人教版英语Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth! SectionA (Grammar-4a-4c)课时方案设计

Unit 13 We are trying to save the earth.
Section A (Grammar Focus &4a-4c)
教材来源: 初中九年级《英语》教科书/人民教育出版社2013年版
内容来源: 九年级《英语(全一册)》第十三单元
主 题: We are trying to save the earth.
课 时: 共八课时, 第三课时
授课对象: 九年级学生
课标要求：
《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》五级语言知识分级标准：
语法：1. 理解附录“语法项目表”中所列语法项目，并能在特定语境中使用。
2. 了解常用语言形式的基本结构和常用表意功能。
3. 在实际运用中，体会和领悟语言形式的表意功能。
4. 理解并运用恰当的语言形式描述人和物；描述具体事件和具体行为的发生、发展过程；描述时间、地点及方位；比较人、物体及事物等。
学习目标:
1. 通过自主预习能正确识记与本课有关的生词、短语和句型结构，为语法项目的归纳复习和巩固训练做好准备。通过观看主题图，能正确描述有关环境问题的话题，感知语法。
2.通过观察、对比、发现和归纳等语法探究活动，了解现在进行时、used to、现在完成时、 被动语态和情态动词等语言形式的基本结构用法和常用表达含义，并能在表达有关环境污染和环境保护的语境中体会和领悟其表意功能。
3.通过小组讨论活动，能正确运用本单元语法项目列举保护环境的方式，并能对他人的想法表达意见。
评价任务和标准（满分100分）
指向学习目标一：(共54分)
1.预习检测（一、）：能准确背出短语和翻译句子，短语、句子每个各1分，满分8+9分。 （师评、互评、自评）
2.观图表达和填空（二、）：能根据图片信息和句意正确填空，每空1分，满分37分。（师评、生评）
指向学习目标二 (共20分)
3.语法探究运用（三、四、五）：能正确填空，每空1分，满分11+9分。 （师评、互评、自评）
指向学习目标三 (共6分)
4.小组讨论和对话（六）：能正确和流利地列举并进行对话，满分6分。（师评、组评、自评）
指向学习目标一二三 (共20分)
5. 检测（七）：能正确填空，每空0.5分，能完成短文，每空1分，满分20分。 （师评、互评、自评）
学习过程：
一、Check the preview
1. Look at p100, put the following into English orally, then write them down without looking at the text.
(1)承担不起（后果）；买不起 _____________ (2) 可重复使用的包_________________
(3)公共交通__________________ (4)参加（群众性活动、会议等）_______________
(5)关掉____________ (6)付费；付出代价____________ (7)采取行动_______________
(8)帮助…摆脱困难/排忧解难_________
(can’t afford； reusable bags; public transportation; take part in; turn off; pay for; take action; help out.)
2.Try to translate the sentences into Chinese orally by working with a group.
(1) We’re trying to save the earth.
(2) The river used to be so clean.
(3) The air is badly polluted.
(4) No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.
(5) We should help save the sharks.
(6) Have you ever taken part in an environmental project?
(7) We can’t afford to wait any longer to take actions!
(8) You should also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags.
(9)I think that everyone should use public transportation.
评价标准：能准确背出短语和翻译句子，短语、句子每个各1分。满分16分。
你的得分： （师评、互评、自评） 修改错的短语：
修改错的句子：
二、View the pictures, understand them and introduce what it is about by answering the following questions:
1.What did the river use to be like? What is it like now?
2.What is causing the problem?
3.How should the problem be solved?

Try to complete the passage according to the pictures and questions above:
The river ______ ______be very clean, but now it is full of rubbish and dead fish. Because people ______(throw) rubbish into the river, and factories ______ (put) waste into it. The river ______(pollute) badly, it______(become) very dirty. We ______(ask) the government to close down the factories and stop people from throwing litter into the river. Everyone ______ （play）a part in cleaning it up.
(used ;to; are throwing; are putting; is polluted; has become; should ask; should play; 8分)
View the other pictures and complete the charts below them:

_______ pollution
What is the problem? It used to clean, but now there is too much_____ and_____. It has been very _______ here and there.
What is causing the problem?
People are ____ _____things in public places. They’re using too many disposable（一次性的）_______ and bowls and _______bags.
What should we do?
We should ______ rubbish ______the bins. It’s everyone’s duty to _______ public places clean and beautiful.
(land, rubbish , waste, dirty , throwing away, chopsticks, plastic, throw, in, keep. 11分)

_______ pollution
What is the problem? The air used to be nice and clean, but now it is badly _______.
What is causing the problem?
There are more ____ on the road. Factories that burn coal has also ______the air with a lot of black _______.
What should we do? We should ____ the bus or subway, _____ the bikes instead of _____cars.
(air, polluted, cars, polluted, smoke, take, ride, driving. 8分)

