Unit
3 Sea
Exploration
Learning
About
Language
语法精讲·素养提升
不定式(The
infinitive)
观察上面句子,
并说出画线部分的作用
①不定式作后置定语。
②不定式作目的状语。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志,
没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,
又有动词的特点,
可以有自己的宾语和状语,
构成动词不定式短语。
一、动词不定式的时态与语态
主动语态
被动语态
意义
一般时
to
do
to
be
done
表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
完成时
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
进行时
to
be
doing
表示谓语动作发生时,
不定式的动作正在进行
完成进行时
to
have
been
doing
表示其动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前并且一直在进行
I
plan
to
attend
the
meeting
to
be
held
tomorrow.
我打算参加明天举行的会议。(attend的动作在plan之后发生,
且meeting与hold之间为被动关系)
They
are
said
to
be
studying
psychology.
据说他们正在研究心理学。(be
said与study同时发生)
I’m
very
sorry
to
have
kept
you
sitting
around
doing
nothing.
让你一直无所事事闲坐着我很抱歉。(keep发生在be
sorry之前)
No
harm
seems
to
have
been
done.
似乎并没有什么危害发生。(do发生在seem之前,
且harm与do之间是被动关系)
She
is
known
to
have
been
dealing
with
the
problems
for
many
years.
大家知道她处理这类难题已经有很多年了。
【名师点津】不定式的“被动”与“否定”
(1)不定式的被动式表示其逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者。
It’s
a
great
honour
to
be
invited
to
Mary’s
birthday
party.
被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会是一件非常荣幸的事情。
(2)不定式的否定式通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前,
即构成not
to
do
或never
to
do
这样的形式。
They
took
a
vote
and
decided
not
to
do
it.
他们进行了表决,
决定放弃。
How
many
times
has
your
mother
told
you
never
to
talk
to
strangers?
你母亲告诉你多少次了,
绝不能和陌生人谈话?
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)The
world
will
be
different,
and
we
will
have
to
be
prepared(prepare)to
adapt
to
the
change.
?
(2)She
pretended
to
be
sleeping
(sleep)when
her
mother
came
in.
?
(3)He
is
said
to
have
been
working
(work)in
this
factory
for
more
than
twenty
years.
?
二、动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式可以用来作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语,
表示比较具体的意义。
1.
不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语多表示将来特定的某一次动作。
To
blame
the
worker
will
not
make
up
for
the
loss.
责备那个工人弥补不了损失。
(2018·天津高考)It
took
him
a
long
time
to
acquire
the
skills
he
needed
to
become
a
good
dancer.
他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀舞者所需的技能。
①不定式短语作主语时,
为了保持句子平衡,
往往用it作形式主语,
而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。
②若要说明不定式的动作的执行者,
可以在不定式前面加上“for/of+n.
/pron.
”结构。当形容词表达事物的特征时用for
sb.
;
当形容词表达人所具有的特征或品质时用of
sb.
,
这样的形容词有careful,
cruel,
foolish,
brave,
good,
honest,
kind,
rude,
polite,
nice,
stupid,
wise,
wrong等。
It
is
generous
of
him
to
contribute
so
much.
他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It
is
important
for
us
to
live
a
low-carbon
life.
过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)It
is
common
to
find
(find)
this
type
of
poetry,
calligraphy
art,
hanging
in
people’s
homes.
?
(2)If
you
live
in
a
cold
climate,
it
will
be
important
to
know
(know)
your
dog’s
limits
and
how
you
can
keep
it
safe
and
warm.
?
(3)It
is
an
honor
for
me
to
be
invited
(invite)
to
attend
the
meeting.
?
2.
不定式作表语
不定式作表语主要有三种情况,
一是用于seem,
appear,
prove,
turn
out等连系动词之后的不定式(尤其是to
be);
二是像My
job
is
to
sweep
the
floor.
(我的工作就是擦地板。)这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形;
三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。
He
seems
to
be
ill.
他似乎生病了。
Her
wish
is
to
be
a
teacher.
她的愿望就是当一名教师。
We
are
to
meet
at
the
station
at
three.
我们约定3点钟在车站见面。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)It
is
important
to
remember
when
you’re
trying
to
get
along
with
people
who
are
very
difficult
or
seem
to
be
ignoring
(ignore)
you,
everyone
is
just
doing
the
best
that
they
can.
?
(2)He
is
children’s
books
editor,
whose
job
is
to
sort
(sort)through
thousands
of
new
titles
published
each
year
and
select
the
very
best
ones
in
The
Times.
?
(3)The
goal
of
this
activity
is
to
meet
(meet)
the
needs
of
common
people.
?
3.
不定式作宾语
(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,
请牢记下面的口诀:
决心学会想希望,
拒绝设法愿假装
decide/determine,
learn,
want,
expect/hope/wish;
refuse,
manage,
care,
pretend
主动答应选计划,
同意请求帮一帮
offer,
promise,
choose,
plan;
agree,
ask/beg,
help
We
agreed
to
meet
at
the
school
gate.
我们一致同意在校门口见面。
(2)在某些动词如find,
think,
consider,
feel,
make,
believe后,
常用it作形式宾语,
然后加宾语补足语,
最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We
think
it
our
duty
to
protect
the
environment.
我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He
pretended
to
be
reading
(read)
the
text
when
I
came
in.
?
(2)I
heard
a
passenger
behind
me
shouting
to
the
driver,
but
he
refused
to
stop
(stop)
until
we
reached
the
next
stop.
?
(3)I
think
it
necessary
to
send
(send)
for
an
expert.
?
(4)But
Sarah,
who
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models,
wants
to
prove
(prove)
that
she
has
brains
as
well
as
beauty.
?
4.
不定式作宾语补足语
(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语,
如ask,
want,
invite,
get,
force,
expect,
allow,
persuade,
order,
warn,
remind,
prefer,
cause,
permit,
forbid,
advise,
teach等。
Father
will
not
allow
us
to
play
in
the
street.
父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,
表示动作的全过程。一感
(feel),
二听(hear,
listen
to),
三使(let,
have,
make),
五看
(see,
notice,
observe,
watch,
look
at),
半帮助
(help),
动词不定式作help宾语补足语时,
既可带to,
也可不带to。
Nobody
saw
him
come
in.
(主动语态)
没人看见他进来。
以上单词,
当其所在句子改为被动句时,
动词不定式符号“to”必须保留。例如:
The
thief
was
observed
to
enter
the
bank.
(被动语态)
有人看见小偷进了银行。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)What
caused
him
to
change
(change)
his
mind?
?
(2)He
didn’t
allow
the
students
to
go
(go)
there.
?
(3)The
teacher
got
some
students
to
stay
(stay)
in
the
classroom
after
school.
?
(4)He
was
made
to
work
(work)
day
and
night.
?
5.
不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
I
wanted
to
come
to
your
birthday
party,
but
I
had
a
project
to
finish
then.
(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。
如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,
或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,
不定式后需要加相应的介词。
I
need
a
pen
to
write
with.
我需要一支钢笔写字。
【名师点津】如果被不定式修饰的名词为place,
time,
way等,
不定式后的介词习惯上可以省去。
(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,
all,
any等限定的中心词,
且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。
He
is
always
the
first
to
arrive
at
the
school
and
the
last
to
leave
the
school.
他总是第一个到校,
最后一个离校。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时,
常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有:
ability,
chance,
idea,
hope,
wish,
fact,
excuse,
promise,
attempt,
way等。
The
ability
to
express
an
idea
is
as
important
as
the
idea
itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
【名师点津】不定式作定语时,
若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者,
则用主动形式表被动含义;
若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者,
则用被动形式表被动含义。
She
has
a
sister
to
look
after.
她有一个妹妹要照顾。(she是look
after的执行者)
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)The
best
way
to
set
(set)
yourself
up
for
success
is
to
make
sure
that
your
goals
are
SMART:
specific,
measurable,
attainable,
relevant,
and
timely.
?
(2)We’re
having
a
meeting
in
half
an
hour.
The
decision
to
be
made
(make)
at
the
meeting
will
influence
the
future
of
our
company.
?
(3)Birds’
singing
is
sometimes
a
warning
to
other
birds
to
stay
(stay)
away.
?
(4)Volunteering
gives
you
a
chance
to
change
(change)
lives,
including
your
own.
?
6.
不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。表示“为了”,
可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性,
不定式前也可加in
order或so
as,
但so
as
to不能置于句首。
To/In
order
to
increase
levels
of
community
service,
some
schools
have
launched
compulsory
volunteer
programs.
为了提高社区服务水平,
一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者服务计划。
(2)作结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果,
有时前面加only,
以加强语气。常用于下列结构中:
only
to
do 表示意想不到的结果
enough
to
do足够做……
too.
.
.
to
do太……而不能……
so/such.
.
.
as
to.
.
.
如此……以至于……
Tom
took
a
taxi
to
the
airport,
only
to
find
his
plane
high
up
in
the
sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场,
结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
He
is
old
enough
to
go
to
school.
他到上学的年龄了。
(3)作原因状语。表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时,
后可接不定式作原因状语,
用以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因,
常用于这类结构的形容词有sorry,
surprised,
disappointed,
excited,
glad,
happy,
anxious,
delighted,
pleased,
foolish等。
Maggie
was
glad
to
be
home
in
her
own
bed.
玛吉回到家躺在自己的床上,
觉得非常高兴。
I’m
delighted
to
hear
that
you
are
keen
on
Chinese
traditional
culture.
我很高兴听到你喜欢中国传统文化。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)To
liberate
(liberate)
our
country,
they
devoted
their
lives.
?
(2)To
learn
(learn)
more
about
Chinese
culture,
Jack
has
decided
to
take
Chinese
folk
music
as
an
elective
course.
?
(3)Mary
rushed
home
immediately
she
heard
the
news,
only
to
find
(find)
that
her
husband
was
gone.
?
(4)You
will
never
know
how
happy
I
was
to
see
(see)
her
yesterday.
?
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
I
encourage
readers
to
go
to
their
local
library
when
they
can’t
afford
to
purchase
(purchase)
a
book.
?
2.
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)A
housewarming
party
is
a
special
party
to
be
held
(hold)
when
someone
buys
or
moves
into
a
new
apartment
or
house.
?
3.
(2020·江苏高考)
There
will
still
be
lots
of
challenges
if
we
are
to
classify
(classify)
garbage
in
a
short
time.
?
4.
(2020·天津高考)To
help
(help)
us
prepare
for
the
exam,
the
teacher
suggested
reading
through
our
notes.
?
5.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
It
takes
sunscreen
about
fifteen
minutes
to
start
working,
and
that’s
plenty
of
time
for
your
skin
to
absorb
(absorb)
a
day’s
worth
of
Vitamin
D.
?
6.
It’s
everyone’s
responsibility
to
make
(make)
good
use
of
water,
such
as
recycling
and
saving
water
in
our
daily
life.
?
7.
If
successful,
Wen
Xu,
32,
will
be
the
first
person
to
cross
(cross)Antarctica
alone
from
the
shore
Berkner
Island,
according
to
the
event
organizer.
?
8.
They
have
been
in
the
room
listening
to
explanations
when
things
seem
to
have
gone
(go)
wrong.
?
9.
Jack
was
in
low
spirits
those
days
and
his
friends
did
all
they
could
to
cheer
(cheer)
him
up.
?
10.
I
was
watching
the
clock
all
through
the
meeting,
as
I
had
a
train
to
catch
(catch).
?
Ⅱ.
用不定式完成句子
1.
Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang’e-4
to
find
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole
Aitken
basin.
?
中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。
2.
I
didn’t
mean
to
eat
anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn’t
help
trying
it.
?
我当时什么都不想吃,
但是那个冰激凌看上去太诱人了以至于我禁不住品尝了它。
3.
The
best
way
to
solve
the
problem
is
to
depend
on
yourself.
?
解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。
4.
During
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival,
family
members
often
gather
together
to
share
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes.
?
过中秋节的时候,
家人们通常会团聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。
5.
It
is
a
great
pleasure
for
me
to
have
been
working
with
you
these
days.
?
我很高兴这段时间和你一起共事。
6.
I
have
a
lot
of
readings
to
complete
before
the
end
of
this
term.
?
这个学期结束前,
我要做很多阅读练习。
7.
Helen
borrowed
my
book
the
other
day,
promising
to
return
it
soon.
?
海伦在几天前借了我的书,
答应我会马上还给我。
8.
Although
parents
seem
to
be
giving
good
advice
to
their
sons
and
daughters,
their
kids
have
marked
them
poorly
on
being
good
role
models
when
it
comes
to
dealing
with
life’s
difficulties.
?
尽管父母似乎给他们的儿子和女儿们提供了很好的建议,
但他们的孩子们在处理生活中遇到的困难时,
却很难成为好的榜样。
9.
Police
are
urging
anyone
who
saw
the
accident
to
contact
them
immediately.
?
警方敦促任何看到事故的人立即与他们联系。
10.
The
queen
bee
appears
to
be
nursed
well
in
the
comb
built
by
the
diligent
worker
bees.
?
蜂王似乎在勤劳的工蜂建造的蜂巢里得到了很好的护理。
使用本单元所学的语法知识补全下面语段
The
scientists
1.
decided
to
explore(决定探索)
the
deep
ocean
in
order
to
find
out
what
exists
at
the
floor
of
the
sea.
