。
1).用作情态动词,用于否定句和疑问句中。
a).Need I …. Yes , you must / No, you needn’t .
Need we finish the work today Yes you __
A.need B.can C. may D.must
b).need + do sth . 变否定句:needn’t do sth
变疑问句:Need sb do sth
2).用作实义动词
a).need + to do sth . We need _______(buy) some school things .
变否定句:don’t /doesn’t /didn’t +need to do sth .
变疑问句:Do / Does /Did sb + need to sth
Yes , … do/ does / did No, sb don’t / doesn’t /didn’t .
You don’t need to do it yourself.
b).当主语是物时。Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done .
The table needs painting . =The table needs _____ _____ _____ .
5.had better 的用法
1). had better + 动词原形 = It’s best to do sth .
You had better ______ (stay )at home . = _____ ______ ______ stay at home .
2). Had better not +动词原形
We had better ________(not play ) the computer games .
6.must 与have to
1).一般情况下,两者可互换。 must = have to
2).must “必须,应该”表示说话人的主观看法,即说话人认为必须干某事。(内在原因)
have to “必须,不得不”强调客观需要,即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。(外界原因)
I can’t stop playing the computer games . For your health ,I’m afraid you ______.
A.can B.may C.must D.had to
二.情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法
1.情态动词后跟完成式,表“原本应该干某事,而实际上没干”
I should have finished the work earlier.
He isn’t here. He must have missed the train.
2. 情态动词后跟进行式,表示“想必正在……”,“可能正在……”,“应当正在”等意。
It’s twelve o’clock. They must be having lunch.
They may be discussing this problem.
He can’t be telling the truth.
She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s still so weak.
三.情态动词的同义转换.
1.can = be able to
2.must = have to
3.needn’t = don’t have to
4.need do sth = need to do sth .九年级英语语法-----情态动词
年中考英语情态动词用法讲解
  概念:
  情态动词是表示能力,义务,必须,猜测等说话人的语气或情态的动词。
  相关知识点精讲:
  一、can
  1.表能力
  can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。
  I can climb this pole.
  我能爬这根杆子。
  He is only four , but he can read.
  他只有4岁,但已认得字了。
  Fire can’t destroy gold.
  火烧不毁金子。
  因为can不能和其他助动词连用,所以表示将来式时用will be able to
  You will be able to skate after you have practiced it two or three times.
  你练习两三次后就会溜冰了。
  2.表可能性
  多用于否定与疑问结构中,但也可用在肯定句中。
  Can the news be true
  这消息可能是真的吗?
  It can’t be true.
  它不可能是真的。
  What can he possibly mean
  他可能是什么意思?
  can 用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性(一时的可能)。
  The road can be blocked.
  这条路可能会不通的。
  may 在肯定句中表示现实的可能性。
  The road may be blocked.
  这条路可能不通了。
  3.表示允许(和may意思相近)常见于口语。
  Can (May) I come in 我能进来吗?
  Can I smoke here 我可以在这里抽烟吗?
  二、could的用法
  1.表过去的可能和许可,(多用于间接引语中)
  At that time we thought the story could not be true.
  那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。
  Father said I could swim in the river.
  爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。
  2.表过去的能力
  I could swim when I was only six.
  我刚六岁就能游泳。
  Could在肯定句中表示过去的能力时,常表抽象的一般的能力。
  He could be very naughty when he was a child.
  他小时候会是很顽皮的。
  3.表“允许”。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法。
  I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer today.
  恐怕我今天不能回答你。
  The teacher said you could go to the store for sweets.
  老师说你可以去商店买糖。
  4.Could/can+have done 结构表示对过去发生的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”。
  could 加完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作。
  Can they have won the basketball match?
  他们赢了那场篮球赛吗?
  What you referred to just now can have made her very sad.
  你刚刚所谈到的可能令他很伤心。
  You could have completed the task a little earlier.
  你本来能早点完成任务的。(但事实上并没有提前完成任务)
  I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.
  我本可以轻易通过考试,但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。
  如表具体做某一件事的能力时,则须用 be able to .
  He was able to translate the article without a dictionary.
  他可以不用词典翻译那篇文章。
  Can表示一贯的能力 ,be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力
  I can’t swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practicing.
  The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out.
  When the boat sank he was able to swim to the bank.
  三、may 的用法
  1.表示请求、可以、允许。
  You may drive the tractor.
  你可以开那台拖拉机。
  2.当回答由may 引起的问题时,否定答语要用must not,表示“不许可”、“不应该”、“不行”。
  May I come in
  Yes, you may.
  No,you can’t
  No, you may not .
  No ,you mustn’t
  No ,you’d better not.
  3.may /might 推测性用法 可能
  He may be right.
  He may not come today (可能不)
  He may /might come tomorrow.
