2021届高三英语二轮(新高考)复习专项导练学案：非谓语动词word版有答案

2021届高三英语二轮(新高考)复习专项导练：非谓语动词
非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，同时还要注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来，新高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
一、非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语
①表示原因（多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后），如：
We
were
very
excited
to
hear
the
news.
②表示目的（可用so
as
to/in
order
to替换，但so
as
to一般不可置于句首），如：
To
get
there
on
time
I
got
up
very
early.
③表示结果（常表出乎意料的结果，常为only
to
do），如：
He
rushed
to
school
only
to
find
there
was
nobody
there.
2.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
（1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
如：Not
knowing
what
to
do,
he
went
to
his
parents
for
help.
（2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
如：Given
more
attention,
the
trees
could
have
grown
better.
（3）部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed
in（沉溺于）、born
in（出身于）、dressed
in（穿着）、tired
of（厌烦了）等。
如：Lost/Absorbed
in
deep
thought,
he
didn’t
hear
the
sound.
他陷入深深的思考中，没有听到声音。
二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语
1.非谓语动词作主语
Laughing
helps
your
body
stay
healthy
and
can
even
help
you
fight
pain.（动名词作主语）
To
see
is
to
believe.（不定式作主语）
It
is
important
to
respect
people.（不定式短语作主语，It作形式主语）
It
is
no
use
crying
over
spilt
milk.（动名词短语作主语，It作形式主语）
2.非谓语动词作表语
（1）动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答what引导的问句。
（2）不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。
3.非谓语动词作宾语：主要是不定式和动名词
①afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。
②appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。
③以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。
动词
+v-ing作宾语
+to
do作宾语
remember
记得曾做过某事
记得要做某事
forget
忘记曾做过某事
忘记要做某事
try
尝试做某事
努力做某事
regret
对做过的事表示后悔
对要做的事表示遗憾
mean
意味着做某事
企图/打算做某事
can’t
help
禁不住做某事
不能帮助做某事
go
on
继续做未完成的事
做完一件事后，接着做另一件事
stop
中断正在做的事
中断正在做的事，去做别的事
三、非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。
You
are
the
third
one
to
enter
the
room.（主谓关系）
I
have
something
important
to
say.（动宾关系）
He
has
no
opportunity
to
go
abroad.（同位关系）
2.动名词作定语多前置，表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。
a
reading
room＝a
room
for
reading
3.现在分词作定语表主动和进行，可转换为定语从句。
The
question
being
discussed(＝which
is
being
discussed)
now
is
important.
4.过去分词作定语表被动和完成，也可转换为定语从句。
The
question
discussed(＝which
was
discussed)
yesterday
is
important.
四、非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式
1.非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。如：
He
pretended
not
to
see
me.
Not
having
tried
his
best,
he
failed
in
the
exam.
2.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。
①当谓语动词表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。如：
The
boy
pretended
to
be
working
hard.
②当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。如：
I
happened
to
have
seen
the
film.
当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。如：
③The
patient
asked
to
be
operated
on
at
once.
3.动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。
We
remembered
having
seen
the
film.
He
came
to
the
party
without
being
invited.
He
forgot
having
been
taken
to
Guangzhou
when
he
was
five
years
old.
His
not
knowing
English
troubled
him
a
lot.
4.现在分词的完成式和被动式。
①当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式。如：
Having
done
his
homework,
he
played
basketball.
②当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。如：
The
problem
being
discussed
is
very
important.
Having
been
told
many
times,
the
naughty
boy
made
the
same
mistake.
单句语法填空
1.（2020·全国II卷）They
represent
the
earth
(come)
back
to
life
and
best
wishes
for
new
beginnings.
2.（2020·全国II卷）They
make
great
gifts
and
you
see
them
many
times
(decorate)
with
red
envelopes
and
messages
of
good
fortune.
3.（2020·全国II卷）They
are
easy
(care)
for
and
make
great
presents.