Their
first
step
2.
to
carry
out
the
plan(实施这项计划)
is
3.
to
send
a
deepwater
machine(派一台深水机器)
designed
specially
for
the
research.
4.
The
machine
to
be
controlled
remotely
by
scientists(由科学家们远程控制的机器)
at
the
surface
of
the
sea
is
in
a
shape
of
an
egg.
They
will
watch
the
machine
5.
dive
deep
into
the
sea(潜入大海深处).
6.
To
conduct
such
a
research(进行这样的研究)
is
a
long
project
that
scientists
have
prepared
for
several
months.
?
课时素养评价
八 Unit
3 Learning
About
Language
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
So
it
can
help
reduce
the
tiredness
out
of
the
immune
system
and
allow
people
to
feel
(feel)more
energetic.
?
2.
It
took
Janet
three
hours
to
finish
(finish)
reading
this
interesting
story.
?
3.
She
pretended
to
be
listening
(listen)
to
the
manager,
but
actually
she
was
thinking
about
something
else.
?
4.
In
many
homes
in
the
UK,
the
first
person
to
wake
(wake)
up
has
to
make
tea
for
the
family.
?
5.
Don’t
try
to
hide
anything
from
your
mother.
She
appears
to
have
been
told
(tell)
everything.
?
6.
To
be
admitted
(admit)
to
a
university
in
the
UK,
international
students
must
display
a
strong
ability
in
spoken
and
written
English.
?
7.
The
new
phone
is
very
easy
to
operate
(operate).
Anybody
can
learn
to
use
it
in
a
few
minutes.
?
8.
Tom
asked
the
candy
makers
if
they
could
make
the
chocolate
easier
to
break
(break)
into
small
pieces.
?
9.
It
can
be
disheartening
to
spend
a
lot
of
time
preparing
a
meal
only
to
find
(find)
your
kids
turning
their
nose
up
at
it.
?
10.
Many
airlines
now
allow
passengers
to
print
their
boarding
passes
online
to
save
(save)
their
valuable
time.
?
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1.
To
make
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us/To
get
in
touch
with
us
more
easily,
you’d
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
?
为了更容易与我们取得联系,
你最好把这张卡片放在手边。
2.
I
remember
I
told
my
mom
more
than
once
that
I
hoped
to
pursue
an
acting
career
in
the
future.
?
我记得我不止一次告诉我妈妈我希望将来追求演艺事业。
3.
The
old
man
sits
in
front
of
the
television
every
evening,
happy
to
watch
anything
that
happened
to
be
on.
?
老人每天晚上坐在电视机前,
高兴地看电视上碰巧播放的任何内容。
4.
The
airport
to
be
completed
next
year
will
help
promote
tourism
in
this
area.
?
明年竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区的旅游业发展。
5.
I
will
be
surprised
if
you
can
get
Calvin,
who
is
a
close-fisted
man,
to
buy
these
donation
draw
tickets
from
you.
?
如果你能让加尔文,
一个吝啬的男人,
从你那里买这些捐款抽奖票,
我会很惊讶。
6.
He
has
a
heart
trouble
and
the
doctor
finds
it
difficult
to
treat.
?
他有心脏病,
医生发现很难治疗。
7.
To
enjoy
the
convenience
of
digital
payment,
many
senior
citizens
started
to
use
smart
phones.
?
为了享受数字支付的方便,
很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。
8.
The
man
opened
his
eyes,
only
to
find
himself
left
alone
in
the
room.
?
那人睁开眼睛,
却发现房间里只剩下他一个人。
9.
They
lived
a
hard
life
and
were
often
made
to
work
for
over
10
hours
a
day.
?
他们生活很艰苦,
经常被迫在一天内工作十个多小时。
10.
I
wanted
to
travel
to
America
instead
of
France,
but
he
persuaded
me
not
to
change
my
mind.
?
我想要去美国旅行,
代替之前的法国,
但是他劝我不要改变我的主意。
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
Say
the
phrase
“female
environmental
pioneers,
”
and
among
the
names
you
will
hear
Rachel
Carson,
who
wrote
about
pesticides;
chimpanzee
expert
Jane
Goodall;
and
17-year-old
climate-change
activist
Greta
Thunberg.
To
mark
Women’s
History
Month,
Kidspost
is
sharing
the
story
of
an
environmental
pioneer
who
is
not
that
famous
but
equally
remarkable.
At
age
3,
Sylvia
Earle
found
her
lifelong
passion
while
playing
on
a
beach.
A
wave
suddenly
came
up
and
knocked
her
over.
“My
mother.
.
.
saw
the
big
smile
on
my
face
and
let
me
run
back
in,
”
Earle
told
a
TV
interviewer
years
later.
“And
I’ve
been
running
back
in
ever
since.
”
Earle
is
now
84
years
old
and
has
spent
a
lifetime
exploring
the
world’s
oceans
and
working
to
protect
them
from
pollution,
overfishing
and
other
threats.
She
is
a
pioneer
in
using
scuba
gear.
Scuba
gear
lets
divers
take
breath
underwater.
She
holds
the
world
record
for
the
deepest
untethered
walk
on
the
ocean
floor
at
1,
250
feet.
This
means
she
was
not
tied
to
anything
when
she
was
walking
underwater.
During
this
exploration,
she
planted
a
U.
S.
flag.
In
1998,
Time
magazine
gave
Earle
its
first
Heroes
for
the
Planet
award.
She
was
the
first
female
chief
scientist
at
the
National
Oceanic
and
Atmospheric
Administration
(NOAA).
It
is
the
U.
S.
ocean
and
atmosphere
group.
She
was
also
elected
to
the
National
Women’s
Hall
of
Fame.
Earle
has
spent
her
life
teaching
people
about
the
ocean.
She
notes
how
much
it
affects
the
weather,
and
what
we
eat
and
drink.
She
has
something
to
say
to
those
who
don’t
understand
why
the
ocean
matters.
“They
should
know
that
with
every
breath
they
take,
every
drop
of
water
they
drink,
the
ocean
is
touching
them,
”
Earle
says.
“You
should
treat
the
ocean
as
if
your
life
depends
on
it—
because
it
does.
”
【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一位一生都致力于探索海洋保护海洋的女性环保先锋—Sylvia
Earle,
三岁时就发现了自己对于海洋的热爱,
并在保护海洋方面做出了杰出贡献和成就。1998年,
《时代》杂志给了Earle第一个行星英雄奖。她是美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的第一位女性首席科学家。她还入选了全国妇女名人堂。同时,
她提出了海洋对于人类的重要性。
1.
What
does
Earle’s
lifelong
passion
refer
to?
A.
Teaching
people
how
to
dive.
B.
Writing
articles
for
magazines.
C.
Exploring
and
protecting
oceans.
D.
Providing
equipment
for
divers.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。第四段内容“Earle
is
now
84
years
old.
.
.
overfishing
and
other
threats”可知,
已有84岁的她一生致力于探索海洋,
保护海洋。因此可知,
她酷爱的是探索和保护海洋。故选C项。
2.
What
do
we
know
about
Earle
from
the
text?
A.
Earle
is
a
world
record
holder.
B.
Earle’s
mother
is
in
support
of
her
work.
C.
Earle
is
a
remarkable
British
ocean
explorer.
D.
Earle
is
the
only
female
chief
scientist
at
NOAA.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“She
holds
the
world
record
for
the
deepest
untethered
walk
on
the
ocean
floor
at
1,
250
feet.
”可知,
她还保持着在1250英尺深的海底自由行走的世界纪录。故选A项。
3.
Which
of
the
following
words
can
best
describe
Earle?
A.
Brave
and
conservative.
B.
Devoted
and
courageous.
C.
Determined
and
rigid.
D.
Ambitious
and
modest.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第四段和第五段中的“Earle
is
now
84
years
old
.
.
.
when
she
was
walking
underwater.
可知,
她一生都致力于海洋探索和海洋保护,
是一个有献身精神的人;
同时,
无束缚的情况之下在水下1250英尺深的海底自由行走,
说明她是一个勇敢的人。故选B项。
4.
Which
of
the
following
statements
will
Earle
agree
with
according
to
the
text?
A.
People
should
stop
overfishing
and
eating
seafood.
B.
The
ocean
plays
a
significant
role
in
human’s
life.
C.
The
weather
has
a
far-reaching
effect
on
the
ocean.
D.
The
exploration
of
the
ocean
can
be
done
without
limit.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容:
She
has
something
to
say
to.
.
.
because
it
does.
”可知,
她认为海洋对于人类来说是很重要的。故选B项。
Ⅱ.
语法填空
Several
thousand
years
ago,
the
silk
trade
first
reached
Europe
via
the
Silk
Road,
1.
brought
with
it
not
only
excellent
silk
clothes
and
decorative
items,
but
also
the
ancient
culture
of
the
Far
East.
From
then
on,
silk
2.
(regard)
as
the
symbol
of
Eastern
civilization.
?
According
to
3.
ancient
Chinese
legend,
it
was
the
Yellow
Emperor
4.
ordered
the
fibers
woven
into
cloth
and
made
into
silk
clothes,
which
were
5.
(extreme)
soft
and
comfortable.
Later
generations
worshiped
the
Yellow
Emperor
6.
the
God
of
Weaving.
?
China
is
the
birthplace
of
sericulture
(养蚕).
Sericulture,
including
planting
mulberry
trees,
raising
silk
worms
and
7.
(produce)
silk
fabric,
has
been
an
essential
form
of
labor
in
China
for
8.
(century).
The
Chinese
ancestors
had
invented
flat-weaving
and
figured-weaving
techniques,
and
colored
cloth
using
natural
vermilion
(朱红)
dye.
?
With
the
9.
(improve)
in
loom
construction
and
printing
and
dying
methods,
more
varieties
of
silk
were
developed.
China
possessed
the
most
10.
(advance)
silk
dying
and
weaving
techniques
of
the
ancient
world.
?
【文章大意】本文为说明文。几千年前,
丝绸贸易第一次通过丝绸之路到达欧洲,
不仅给西方带去了美丽的丝绸服装和装饰用品,
而且带去了古老的东方文化,
丝绸被视为东方文明的象征。中国人民的祖先发明了平纹织和提花织技术,
中国拥有古代世界上最先进的丝绸染织技术。
1.
【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子可知,
本句是定语从句。空格处在句中指代前面的句子,
此时要用关系词which,
故本空填which。
2.
【解析】was
regarded。考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子可知,
本句中缺少谓语动词,
其中的主语silk与谓语动词是被动关系,
根据语境可知本句用一般过去时,
故空格处用一般过去时的被动语态,
故填was
regarded。
3.
【解析】an。考查冠词。分析句子可知,
空格处在句中表示数量“一”,
因为ancient
是以元音音素开头的,
要用不定冠词an,
故填an。
4.
【解析】that
/who。考查强调句。分析句子可知,
本句是强调句。被强调部分为the
Yellow
Emperor,
指人。故填that
/who。
5.
【解析】extremely。考查副词。空格处在句中修饰形容词soft和comfortable,
修饰形容词一般用副词形式,
故填extremely。
6.
【解析】as。考查介词。分析句子及语境可知,
空格在句中意为“作为”,
因此,
用介词as。故填as。
7.
【解析】producing。考查动名词作宾语。空格处在句中作介词including的宾语,
要用动词的-ing形式,
故填producing。
8.
【解析】centuries。考查名词复数。分析句意可知,
此处是指几个世纪,
要用名词的复数形式,
故填centuries。
9.
【解析】improvement。考查名词作宾语。空格处在句中作介词with的宾语,
一般名词作宾语,
故填名词improvement。
10.
【解析】advanced。考查词性转换。空格处在句中作定语,
修饰名词silk
dying和weaving
techniques。根据语境可知,
此处是指最先进的,
即形容词advanced。故填advanced。
Ⅲ.
完形填空
Hansen
and
his
10-year-old
son
Chase
search
the
streets
of
Salt
Lake
City
every
weekend
for
the
homeless
to
take
to
lunch.
They
started
Project
Empathy(共情)four
years
ago
to
1
a
meal,
listen
to
their
stories
and
figured
out
how
they
could
2
help.
?
“Just
start
with
a
smile,
a
hello.
It
really
just
starts
with
that.
If
you
do
it,
you
can
make
a
connection.
A
small
gesture
can
have
a
3
impact
on
others
less
fortunate,
”
Hansen
4
in
an
interview.
?
Some
of
these
shared
meals
have
turned
into
stronger
5 .
Ward,
a
homeless,
was
6
in
a
flat.
He
credited
the
Hansens
with
helping
him
7
the
difficult
process
of
moving
off
the
streets.
“It
is
great
to
have
friends
who
make
us
feel
8
and
I’m
impressed
with
the
pair,
”
Ward
said.
?
Father
and
son’s
9
have
developed
into
a
passion
project
that
10
faith
and
community
which
emphasizes
the
11
community
members
can
have
in
uplifting
the
homeless.
They
know
they
can’t
settle
the
homeless
12
alone.
They’re
hoping
empathy
will
13 .
?
“My
hope
for
the
future
is
to
14
more
connection
across
our
country.
We
could
and
we
will
succeed
15
we
have
other
people
join
in
and
help
the
homeless,
”
Chase
said.