  注意:
  (1)只用于肯定和否定句中,不用于疑问句中。
  (2)might 比may可能性更小。
  He might get a job.
  He may get a job.
  (3)may no 可能不 can not不可能
  He may not come
  He can’t come
  (3)表建议(可和as well 连用)
  You may(might)as well stay where you are.
  你还是原地待着好。(may as well 有“还是……的好”的含义)
  (4)表祝愿
  May you be happy!
  4.might
  (1)表过去的“可能”和“允许”多用于间接引语。
  She said that he might take her dictionary.
  她说他可以拿她的词典去用。
  除在间接引语中外,might一般不表示过去的“可能”与“许可”。表过去的“可能”可用could,表过去的“许可”可用were (was) allowed to。
  (2)表现在的“可能”,其可能性要比may小。
  Electric irons could be dangerous; they might give you a severe shock.
  电熨斗会有危险,它可能电着人。
  (3)may (might) + have +done 表示对过去发生行为的推测,含有“想必”、“也许是”的意思。
  It may have been true.
  这事也许是真的。
  He might not have settled the question.
  他可能尚未解决那个问题。
  四、must 的主要用法。
  1.表示必须、必要
  We must do everything step by step .
  我们必须按部就班地做一切事情。
  Why must you always bother me
  为什么你偏要打扰我呢。
  2.must be + 表语的结构,通常表示猜测,含有“一定”之意。(只用在肯定句中)
  He must be an honest boy.
  他一定是个诚实的男孩。
  This must be your room.
  这一定是你的房间。
  3.must 的否定式有两个:当回答由must引起的问题时,否定答复要用needn’t或don’t have to 表示“不必”、“无须”、“用不着”、“不一定”的意义。当表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”时,就用must not。
  Must I go tomorrow
  明天我必须去吗?
  Yes, please.
  是的,请吧!
  No , you needn’t.
  不,你不必去。
  4.must +have +过去分词的结构,常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生行为的推测,含有“一定”、“准是”的意思。否定和疑问句用can。
  She must have studied English before.她以前一定学过英语。
  五、have to的含义与must是很接近的,只是have to 比较强调客观需要,must着重说明主观看法。
  I must clean the room.(主观想法)
  I have to clean the room.(客观需要)
  另外,have to 能用于更多时态:
  We had to be there at ten .
  我们得在十点钟到那里。
  We will have to reconsider the whole thing.
  这一切我们将不得不重新加以考虑。
  have to 的否定式:don’t have to do 表示“不必做……”之意。
  六、ought to 的用法
  Ought to 后接动词原形,表义务,但不及must 那样具有信心。
  You don’t look well. You ought to go to see the doctor.
  你气色不好,应该去看病。
  Ought to 用于否定句,其否定形式可缩略为oughtn’t 。
  You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。
  也可以用于疑问句:
  Ought you to smoke so much
  你应该抽这样多烟吗?
  Ought to 在间接引语中表过去时形式不变,如:
  He said you ought to tell the police.
  他说你应该去报告警察。
  七、shall的用法
  1.用于第一人称征求对方的意见,如:
  What shall I wear on the journey
  我路上穿什么好呢?
  Shall we dance
  我们跳舞好吗?
  2.shall 用于第二、三人称时表允诺,警告,命令,威胁(现已少见),如:
  She shall get her share.
  她可以得到她的一份。
  You shall have it back tomorrow.
  你明天可以将它拿回。
  3.情态动词should一般不应被认为是情态动词shall的过去式,主要用法有:
  (1)用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿,但语气较委婉温和,如:
  What should we do now
  我们现在该怎么办?
  (2)表示应该、必须,常与must 换用。例如:
  We should (must) master a foreign language at least.
  我们应当至少掌握一门外语。
  (3)“should+be+表语”的结构,表示推测或惊奇。例如:
  They should be back by now.
  他们现在应该回来了吧。
  I am sorry that she should be so careless.
  我感到遗憾她竟会那样粗心。
  (4) “should+have+过去分词”的结构,表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作或行为;其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为。其同义结构“ought to have +过去分词”,表示过去“早应该”、“本当”之意,语气较强。例如:
  I should have thought of that.
  这一点我是应当想到的。(但没想到)
  They should not have left so soon.
  他们不应当走得这么早。(但已走了)
  (5)在“It is natural (strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……”句型中,主语从句中的谓语动词要用should +动词原形”表示“理所当然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等的意思。在lest(以免)、for fear (that) (以防)、in case(以备万一)等之后也要用should+动词原形;在advise, sugest, order, demand, request 等的从句中should+do”例如:
  It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once.
  有必要马上派他到那里去。
  It is strange that he should say so.
  他会说这样的话真是奇怪。
  Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train.
