湖南省2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习 第六讲 动词的时态（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第六讲
动词的时态
【知识梳理】
一、七大时态的构成和用法
时态
基本结构及时间标志词
常见用法及例句
一般现在时
结构
主语+be+其它主语+动词原形/动词三单形式+其它
(1)表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与频率副词或时间状语连用I
often
go
to
school
by
bike.(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理The
earth
goes
around
the
sun.(3)用在以if,
unless,
as
soon
as,
when等引导的条件和时间状从中，用一般现在时表将来，“主将从现”原则I’ll
call
you
as
soon
as
he
comes
back.If
it
doesn’t
rain
tomorrow,
we
will
go
fishing.(4)表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来The
train
leaves
at
six
tomorrow
morning.
标志词
(1)
always,
usually,
often
,
sometimes
,
seldom
,
never(2)
once
a
day
,
twice
a
week
,
three
times
a
year
(3)
every
morning,
every
day,
every
week,
every
month,
every
year,
every
morning(4)
on
Sundays,
at
weekends
一般过去时
结构
主语+was/were
+其它主语+动词过去式
(1)表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态We
visited
the
factory
last
week.(2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作，常与频率副词或时间状语连用When
I
was
a
child,
I
often
played
basketball
in
the
park.(3)如果表示过去经常重复的动作，可以用“used
to
+
动词原形”来表示I
used
to
have
a
walk
in
the
morning.
标志词
(1)
two?days?ago,
a?week?ago(2)yesterday,
yesterday
morning,
the
day
before?yesterday(3)
last?night/week/?month/year(4)
just?now,
the
other
day,
in?1990,
once
upon
a
time(5)
this
morning
一般将来时
结构
主语+will/shall(第一人称)+动词原形主语+be
going
to+动词原形
(1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。They
will
leave
for
Shanghai
next
week.We
shall
go
to
see
you
next
Sunday.(2)be
going
to+动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事What
are
you
going
to
do
next
Sunday?Look
at
the
dark
clouds.
There
is
going
to
be
a
storm.
(客观迹象)(3)be
doing表示将来，常用这种机构的动词有go,come,
leave,
stay,
start,
begin等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情We
are
leaving
for
London.She
is
going
there
tomorrow.
标志词
(1)
tomorrow,
the
day
after
tomorrow(2)
next
week/month/Sunday(3)
in
the
future,
soon(4)
in+一段时间:
in
a
few
days,
in
3
days..(5)
in
2021,
some
day(6)this
afternoon/
evening
现在进行时
结构
主语+am,is,are+动词的现在分词
(1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作---What
are
you
doing?---I’m
reading
English.(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态They
are
studying
hard
this
term.
标志词
(1)
now,
right
now(2)
at
the
moment,
at
present,
these
days(3)
when,
while(4)
Look!
Listen!
过去进行时
结构
主语+was/were+动词的现在分词
(1)表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作---What
were
you
doing
at
nine
last
night?---I
was
watching
TV
at
that
time.(2)由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时；由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句常用过去进行时。When
the
teacher
came
in,
we
were
talking.While
we
were
talking,
the
teacher
came
in.如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时，一般用while引导They
were
singing
while
we
were
dancing.
标志词
(1)
then(2)at
that
time,
at
this
time
yesterday,
at
ten
yesterday(3)
when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句
现在完成时
结构
主语+have/has
+动词的过去分词（done）
(1)表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果---Have
you
had
your
lunch
yet?---Yes,
I
have.
I
have
just
had
it.(说明现在已饱)I
have
lost
my
pen.
(还没找到)I
have
never
traveled
by
plane
before.---Have
you
found
your
lost
pen
yet?---No.
I
haven’t
found
it
yet.(2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for+时间段，since+时间点连用，表示持续的动作或状态，多为延续性动词I
have
lived
here
since
2000.I
have
learnt
English
for
ten
years.(3)have
been
to
曾去过某地（回了）
have
gone
to
已去某地（未回）
have
been
in/at
已在某地（待了多久）(4)现在完成时与表示一段时间的状语连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语应是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。他借用我的词典已经两天了。He
has
borrowed
my
dictionary
for
two
days.
(×)He
has
kept
my
dictionary
for
two
days.
(√)I
haven’t
gone
to
see
him
for
several
months.