?
【文章大意】文章主要讲述了Hansen父子成立“共情”项目帮助无家可归者的故事。Hansen认为我们一个小小的举动,
会给无家可归的人带来巨大影响。他们希望社区成员能够意识到自己可以帮助别人,
也希望“共情”项目可以变得流行,
这样就有更多的人加入来帮助无家可归者。
1.
A.
buy
B.
cook
C.
share
D.
eat
【解析】选C。根据下文的Some
of
these
shared
meals
have
turned
into
stronger
可知此处用“分享”符合语境,
share是原词复现,
故选C项。?
2.
A.
often
B.
further
C.
also
D.
even
【解析】选B。根据句意可知,
除了给那些无家可归的人分享食物和听他们讲述自己的事情外,
父子俩还要弄清如何为他们提供进一步(further)的帮助,
故选B项。
3.
A.
dramatic
B.
different
C.
minimum
D.
decisive
【解析】选A。根据下文的He
credited
the
Hansens
with
helping
him
the
difficult
process
of
moving
off
the
streets.
可知Hansen的行为让Ward有了巨大改变,
dramatic意思为“巨大的;
令人吃惊的”,
故选A项。?
4.
A.
remarked
B.
praised
C.
joked
D.
quoted
【解析】选A。根据空前的直接引语可知,
这是Hansen采访时说的一句话,
故用“说”符合语境,
remark意思为“说,
议论;
评论;
提议”。故选A项。
5.
A.
desires
B.
connections
C.
motivations
D.
opinions
【解析】选B。根据上文的If
you
do
it,
you
can
make
a
connection.
可知此处用“联系”符合语境,
connection是原词复现,
故选B项。
6.
A.
provided
B.
permitted
C.
abandoned
D.
housed
【解析】选D。结合下文the
difficult
process
of
moving
off
the
streets可知,
此处是指Hansen父子给Ward提供了一间平房用来居住,
house意为动词,
意为“给某人提供住宿。”故选D项。
7.
A.
through
B.
for
C.
despite
D.
to
【解析】选A。根据He
credited
the
Hansens
with
helping
him和the
difficult
process
of
moving
off
the
streets可知,
此处考查固定用法help
sb.
through“帮某人度过”,
故选A项。
8.
A.
surprised
B.
relaxed
C.
awesome
D.
calm
【解析】选C。结合上下文可知,
Hansen父子帮助无家可归的人,
和他们分享食物、给他们提供住所等,
这让他们感觉非常好,
awesome意为“很好的;
极佳的。”故选C项。
9.
A.
dreams
B.
influences
C.
experiences
D.
efforts
【解析】选D。结合Father
and
son’s
have
developed
into
a
passion
project可知,
此处是指父子俩帮助无家可归的人的努力,
影响了周围的人,
故选D项。?
10.
A.
assesses
B.
compares
C.
highlights
D.
respects
【解析】选C。根据下文的which
emphasizes
the
community
members
can
have
in
uplifting
the
homeless.
可知此处用“强调”符合语境,
highlight和emphasize是同义词复现,
故选C项。?
11.
A.
importance
B.
task
C.
chance
D.
role
【解析】选D。结合faith
and
community
which
emphasizes
the
community
members
can
have
in
uplifting
the
homeless.
可知,
此处是指社区的每个成员都可以帮助无家可归的人,
即每个人都可以充当帮助别人的角色(role),
故选D项。?
12.
A.
argument
B.
problem
C.
debt
D.
conflict
【解析】选B。根据They
know
they
can’t
settle
the
homeless
alone可知,
无家可归是一个社会问题,
他们自己不能解决这个社会问题,
故选B项。?
13.
A.
go
away
B.
catch
on
C.
fade
out
D.
give
off
【解析】选B。根据上文的They
know
they
can’t
settle
the
homeless
alone.
可推测,
他们希望“共情”这个项目可以变得流行,
这样可以让更多的人来帮助无家可归者,
catch
on
意为“变得流行”。故选B项。?
14.
A.
spread
B.
miss
C.
exchange
D.
maintain
【解析】选A。根据下文的across
our
country可知此处用“传播”符合语境,
spread意为“传播;
散步;
流传”。故选A项。
15.
A.
before
B.
if
C.
until
D.
so
【解析】选B。根据设空处前后意思可知,
此处用“如果”符合语境,
故选B项。
PAGEUnit
3 Sea
Exploration
Reading
and
Thinking
词汇积淀·素养初探
Ⅰ.
根据语境写出正确的单词
1.
a
fairy
tale
(故事)
2.
a
wine/grain
merchant
(商人;
批发商)
3.
extend
(扩展)
the
legs
of
the
folding
table
4.
negotiate
(商定)
a
contract
5.
a
fleet
(舰队)
of
20
sailing
ships
6.
behold
(看见)
a
tiny
figure
in
the
distance
7.
in
the
same
league
(等级;
水平)
8.
a
royal
(皇家的)
visit
9.
a
row
of
spice
(香料)
jars
10.
withdraw
(撤回)
her
application
11.
a
reliable
channel
(渠道)
of
information
12.
the
largest
maritime
(海的)
museum
of
its
kind
13.
the
bond
(纽带;
关系)
of
friendship
Ⅱ.
根据语境用恰当的介、副词填空
1.
I’ve
managed
to
negotiate
a
five
per
cent
pay
increase
with
my
boss.
2.
A
fleet
of
French
ships
was
sighted
in
the
North
Sea.
3.
The
ski
jump
was
out
of
his
league.
?
4.
Eleven
million
bottles
of
water
had
to
be
withdrawn
from
sale
due
to
a
health
scare.
5.
There
has
been
a
close
bond
between
them
ever
since
she
saved
him
from
drowning.
6.
They’ve
had
plenty
of
time
to
prepare,
so
the
arrangements
should
be
well
in
hand.
Ⅲ.
翻译下列课文原句,
并观察黑体部分
1.
To
complete
the
great
map
of
the
world
was
a
strong
passion
for
the
people
of
early
civilisations.
完成这幅伟大的世界地图对早期文明的人们来说是一种强烈的热情。
2.
In
ancient
times,
silk
from
China
found
its
way
overland
to
India,
the
Middle
East,
and
Rome,
along
what
became
known
as
the
Silk
Road.
在古代,
中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马,
这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
3.
Over
the
centuries,
further
trading
allowed
more
exploration
of
the
regions
to
the
west
of
China,
as
recorded
in
Du
Huan’s
Record
of
My
Travels
in
the
eighth
century.
几个世纪以来,
随着贸易的进一步发展,
中国西部地区得到了更多的探索,
正如杜欢在8世纪的《经行记》中所记载的那样。
4.
Although
China
withdrew
from
further
expeditions
after
1433,
these
land
and
sea
routes
remained
active
channels
between
other
cultures
for
centuries.
虽然中国在1433年后退出了进一步的探险,
但这些陆路和海路在几个世纪里仍然是其他文化之间活跃的通道。
5.
Hundreds
of
years
on,
and
with
the
latest
technology
in
hand,
the
need
to
trade
and
the
desire
to
enhance
relationships
will
drive
China
to
reach
out
across
the
sea
far
into
the
future.
几百年过去了,
在掌握了最新技术的情况下,
贸易的需要和增进关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋走向遥远的未来。
阅读精研·素养构建
Ⅰ.
文本整体理解:
理清文章架构
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
2.
What
is
the
text
type
of
the
passage?
A.
Narration.
(记叙文)
B.
Argumentative
essay.
(议论文)
C.
Expository
writing.
(说明文)
D.
Practical
writing.
(应用文)
答案:
A
Ⅱ.
文本细节理解:
探寻语篇细节信息
Choose
the
best
answer
1.
Where
did
people
meet
to
do
business?
A.
Ceylon.
B.
India.
C.
Rome.
D.
China.
2.
Which
word
can
be
used
to
describe
Zheng
He’s
fleet?
A.
Impressive.
B.
Worrisome.
C.
Aggressive.
D.
Fearful.
3.
Where
did
China
explore
with
other
countries?
A.
The
Red
Sea.
B.
The
Arctic.
C.
The
South
China
Sea.
D.
The
east
coast
of
Africa.
4.
Why
did
China
start
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative?
A.
To
begin
a
trading
route
on
the
ocean.
B.
To
make
business
with
neighboring
countries.
C.
To
spread
the
culture
of
China
to
other
countries.
D.
To
strengthen
the
relationship
between
China
and
other
countries.
答案:
1～4.
AABD
Ⅲ.
文本素养提升:
阅读技能综合运用
1.
根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
译文:
随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出,
郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
译文:
郑和的古代海路虽已被多次游历,
但仍有许多地方有待探索。
2.
根据课文内容填空
The
world
the
(1)Europeans
from
west
to
east
merchants
and
explorers
from
east
to
west
China
In
ancient
times
The
way
The
(2)route
The
(3)Silk
Road
by
land
from
China
to
India,
the
Middle
East,
and
Rome
A
(4)trading
route
across
the
sea
To
the
Indian
Ocean,
center
on
(5)Ceylon.
The
(6)Ming
Dynasty
Zheng
He
led
seven
large
fleets.
From
the
South
China
Sea
across
the
Indian
Ocean
to
the
mouth
of
(7)the
Red
Sea,
and
then
to
the
east
coast
of
Africa
Today
The
21st
Century
(8)Maritime
Silk
Road
Its
aim
To
strengthen
the
(9)bonds
To
encourage
cooperation
and
trade
Explore
other
places,
like
(10)the
Arctic
3.
阅读主题活动
(1)How
Did
Marco
Polo
change
the
world?
Marco
Polo
changed
the
world
by
writing
a
book
about
his
travels
from
Venice
to
the
court
of
Kublai
Khan
in
China.
His
account
of
his
journeys
inspired
other
adventurers,
such
as
the
explorer
Christopher
Columbus,
who
always
carried
a
copy
of
Polo’s
book.
Maps
he
brought
back
helped
to
develop
European
cartography,
and
he
introduced
Europe
to
Chinese
innovations
such
as
paper
money,
coal,
eyeglasses
and
a
postal
service.
?
(2)What
is
“Belt
and
Road
Initiative”?
China’s
“Belt
and
Road
Initiative”
(BRI)
is
a
planned
multitrillion-dollar
infrastructure
program
that
is
intended
to
link
China
with
more
than
100
countries
through
railroad,
shipping
and
energy
projects.
?
The
BRI
will
recreate
the
Silk
Road,
an
old
network
of
trading
routes
between
the
East
and
the
West,
by
investing
large
sums
of
money
into
other
countries
to
build
such
infrastructure
projects.
?
The
“belt”
will
consist
of
land
routes
connecting
economies
in
Asia,
Europe,
Africa
and
Europe.
The
“road”
—while
not
actually
a
road
—
will
connect
various
ocean
routes
through
these
areas.
?
(3)Why
and
how
do
scientists
study
the
Arctic?
Today,
scientists
study
the
Arctic
to
learn
more
about
how
climate
and
weather
are
changing.
They
investigate
how
Arctic
climate
and
weather
interact
with
the
rest
of
the
world,
and
are
working
to
understand
how
climate
change
will
affect
the
region.
To
study
the
Arctic,
researchers
sometimes
travel
to
the
field
to
conduct
experiments
or
make
observations.
They
study
the
properties
of
snow
and
sea
ice,
digging
snow
pits
to
examine
the
properties
of
snow,
or
measuring
the
thickness
of
sea
ice
by
hand
to
determine
how
the
ice
cover
is
changing.
Researchers
also
study
the
frozen
ground
and
permafrost
that
covers
much
of
the
Arctic
lands.
And
biologists
research
the
unique
plants
and
animals
that
live
in
the
Arctic.
?
要点精研·素养奠基
1.
set
sail起航;
开航
However,
merchants
and
explorers
from
the
East
set
sail
from
east
to
west
many
years
before
Columbus
first
did.
然而,
来自于东方的商人和探险家比哥伦布从东向西航行早了许多年。
A
committee
has
been
set
up
to
organize
social
events
in
the
college.
学院成立了一个委员会来组织社会活动。
She
set
out
with
the
aim
of
becoming
the
youngest
ever
winner
of
the
championship.
她怀着成为有史以来最年轻的冠军的目标出发了。
News
that
the
claims
might
be
true
set
off
widespread
panic.
这一说法可能属实的消息引发了广泛的恐慌。
How
do
senior
managers
set
about
making
these
decisions?
高级管理人员如何着手做出这些决定?
set
up
建立;
安装好;
设置;
引发;
产生
set
out
出发;
动身;
启航;
开始工作(to
do);
安排;
布置;
陈述;
阐明
set
off
动身;
出发;
引起;
爆炸
set
about
开始;
着手(+doing
sth.
)
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)They’ve
set
up
a
fund
for
victims
of
the
earthquake.
(2)They
set
out
to
discover
a
cure
for
cancer.
(3)The
global
financial
crisis
set
off
a
reduction
in
debt
and
of
excess
demand
in
overconsuming
countries.
(4)
On
arriving
there,
they
set
about
doing
the
experiment.
2.
extend
vt.
扩展;
使伸长;
延长
A
trading
route
across
the
sea
was
also
extended
along
the
coasts
of
the
Indian
Ocean,
centred
around
Ceylon
(now
Sri
Lanka).
