湖南省2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习 第七讲 动词的语态（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第七讲
动词的语态
【知识梳理】
一、英语中的两种语态：主动语态和被动语态
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
Many
people
speak
English.
很多人说英语。（主动语态）
English
is
spoken
by
many
people.
英语被很多人讲。（被动语态）
二、被动语态的基本结构
：be+动词的过去分词
（by”被”，是被动语态的标志词）
各种时态的被动语态
时态
被动语态
例句
一般现在时
am/is/are+done
The
classroom
is
cleaned
by
us.
一般过去时
was/were+done
The
kite
was
made
by
him.
一般将来时
will
/shall/be
going
to+be
done
Trees
will
be
planted
by
them
tomorrow.
现在进行时
am/is/are+being
done
The
flowers
are
being
watered
by
her.
过去进行时
was/were+being
done
A
letter
was
being
written
by
her
at
this
time
yesterday
现在完成时
have/has+been
done
The
work
has
been
finished
by
Jim.
过去完成时
had+been
done
The
work
has
been
finished
by
Jim
by
last
week.
含情态动词
can/may/must/...+be
done
The
work
must
be
done
in
two
days.
三、被动语态的用法
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
The
meeting
was
held
last
week.
More
trees
must
be
planted
every
year.
2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
Chinese
is
spoken
by
more
and
more
people
in
the
world.
四、主动语态变为被动语态的方法
1.将主动句里的宾语变为被动句里的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格改为主格。
2.把主动句中的谓语动词改为be+过去分词形式。
3.将主动句的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由介词by引导。
People
use
radios
for
listening
to
the
news.（主动）
→Radios
are
use
for
listening
to
the
news
by
people.（被动）
I
posted
a
letter
last
week.（主动）
→A
letter
was
posted
by
me
last
week.（被动）
注意：
主动句中的感官动词和使役动词
一感二听三使四看feel,
hear/listen
to,
make/have/let,
look
at/see/notice/watch,
等后跟省to的动词不定式，变为被动句时，应加上to。
We
heard
her
sing
an
English
song.（主动）
→She
was
heard
to
sing
an
English
song
by
us.（被动）
主动语态表示被动意义的情况
1.write,
read,
sell,
clean,
wash,
wear,
open,
close等词作不及物动词表物体属性时
This
kind
of
cloth
wears
well.
这种布耐穿。
The
pen
writes
very
smoothly.
这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
2.感官动词look,
sound,
taste,
smell,
feel用主动形式表被动
The
food
tastes
good.
3.want/need/require/be
worth+doing相当于want/need/require/be
worth+to
be
done
My
bike
needs
repairing.=My
bike
needs
to
be
repaired.
4.be
worth
doing表被动
This
novel
is
well
worth
reading.
5.形容词easy,difficult,hard,nice,interesting,exciting,important等后接不定式做状语时，往往用主动形式表达被动含义。
This
question
is
difficult
to
answer.
【例题讲解】
1.—At
present,
one
of
the
best
ways
to
study
is
working
in
groups.
—More
chances
______
to
students
to
learn
from
each
other.
A.offer
B.are
offered
C.have
offered
2.The
books
______
well.
A.sell
B.sells
C.is
sold
3.This
pair
of
shoes
______
hand,
and
it
______
very
comfortable.
A.is
made
with;is
felt
B.are
made
from;is
felt
C.is
made
by;feels
4.If
you
see
the
cartoon
film,
you
will
______
laugh.
A.be
made
B.be
made
to
C.made
to
5.—Do
you
have
a
lot
of
rules
at
home?
—Yes,
I
do.
For
example,
my
bedroom
______
every
day.
A.must
clean
B.must
be
cleaned
C.was
cleaned
【中考链接】
2014—2019年湖南中考题组
1.（2019长沙）—Perfect
photos!
Good
skills!
—Thank
you.
They
______
by
my
Huawei
mobile
phone.
In
fact,
I
am
not
skillful
at
all.
took
B.
were
taken
C.
will
be
taken
2.（2019湘西）—Who's
the
little
boy
in
the
photo？
—It's
me.
The
photo______when
I
was
six
years
old.
A.
takes
B.
took
C.
was
taken
3.（2019益阳）A
lot
of
trees
_________
every
spring
in
Yiyang
city.