4.（2020·全国III卷）The
next
morning
he
hired
a
boat
and
set
out
(find)
the
well-known
painter.
5.（2020·全国III卷）
And
when
he
saw
the
mists
rising
from
the
river
and
the
soft
clouds
(surround)
the
mountain
tops,
he
was
reduced
to
tears.
6.（2019·全国II卷）When
we
got
a
call
______(say)she
was
short-listed,
we
thought
it
was
a
joke.
7.（2019·全国I卷）Scientists
have
responded
by
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements.
8.（2019·浙江卷）When
the
children
are
walking
or
______(cycle)
to
school
on
dark
mornings,
car
drivers
can
easily
see
them.
9.（2019·浙江卷）But
some
students
didn’t
want
(wear)
the
uniform.
10.（2019·全国III）On
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay,
we
were
invited
to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars,
__________(listen)
to
musicians
and
meeting
interesting
locals.
11.
Peter
was
so
excited
when
he
received
an
invitation
from
his
friend
(visit)
Chongqing.
12.
He
gave
a
lame
excuse
for
(absent)
which
made
him
very
embarrassed.
13.
When
the
moon
had
risen,
we
lay
on
the
grass,
listening
to
the
wind
(whisper)
in
the
trees.
14.
Helen
was
kinder
to
her
youngest
son,
which
made
the
others
(envy)
him.
15.
I
like
getting
up
very
early
in
the
morning
because
the
morning
air
is
so
good
(breathe).
16.
The
man
________(circulate)
the
fake
news
that
18
firefighters
lost
their
lives
in
the
explosion
was
arrested.
17.
The
little
boy
stared
at
the
strange
man
questioningly,
not
________(know)
whether
to
believe
what
he
had
said.
18.
Facial
recognition
technology
is
working
well
at
tourist
attractions
around
China,
________(reduce)
the
time
people
spend
standing
in
lines
at
entries
or
security
check.
19.
Actors
should
be
good
observers,
watching
people’s
body
language
and
speaking
style,
________(transmit)
and
this
into
their
own
abilities
to
progress
in
acting.
20.
We
had
better
put
off
interviewing
the
athlete,
for
he
is
busy
preparing
for
an
international
contest
________(hold)
in
Shanghai
next
month.
语法填空
Chopsticks
play
an
important
role
in
Chinese
food
culture.
They
21
(call)
“Zhu”
in
ancient
times
in
China.
Chinese
people
have
been
using
them
for
more
than
3,000
years.
Wood
or
bamboo
chopsticks
are
the
most
popular
ones
used
in
Chinese
homes,
22
can
be
dated
to
about
1,000
years
23
(early)
than
ivory(象牙)
chopsticks.
There
are
a
few
things
24
(avoid)
when
using
chopsticks.
Chinese
people
usually.
Don’t
beat
their
bowls
while
25
(eat),
since
the
behavior
used
to
be
practiced
by
beggars.
Also
don’t
put
chopsticks
in
a
bowl
upright
because
it
is
a
custom
only
used
in
sacrifices(祭祀).
26
is
common
in
China
for
everyone
to
use
their
own
chopsticks
for
getting
food
from
the
27
(dish)
on
the
table.
If
you
prefer,
serving
chopsticks
28
(be)
provided.
Besides,
don’t
be
embarrassed
by
using
chopsticks
29
(poor).
What
matters
is
that
you
enjoy
the
food.
Food
is
30
great
importance
in
Chinese
culture,
and
the
Chinese
is
such
a
practical
person
that
all
around
you
will
most
likely
be
fine
with
whatever
method
you
use
to
eat.
语法填空
The
wildfires
in
Australia
became
considerably
worse
in
January,
2020.
The
disaster
faced
by
31
country
is
far
from
over.
Many
of
the
fires
32
(send)
smoke
high
into
the
atmosphere
and
some
smoke
turned
into
pyro
cumulonimbus
clouds.