在印度洋沿岸,
以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心,
开辟了一条跨海贸易路线。
The
meeting
extended
late
into
the
night.
会议继续到深夜。
High
unemployment
extends
over
the
whole
of
Britain.
高失业率遍及整个英国。
The
chapter
extends
to
a
hundred
pages.
这一章节长达100页。
extend
into
sth.
扩大或延长到……
extend
over
sth.
(使)持续,
延续
extend
to
sth.
(使)达到,
伸展到
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)The
ancient
Romans
extended
their
empire
into
Asia.
(2)The
examinations
extend
over
two
weeks.
(3)There
is
a
proposal
to
extend
the
road
to
the
next
village.
3.
negotiate
vt.
商定;
达成(协议)vi.
谈判;
磋商;
协商
Here,
merchants
from
China
and
many
other
places
met
to
negotiate
trade
deals,
which
also
led
to
more
awareness
of
each
other’s
cultures.
在这里,
来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起谈判贸易协议,
这也使人们更加了解彼此的文化。
The
delegates
have
just
arrived
to
negotiate
a
formal
agreement
with
us
on
the
boundary
affairs.
代表团刚到,
将与我们就边境事件进行谈判以签订正式协议。
We
finally
negotiated
them
into
making
concessions.
我们终于通过谈判使他们作出了让步。
The
two
sides
are
negotiating
about
it.
双方就此事正在交涉。
negotiate
about
(for)
sth.
就某事进行交涉
negotiate
sb.
/sth.
into
sth.
/v.
-ing
通过谈判使……进入/做某事
negotiate
with
sb.
与某人进行交涉(以达成协议)
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)The
two
countries
are
negotiating
for
a
peaceful
settlement.
(2)He
succeeded
in
negotiating
his
country
into
the
WTO.
(3)They
have
decided
to
negotiate
with
the
boss
about
their
wage
claims.
4.
league
n.
等级;
水平;
联合会;
联赛
These
fleets
were
a
sight
to
behold
and
were
in
a
league
of
their
own
at
that
time.
这些舰队蔚为壮观,
独领风骚。
He
was
so
complicated,
just
someone
way
out
of
her
league.
他是那么老于世故,
与她完全是两路人。
She
was
in
league
with
her
mother
to
embarrass
me.
她和她母亲联合起来叫我下不了台。
As
a
woodworker,
Bill
wishes
he
were
in
the
same
league
as
Carl,
who
is
a
master
carpenter.
作为一名木工,
比尔希望他能和卡尔水平相当,
成为像他一样的木匠大师。
in
a
different
league
另一类型的人(物)
in
league
with
和……联合,
和……勾结
in
the
same
league
同一档次(等级)
out
of
sb.
‘s
league
不是某一类人
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)They
are
not
in
the
same
league.
(2)He
is
a
bit
out
of
your
league.
(3)He
is
privately
in
league
with
some
bandits.
5.
withdraw
vi.
&
vt.
(withdrew,
withdrawn)(使)撤回;
撤离
Although
China
withdrew
from
further
expeditions
after
1433,
these
land
and
sea
routes
remained
active
channels
between
other
cultures
for
centuries.
虽然中国在1433年后退出了进一步的探险,
但这些陆路和海路在几个世纪里仍然是其他文化之间活跃的通道。
I
wish
to
withdraw
my
name
from
the
guest
list.
我希望把我的名字从客人名单上划掉。
They
have
withdrawn
to
a
safer
area.
他们已经撤退到更为安全的地带。
withdraw
from
sth.
从……提取
withdraw
to
sth.
退入;
撤退到
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)She
quickly
withdrew
her
hand
from
the
hot
iron.
(2)Internet
addicts
tend
to
withdraw
to
their
own
fantasy
world
rather
than
communicating
with
a
real
person.
6.
in
hand在手头;
可供使用
Hundreds
of
years
on,
and
with
the
latest
technology
in
hand,
the
need
to
trade
and
the
desire
to
enhance
relationships
will
drive
China
to
reach
out
across
the
sea
far
into
the
future.
几百年过去了,
在掌握了最新技术的情况下,
贸易的需要和增进关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋走向遥远的未来。
I
always
keep
a
dictionary
(ready)
at
hand.
我经常把词典放在手边。
The
letter
was
written
by
hand.
这封信是用手写的。
I
still
have
some
money
on
hand.
我手头还有些钱。
at
hand
在手边,
在近处;
即将到来
by
hand
用手工
on
hand
在手边(随时可用)
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)She
always
has
her
dictionary
on
hand
when
she
studies.
(2)My
shoes
were
made
by
hand.
(3)The
examinations
are
near
at
hand.
(4)I
still
have
some
money
in
hand.
1.
The
Tang
Shipwreck
is
from
a
merchant
boat
that
used
to
sail
between
China
and
the
Arab
world
states
located
in
the
maritime
Silk
Road
during
the
9th
century.
唐朝的沉船来自一艘商船,
它曾在9世纪的中国和位于海上丝绸之路的阿拉伯世界国家之间航行。
2.
The
trade
agency
offered
online
docking
service
for
the
enterprises
so
as
to
facilitate
them
to
directly
negotiate
business
with
customers
at
the
expo
site.
贸易代理机构为企业提供网上对接服务,
方便企业在世博会现场直接与客户洽谈业务。
3.
The
report
also
said
since
the
pandemic
began,
UK
universities
have
been
worried
about
major
financial
losses
if
Chinese
students
withdraw
from
their
courses
in
the
new
academic
year
in
the
fall,
amid
concerns
over
high
COVID-19
infection
rates
and
a
high
death
toll
in
the
UK.
报告还说,
自大流行开始以来,
英国各大学一直担心,
如果中国学生在秋季新学年退学,
将造成重大经济损失,
因为人们担心英国的新冠肺炎感染率高,
死亡人数也很高。
4.
On
behalf
of
the
Chinese
government
and
people,
and
in
his
own
name,
Xi
expressed
deep
condolences
over
the
deaths,
and
extended
sincere
sympathies
to
the
bereaved
families
and
the
wounded.
习近平代表中国政府和人民,
以个人名义对遇难者表示深切哀悼,
向遇难者家属和伤员表示诚挚慰问。
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1.
She
invented
a
tale
(故事)
about
missing
the
bus
to
explain
her
lateness.
2.
Any
knowledgeable
wine
merchant
(商人)
would
be
able
to
advise
you.
3.
The
path
extends
(延长)
beyond
the
end
of
the
road.
4.
His
publishing
house
just
began
negotiating
(商定)
for
her
next
book.
5.
We
beheld
(看见)
a
beautiful
vista
before
us.
6.
Their
record
sales
would
put
them
in
the
same
league
(水平)
as
The
Rolling
Stones.
7.
Once
in
court,
he
withdrew
(撤回)
the
statement
he’d
made
to
the
police.
8.
The
boats
all
have
to
pass
through
this
narrow
channel
(航道).
9.
Make
sure
you
visit
the
maritime
(海事的)
museum
if
you’re
interested
in
anything
to
do
with
ships
or
seafaring.
10.
In
societies
with
strong
family
bonds
(纽带),
people
tend
to
live
longer.
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1.
The
new
charity
will
be
giving
away
$55
million
a
year,
putting
it
in
the
same
league
as
other
well-known
charities.
?
这家新的慈善机构每年将捐赠5
500万美元,
与其他知名慈善机构并驾齐驱。
2.
A
thousand
boats
set
sail
on
a
long
stretch
of
the
river.
?
百里江面,
千帆竞发。
3.
She
always
had
a
great
deal
of
work
in
hand,
but
no
one
ever
heard
her
complain.
?
她手头总有许多工作要做,
但从没有人听到她抱怨。
4.
Most
older
people
do
not
withdraw
from
society.
?
大多数的老年人并没有退出社会生活的圈子。
5.
Perhaps
you
need
to
negotiate
with
your
boss
to
shift
your
responsibilities.
?
也许你需要和老板沟通,
调整你的工作职责。
Ⅲ.
根据下面提示,
用本单元词汇和句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1.
有一个古老的传说,
是关于一个商人登上一艘在清晨起航的船队的。(tale,
merchant,
set
sail)
2.
这个商人去印度做生意买香料。(spice)
3.
在返航途中,
他与一些水手组成联盟,
抢劫其他商人的货物,
并与这些水手商议如何分配所得。(negotiate)
4.
但最终,
他们的尝试失败了。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
There
was
an
ancient
tale
about
how
a
merchant
went
aboard
a
fleet
of
ship
that
set
sail
on
an
early
morning.
He
went
to
do
business
to
buy
spices
in
India.
During
the
voyage
to
return
to
his
home,
he
was
in
league
with
some
sailors
to
rob
other
merchants’
goods
and
he
negotiated
with
these
sailors
on
how
to
divide
what
they
got.
But
in
the
end,
their
attempt
failed
completely.
课时素养评价
七 Unit
3 Reading
and
Thinking
Ⅰ.
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词
1.
The
media
has
been
filled
with
tales
(叙述)
of
horror
and
loss
resulting
from
Monday’s
earthquake.
2.
We’ve
extended
(延长)
a
washing
line
between
two
trees
in
the
garden.
3.
I’d
like
to
negotiate(协商)
about
the
distributional
plan
with
you.
4.
With
its
own
fleet
(车队)
of
trucks,
the
company
delivers
most
orders
overnight.
5.
The
beauty
of
the
garden
was
a
pleasure
to
behold
(看).
6.
After
the
Norman
Conquest,
the
forest
became
a
royal
(皇家的)
hunting
preserve.
7.
Spices
(香料)
are
widely
used
in
Indian
cooking.
8.
He
stated
that
all
foreign
forces
would
withdraw
(撤回)
as
soon
as
the
crisis
ended.
9.
She
switched
another
channel
(频道)
to
watch
the
football
match.
10.
The
hospital
gives
mothers
quiet
private
time
in
which
to
bond
(增强信任关系)
with
their
babies.
Ⅱ.
选词填空
in
a
league
of
one’s
own,
withdraw
from,
in
hand,
in
ancient
times,
reach
out,
for
the
benefit
of,
in
return
for,
from
a
.
.
.
point
of
view,
set
sail,
under
the
command
of
1.
It
was
a
bright
clear
morning
when
we
at
last
set
sail
in
the
ship.
?
2.
As
a
lawyer,
Janice
is
so
excellent
that
she
is
truly
in
a
league
of
her
own.
?
3.
He
has
decided
to
withdraw
from
the
competition.
?
4.
It
took
me
great
efforts
to
get
these
books
in
hand.
?
5.
This
old
Silk
Road
linked
China
with
the
west
in
ancient
times.
?
6.
The
ship
is
under
the
command
of
Captain
Blake.
?
7.
In
return
for
your
cooperation
we
will
give
you
a
free
gift.
?
8.
We
must
be
kind
and
friendly
and
reach
out
to
those
in
need.
?
9.
We
have
brought
down
prices
of
medicines
for
the
benefit
of
the
people.
?
10.
From
a
long-term
point
of
view,
we
should
pay
attention
to
education
and
science
and
technology.
?
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
The
protection
of
the
law
is
extended
to
more
kinds
of
animals.
?
更多种类的动物受到法律的保护。
2.
Our
coach
is
negotiating
with
the
headmaster
for
the
use
of
their
gym.
?
我们教练正在同校长交涉使用他们体育馆的事。
3.
You’ll
find
you’re
out
of
his
league
if
you
challenge
him
to
a
chess
game—
he’s
the
chess
club
champion.
?
你如果向他挑战比赛下棋,
便会发现你的水准太低——他是国际象棋俱乐部的冠军。
4.
Why
did
you
withdraw
from
the
race?
?
你为什么要退出比赛?
5.
The
work
is
in
hand
and
will
soon
be
completed.
?
工作正在进行中,
不久就可以完成。
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
It
seems
we
can’t
get
off
the
planet
fast
enough.
Two
thirds
of
NASA’s
money
is
spent
on
manned
space
exploration,
and
that
number
will
grow
with
the
USA’s
decision
to
send
a
man
to
Mars
in
2037.
We’ve
seen
all
there
is
to
see
on
Earth,
right?
Wrong.
The
final
place
is
here,
under
the
surface
of
the
sea.
Heading
down
into
the
ocean,
human
limits
are
quickly
reached.
At
200
metres,
the
water
is
as
black
as
a
moonless
night.
Most
nuclear
submarines
(核潜艇)
would
implode
(内爆)
before
they
reach
1
km
down.
At
3
km
—
still
less
than
the
average
depth
of
the
ocean
—
there’s
a
good
chance
that
you’ll
discover
a
new
species.
The
deepest-diving
whales
go
no
further.
At
the
very
bottom,
about
11
km
down,
lies
the
Challenger
Deep,
the
deepest
part
of
the
Mariana
Trench
in
the
Pacific
Ocean.
Eighteen
humans
have
walked
on
the
Moon,
but
only
three
have
seen
the
Deep
with
their
own
eyes.
Yet
things
live
down
there.
Big
things.
A
very
loud
sound
was
once
heard
and
scientists
suggested
that
it
was
produced
by
an
animal
bigger
than
a
blue
whale,
the
largest
creature
known
on
the
planet.
In
the
late
1990s,
a
deep-water
submarine
was
dropped
in
the
Southern
Ocean,
and
passing
4,
000
metres,
it
discovered
something
huge
passing
under
it.