(√)常见的非延续性动词转化为延续性动词buy-have;
borrow-keep;
die-be
dead;
open-be
open;
close-be
closed;
join-be
in/be
a
member
of;
come-be
here;
go-be
there;
leave-be
away;
catch
a
cold-have
a
cold;
put
on-wear;
get
married-be
married;
finish-be
over
标志词
(1)already,
ever,
yet,
never...before,
before(2)lately,
so
far,
up
to
now(3)in
the
past/last
three
years(4)since+时间点:
since
1993;since
+时间段+ago:
since
two
years
ago(5)for+时间段:
for
three
years
过去完成时
结构
主语+had+动词的过去分词
表示到过去某时为止或在过去某时之前已经发生或完成的动作。“过去的过去”By
the
end
of
last
year
we
had
built
five
new
houses.　I
had
learnt
5000
words
before
I
entered
the
university.　When
I
left
home,
I
had
forgotten
to
bring
it
with
me.
标志词
by+过去时间点by
the
end
of+过去时间点before+过去时间点
【例题讲解】
1.Bill
likes
reading.
He
_______
picture
books
with
his
dad
every
evening.
A.read
B.reads
C.is
reading
2.
If
it
_______
tomorrow,
we
_______
travel
outside.
A.
will
rain;
will
B.
rains;
won’t
C.
will
rain;
won’t
3.
—Have
you
mended
your
shoes,
Bob?
—Yes.
I_________
them
twenty
minutes
ago.
A.have
mended
B.had
mended
C.mended
4.There
_______
great
changes
in
Tianshui
in
next
ten
years.
A.will
be
B.will
have
C.are
going
to
have
5.
He
doesn’t
tell
me
when
he
________.
I’ll
call
you
up
as
soon
as
he
_______
.
A.
will
come,
arrives
B.
comes,
arrives
C.
will
come,will
arrive
6.We
are
not
allowed
to
laugh
when
we
_______
.
A.ate
B.have
eaten
C.are
eating
7.—Did
you
see
a
girl
with
an
English
book
in
her
hand
pass
by
just
now?
—No,
sir.
I
_______
a
magazine.
A.read
B.am
reading
C.was
reading
8.—Dave,
we
will
leave
in
10
minutes.
Are
you
ready?
—No,
I
_______
our
guide
book
and
towels
yet.
A.don’t
pack
B.haven’t
packed
C.didn’t
pack
9.They
_______
for
five
hours
when
they
_______
in
New
York.
A.flew;arrived
B.flew;had
arrived
C.had
flown;arrived
10.It
is
said
that
the
number
of
forest
parks
in
Guangdong
_______
to
more
than
1,000
so
far.
A.have
increased
B.increased
C.has
increased
二、不同时态动词的变化
规则变化
原形动词结尾情况
一般现在时三单
现在分词
过去式和过去分词
一般情况
+s
+ing
+ed
o,x,sh,ch,s,结尾（哦，蟋蟀吃屎）
+es
+ing
+ed
辅音字母+y结尾
y→i+es
+ing
y→i+ed
重读闭音节（辅元辅）结尾
+s
双写末尾辅音字母+ing
双写末尾辅音字母+ed
不发音的e结尾
+s
去e,
+ing
+d
少数几个ie结尾
+s
ie→y+ing
+d
不规则变化
have→has,be→is
无
（见附表）
【中考链接】
2014-2020年湖南中考题组
(2019长沙,24)—
I
can’t
find
Sara.
Where
is
she?
—She
_____
for
tomorrow’s
Xingcheng
Cup
speaking
competition
at
home.
prepares
B.will
prepare
C.
is
preparing
(2019长沙,26)I
______
abroad
for
several
years,
but
I
have
never
regretted
my
final
decision
to
move
back
to
my
motherland.
A.am
living
B.
lived
C.
have
lived
3.（2019邵阳）—Jack,
you
look
more
handsome
in
your
new
shirt
today.
—Oh.
Really?
I____
it
in
a
cheap
store
with
my
mom.
A.
buy
B.
will
buy
C.
bought
4.(2019益阳）Susan
and
her
sister
_________some
photos
in
the
park
the
day
after
tomorrow.
A.
take
B.
took
C.
will
take
5.(2019株洲）The
world
is
changing
with
every
second;
and
China,
too,______
with
every
second.
A.
is
changing
B.
had
changed
C.
changed
6.（2019湘潭）—Have
you
ever______the
Terracotta
Army
in
Xi'an?
—Yes,
I
went
there
last
year.