The
clouds
can
help
a
fire
draw
in
more
air
and
shift
surface
winds,
33
(result)
in
fire
tornadoes(龙卷风).
Fires
have
destroyed
habitats
for
animals
that
34
(find)
only
in
Australia,
including
koalas
and
rare
birds.
It
will
take
time
to
fully
know
how
much
harm
the
fires
have
done
35
wildlife.
The
wildfires
are
expected
36
(continue)
burning
for
months
as
Australia
entered
its
dry
season.
This
past
year,
2019,
is
the
hottest
and
driest
year
on
record.
Fires
happen
37
(regular)
during
the
Australian
dry
season.
However,
climate
and
natural
changes
are
making
the
situation
38
(bad).
At
least
12
million
acres
have
been
burned
so
far
in
Victoria
and
New
South
Wales
alone.
Smoke
from
the
fires
has
made
39
to
South
America.
There
is
so
much
smoke
that
it
may
stay
in
the
air
for
months
40
could
have
an
effect
on
the
planet’s
climate.
语法填空
A
Fuchsia
Dunlop
decided
to
visit
China
after
reading
articles
about
the
country
for
several
months.
The
one-month
backpacking
trip
exposed
the
English
woman
41
a
wide
range
of
Chinese
food.
“The
dishes
and
soups
I
had
even
in
the
cheapest
and
plain
eateries
were
better
than
42
I
had
in
the
U.K.,”
Dunlop
recalled.
The
last
stop
of
her
trip
was
Chengdu,
43
capital
of
southwest
China’s
Sichuan
Province.
Dunlop
learned
from
friends
that
Sichuan
food
represents
one
of
China’s
44
(good)
cuisines,
and
when
the
spicy
flavor
of
Sichuan
pepper
exploded
in
her
mouth,
something
inside
her
changed
forever.
After
she
returned
to
London,
Dunlop
made
the
decision
to
study
in
China
at
Sichuan
University.
When
she
wrote
down
“studying
Chinese
45
(policy)
on
ethnic
groups”
on
the
46
(apply)
form
as
the
reason
for
a
scholarship,
what
she
really
had
in
mind
were
Sichuan
dishes.
Her
journey
eventually
led
her
to
become
the
most
knowledgeable
English
person
on
Chinese
food.
She
47
(write)
many
books
on
Chinese
cuisine
since,
including
Shark’s
Fin
and
Sichuan
Pepper,
which
was
translated
into
Chinese
in
2018.
According
to
Chen
Xiaoqing,
48
(know)
for
directing
the
documentary
of
A
Bite
of
China,
Dunlop
is
the
most
insightful
foreign
writer
who
49
(vivid)
describes
Chinese
cuisine
in
an
exciting
and
accurate
way.
What
she
presents
to
the
readers
is
not
just
food,
but
also
the
profound
traditions
and
tremendous
changes
50
(occur)
in
the
country
behind
the
flavors.
B
Most
of
us
have
recently
experienced
quarantine(隔离)
to
minimize
the
risk
of
meeting
somebody
who
may
be
carrying
the
virus.
It
is
certain
51
being
under
quarantine
is
no
fun.
However,
with
our
access
to
food,
52
(deliver)
services
and
the
entertainment
53
(offer)
by
the
internet,
we’re
actually
very
lucky.
Let’s
take
a
quick
look
at
the
history
of
quarantines.
The
idea
of
quarantining
sick
people
dates
54
ancient
times.
Yet
the
word
“quarantine”
first
came
into
use
in
the
14th
century
Europe
during
the
Black
Death.
People
were
dropping
like
flies
from
the
mysterious
disease,
and
as
the
death
toll
climbed
into
the
millions
—
eventually
killing
55
(approximate)
half
of
the
European
population,
cities
began
to
take
56
(measure)
to
protect
their
citizens.