Surprised?
Don’t
be.
The
ocean
covers
70%
of
the
planet’s
surface
and
we’ve
studied
less
than
5%
of
it.
We
know
more
about
the
dark
side
of
the
Moon
than
about
the
bottom
of
the
sea.
One
reason
that
we
explore
space
is
to
find
evidence
of
other
life
forms.
The
search
for
life
outside
of
Earth
is
important,
but
robots
can
look
under
the
dry
rocks
of
Mars
better
than
humans.
They’re
absolutely
important
for
doing
ocean
research
too,
but
they
can’t
look
under
the
sea.
The
cost
of
exploration
is
rising,
but
the
results
would
benefit
all
our
lives.
Understanding
the
oceans
will
help
us
find
new
sources
of
food,
drugs
and
energy.
Perhaps
now
it’s
time
to
begin
a
new
period
of
sea
exploration.
Manned
exploration
of
space
is
science
fiction.
The
adventure
of
the
deep
sea
is
science
fact.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。通过对the
Mariana
Trench和Southern
Ocean海底勘探的描述,
作者讲述了人类对深海的探索,
比起对太空的探索,
或许深海更具现实意义。
1.
What
do
the
examples
in
Paragraph
2
suggest?
A.
Sea
exploration
is
no
easy
task.
B.
Nuclear
submarines
need
to
be
improved.
C.
The
ocean
is
far
deeper
than
people
expected.
D.
The
condition
under
the
sea
is
similar
to
that
on
the
Moon.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第二段Eighteen
humans
have
walked
on
the
Moon,
but
only
three
have
seen
the
Deep
with
their
own
eyes.
可知,
比起探索太空,
人类对于深海的探索更艰难。故选A项。
2.
What
do
we
know
about
the
Challenger
Deep?
A.
Blue
whales
live
there.
B.
No
one
has
ever
been
there.
C.
People
are
terrified
by
the
sight
of
it.
D.
It
is
the
deepest
known
location
on
Earth.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段At
the
very
bottom,
about
11
km
down,
lies
the
Challenger
Deep,
the
deepest
part
of
the
Mariana
Trench
in
the
Pacific
Ocean.
可知,
the
Challenger
Deep位于海底大概11千米的位置,
是the
Mariana
Trench最深的部分。与
D项相符,
故选D项。
3.
What
does
the
author
think
of
the
discovery
in
the
Southern
Ocean?
A.
It’s
surprising.
B.
It’s
no
wonder.
C.
It’s
worrying.
D.
It’s
no
success.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第四段it
discovered
something
huge
passing
under
it.
Surprised?
.
.
.
about
the
bottom
of
the
sea.
可知,
对于在Southern
Ocean中的发现,
作者并不感到惊讶,
地球表面70%被海水覆盖,
人类对于它的研究还不到5%。对月球阴暗面的了解都比海底多。故选B项。
4.
What
does
the
author
want
to
tell
us?
A.
Space
exploration
is
of
little
value.
B.
We
spend
too
much
money
on
space
travel.
C.
Humans’
success
lies
in
how
much
they
explore
the
sea.
D.
The
ocean
is
the
place
where
we
should
make
our
efforts.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。由倒数第二段最后两句话可知探索海底,
虽然费用高一些,
但可以帮人类找到更多食物、药品和能量来源,
对人类的实际意义更大。故选D项。
B
A
study
has
warned
that
seafood
supplies
from
the
world’s
oceans
could
be
almost
gone
by
the
middle
of
the
century.
The
researchers
say
there
has
already
been
a
breakdown
in
wild
populations
of
almost
one
third
of
currently
fished
sea-foods.
The
study
says
that
means
their
catch
has
fallen
by
ninety
percent
from
their
highest
level.
Boris
Worm
of
Dalhousie
University
in
Nova
Scotia,
Canada
led
the
intentional
team
that
did
the
study.
Professor
Worm
says
species
have
recently
been
disappearing
from
oceans
at
an
increasing
speed.
At
this
rate
he
says
all
seafood
species
could
collapse
by
2048.
Other
studies
have
also
warned
about
the
dangers
of
overfishing
and
the
effects
on
ocean
environments.
But
not
everyone
thinks
the
oceans
are
likely
to
be
empty
in
fifty
years.
Some
scientists
say
parts
of
the
world
do
have
problems
but
others
are
doing
a
good
job
of
protecting
fish
populations.
Government
officials
in
several
countries
with
large
fishing
industries
also
questioned
the
research.
The
study
appeared
earlier
this
month
in
Science
magazine.
The
researchers
say
damage
to
oceans
affects
not
only
fish
populations
but
also
the
productivity
of
ecosystems.
These
complex
systems
help
control
water
quality.
The
scientists
say
the
loss
of
different
kinds
of
sea
life
appears
to
increase
the
risk
of
fish
kills
and
beach
closures
from
harmful
algae
growth.
The
scientists
examined
the
results
of
thirty-two
experiments
and
observed
forty-eight
protected
areas.
They
also
looked
at
records
of
catches
worldwide.
They
studied
records
from
the
United
Nations
Food
and
Agriculture
Organization
from
1950
to
2003.
And
they
examined
archaeological
information
and
other
historical
records
for
twelve
coastal
areas.
That
research
reached
back
over
a
thousand
years.
Boris
Worm
says
the
findings
are,
in
his
words,
“beyond
anything
we
suspected.
”But
he
also
says
the
situation
is
not
too
late
to
correct.
He
says
that
with
good
fisheries
management,
some
species
could
completely
recover
in
three
to
ten
years.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。一项研究警告说,
到本世纪中叶,
来自世界海洋的海产品供应可能几乎消失,
其他研究也对过度捕捞的危险和对海洋环境的影响提出了警告。但是也有人对研究提出了质疑,
有些地区在保护鱼类种群方面做得很好。如果渔业管理得当,
一些物种可以在3到10年内完全恢复。
5.
The
underlined
word
“their”
in
the
first
paragraph
most
probably
mean
.
?
A.
researchers’
B.
fishermen’s
C.
sea
foods’
D.
the
oceans’
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第一段The
researchers
say
there
has
already
been
a
breakdown
in
wild
populations
of
almost
one
third
of
currently
fished
sea-foods.
可知,
their指的是“海产品的”。故选C项。
6.
Which
of
the
following
is
true
according
to
the
passage?
A.
All
the
scientists
don’t
believe
that
all
seafood
species
will
disappear
very
soon.
B.
Most
government
officials
disagree
to
the
seafood-disappearing
research.
C.
Some
scientists
are
doing
a
good
job
of
protecting
fish
populations.
D.
It’s
too
late
to
take
any
action
to
improve
the
situation.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句But
not
everyone
thinks
the
oceans
are
likely
to
be
empty
in
fifty
years.
不是所有的人都认为50年内海洋会枯竭。可知并不是所有的科学家都相信所有的海鲜物种都会很快消失。故选A项。
7.
According
to
Boris
Worm,
.
?
A.
some
people
are
doing
a
good
job
of
protecting
fish
populations
B.
overfishing
is
one
of
the
causes
for
the
loss
of
seafood
species
C.
things
are
getting
worse
though
efforts
can
be
made
D.
some
more
species
will
come
into
being
with
right
measures
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段Other
studies
have
also
warned
about
the
dangers
of
overfishing
and
the
effects
on
ocean
environments.
和最后一段He
says
that
with
good
fisheries
management,
some
species
could
completely
recover
in
three
to
ten
years可知,
据鲍里斯·沃姆说,
过度捕捞是导致海产品物种灭绝的原因之一。故选B项。
8.
What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
passage?
A.
To
call
on
people
to
protect
the
ocean
environment.
B.
To
introduce
a
study
about
the
disappearing
of
sea
foods.
C.
To
report
different
opinions
about
the
seafood
research.
D.
To
criticize
the
present
fisheries
management.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,
文章讲的是研究表明过度捕捞会使海产品供应几乎消失,
也对海洋环境有影响,
由此判断出,
这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一项关于海产品消失的研究。故选B项。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
As
long
as
we
have
been
on
earth,
we
have
used
the
sea
around
us.
We
take
from
the
ocean,
and
we
give
to
it.
We
take
fishes
from
the
ocean
—
millions
of
kilograms
of
fish,
every
year,
to
feed
millions
of
people.
1
We
take
minerals
from
the
ocean.
One
way
to
get
salt
is
to
place
seawater
in
a
shallow
basin
and
leave
it
until
it
evaporates(蒸发).
2
Much
gold
and
silver
drift
dissolved
in
the
waters
of
the
sea,
too.
But
the
sea
does
not
give
them
up
by
simple
evaporation.
Other
gifts
from
the
sea
are
pearls,
sponges
and
seaweed.
Pearls
become
jewelry.
3
Seaweed
becomes
food
of
many
kinds—
even
candy,
and
ice
cream
—
as
well
as
medicine.
Believe
it
or
not,
fresh
water
is
another
gift
from
the
sea.
We
cannot
drink
ocean
water.
4
But
ocean
water
becomes
fresh
water
when
the
salts
are
removed.
In
the
future,
we
will
find
ourselves
depending
more
and
more
on
fresh
water
from
the
sea.
?
The
sea
gives
us
food,
fertilizer,
minerals,
water,
and
other
gifts.
What
do
we
give
the
sea?
Garbage.
5
Huge
as
it
is,
the
ocean
cannot
hold
all
the
water
that
we
pour
into
it.
Dumping
garbage
into
the
ocean
is
killing
off
sea
life.
Yet
as
the
world
population
grows,
we
may
need
the
sea
and
its
gifts
more
than
ever.
?
We
are
finally
learning
that
if
we
destroy
our
seas,
we
might
also
destroy
ourselves.
Hopefully,
it
is
not
too
late.
A.
We
even
use
their
bones
for
fertilizer.
B.
Some
of
its
contents
may
cause
illness.
C.
Natural
sponges
(海绵)
become
cleaning
aids.
D.
The
area
of
the
sea
is
becoming
smaller
and
smaller.
E.
Along
with
salt,
other
minerals
are
left
after
evaporation.
F.
We
pollute
the
ocean
when
we
use
it
as
a
garbage
dump.
G.
We
take
a
lot
from
the
ocean
and
give
little
to
the
sea.
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们生活的地球周围都是海洋,
我们从海洋中得到许多的矿物质,
人们越来越依赖海洋的资源,
但是人们却不断地污染海洋,
作者希望人们减少海洋污染。
1.
【解析】选A。根据上文We
take
fishes
from
the
ocean—millions
of
kilograms
of
fish,
every
year,
to
feed
millions
of
people.
提到我们从海洋里获取许多鱼,
当然包括鱼的骨头,
这一段在讲鱼对于人类的好处,
A项与上文形成递进关系。
2.
【解析】选E。根据上文
We
take
minerals
from
the
ocean.
One
way
to
get
salt
is
to
place
seawater
in
a
shallow
basin
and
leave
it
until
it
evaporate.
可知蒸发海水可以得到盐,
当然也可以得到除盐之外的其他矿物质。E项承接上文,
符合题意。
3.
【解析】选C。根据空前
“Other
gifts
from
the
sea
are
pearls,
sponges
and
seaweed.
Pearls
become
jewelry.
”以及空后Seaweed
becomes
food
of
many
kinds—even
candy,
and
ice
cream—as
well
as
medicine。故设空处应讲海绵的用途。结合选项,
C项承上启下,
符合题意。
4.
【解析】选B。根据上文
We
cannot
drink
ocean
water.
我们不能喝海水,
由此可知,
海水有坏的影响。B项承接上文,
符合题意。
5.
【解析】选F。根据上文What
do
we
give
the
sea?
Garbage.
我们给了海洋什么?
垃圾!
由此可知,
我们一直在污染着海洋,
F项当我们把海洋当作垃圾堆时,
我们会污染海洋,
承上启下,
符合题意。
PAGEUnit
3 Sea
Exploration
Using
Language
词汇积淀·素养初探
Ⅰ.
根据语境写出正确的单词
1.
the
migration
(迁移)
routes
of
birds
2.
a
directory
(电话号码簿)
of
hotels
3.
exploit
(开发)
one’s
talents
4.
a
20-gallon
(加仑)
fish
tank
5.
a
murder
(凶杀)
case
6.
a
heart
full
of
mercy
(仁慈)
7.
make
public
property
one’s
private
possession
(拥有)
8.
a
political
opponent
(反对者)
9.
logged
(载入正式记录的)
30,
000
air
miles
in
April
10.
marine
(海的)
exploration
11.
the
arrest
(逮捕)
of
a
criminal
suspect
Ⅱ.
根据语境用恰当的介、副词填空
1.
There
was
a
mass
migration
of
poverty-struck
farmers
into
the
cities.
2.
She
appealed
to
the
judge
to
have
mercy
on
her
husband.
3.
The
home
team
was
in
possession
during
most
of
the
fourth
quarter.
4.
She
was
stopped
outside
the
shop
and
placed
under
arrest.
Ⅲ.
翻译下列课文原句并观察黑体部分
1.
Plastic
pollution
is
also
bad,
killing
many
birds
and
fish,
and
has
even
been
found
in
our
tap
water.
塑料污染也很严重,
杀死了许多鸟和鱼,
甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了。
2.