A.
gone
to
B.
been
to
C.
been
in
7.（2019湘西）一_____you
ever______Hong
Kong-Zhuhai-Macao
Bridge?
一Not
yet.
A.
Did；visit
B.
Are；visit
C.
Have；visited
(2018长沙,28)
As
long
as
the
whole
of
our
society
______
trying,
we
will
make
our
skies
blue
again.
keeps
B.will
keep
C.kept
9.(2018郴州,22)—Have
you
ever
been
to
South
Tower
Park?
—Yes.
I
______
there
a
few
months
ago.
A.went
B.have
been
C.have
gone
10.(2018怀化,29)—Kitty,
will
you
go
to
see
Spider-Man
3
with
us
this
evening?
—Sorry.
I
______
the
film
already.
A.saw
B.have
seen
C.had
seen
11.(2018邵阳,23)—Where
is
Jim?
—Look!
He
______
under
the
tree.
is
standing
B.stood
C.stands
12.(2017长沙,21)—Hello,
John.
This
is
Mike.
What
are
you
doing
now?
—I’m
watching
a
football
match.
It
started
at
7:30
p.m.
and
______
on
for
another
one
hour.
A.has
been
B.was
C.will
be
13.(2017长沙,28)Shared
bikes,
which
are
environmentally
friendly,
______
quite
popular
among
big
cities
in
China
since
last
April.
A.became
B.have
become
C.will
become
14.(2017常德,24)I
cleaned
my
room
yesterday.
It
______
a
little
difficult.
A.is
B.was
C.will
be
15.(2017常德,28)I
______
Anna
since
three
years
ago.
A.knew
B.know
C.have
known
16.(2017邵阳,26)—Frank,
where
is
your
father?
—He
isn’t
at
home
now.
He
______
New
York.
A.has
gone
to
B.has
been
to
C.goes
to
17.(2017郴州,27)—Hurry
up!
Jack
______
for
you
to
play
basketball.
—OK.
I’m
coming.
A.waited
B.is
waiting
C.was
waiting
18.(2017怀化,27)—Hey,
Kate.
I
called
you
at
6:30
yesterday
evening,
but
you
didn’t
answer.
—Oh,
sorry.
I
______
at
that
time.
A.am
doing
the
dishes
B.do
the
dishes
C.was
doing
the
dishes
19.(2017益阳,29)—I
wonder
if
Tom
______
this
afternoon.
—Don’t
worry.
I
will
tell
you
as
soon
as
he　　????.
A.will
come;comes
B.comes;will
come
C.comes;comes
20.(2016长沙,23)—I
think
I’ll
take
a
bus
to
the
meeting.
—The
bus?
If
you
______
,
you
will
be
late.
A.do　　
B.have
done
C.will
do
21.(2016长沙,25)—Your
coat
fits
you
well.
—Thank
you.
I
______
it
when
I
was
on
vacation.
A.have
bought
B.buy
C.bought
22.(2016株洲,25)He
______
in
Zhuzhou
since
seven
years
ago.
A.works
B.worked
C.has
worked
23.(2016株洲,34)Don’t
enter
the
area.
The
students
______
an
English
exam.
A.takes
B.are
taking
C.have
taken
24.(2016常德,26)—What
were
you
doing
when
I
phoned
you
yesterday
evening?
—I
______
my
homework.
A.was
doing
B.have
done
C.did
25.(2016常德,31)The
Smiths
______
many
places
of
interest
since
two
years
ago.
A.visit
B.have
visited
C.visited
26.(2016邵阳,24)We
______
for
a
picnic
if
it
______
rain
this
Sunday.
A.will
go;doesn’t
B.will
go;won’t
C.go;doesn’t
27.(2016邵阳,28)One
of
my
friends
______
moved
to
America;
I
miss
her
so
much.
A.has
B.have
C.are
28.(2016张家界,23)—
______
you
ever
______
the
history
museum,
Paul?
—No,
I
haven’t.
A.Do;visit
B.Did;visit
C.Have;visited
29.(2016怀化,27)—May
I
speak
to
Mr.
Smith?
—Sorry,
he
isn’t
in.
He
______
Changsha.
A.has
been
to
B.has
gone
to
C.went
to
30.(2015益阳,33)—What
were
you
doing
at
8:00
last
Sunday?
—I
______
rubbish
with
my
classmates
by
the
Zijiang
River.
A.picked
up
B.am
picking
up
C.was
picking
up
31.(2015娄底,26)—I
______
to
the
cinema
yesterday.