A.
plant
B.
is
planted
C.
are
planted
4.(2018长沙,27)British
physicist
Stephen
Hawking,
who
______
as
the
“smartest
man
alive”,
passed
away
in
England
on
March
14,2018.
A.praised
B.was
praised
C.will
be
praised
5.(2018郴州,27)—Do
you
know
when
and
where
the
24th
Winter
Olympic
Games
______
?
—In
Beijing
and
Zhangjiakou,
in
2022.
A.is
held
B.will
be
held
C.will
hold
6.(2018怀化,28)It
is
said
that
potato
chips
in
KFC
______
by
mistake
about
one
hundred
years
ago.
A.were
invented
B.invented
C.was
invented
7.(2018邵阳,28)
______
Wugang
Airport
______
last
year?
A.Did;build
B.Had;built
C.Was;built
8.(2018岳阳,29)Our
classroom
______
by
students
every
afternoon.
A.is
cleaned
B.was
cleaned
C.cleans
9.(2017常德,29)The
telephone
______
by
Alexander
Graham
Bell.
A.was
invented
B.invents
C.invented
10.(2017怀化,28)It’s
said
that
a
new
bridge
______
in
my
hometown
in
2018.
A.is
built
B.was
built
C.will
be
built
11.(2017株洲,29)The
singer
______
while
still
at
school.
A.has
discovered
B.was
discovered
C.discovered
12.(2017郴州,28)—Waiter,
a
glass
of
orange
juice,
please.
—Sorry.
Orange
juice
______
only
for
breakfast.
A.will
serve
B.serves
C.is
served
13.(2016长沙,30)Now
smart
phones
______
in
many
ways
in
our
daily
life.
A.are
used
B.is
used
C.are
using
14.(2016郴州,23)—What
happened
to
Billy?
—He
______
because
of
his
drunk-driving.
A.is
caught
B.was
caught
C.has
caught
15.(2016常德,34)The
classroom
______?by
the
students
every
day.
A.clean
B.cleans
C.is
cleaned
16.(2016益阳,27)Tea
______
by
farmers
in
our
hometown.
A.is
grown
B.grew
C.grow
17.(2016张家界,22)—Please
come
back
earlier,
honey!
—I’m
not
a
child!I
should
______
what
to
do!
A.be
told
B.not
be
told
C.tell
18.(2015益阳,27)—Claudia,are
you
going
to
Mike’s
birthday
party
on
Sunday?
—Unless
I
______?.
A.am
invited
B.invited
C.was
inviting
19.(2015张家界,32)
______
?this
kind
of
question
often
asked
in
your
class,
Ann?
A.Is
B.Does
C.Has
20.(2015张家界,33)People
who
won’t
work
should
be
made
______
.
A.work
B.to
work
C.working
21.(2014益阳,29)—Have
you
moved
into
the
new
house?
—Not
yet.
The
rooms
______
.
A.are
painting
B.have
been
painted
C.are
being
painted
22.(2014常德,34)The
boy
______
home
by
the
police
last
Sunday.
A.is
taken
B.has
taken
C.was
taken
23.(2014怀化,29)Teenagers
should
______
to
choose
their
own
clothes.
A.allow
B.allowing
C.be
allowed
24.(2014长沙,33)—I
am
afraid
that
I
can’t
finish
the
task
successfully.
—Don’t
worry.You
______
plenty
of
time
to
do
it.
A.will
be
given
B.give
C.will
give
25.(2014永州,27)This
kind
of
car
looks
so
beautiful.
It
______
in
my
hometown.
A.make
B.makes
C.is
made
2016—2020年模拟·基础题组
1.
(2019南雅第二次模拟）28.---Where
is
Tom’s
car?
He
always
parks
it
here.
--He
not
to
park
here
just
now.
It's
over
there.
A
told
B
is
told
C
was
told
2.
(师大梅溪湖）--When
can
you
drive
me
to
school
?
---Not
until
the
car
next
week.
A.will
be
repaired
B.
is
repaired
C.
will
repair
3.(2019一中第二次模拟)----Look,
the
blackboard
.
It
was
still
dirty
a
moment
ago.
----Frank
did
it.
He
is
on
duty
today.
A.
is
cleaning
B.is
being
cleaned
C.
has
been
cleaned
4.(2019麓山国际第二次保温考)--Changsha
has
changed
a
lot
in
the
past
few
years.
I
remember
there
was
only
Metro
Line
2(地铁2号线)when
I
last
came
here.