There
are
probably
vast
amounts
of
resources
under
the
sea
and
ice,
not
just
oil
and
gas
but
also
valuable
minerals.
海洋和冰下可能蕴藏着大量的资源,
不仅仅是石油和天然气,
还有宝贵的矿物。
3.
Hopefully,
as
technology
improves,
we
may
have
more
options
for
managing
this
balance.
希望随着技术的进步,
我们可以有更多的选择来控制这种平衡。
阅读精研·素养构建
Ⅰ.
文本整体理解:
理清文章架构
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
Text
1
(1)Sea
exploration
has
caused
many
problems
▲
More
exploration
means
more
(2)pollution.
▲
(3)Mining
for
resources
is
very
damaging.
▲
(4)Overfishing
is
another
problem.
Text
2
Sea
exploration
is
important
for
our
(5)future.
More
research
is
(6)necessary.
We
need
new
(7)resources
for
future
development.
(8)Environmental
risks
should
be
balanced
with
economic
needs.
2.
What
is
the
text
type
of
the
passage?
A.
Narration.
(记叙文)
B.
Argumentative
essay.
(议论文)
C.
Expository
writing.
(说明文)
D.
Practical
writing
(应用文)
答案:
C
3.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
Text
1
is
mainly
about
the
problems
caused
by
sea
exploration
but
Text
2
centers
on
the
importance
of
sea
exploration
for
humans.
?
Ⅱ.
文本细节理解:
探寻语篇细节信息
1.
Choose
the
best
answer
(1)Why
does
the
writer
mention
the
Deepwater
Horizon?
A.
To
show
it
has
more
gallons
of
oil.
B.
To
explain
its
influence
on
animals.
C.
To
stress
the
bad
effect
of
plastic.
D.
To
prove
it
has
caused
serious
pollution.
(2)What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
third
paragraph?
A.
The
speed
of
the
melting
ice
in
Arctic.
B.
The
discovery
of
fossil
fuels
in
Arctic.
C.
The
damaging
resources
in
the
Arctic.
D.
The
influence
of
climate
on
the
Arctic.
(3)What
does
the
first
writer
think
of
the
sea?
A.
It
belongs
to
humans.
B.
It
is
the
habitat
of
life.
C.
It
is
less
sensitive
actually.
D.
It
is
the
possessions
of
future
generations.
(4)What
makes
it
necessary
for
us
to
explore
seas?
A.
The
development
of
technology.
B.
The
value
of
minerals
under
the
sea.
C.
The
rising
number
of
population.
D.
The
occurrence
of
earthquakes.
答案:
(1)～(4)DDBC
2.
Reread
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
The
problems
of
exploring
sea
More
exploration
means
more(1)pollution
▲Gallons
of
oil
is
spilled
into
the
sea▲Plastic
pollution
Mining
for
resources
is
very(2)damaging
★Climate
change
makes
(3)ice
less★Look
for
more
fossil
fuels
further
north★The
ice
will
melt
more
(4)Overfishing
is
another
problem
Sea
exploration
is
important
for
our
future.
Help
address
important
issues
such
as
(5)climate
change
Understanding
more
about
the
sea
Help
us
manage
its
(6)resources
better
Logging
new
(7)species
Improve
our
understanding
of
life
on
the
earth.
Accessing
the
deep
ocean
Help
us
to
predict
(8)events
such
as
earthquakes
◆New
resources
for
growing
(9)population◆More
resources
under
sea
and
ice
◆Balance
the
(10)economic
needs
and
environmental
risks
Ⅲ.
文本素养提升:
阅读技能综合运用
1.
根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
译文:
由于气候变化,
现在的冰减少了,
这意味着我们可以在更远的北方寻找更多的化石燃料。
译文:
我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么,
这样我们才能采取行动。
2.
阅读主题活动
(1)What
is
overfishing?
Overfishing
is
closely
tied
to
bycatch—the
capture
of
unwanted
sea
life
while
fishing
for
a
different
species.
This,
too,
is
a
serious
marine
threat
that
causes
the
needless
loss
of
billions
of
fish,
along
with
hundreds
of
thousands
of
sea
turtles
and
cetaceans.
?
The
damage
done
by
overfishing
goes
beyond
the
marine
environment.
Billions
of
people
rely
on
fish
for
protein,
and
fishing
is
the
principal
livelihood
for
millions
of
people
around
the
world.
?
(2)What
did
we
learn
from
the
Deepwater
Horizon
disaster?
The
Deepwater
Horizon
blowout
caused
gas
and
oil
to
spill
into
the
Gulf
of
Mexico
for
87
days.
Years
after
this
environmental
disaster,
scientists
studying
the
spill
better
understand
the
complex
processes
that
affect
how
oil
transforms
and
degrades
in
the
water
and
just
how
resilient
ecosystems
can
be
to
such
a
disturbance.
The
disaster
response
also
did
nothing
to
clear
up
debates
about
chemicals
called
dispersants
that
are
often
used
in
spill
cleanups.
Researchers
hope
that
the
technological
advances
over
the
past
decade—and
the
knowledge
gained—will
better
prepare
the
world
for
the
next
big
spill.
?
(3)How
do
human
activities
affect
the
oceans?
Human
activities
affect
nearly
all
parts
of
the
ocean.
Lost
and
discarded
fishing
nets
continue
to
lethally
snare
fish,
seabirds,
and
marine
mammals
as
they
drift.
Ships
spill
oil
and
garbage;
they
also
transport
critters
to
alien
habitats
unprepared
for
their
arrival,
turning
them
into
invasive
species.
Mangrove
forests
are
cleared
for
homes
and
industry.
?
Climate
change
currently
affecting
the
planet
because
of
high
greenhouse
gas
emissions
from
humans
is
strikingly
reflected
in
the
oceans.
The
greenhouse
gas
carbon
dioxide
is
also
turning
ocean
waters
acidic,
and
an
influx
of
freshwater
from
melting
glaciers
threatens
to
alter
the
weather-driving
currents.
?
要点精研·素养奠基
1.
mercy
n.
仁慈;
宽恕;
恩惠
Although
this
was
banned
in
1982,
some
countries
are
still
“murdering”
these
intelligent
creatures
without
mercy.
尽管这在1982年被禁止,
但一些国家仍然毫不留情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
Having
lost
the
engine’s
power,
the
boat
was
now
at
the
mercy
of
the
wind.
发动机坏了,
这艘船现在任由大风摆布。
He
was
such
a
cruel
man
that
he
showed
no
mercy
to
others.
他是一个那么残酷的人以至于他对别人毫无怜悯之情。
They
had
mercy
on
their
neighbor
for
he
suffered
a
lot.
=They
showed
mercy
to
their
neighbor
for
he
suffered
a
lot.
他们对邻居表示同情,
他受的苦难太多了。
show
mercy
to
sb.
怜悯某人
have
mercy
on
对……表示怜悯
at
the
mercy
of
任凭……的摆布;
在……的支配中
without
mercy
残忍地,
毫无同情心地
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He
will
be
generous
and
merciful
(mercy)
to
those
who
are
weaker
than
himself.
(2)So
pitifully
did
she
plead
that
the
Baron
grew
calm
and
decided
to
have
mercy
on
her.
(3)They
showed
little
mercy
to
the
enemies.
(4)The
policemen
shot
the
crocodile
without
mercy.
(5)The
boat
was
at
the
mercy
of
the
rapid
river.
2.
possession
n.
个人财产;
拥有;
控制
The
sea
is
home
to
life,
not
human
beings’
possessions.
海洋是生命的家园,
而不是人类的财产。
The
company
that
Tom
is
in
possession
of
was
once
in
the
possession
of
his
uncle.
汤姆现在拥有的公司曾经是他叔叔的。
On
her
father’s
death,
she
came
into
possession
of
a
vast
fortune.
父亲死后,
她继承了一大笔财产。
We
didn’t
take
possession
of
the
car
until
a
few
days
after
the
auction.
拍卖会过后几天,
我们才真正拿到了那辆车。
be
in
possession
of
sth.
拥有/占有某物
be
in
the
possession
of
sb.
/be
in
one’s
possession
为某人所有;
归某人所有
have
possession
of
拥有
come
into
possession
of
占有某物
get/take
possession
of
占领;
夺取
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)
He
is
in
possession
of
the
house.
=
The
house
is
in
the
possession
of
him.
(2)He
took
possession
of
a
lot
of
jewels
from
Mr
White.
(3)He
had
come
into
possession
of
a
large
fortune.
(4)Does
the
young
man
standing
there
have
possession
of
the
company?
3.
arrest
n.
逮捕;
拘留;
中止 vt.
逮捕;
拘留;
阻止
A
$5
million
reward
has
been
announced
for
information
leading
to
the
arrest
of
those
responsible
for
the
murder.
一项500万美元的悬赏已经公布,
以获得逮捕那些对这起谋杀事件负责的人的信息。
He
is
said
to
be
under
arrest
for
spreading
online
rumors.
据说他由于传播网络谣言被捕了。
An
unusual
painting
arrested
his
attention.
一幅异乎寻常的画引起了他的注意。
After
the
match
three
youths
got
arrested.
比赛过后,
有三个青年被捕。
He
was
arrested
for
faking
some
famous
paintings.
他由于伪造一些名画而被逮捕。
arrest
sb.
for
sth.
因……逮捕某人
get
arrested
(人)被逮捕
arrest
one’s
attention
引起某人的注意
be
under
arrest
被逮捕
make
an
arrest
进行逮捕
【即学活用】
(1)She
was
arrested
for
drug-related
offences.
?
她因涉嫌毒品犯罪而被捕。
(2)You
shouldn’t
do
things
like
that.
You
could
get
arrested!
?
你不应该做那样的事。你会被捕的!
(3)The
bright
colours
of
the
flowers
arrested
the
girl’s
attention.
?
花的艳丽色彩引起了那姑娘的注意。
(4)You’re
under
arrest.
You’re
here
to
assist
my
investigation.
?
你已经被捕了,
你来这里是协助我办案的。
读写结合·表达升级
如何写辩论性文章——海洋探测
辩论性文章属于议论文。议论文主要针对某一观点或问题(一般为有争议的观点或问题)发表议论和看法,
因此写此类文章时要考虑的论据多为正反两个方面。通过对有争议的观点或问题的不同看法进行比较,
然后进行分析和评论,
最后提出自己的看法,
表达自己支持或反对的态度并加以论证说明,
得出结论。
假如你是李华,
学校即将举行以“Is
it
necessary
for
humans
to
explore
oceans?
”为题目的英语作文比赛,
请按照下列要求写一篇80词左右的议论文。要点如下:
1.
使海洋可持续发展
2.
了解海洋环境
3.
更好地了解气候
完成句子
1.
它可以建立更好地理解环境变化所需的基本信息。
It
can
establish
the
basic
information
needed
to
better
understand
environmental
change.
?
2.
这有助于科学家解决目前的情况。
It
helps
scientists
to
address
current
situations.
?
3.
这有助于科学家预测未来可能出现的情况。
It
helps
scientists
to
predict
the
future
situations
that
may
emerge.
?
4.
它还可以让我们了解海洋中可利用的物质,
生命形式是如何生存的,
以及人类如何在海底生存或充分利用深海资源。
It
can
also
give
us
knowledge
about
what
are
available
in
oceans,
how
the
life
forms
live,
and
find
out
how
humans
can
survive
down
there
or
make
good
use
of
the
depth’s
resources.
?
5.
海洋是我们赖以满足食物、能源等需求的资源之一。
The
sea
can
be
one
of
the
resources
for
us
to
rely
on
to
fulfill
the
needs
such
as
food,
energy,
etc.
?
6.
它还可以帮助我们跟踪发生在海洋上的气候变化以及可能影响我们生活的因素。
It
can
help
us
keep
track
of
the
climate
changes
that
happen
to
the
ocean
and
what
might
affect
our
life.
?
7.
海洋探险对人类有很大的好处。
Sea
exploration
will
be
of
great
benefit
to
humans.
?
句式升级
8.
用which非限制性定语从句合并句1,
句2和句3
It
can
establish
the
basic
information
needed
to
better
understand
environmental
change,
which
helps
scientists
to
address
both
current
situations
and
to
predict
the
future
situations
that
may
emerge.
?
9.
用because合并句4和句5
It
can
also
give
us
knowledge
about
what
are
available
in
oceans,
how
the
life
forms
live,
and
find
out
how
humans
can
survive
down
there
or
make
good
use
of
the
depth’s
resources,
because
the
sea
can
be
one
of
the
resources
for
us
to
rely
on
to
fulfill
the
needs
such
as
food,
energy,
etc.
?
Is
it
necessary
for
humans
to
explore
oceans?
I
agree
with
the
view
that
it
is
necessary
for
humans
to
explore
seas.
First,
it
can
establish
the
basic
information
needed
to
better
understand
environmental
change,
which
helps
scientists
to
address
both
current
situations
and
to
predict
the
future
situations
that
may
emerge.
Moreover,
it
can
also
give
us
knowledge
about
what
are
available
in
oceans,
how
the
life
forms
live,
and
find
out
how
humans
can
survive
down
there
or
make
good
use
of
the
depth’s
resources,
because
the
sea
can
be
one
of
the
resources
for
us
to
rely
on
to
fulfill
the
needs
such
as
food,
energy,
etc.