The
port
city
of
Venice,
Italy,
was
an
important
trading
center
with
ships
57
(come)
from
all
corners
of
the
Earth
every
day.
If
a
ship
58
(suspect)
to
be
harboring
the
plague(瘟疫),
it
was
sent
to
59
offshore
quarantine
and
ordered
to
wait
there
for
40
days
when
those
abroad
either
recovered,
or
60
(likely),
died.
The
waiting
period
gave
rise
to
the
term
quarantinario,
from
the
Italian
word
for
40.
参考答案
一、单句语法填空
1.【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句为they
represent
the
earth
and
best
wishes，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，且the
earth与come
back为主谓关系，可知此处需填现在分词，作the
earth的宾语补足语，强调一段时间内正在进行的动作，故填coming。
2.【答案】decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句为you
see
them，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，them代指前文orange
trees，与decorate为动宾关系，可知应用过去分词，作后置定语，故填decorated。
3.【答案】to
care
【解析】考查非谓语动词。sth.
is
easy
to
do，表示某事容易……，且此处为动词不定式表示被动，故填to
care。
4.【答案】to
find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示出发去做某事应用短语set
out
to
do
sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to
find。
5.【答案】surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the
soft
clouds
(surround)
the
mountain
tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
6.【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
7.【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
8.【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
9.【答案】to
wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want
to
do
sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to
wear。
10.【答案】listening
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were
invited”，所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting
interesting
locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
11.【答案】to
visit
【解析】考查不定式。句意：当彼特的朋友邀请他参观重庆时，他是如此激动。动词不定式to
visit限定invitation做后置定语。故填to
visit。
12.【答案】being
absent
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他找了个站不住脚的理由来解释缺席的原因，这使他很尴尬。be
absent表示缺席，且作介词for的宾语，应用动名词短语being
absent，故填being
absent。
13.【答案】whispering
【解析】考查非谓语形式。句意：当月亮已经升起，我们躺在草地上，倾听风在树上低语。名词wind与whisper是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填whispering。
14.【答案】envy
【解析】考查省略to的动词不定式。句意：海伦对她的最小的儿子比对其他的孩子要好得多，这使其他的人很是嫉妒。make
sb.do
sth.表示让某人做某事，使役动词make后跟省略不定式符号to的不定式，作宾语补足语。故填envy。
15.【答案】to
breathe
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢早起，因为早晨的空气呼吸起来感觉很好。breathe和air之间虽然是动宾关系，但good后省略了for
me，其逻辑主语是I，故用动词不定式的主动形式。故填to
breathe。
16.【答案】circulating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：传播18名火警在爆炸中丧生了的这条假消息的人被逮捕了。传播假消息与the
man是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语，故填circulating。
17.【答案】knowing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小男孩疑惑地盯着这个陌生人，不知道自己是否该相信他说的话。little
boy与know之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填knowing正确。
18.【答案】reducing
【解析】考查现在分词做结果状语。句意：人脸识别技术在中国各地的旅游景点运行良好，减少了人们在入口处或安检处排队的时间。此处是现在分词最自然的结果状语，故答案为reducing。
19.【答案】transmitting
【解析】考查现在分词做伴随状语。句意：演员应该是很好的观察者，观察人们的肢体语言和说话风格，并将其转化为自己的能力，从而在表演上取得进步。此处句子主语Actors和transform之间是主动关系，是现在分词做伴随状语，与watching并列，故答案为transmitting。
20.【答案】to
be
held
【解析】考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语。句意：我们最好推迟采访这位运动员，因为他正忙于准备下个月在上海举行的国际比赛。此处contest和hold之间是一种被动关系，这里是动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语，故填to
be
held。
语法填空
【答案】
21.
were
called
22.
which
23.
earlier
24.
to
avoid
25.
eating
26.