_______ pollution
What is the problem? It ____ ____ be very quiet, but now there is too much__________.
What is causing the problem? There are ______ ______cars and planes these days.
How should the problem be solved? We_____ ____ the bus or subway, _____ the bikes instead of _____.
(noise, used to, noise, too much, should take, ride, driving. 10分)
评价标准：能根据图片信息和句意正确填空，每空1分，满分37分。
你的得分： （师评、自评）
【一至二是指向学习目标一的学习活动和评价-------通过自主预习能正确识记与本课有关的生词、短语和句型结构，为语法项目的归纳复习和巩固训练做好准备。通过观看主题图，能正确描述有关环境问题的话题，感知语法。】
三、Inquiry into knowledge by translation翻译探究
1. Read the sentences in the chart and translate them into Chinese, then discuss in groups.
We’re trying to save the earth. Present progressive
The river used to be so clean. used to
The air is badly polluted. Passive voice
No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. Present perfect
We should help save the sharks. Modal verbs
Task 1讨论现在进行时：现在进行时的结构是什么？标志词有哪些？现在分词有哪些构成规则？
Task 2讨论现在完成时：现在完成时的结构是什么？标志词有哪些？过去分词有哪些构成规则？
Task 3 讨论被动语态：被动语态的构成是什么？一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和情态动词的被动语态的结构是什么？
Task 4 讨论used to 的用法：used to表示什么意思？后接什么？否定句和一般疑问句的形式是什么？used to 和be used to 的区别是什么？
Task 5 讨论常见的情态动词有哪些？情态动词的基本用法有哪些？
2. Summary
（一、）Present progressive现在进行时：表示（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，也可以表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
现在进行时的句型结构：主语 + be(am/is/are) + v.ing (动词的现在分词)
时间状语或标志性词汇：now, right now, Look, Listen,。
现在分词的构成：1.一般情况下在动词词尾加-ing。2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing。
3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母，再加-ing。
Eg.（1）Now people are taking action to save wild animals. Let’s join them.
（2）Look! Kenny is swimming happily in the pool.
（3）Be quiet, please. The baby is sleeping.
（二、）used to结构的用法：
仔细观察例句，体会句中use的形式变化及用法。
1. The river used to be so clean!
2. You didn't use to eat chips when you were younger.
3. Did you use to play the piano?
used to是固定结构，是一般过去时的一种形式，后面跟动词原形。used to do意为“过去常常做”，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不发生或不存在。used to 的否定句是didn’t use to, 一般疑问句的形式是Did +主语+use to…?
和used to do结构相似的表达还有：be/get/become used to sth./ doing sth.和 be used to do.
（1) be/get/become used to sth./ doing sth.意为“习惯于（做）……”
My grandfather is used to going (go) for a walk after dinner. 我爷爷习惯晚饭后去散步。
（2) be used to do意为“被用来做”， 是被动语态，相当于be used for doing.
Wood can be used to make (make) paper.木头能用来造纸。
（二、）Passive voice被动语态：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主题结构是：be+及物动词的过去分词
e.g. A new school was built last year. Our classroom is cleaned every day.
被动语态的几种结构：
（1) 一般现在时：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词
I am asked （ask）to the party today.
（2) 一般过去时：was/were+及物动词的过去分词
I was asked（ask） to the party last night.
（3) 含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。
I may be asked（may ask）to the party today.
He will be invited (invite)to attend the meeting next week.
（三、）Present perfect现在完成时：表示动作发生在过去，并对现在有影响。
仔细观察例句，体会句中动词的变化及所用的时态：
1. No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.
2. Mary has been ill for three days.
现在完成时的用法：1. 表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2. 表示从过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
现在完成时的句型结构：主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词
时间状语：already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice, recently, so far, for+时间段，since+表过去的时间点/从句等。
Eg. I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完我的家庭作业了。
过去分词的构成：1.一般情况下，在动词后加-ed。2.在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d。3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加-ed。4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。
5.不规则动词的过去分词：AAA型（put）；AAB型（beat）；ABA型（become）；ABB型(get)； ABC型(begin)。
（四、）情态动词：用来表示能力、应该、请求等，后接动词原形。
考点一：考查表示“能力”的情态动词。
1. -- your Australian friend eat with chopsticks?
--Yes, but she can't use them well.
A. Should B. Need C. Can D. Must
2. --Could your father play golf when he was young?
--No, he . But he play table tennis.
A. couldn't; could B. needn't; might
C. mustn't; should D. shouldn't; need
【考点点拨】
情态动词can表示“能力”时，与be able to同义，其否定形式为can't. can表示现在的能力，其过去式could表示过去的能力。
考点二：考查表示“应该”的情态动词。
1. You study hard if you want to be a scientist in the future.
A. may B. should C. would D. could
【考点点拨】
情态动词should表示“应该”，should的否定形式为shouldn't。
考点三：考查表示“请求、许可”的情态动词及其回答。
1. -- I borrow your math book?
--Sure. Here you are.
A. Need B. Will C. May D. Must
【考点点拨】
当“May/Can/Could. . . ”表示“请求；许可”时，could在表示“请求；许可”时语气更委婉。肯定回答常用“Yes, please. ”/“Certainly. ”等，否定回答常用“No, you can't”等。
考点四：考查表示“推测”的情态动词。
1. --I saw Lily in the supermarket this morning.
-- Oh, it her. She moved to Australia the day before yesterday.