In
addition,
it
can
help
us
keep
track
of
the
climate
changes
that
happen
to
the
ocean
and
what
might
affect
our
life.
In
sum,
sea
exploration
will
be
of
great
benefit
to
humans.
1.
话题词汇
(1)monster怪物
(2)attack袭击
(3)creature生物
(4)sighting目击
(5)hairy多毛的
(6)frightening吓人的
(7)mysterious神秘的
2.
话题句式
(1)The
Grey
Man
is
a
frightening
creature
that
lives
in
Scotland.
灰人是生活在苏格兰的一种可怕的生物。
(2)They
say
that
the
low-temperature
sea
is
unlikely
to
be
able
to
support
such
large
living
creatures.
他们说水温这样低的海里不可能有体型如此巨大的生物生存。
(3)He
claims
to
have
seen
a
round
black
creature
moving
quickly
through
the
water.
他声称看见了一个圆的黑色生物在水中快速移动。
(4)The
rich
marine
biological
resources,
mineral
resources,
chemical
resources
and
power
resources
are
an
indispensable
resource
treasure
house
of
human.
丰富的海洋生物资源,
矿产资源,
化学资源和电力资源是人类赖以生存的必不可少的资源宝库。
(5)The
main
objective
of
the
current
marine
conservation
is
to
protect
marine
biological
resources.
当前海洋保护的主要目标是保护海洋生物资源。
(6)We
should
maintain
the
regeneration
ability
of
marine
biological
resources
and
the
natural
purification
capacity
of
water,
preservation
of
the
marine
ecological
balance
in
order
to
ensure
the
sustainable
human
development
and
utilization
of
ocean.
我们应该保持海洋生物资源的再生能力和水的自然净化能力,
维护海洋生态平衡,
以确保人类的可持续发展和海洋的持续利用。
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词
1.
As
a
result
of
this
westward
migration
(迁移),
Americans
eventually
occupied
the
whole
continent—from
the
Atlantic
to
the
Pacific.
2.
Look
up
their
number
in
the
telephone
directory
(目录).
3.
Carl’s
starting
college
in
September.
Meanwhile
(与此同时),
he’s
travelling
around
Europe.
?
4.
We
need
to
make
sure
that
we
exploit
(开发)
our
resources
as
fully
as
possible.
5.
We
drank
gallons
(加仑)
of
coffee
to
keep
ourselves
awake.
6.
Her
husband
was
murdered
(谋杀)
by
gunmen
as
she
watched.
7.
After
the
boat’s
motor
failed,
they
were
at
the
mercy
(仁慈)of
the
weather.
8.
The
possession
(拥有)
of
large
amounts
of
money
does
not
ensure
happiness.
9.
Leading
opponents
(对手)
of
the
proposed
cuts
in
defence
spending
will
meet
later
today.
10.
Details
of
the
crime
are
then
logged
(记录)
in
the
computer.
11.
Marine
(海洋的)
biologists
are
concerned
about
the
effects
of
untreated
sewage
that
is
flowing
into
coastal
waters.
12.
The
police
say
seven
people
were
arrested
(逮捕)
for
minor
offences.
Ⅱ.
选词填空
without
mercy,
have
possession
of,
be
home
to,
arrest
one’s
attention,
as
well
as,
take
action
1.
The
park
is
home
to
bears,
wolves,
and
other
wild
animals.
?
2.
Mark
was
mainly
interested
in
sport
at
school,
playing
rugby
as
well
as
soccer.
?
3.
It’s
high
time
that
we
should
take
action
to
protect
the
water
resources.
?
4.
At
the
first
sign
of
movement,
they
shot
without
mercy.
?
5.
The
bright
colors
of
the
flowers
arrested
his
attention.
?
6.
How
do
human
beings
have
possession
of
healthy
physique
and
self-contained
mentality,
when
enjoying
affluent
material
life?
?
课时素养评价
九 Unit
3 Using
Language
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
Change
of
climate
must
have
had
a
powerful
influence
on
migration
(migrate).
2.
I
have
in
my
possession
(possess)
a
letter
which
may
be
of
interest
to
you.
3.
They
have
no
mercy
on
the
poor
father
and
daughter.
4.
A
man
is
under
arrest
following
the
suspicious
death
of
his
wife.
5.
Fifteen
million
trees
had
been
blown
down
by
the
high
winds,
blocking
(block)
roads,
paths
and
railway
lines.
6.
What
makes
his
parents
worried
is
not
his
grades
but
that
he
hasn’t
any
interest
in
learning.
7.
Many
chemicals
have
a
damaging
(damage)
effect
on
the
environment.
8.
Both
of
them
have
been
through
an
awful
lot
and
hopefully
(hopeful)
now
I
can
help
them
rebuild
their
lives.
9.
The
audience
applauded(applause)
their
favorite
singer
as
she
came
on
the
stage.
10.
There
is
nothing
but
criticism
for
the
untrue
coverage(cover)
of
the
football
game
on
the
website.
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1.
They
were
lost
at
the
sea,
at
the
mercy
of
the
wind
and
weather.
?
他们在海上迷了路,
任凭风和天气的摆布。
2.
We
can’t
take
possession
of
the
house
until
all
the
papers
have
been
signed.
?
所有的文件都签字以后,
我们才能拥有这房子。
3.
As
I
looked
through
the
book,
several
printing
mistakes
arrested
my
sight.
?
我翻阅这本书时发现了几个印刷错误。
4.
They
may
be
able
to
help
with
childcare
so
that
you
can
have
a
break.
?
他们可以帮忙照料孩子,
这样你就可以歇一歇了。
5.
Scientists
have
been
exploring
space,
and
meanwhile
manned
submersibles
are
being
improved
underwater.
?
科学家们一直在探索太空,
同时载人潜艇也在水下改进。
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
We
know
more
about
the
surface
of
the
planet
Mars
than
we
know
about
what
is
at
the
bottom
of
Earth’s
oceans.
Until
recently,
scientists
had
mapped
only
about
20
percent
of
the
sea
floor.
But
our
knowledge
of
the
deep
seas
is
changing
because
of
information
from
satellites.
Scientists
have
produced
a
new
map
that
provides
a
detailed
picture
of
the
oceans.
The
new
map
is
twice
as
detailed
as
the
map
made
20
years
ago.
David
Sandwell
is
a
geophysics
professor
at
the
Scripps
Institution
of
Oceanography
at
the
University
of
California.
He
and
other
scientists
worked
on
the
mapping
project.
He
says
they
turned
to
space
to
look
deeper
into
the
ocean.
?
“The
way
we’re
doing
that
is
to
use
a
satellite
altimeter(测高仪),
a
radar
to
map
the
topography(地形)
of
the
ocean
surface.
That
is
because
the
ocean
surface
topography
is
different
because
of
gravitational(引力的)
effects.
”
The
scientists
collected
and
studied
information
from
two
satellites.
One
was
the
European
Space
Agency’s
Cryo-2
satellite
that
was
placed
in
Earth’s
orbit
to
watch
sea
ice.
The
other
satellite
is
the
American
space
agency’s
Jason-1,
studying
the
surface
of
the
oceans.
Scientists
combined
the
satellite
data
with
images
gathered
by
equipment
on
ships.
The
equipment
works
by
sending
sound
waves
through
the
water.
When
the
sound
waves
hit
an
object,
its
presence
is
confirmed.
The
new
map
shows
the
sea
floor
as
it
has
never
been
seen
before.
It
shows
thousands
of
underwater
mountains
and
places
where
continents
pulled
apart.
It
shows
where
earthquakes
were
active
many
years
ago.
In
one
place,
three
mountain
ridges(山脊)
join
at
the
same
area.
“It’s
called
the
Indian
Ocean
Triple
Junction.
It’s
one
of
my
favorite
spots
in
the
ocean.
You
have
three
plates—the
African
plate,
and
the
Indo-Australian
plate
and
the
Antarctic
plate—all
connected
at
this
one
point
in
the
center
of
the
Indian
Ocean,
”
says
David
Sandwell.
The
map
is
a
powerful
tool
for
those
interested
in
protecting
the
environment
and
for
oil
exploration.
It
also
can
help
ships
travel
safely
and
improve
scientific
projects
worldwide.
Of
course,
scientists
will
make
many
more
discoveries
as
they
examine
the
new
map
and
the
information
it
provides.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。讲述科学家绘制了海底面积百分之二十的地图,
得益于卫星传来的信息,
有助于我们对于深海的了解更加详细。
1.
We
can
owe
the
success
of
the
new
mapping
project
to
.
?
A.
the
details
of
the
old
map
B.
Europe’s
cooperation
with
America
C.
scientists’
continual
measuring
work
under
the
sea
D.
the
application
of
radar
and
sound
wave
measuring
equipment
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段的The
way
we’re
doing
that
is
to
use
a
satellite
altimeter,
a
radar
to
map
the
topography
of
the
ocean
surface和第四段的The
equipment
works
by
sending
sound
waves
through
the
water.
When
the
sound
waves
hit
an
object,
its
presence
is
confirmed.
可知,
我们可以把新的绘图项目的成功归功于雷达和声波测量设备的应用。故选D。
2.
What
does
the
underlined
sentence
in
Paragraph
2
mean?
A.
They
hoped
to
use
space
technology
to
map
the
ocean
floor.
B.
They
wanted
the
satellite
to
produce
the
map.
C.
They
had
never
explored
the
deeper
ocean.
D.
They
decided
to
search
the
outer
space.
【解析】选A。词句猜测题。根据下文David
Sandwell教授说的The
way
we’re
doing
that
is
to
use.
.
.
different
because
of
gravitational
effects.
可知,
画线部分说的是他们求助于太空来更深入地探索海洋,
也就是希望利用空间技术绘制海底地图。故选A。
3.
What
is
mainly
talked
about
in
Paragraph
4?
A.
The
function
of
sound
waves.
B.
The
differences
of
two
satellites.
C.
The
difficulties
of
mapping
the
oceans
D.
The
process
of
mapping
the
ocean
floor.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第四段内容可知,
本段讲述科学家们从两颗卫星收集和研究信息。科学家将卫星数据与船上设备收集的图像结合起来。因此推断本段主要讲述绘制海床的过程。故选D。
4.
The
fifth
paragraph
is
used
to
.
?
A.
show
the
discovery
through
the
new
map
B.
prove
the
earthquakes
were
active
under
the
ocean
C.
explain
how
the
ocean
floor
developed
D.
introduce
what
the
underwater
mountains
were
like
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第五段的The
new
map
shows
the
sea
floor
.
.
.
many
years
ago.
可知,
本段被用来展示新地图的发现。故选A。
B
“Shine
in
the
dark”
dolphins
may
seem
like
something
straight
out
of
a
science
fiction
movie.
However,
that
is
precisely
what
Newport
Coastal
Adventures’
Captain
Ryan
Lawler
and
professional
videographer
Patrick
Coyne
witnessed,
when
they
set
out
to
explore
the
spectacular
blue
tides
that
have
been
lighting
up
the
waters
off
Southern
California’s
coast
since
mid-April.
The
partner
scanned
the
ocean
for
hours
and
was
returning
to
shore
when
they
spotted
the
“electric”
dolphins
swimming
through
the
bloom
of
shining
plankton(浮游生物).
The
videographer,
who
had
seen
the
phenomenon
only
once
before
in
a
Netflix
show,
says
catching
the
scenes
proved
to
be
a
lot
harder
than
he
had
expected.
“For
starters,
the
shining
plankton
has
sweet
spots
to
where
it
shows
up
and
then
fades
away,
so
while
on
the
water,
it’s
impossible
to
just
find
it,
”
Coyne
says.
“Also,
conditions
have
to
be
absolutely
perfect
for
the
shining
plankton
to
show
and
for
animals
to
swim
through
it
so
we
can
film
it.
”?
Though
witnessing
shining
sea
life
is
rare,
the
electrifying
blue
ocean
scenery
is
a
fairly
common
sight
around
Southern
California
between
February
and
September.
The
phenomenon
can
be
attributed
to
the
presence
of
millions
of
plankton,
which
tend
to
gather
and
reproduce
in
large
quantities
in
the
warm
coastal
waters
during
this
time.
Though
a
majority
of
California’s
red
tides
are
caused
by
plankton
species
that
do
not
produce
deadly
poison,
some
algal
blooms(藻花)can
be
dangerous
for
sea
animals,
especially
when
they
stay
for
long
periods
of
time.
In
2018,
an
almost
year-long
“red
tide”
along
Florida’s
Gulf
coast
caused
by
the
excessive
growth
of
microalgae
Karenia
Brevis,
killed
hundreds
of
fish
and
other
sea
animals.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发光的浮游生物,
以及说明了浮游生物过度生长会导致海洋生物的死亡。
5.
What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“sweet
spots”
in
Paragraph
2
mean?
A.
A
sea
plant.
B.
A
lost
world.
C.
A
perfect
moment.
D.
A
missing
camera.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由第二段中的“For
starters,
the
shining
plankton
.
.
.
it’s
impossible
to
just
find
it,
”可知,
发光的浮游生物在它们出现和消失的地方都有自己的闪光点,
“sweet
spots”指的是浮游生物出现和消失的地方,
是一个完美的时刻。故选C项。
6.