—It’s
a
pity.
You
didn’t
invite
me.
A.go
B.went
C.have
gone
32.(2015衡阳,26)—
______
you
______
to
Nanhu
Park
a
week
ago?
—Yes.
We
had
a
good
time
there.
A.Do;go
B.Did;go
C.Did;went
33.(2015邵阳,25)—Where
is
your
father,
Bruce?
—He
______
Shanghai.
He’ll
be
back
in
3
days.
A.has
been
to
B.has
gone
to
C.went
to
34.(2015邵阳,27)There
______
a
speech
contest
next
Monday.
A.will
have
B.are
C.will
be
35.(2015张家界,31)He
almost
fell
down.
But
he
______
?.
A.didn’t
B.doesn’t
C.won’t
36.(2015长沙,24)—Will
you
see
the
film
Cinderella
with
us
tonight?
—No,
I
______
it
last
week.
A.see
B.have
seen
C.saw
37.(2015长沙,27)—I
called
you
last
night,
but
you
didn’t
answer.
—Sorry,
Grace.
I
______
I
Am
a
Singer
when
the
phone
rang.
A.am
watching
B.was
watching
C.have
watched
38.(2014邵阳,25)In
the
past
two
years,
Shaoyang
______
a
lot.
A.changes
B.changed
C.has
changed
39.(2014长沙,29)Little
Tom
______
computer
games
when
his
mother
got
home.
A.is
playing
B.plays
C.was
playing
40.(2014湘潭,34)We
plan
to
have
a
picnic
tomorrow,
so
I
wonder
if
______
.
A.will
it
rain
B.it
rains
C.it
will
rain
41.(2020长沙,22).
---
What
happened
to
Mrs.
Smart?
---She
cut
herself
while
she
______
lunch.
A.
prepares
B.
is
preparing
C.
was
preparing
2017—2020年模拟·基础题组
1.
(2019南雅第二次模拟）My
grandparents
for
60
years
and
they
love
each
other
very
much.
A
married
B
have
got
married
C.
have
been
married
2.
(2019师大梅溪湖）When
they
through
the
forest,
a
bear
at
them.
A.
walked;
was
coming
B.were
walking;
came
C.
were
walking,
was
coming
3.(2019一中第二次模拟)Although
a
hundred
years
away.
we
re
still
inspired(激励)by
the
May
Fourth
Movement.
A.has
passed
B.
passes
C.
pass
4.(2019麓山国际第二次保温考)--You
seem
to
be
familiar
with
the
city.
--I
here
for
3
years,
and
it's
great
to
be
back.
A
have
lived
B
lived
C
had
lived
5.(2019广益中学模拟)--Why
don’t
you
go
to
bed,
Jimmy?
---Mum
promised
to
tell
me
a
bedtime
story,
but
she
________
her
work.
A.
doesn’t
finish
B.
didn’t
finish
C.
hasn’t
finished
6.(2019仿真密卷A卷)—Do
you
know
that
Nick
got
the
first
prize
in
the
competition?
—
Yes.
This
morning,
while
I
________
the
house,
he
called
and
told
me
about
that.
A.
left
B.
leave
C.
was
leaving
7.(2019仿真密卷B卷)
Both
his
parents
look
blue.
Maybe
they
________
what
happened
to
him.
A.
will
know
B.
have
known
C.
are
knowing
8.(2018益阳六中期中,27)It
has
been
more
than
two
years
since
he
______
to
our
school.
A.comes
B.has
come
C.came
9.(2018
周南集团联考,22)Teresa
is
the
most
popular
in
the
class.
If
she
______
the
party
today,
the
whole
class
will
go.
A.will
have
B.has
C.have
10.(2018长郡教育集团第二次限时训练,25)—Do
you
go
to
school
by
bus?
—No,
I
go
to
school
by
bike.
The
number
of
the
students
who
ride
bikes
______
increased
in
the
past
few
years.
A.was
B.have
C.has
11.(2018
周南集团第二次联考,22)—How
long
______
in
Chengdu?
—For
just
the
weekend
to
come.
I’ll
be
back
next
Monday
morning.
A.are
you
staying
B.did
you
stay
C.have
you
stayed
12.(2018麓山国际实验学校一模,26)—When
will
the
TV
show
Come
Sing
with
Me
begin
tonight?
—It
______
for
ten
minutes.