It
27.
dishes
28.
is/will
be
29.
poorly
30.
of
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了有关筷子的历史和文化。
21.考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：他们在中国古代被称为“箸”。主语和谓语之间是被动关系，又因为本句讲述的是过去的事情，故填were
called。
22.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：木筷或竹筷是中国家庭使用最普遍的筷子，比象牙筷要早1000年左右。根据句子结构可知，该空是非限制性定语从句的关系词，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物，故填which。
23.考查副词比较级。句意：木筷或竹筷是中国家庭使用最普遍的筷子，比象牙筷要早1000年左右。根据本句中的than，此空填形容词的比较级，故填earlier。
24.考查不定式。句意：使用筷子时有几件事要避免。to
avoid是后置定语，修饰a
few
things。故填to
avoid。
25.考查现在分词。句意：吃饭时不要敲碗，因为这种行为过去是乞丐常做的。eat和主句主语people在逻辑上存在主动关系，故填eating。
26.考查形式主语。句意：在中国，每个人都用自己的筷子从桌上的盘子里取食物是很常见的。It
is
common
for
sb.
to
do
sth.句型，此空为句首，故填It。
27.考查名词单复数。句意：在中国，每个人都用自己的筷子从桌上的盘子里取食物是很常见的。餐桌上的菜肴不止一种，故此空填复数形式dishes。
28.考查一般现在时或一般将来时。句意：如果您想的话，我们也会提供筷子。主语和谓语之间是被动关系，且该动作可以是通常性的动作，也可以是将来某一时间的动作。If引导的条件状语从句，主句将来时，从句一般现在时。故填is/will
be。
29.考查副词做状语。句意：另外，不要因为不会用筷子而感到尴尬。副词修饰动词，故填poorly。
30.考查介词。句意：在中国文化中，食物是非常重要的，而中国人非常务实，无论你用什么方法吃饭，你周围的人都不会介意。be
of
great
importance
=be
important，意为重要的，故填介词of。
语法填空
【答案】
31.
the
32.
sent
33.
resulting
34.
are
found
35.
to
36.
to
continue
37.
regularly
38.
worse
39.
it
40.
which
【解析】这是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的森林大火在2020年1月变得更加严重，同时火灾产生的烟雾又引发了火灾龙卷风。文章说明了这次大火对澳大利亚的破坏和影响。
31.考查冠词。country为可数名词，此处特指上文Australia，应用定冠词。故填the。
32.考查动词时态。根据后文and
some
smoke
turned
into
pyro
cumulonimbus
clouds可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成主动关系。故填sent。
33.考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，result在句中作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填resulting。
34.考查动词时态及语态。本句主语animals与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数。故填are
found。
35.考查介词。句意：要完全了解火灾对野生动物造成了多大的伤害还需要时间。结合句意表示“对于”，应用介词to。故填to。
36.考查非谓语动词。根据短语be
expected
to
do
sth.表示预计，后跟不定式。故填to
continue。
37.考查副词。修饰动词happen，应用副词regularly，表示频繁地。故填regularly。
38.考查比较级。句意：然而，气候和自然变化使情况变得更糟。结合句意表示“更糟”应用比较级形式。故填worse。
39.考查代词。根据短语make
it
to表示到达。故填it。
40.考查定语从句。句意：烟雾如此之多，可能会在空气中停留数月之久，这可能会对地球的气候产生影响。此处为非限定性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which。故填which。
【点拨】
当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词（表一般意义）或不定式形式（表具体意义）；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如see/hear/notice
sb.do/doing
sth.，spend
doing
sth.等。具体解题技巧如下：
第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。
第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用?ing形式或不定式，在enjoy，finish等动词后作宾语用?ing形式，在decide，refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。
第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。
第四步：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。
语法填空
A
【答案】
41.
to
42.
what
43.
the
44.
best
45.
policies
46.
application
47.
has
written
48.
known
49.
vividly
50.