  我们马上走吧,以免赶不上火车。
  八、will和would的用法
  1.表示意志,决心或愿望。
  例如:
  Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.
  我们一定要支持全世界人民争取和平的斗争。
  He would not let me try it .  
  他不肯让我去试。
  2.will表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性,would表示过去的习惯行为。
  He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
  他会经常一连几个小时坐在那儿观看来往的车辆。
  He would come to see me when he was in Beijing.
  他在北京时,常来看望我。
  3.用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中,表示对对方的请求,would的语气比will委婉
  Would/will you kindly tell me the way to the station
  请问到火车站怎么走?
  4.表可能性
  This will be the book you are looking for.
  这可能就是你要找的书。
  She would be about 60 when she died.
  她死时大概60岁。
PAGE
5初中英语语法之------情态动词
21.1 情态动词的语法特征
 1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
 2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
 3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
 4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
 21.2 比较can 和be able to
1)can could 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
 They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2)只用be able to
  a. 位于助动词后。
  b. 情态动词后。
  c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
  d. 用于句首表示条件。
  e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to, 不能用could。
   He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
注意:could不表示时态
1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
   --- Could I have the television on
   --- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
     He couldn't be a bad man.   他不大可能是坏人。
21.3 比较may和might
1) 表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
    May God bless you!
    He might be at home.
注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2) 成语: may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。
    If that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例题 Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
  A. must  B. may  C. can  D. will
 答案B. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可从后半句推出。
21.4 比较have to和must
1) 两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。
  My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
  He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)
2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3) 在否定结构中: don't have to  表示"不必"
          mustn't    表示"禁止",
   You don't have to tell him about it.  你不一定要把此事告诉他。
   You mustn't tell him about it.    你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
21.5 must表示推测
1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为"一定"。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时, must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
   You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.  你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)
   He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
 比较:
    He must be staying there.  他现在肯定呆在那里。
    He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。
 3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。
   I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。
 4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
  ---Why didn't you answer my phone call
  ---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
 5) 否定推测用can't。
 If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。
21.6 表示推测的用法
 can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:
1)情态动词+动词原形。
  表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。
  I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。
  表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
  At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3)情态动词+动词完成时。
  表示对过去情况的推测。
 We would have finished this work by the end of next December. 明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
 The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
  表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
  Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
  Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
 注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。
21.7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
  Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
  Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有"肯定","谅必"的意思。
 ---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
 ---She must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
  本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
  You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
  He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)
  ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn't have done sth  本没必要做某事
  I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth  本打算做某事 
  I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
21.8 should 和ought to
  should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思,可用于各种人称。
  ---Ought he to go
  ---Yes. I think he ought to.
  表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。
21.9 had better表示"最好"
  had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。
  had better do sth
  had better not do sth
  It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.
  She'd better not play with the dog.
  had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为"本来最好"。
  You had better have come earlier.
21.10 would rather表示"宁愿"
 would rather do
 would rather not do
 would rather… than…  宁愿……而不愿。
 还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。
 If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
 I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.
典型例题 ----Shall we go skating or stay at home
----Which ___ do      
A. do you rather  B. would you rather  C. will you rather  D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法,would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿",本题为疑问句,would 提前,选B。
21.11 will和would
 注意: 1)would like; Would like to do = want to 想要,为固定搭配。
   Would you like to go with me
 2)Will you…  Would you like… 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
   Would you like some cake
 3)否定结构中用will,一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
   Won't you sit down
21.12 情态动词的回答方式
   问句   肯定回答    否定回答
Need you…   Yes, I must.   No,I needn't
Must you…            /don't have to.
典型例题 1)---Could I borrow your dictionary
  ---Yes, of course, you____. 
  A. might B. will  C. can  D. should
  答案C.could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表达,不能用could或might。复习: will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用,用来提出劝告。
2)---Shall I tell John about it
  ---No, you ___. I've told him already.  
  A. needn't  B. wouldn't  C. mustn't  D. shouldn't
  答案A。needn't 不必,不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用needn't。
3)---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
  ---______.
  A. I don't  B. I won't  C. I can't D. I haven't
答案B.will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心",本题表示决心,选B。
21.13 带to 的情态动词
  带to 的情态动词有四个:ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to,为六个。它们的疑问,否定形式应予以注意:
  Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month
  She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
  You ought not to have told her all about it.
  Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.
  ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用,变疑问,否定时,须有do 等助动词协助。
典型例题
 Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm. 
 A.have told B.tell C.be telling D. having told
 答案A。由于后句为过去时,告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因,此地应用过去完成时,但它在情态动词 ought to 后,所以用have。
21.14 比较need和dare
  这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1) 实义动词: need (需要, 要求)
        need + n. / to do sth
2) 情态动词: need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not。
  Need you go yet
  Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.
3) need 的被动含义:need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动: 
  need doing = need to be done
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