A.will
begin
B.has
been
on
C.will
be
on
13.(2018南雅中学全真模拟一,26)—Have
you
ever
heard
of
Hawking?
—What
a
pity!
The
great
scientist
______
for
more
than
2
months.
A.has
died
B.has
been
dead
C.is
died
14.(2017长沙麓山国际实验学校第一次月考,23)—What
will
Changsha
be
like
in
five
years?
—There
______
more
public
rental
bicycles,because
they
are
really
helpful.
A.will
have
B.is
going
to
have
C.will
be
15.(2017长郡第七次限时训练,26)The
Blacks
______
China
for
many
years.
A.have
been
to
B.have
come
to
C.have
been
in
16.(2020长郡网课测试卷,26）The
number
of
volunteers
in
our
neighborhood
__________
in
the
past
three
years.
A.
rises
B.
has
risen
C.
is
risen
17.(2020长郡外国语学校，6）-Has
our
daughter
folded
her
clothes
yet?
-Yes,
she
has.
She
____
it
early
this
morning.
A.
has
done
B.
did
C.
had
done
18.(2020长郡外国语学校，14）-Jordan,
the
weather
is
fine
outside.
Let’s
go
and
fly
the
kite.
-Just
a
minute.
I
an
e-mail.
A.
am
sending
B.
was
sending
C.
send
19.(2020长郡第四次月考，24）
—
Could
you
please
tell
John
to
call
me
back?
—
Of
course.
I
__________
him
as
soon
as
he
__________
back.
A.
tell;
will
come
B.
tell;
comes
C.
will
tell;
comes
20
.(2020长郡第四次月考，28）I
__________
a
camera
two
weeks
ago,
but
I
haven’t
had
a
chance
to
use
it.
A.
have
bought
B.
bought
C.
had
bought
21.
(2020南雅第二次模拟）My
grandparents
for
60
years
and
they
love
each
other
very
much.
A
married
B
have
got
married
C.
have
been
married
22.
(2020师大梅溪湖）When
they
through
the
forest,
a
bear
at
them.
A.
walked;
was
coming
B.were
walking;
came
C.
were
walking,
was
coming
23.(2020一中第二次模拟)Although
a
hundred
years
away.
We’re
still
inspired(激励)by
the
May
Fourth
Movement.
A.has
passed
B.
passes
C.
pass
24.(2020麓山国际第二次保温考)--You
seem
to
be
familiar
with
the
city.
--I
here
for
3
years,
and
it's
great
to
be
back.
A
have
lived
B
lived
C
had
lived
25.(2020广益中学模拟)--Why
don’t
you
go
to
bed,
Jimmy?
---Mum
promised
to
tell
me
a
bedtime
story,
but
she
________
her
work.
A.
doesn’t
finish
B.
didn’t
finish
C.
hasn’t
finished
26.(2020仿真密卷A卷)—Do
you
know
that
Nick
got
the
first
prize
in
the
competition?
—
Yes.
This
morning,
while
I
________
the
house,
he
called
and
told
me
about
that.
A.
left
B.
leave
C.
was
leaving
27.(2020仿真密卷B卷)
Both
his
parents
look
blue.
Maybe
they
________
what
happened
to
him.
A.
will
know
B.
have
known
C.
are
knowing
28.（2020中雅第二次月考，30）
Everyone
in
our
class
except
Jim
and
Jerry_________to
the
Palace
Museum.
A.
have
been
B.
has
been
C.
have
gone
29.（2020中雅第二次月考，27）—Sue,
could
you
tell
me
if
your
parents_____our
school
sports
meeting
tomorrow?
—
I
think
they
will
come
to
school
if
they_____free.
A.will
take
part
in;
will
be
B.take
part
in;
are
C.will
take
part
in;
are
30.(2020周南集团联考,22)Teresa
is
the
most
popular
in
the
class.
If
she
______
the
party
today,
the
whole
class
will
go.
A.will
have
B.has
C.have
第六讲
动词的时态
参考答案
2014-2020年湖南中考题组
1-5
CBCCA
6-10
BCAAB
11-15
ACBBC
16-20
ABCAA
21-25
CCBAB
26-30
AACBC
31-35
BBBCA
36-40
CBCCC
2017—2020年模拟基础题组
1-5CBABC
6-10
CBCBC
11-15
ABBCC
16-20
BBACB
21-25
CBABC
26-30
CBBCB
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
HYPERLINK
"http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)