What
is
the
main
reason
for
the
sea
life
shining?
A.
They
absorb
the
light
in
the
ocean
and
then
reflect
it.
B.
They
are
surrounded
by
millions
of
shining
plankton.
C.
They
swim
through
the
ocean
with
electricity
in
large
quantities.
D.
They
benefit
from
the
warm
water
to
power
themselves.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段中的“Though
witnessing
shining
sea
life
is
rare.
.
.
during
this
time.
”可知,
海洋生物发光的主要原因是,
它们被数百万闪亮的浮游生物包围着。故选B项。
7.
What
caused
the
death
of
some
sea
animals
according
to
the
text?
A.
Red
tides.
B.
Human
exploration.
C.
Warm
water.
D.
Algal
blooms.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第四段中的“Though
a
majority
of
California’s
red
tides.
.
.
killed
hundreds
of
fish
and
other
sea
animals.
”可知,
造成海洋生物死亡的原因是藻类的繁殖。故选D项。
8.
In
which
section
of
a
newspaper
may
this
text
appear?
A.
Science.
B.
Health.
C.
Entertainment.
D.
Education.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,
文章介绍了发光的浮游生物,
以及说明了浮游生物过度生长会导致海洋生物的死亡。可以推断,
这篇说明文可能出现在报纸的科学版面。故选A项。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
Beginning
with
Chinese
efforts
to
explore
and
connect
with
Central
Asia,
the
Silk
Road
consisted
of
massive
small
routes
and
was
named
after
the
silk
cloth
the
Chinese
produced.
1
Through
these
routes,
Chinese
silk,
porcelain,
lacquer
work
and
ironware
were
shipped
to
the
West,
while
pepper,
flax,
spices,
grape
and
pomegranate
entered
China.
?
2
They
promoted
flow
of
knowledge
as
well.
Arab
astronomy,
calendar
and
medicine
found
their
way
to
China,
while
China’s
four
great
inventions
and
silkworm
breeding
spread
to
other
parts
of
the
world.
3
For
example,
Buddhism
originated
in
India,
blossomed
in
China
and
was
enriched
in
Southeast
Asia.
Confucianism,
which
was
born
in
China,
gained
appreciation
by
European
thinkers
such
as
Leibniz
and
Voltaire.
Herein
lies
the
appeal
of
mutual
(相互的)
learning.
?
The
ancient
silk
routes
witnessed
the
busy
scenes
of
visits
and
trade
over
land
and
ships
calling
at
ports.
Along
these
major
routes,
capital,
technology
and
people
flowed
freely.
4
The
ancient
prosperous
cities
and
ports
developed,
so
did
the
Roman
Empire
as
well
as
Parthia
and
Kushan
Kingdoms.
The
Han
and
Tang
Dynasties
of
China
entered
the
golden
age.
The
ancient
silk
routes
brought
prosperity
to
these
regions
and
contributed
to
their
development.
?
Some
regions
along
the
ancient
Silk
Road
used
to
be
a
land
of
milk
and
honey.
Yet
today,
these
places
are
often
associated
with
conflict,
crisis
and
challenge.
5
Now,
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative
intends
to
build
an
open
platform
of
cooperation
and
a
broad
community
of
shared
interests.
It
will
not
only
achieve
economic
growth
and
balanced
development,
but
also
connect
different
civilizations.
Mutual
understanding,
mutual
respect,
and
mutual
trust
among
different
countries
will
be
boosted.
?
A.
More
importantly,
ideas
were
also
exchanged.
B.
The
ancient
silk
routes
were
not
only
for
trade.
C.
Goods,
resources
and
benefits
were
widely
shared.
D.
Such
state
of
affairs
should
not
be
allowed
to
continue.
E.
However,
silk
was
just
one
of
many
goods
traded
on
these
routes.
F.
Large
empires
provided
stability
and
protection
for
the
trade
routes.
G.
The
Silk
Road
was
never
an
actual
road,
or
even
a
single
massive
trade
route.
【文章大意】本文是说明文,
介绍了丝绸之路的发展历史和意义,
不仅有物资贸易,
也有知识传播和观念的交流。现在的“一带一路”提供了一个合作、均衡发展的平台。
1.
【解析】选E。此处是词汇复现线索。根据后一句“通过这些路线,
中国丝绸、瓷器、漆器和铁器被运往西方,
而辣椒、亚麻、香料、葡萄和石榴进入中国”可知此段说的是丝绸之路上物资的贸易。silk是词汇复现。选项E意为:
然而,
丝绸只是在这些路线上交易的许多商品之一。故选E项。
2.
【解析】选B。此处是逻辑线索和代词指代。后一句as
well
表示递进关系,
not
only与as
well
相关联。选项B意为:
古代丝绸之路不仅是为了贸易。They指代the
ancient
silk
routes。故选B项。
3.
【解析】选A。空后举例“Buddhism佛教、Confucianism儒家思想”说明丝绸之路上观念的交流。选项A引出下一句的话题,
意为:
更重要的是,
还交流了观点。故选A项。
4.
【解析】选C。此处是词汇线索。前一句“资本、技术和人员自由流动(flowed
freely)”和选项C中were
widely
shared
意思相关联。选项C意为:
商品、资源和利益被广泛分享。故选C项。
5.
【解析】选D。此处是代词指代线索。
空前一句“然而今天,
这些地方往往与冲突、危机和挑战联系在一起”。选项D中such
state
of
affairs
指代上一句中陈述的状况。选项D意为:
这种状况不应继续下去。故选D项。
主题活动·迁移应用
Ⅰ.
语用功能表达
描写海洋的词汇
sea海;
open
sea远海;
ocean大洋;
inlet小湾;
bay海湾,
湾;
gulf海湾;
cove湾;
cape海角;
promontory,
headland海角,
岬;
cliff悬崖峭壁;
port,
harbour(美作:
harbor)港;
bay,
roadstead碇泊;
sandbank沙滩;
beach海滩;
strait海峡;
isthmus地峡;
reef礁石;
key暗礁;
sandbar沙洲;
tide潮;
wave浪;
undertow回头浪;
tempest风暴;
ground
swell
涌浪;
seaquake海震,
海啸;
lowwater最低水位;
territorial
waters领海,
领水;
ice
floe
冰川;
ice
berg冰山;
shore海岸;
bank河岸;
estuary湖港区;
delta三角洲;
mouth
河口;
current,
watercourse水流;
stream,
brook小溪;
torrent湍流山溪;
rapids急流;
source源头;
spring泉;
bed河床;
flood洪水;
flow泛滥;
swelling,
freshet河水猛涨,
涨水;
basin流域;
tributary支流;
confluent汇合点;
meander河曲;
canal运河;
waterfall,
falls,
cascade瀑布;
cataract大瀑布
Ⅱ.
话题情景交流
Mark:
So
Sorie,
1.
firstly,
talking
about
ocean
sports
and
being
on
the
ocean
(首先,
我们来谈谈海上运动以及在海上游玩).
Maybe
you
could
talk
about
your
ocean
swimming
experience
in
Ogasawara.
?
Sorie:
Yeah,
I
love
swimming.
It’s
so
peaceful
to
be
there
in
the
ocean.
And
the
ocean
in
Ogasawara
was
very
clear
and
2.
meanwhile
you
could
see
so
many
fishes
(并且与此同时,
你可以看到很多鱼类)
and
I’d
love
to
go
swimming
and
immersed
in
the
ocean.
It
was
like
another
world.
It
was
very
beautiful.
But
later
on.
?
Mark:
What
happened?
Sorie:
3.
It
began
when
my
friends
had
come
to
visit
and
so,
we
went
fishing
(这件事发生在我朋友过来看我,
我们去钓鱼的时候).
But
before
they
started
fishing,
I
decided
to
go
for
a
swim.
And
I
swam,
and
I
could
see
all
the
way
to
the
bottom
of
the
ocean.
4.
And
at
that
time,
I
saw
this
fish
but
they
were
actually
not
fish,
they
were
sharks
(在那时候我看到了一种鱼,
其实那并不是鱼,
那是鲨鱼).
They
were
white-tipped
sharks.
?
Mark:
Wow.
Sorie:
There
were
four
of
them
at
the
bottom
of
the
ocean.
And
I
just
remember
that
one
you
have
to
do
is
to
keep
calm.
So
I
did
that.
After
that
I
swam
out.
5.
I
told
my
friends,
“There
are
four
sharks
down
there,
so
get
me
out
of
here”
(我告诉我的朋友们,
“海底有四只鲨鱼,
快带我离开这里”).
So
they
got
me
out
of
there
but
my
heart
was
beating
so
fast.
I
was
so
scared.
?
Mark:
Were
they
dangerous?
Those
sharks?
Sorie:
Well,
they’re
not
dangerous.
They
might
be
able
to
bite
a
finger
off
but
I
didn’t
want
that
to
happen
either.
So
as
soon
as
I
saw
them,
I
came
out
of
the
place.
Yeah,
but
that
was
so
scary.
Mark:
Wow.
Oh,
it
sounds
beautiful
and
amazing
and
dangerous
all
the
same
time.
PAGEUnit
3 Sea
Exploration
新知脉图·素养导引
听歌练音·主题热身
广袤的大海中生活着无数奇异的生命,
海底世界更是五彩缤纷;
Under
the
sea反映了海底生命的自由与快乐。?
注:
听音填空
Under
the
Sea
The
seaweed
is
always
greener
In
somebody
else’s
lake
You
dream
about
going
up
there
But
that
is
a
big
mistake
Just
look
at
the
world
around
you
Right
here
on
the
ocean
floor
Such
wonderful
things
surround
you
What
more
is
you
①looking
for
?
Under
the
sea,
under
the
sea
Darling
it’s
better
down
where
it’s
wetter
Take
it
from
me
Up
on
the
shore
they
②work
all
day?
Out
in
the
sun
they
slave
away
While
we
devoting
full
time
to
floating
Under
the
sea
Down
here
all
the
fish
are
happy
As
off
through
the
waves
they
roll
The
fish
on
the
land
ain’t
happy
They
sad
③because
they
in
the
bowl
But
fish
in
the
bowl
is
lucky
They
in
for
a
worse
fate
One
day
when
the
boss
get
hungry
Guess
who’s
gon’be
on
the
plate
Under
the
sea Under
the
sea
Nobody
beat
us,
fry
us
And
eat
us
in
fricassee
We
what
the
land
folks
loves
to
cook
Under
the
sea
we
④off
the
hook?
We
got
no
troubles,
life
is
the
bubbles
巧辨升降调
英语有五种基本语调:
升调(↗)、降调(↙)、升降调(∧)、降升调(∨)以及平调(→)。一句话除了词汇意义(lexical
meaning)还有语调意义(intonation
meaning),
就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。一句话中语调的相对高度可以包含不同的含义。人们在兴奋、惊讶或感情激动时,
说话的语调就高,
而在相反的情况下,
语调则低。因此,
在听力场合中,
如果一个人的语调明显高于另一个,
或明显低于另一个,
据此就可以推断出该说话人的意思及态度,
确定说话人的感情、口吻、意图等。
【即时训练】
听音频回答问题,
并注意对话中的升降调。
1.
What
is
the
weather
like
now?
A.
Sunny.
B.
Cloudy.
C.
Rainy.
2.
What
does
the
man
want
to
order?
A.
French
fries.
B.
A
large
soft
drink.
C.
A
bacon
sandwich.
3.
Where
is
Jacob
now?
A.
At
home.
B.
At
school.
C.
At
a
supermarket.
答案:
1～3.
BCB
【听力原文】
Text
1
M:
It
is
getting
very
cloudy
outside.
W:
Yes.
And
the
wind
is
picking
up,
too.
It
was
sunny
the
whole
morning.
.
.
Anyway,
don’t
forget
to
take
your
umbrella
with
you
when
you
go
out
later.
Text
2
M:
Hi,
I
will
take
one
of
your
bacon
sandwiches,
please.
W:
Sure.
Would
you
like
to
make
it
a
meal?
A
meal
comes
with
French
fries
and
a
large
soft
drink.
M:
No,
just
the
sandwich,
please.
Text
3
W:
Hi,
Jacob,
it’s
mom.
I’m
having
a
busy
day
at
the
office
today,
and
I
think
I
will
probably
be
home
late.
Do
you
mind
picking
up
some
vegetables
after
school?
M:
Sure,
Mom.
I
will
stop
by
the
supermarket
on
my
way
home
later.
歌词译文:
《海底世界》
别人家的海草
永远比自家的绿
你梦寐以求要上陆地
这绝对是个大错误
看看你周围的世界
就是你脚下的海底
有如此好的东西在身边
你还在找什么呢
在海底,
在海底
有水的地方才有甜蜜
相信这道理
在岸上
他们整天奔波
在烈日下的人
奴隶般忙活
而我们海底的生灵
整天游来游去不用干活
海里的鱼儿真快乐
在浪花里打着筋斗
陆地上的鱼就悲剧了
它们困在鱼缸里无处可走
鱼在鱼缸里还算幸运的
但残酷的命运逃不了
哪天它们主人嘴馋了
成为盘中餐是迟早
在海底
在海底
不挨打
不挨炸
没人对我们动刀叉
陆地的家伙爱烹调
我们留在海底不上钩
我们没有麻烦
生活就是在海底吐泡泡
PAGE