A. can be B. must be C. can't be D. mustn't be
2. After a long walk , the children be very tired now.
A. will B. must C. have to D. can
【考点点拨】
may, can, must都可表“推测”。may和must表“推测”常用于肯定句中，can表“推测”常用于否定句和疑问句中。
考点五：考查 “must”和“have to”的用法。
must意为“必须”， 强调主观看法。对must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用“must”， 否定回答常用needn't/don’t have to。mustn't意为“一定不要；禁止”。
have to意为“不得不；必须”，强调客观情况下需要做某事，有人称、数和时态的变化。
四、4a Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Joe: ________you ever________ (take) part in an environmental project?
Ken: Yes, I have. I__________ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was___________ (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city________ ever________ (have).
Joe: How many people___________ (take) part?
Ken: I ___________(think) more than 1,000 people _________(come) to help out.
Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is________ (try) to improve the environment.
Ken: Yes, we can't afford to __________(wait) any longer to take action!
Let’s check the answers.
（Have, taken, helped, considered, had had, took, think, came, trying, wait ）
评价标准：能用所给动词的正确形式填空，每空1分，满分11分。
你的得分： （师评、自评）
五、Now read 4b . Fill in the blanks with the appropriate model verbs from the box. 4b
can, would, could, have to, should, must, may/might
People__________ think that big things ____________be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you _________save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _________also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think it's a great idea that you now _______pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you________ ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you_________ take the bus. All these small things _________add up and become big things that__________ improve the environment. Let's take action now!
Let’s check the answers.
(would, must/should, could/should, could/should, have to, could, could, may/might, can.)
评价标准：能选择适当的情态动词填空，每空1分，满分9分。
你的得分： （师评、自评）
【三至五是指向学习目标二的学习活动和评价-------通过观察、对比、发现和归纳等语法探究活动，了解现在进行时、used to、现在完成时、 被动语态和情态动词等语言形式的基本结构用法和常用表达含义，并能在表达有关环境污染和环境保护的语境中体会和领悟其表意功能。】
六、 4c Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.
A: I think that people/everyone should….
B: I agree. /I disagree. It’s…for … to do…
评价标准：能正确和流利地列举三项并进行三个话轮的对话，5-6分；能正确和流利地列举两项并进行两个话轮的对话，3-4分；能正确和流利地列举一项并进行一个话轮的对话，1-2分；不能正确和流利地列举和表达，0分。满分6分。
你的得分： （师评、组评、自评）
【六是指向学习目标三的学习活动和评价-------通过小组讨论活动，能正确运用本单元语法项目列举保护环境的方式，并能对他人的想法表达意见。】
七、Test yourself.
I. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。(每空0.5分，共10分)
1. 她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。
She_____ _____ _____ _____with friends on weekends. (used to hang out)
2.我们应该在离开房间时关上灯。
We ______ ______ ______the lights when we leave a room. (should turn off)
他们习惯了早起，而且从未上学迟到过。
They _____ _____ _____ _____ up early and _____ never _____ late for school. (are used to getting; have been)
3. 政府正采取行动保护环境。
The government ______ ______ ______ ______protect the environment. (are taking action to)
4. 河流被污染的很厉害，我们等不起。
The river is badly ______ and we ______ ______ to wait. (polluted, can’t afford)
II. 用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空。(每空1分，共10分)
Save the Sharks!
Many _______(hear) of shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is especially popular in southern China. But do you realize that you________(kill) a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup?
When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. Without a fin, a shark can no longer _______(swim) and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.
Many believe that sharks can never ________(endanger)because they are the strongest in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks_______(catch) and_______(trade) in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks ________（fall）by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, ________(teach) the public about “finning”. They ______ even ______(ask) governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. So far, no scientific studies _______(show) that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them? Help save the sharks!
（have heard, are killing, swim, be endangered, are caught, traded, have fallen, are teaching, have asked, have shown. ） …
你的得分
教师奖励(附加分)
你本节课的收获
需要改进的地方

作业 Less than 80 points:
You must：1.Read and remember the new words and phrases in this lesson and the sentences in Grammar Focus. ( ★ )
2. Recite or retell the passage in 4d. ( ★ ★ )
More than 80 points:
If you can：1. Write a letter to the city mayor about the environmental problems and your suggestions.( ★ ★ ★ )
2.Preview Section B.
【七是指向学习目标一、二、三的学习活动和评价】