occurring
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了英国女士邓洛普在中国的美食之旅。
41.考查固定短语。句意：为期一个月的背包旅行让这位英国女士接触到了各种各样的中国食物。expose...to表示使接触、暴露于，故填to。
42.考查宾语从句。句意：即使是在最便宜的普通餐馆里，我点的菜和汤也比我在英国吃的要好。此处为宾语从句，从句中的had缺少宾语，故填what。
43.考查定冠词。句意：她此行的最后一站是中国西南部四川省的省会成都。the
capital
of表示“……的省会”，应该用the表特指，故填the。
44.考查形容词最高级。句意：邓洛普从朋友那里得知川菜是中国最好的菜系之一。one
of后的名词常用形容词最高级修饰，故填best。
45.考查名词复数。句意：当她在申请表上写下“学习中国民族政策”作为申请奖学金的理由时，她真正想的是川菜。policy当“政策、方针”讲时是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故填policies。
46.考查名词。根据句意可知此处用名词作定语，application
form表示申请表，故填application。
47.考查时态。句意：从那以后，她写了许多关于中国烹饪的书。此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，故填has
written。
48.考查非谓语动词。句意：以执导纪录片《舌尖上的中国》而出名的陈晓卿说邓洛普是最有洞察力的外国作家，她生动、准确地描述了中国美食。be
known
for表示“因……而出名”，此处去掉be作定语，故填known。
49.考查副词。修饰动词describes用副词，故填vividly。
50.考查非谓语动词。句意：她所呈现给读者的不仅仅是食物，还有这个国家在美食背后深刻的传统和正在发生的巨大的变化。changes与occur之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作后置定语，故填occurring。
B
【答案】
51.
that
52.
delivery
53.
offered
54.
from
55.
approximately
56.
measures
ing
58.
was
suspected
59.
an
60.
more
likely
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了隔离感染病毒的人的想法是如何产生的，它源于14世纪欧洲的黑死病，为保护人们的生命，城市采取了隔离措施。
51.考查主语从句的连接词。句意：可以肯定的是，隔离是没有乐趣的。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，it是形式主语，从句中语意和成分都是完整的，应使用that引导主语从句。故填that。
52.考查名词。句意：但是，幸运的是，我们可以通过互联网订购食物，还可以享受互联网提供的送货服务和娱乐服务。deliver的名词作定语修饰services，意为“送货服务”，它是不可数名词，不需要变复数。故填delivery。
53.考查过去分词。offer在句子中不是谓语动词，entertainment承受offer的动作，因此offer使用过去分词。此处为“with+名词+过去分词”的结构。故填offered。
64.考查固定短语。句意：隔离病人的想法可以追溯到远古时代。date
from是固定短语，意为“追溯到”。故填from。
55.考查副词。句意：人们在这种神秘疾病中像苍蝇一样死去，死亡人数攀升至数百万，最终造成约一半欧洲人口丧生，城市开始采取措施保护其公民。approximate的副词在句子中作状语修饰killing。故填approximately。
56.考查名词的数。take
measures是固定短语，意为“采取措施”，measure（措施）是可数名词。故填measures。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意：意大利的港口城市威尼斯是重要的贸易中心，每天都有来自地球各个角落的船只。此处为“with+名词+现在分词”的结构，ships发出come的动作，因此come应该使用现在分词的形式。故填coming。
58.考查时态和语态。句意：如果怀疑有船感染了瘟疫，则将其送到离岸隔离区，并下令在那里等待40天，以等待其康复或死亡。本句描述的是过去的事情，从句的谓语动词使用一般过去时，主语a
ship为单数意义，动词使用单数形式并且主语承受suspect的动作，因此suspect还要使用被动语态。故填was
suspected。
59.考查冠词。此处表示泛指意义，“一个离岸隔离区”，offshore是以元音音素开头的单词，应使用不定冠词an。故填an。
60.考查副词的比较级。either和or连接的词语recovered和died具有相反的意义，感染瘟疫的人是很可能死去的，此处使用比较级表示死亡的可能性之大。故填more
likely。
4