--Yeah.
there
are
Line
2
and
4
in
use
now.
It
is
said
the
Line
6
in
2
years.
A.was
built
B
is
built
C.will
be
built
5.
(2019广益中学模拟)The
first
photo
of
the
Black
Hole
in
history
________
by
eight
telescopes（望远镜）.
People
were
so
excited
to
see
it
this
April.
A.
took
B.
is
taken
C.
was
taken
6.(2019仿真密卷B卷)
It’s
said
that
the
Subway
Line
3
_______
in
Changsha
at
the
end
of
2019.
finished
B.
is
finished
C.
will
be
finished
7.(2018怀化四中期末考试,26)I
can’t
understand
the
story,
because
it
______
in
French.
A.writes
B.is
written
C.will
be
written
8.(2018周南实验集团联考,29)—Which
sport
will
you
choose
at
the
sports
meeting?
—No
decision
yet.
I
think
it
______
after
discussing
with
my
PE
teacher.
A.is
decided
B.was
decided
C.will
be
decided
9.(2018吉首期末,28)Look
at
the
new
building.
It
______
for
the
thirtieth
school
anniversary(周年).
A.built
B.was
built
C.will
be
built
10.(2018岳阳模拟,26)In
spring,
beautiful
flowers
______
everywhere
in
our
city.
A.can
see
B.can
be
seen
C.will
see
11.(2017周南中学期中考试,28)—Is
there
a
maglev
train
in
your
city?
—Yes.
It
______
in
2016.
A.was
built
B.is
built
C.built
12.(2017长郡第七次限时训练,25)Kids
______
to
be
careful
when
crossing
the
road.
A.tell
B.are
telling
C.are
told
13.(2017长沙麓山国际实验学校限时训练五,28)—You
took
so
many
beautiful
photos!
—Yes,
but
I
can’t
remember
where
______
.
A.they
were
taken
B.they
will
be
taken
C.they
have
taken
14.(2017长沙麓山国际一模,26)—I
want
to
borrow
the
book,
but
I
don’t
know
how
long
it
______?.
—For
two
weeks.
A.is
borrowed
B.can
be
lent
C.may
be
kept
15.(2016长沙雅礼教育集团期末,25)—Where
is
Tom?
—He
______
?to
go
to
Beijing
on
business,
and
will
return
in
two
weeks.
A.is
asked
B.was
asked
C.will
ask
16.(2016衡阳期末,27)Your
computer
______
in
a
cool,
clean
and
dry
place.
A.must
keep
B.must
be
kept
C.must
be
keeping
17.(2016长沙麓山国际实验学校限时训练七,23)—Where
is
Tom’s
car?
He
always
parks
it
here.
—He
______
not
to
park
here
just
now.
It’s
over
there.
A.told
B.is
told
C.was
told
18.(2016衡阳月考,29)The
dictionary
may
______
for
three
weeks.
A.keep
B.be
kept
C.be
borrowed
19.(2017麓山国际一模)—I
want
to
borrow
the
book,
but
I
don’t
know
how
long
it
______?.
—For
two
weeks.
A.is
borrowed
B.can
be
lent
C.may
be
kept
20.（2020仿真A卷）--When
shall
I
hand
in
my
report?
--As
soon
as
it
.
A.
will
be
finished
B.
is
finished
C.
has
finished
21.(2016衡阳月考,29)The
dictionary
may
______
for
three
weeks.
A.keep
B.be
kept
C.be
borrowed
22.（2020广益二模）--When
can
we
stop
wearing
masks?
--Not
until
COVID-19
.
A.
will
control
B.
is
controlled
C.
will
be
controlled
23.（2020师梅二模）--
I
feel
so
glad
that
I
for
the
chairman
of
the
students
union
a
moment
ago.
--Congratulations!
A.
have
chosen
B.
am
chosen
C.was
chosen
24.（2020南雅/青竹湖二模）This
scarf
to
me
as
my
birthday
gift
the
other
day
and
I
will
treasure
it
forever.
A
.will
be
given
B.
is
given
C.
was
given
25.（2020青竹湖一模）My
second-hand
car
is
broken
again.
I
either
have
it
________
or
buy
a
self-driving
car.
5G
makes
everything
possible.
A
.to
repair
B.
repaired
C.
repair
26.（2020长郡三校联考一模）--What's
the
thing
with
three
legs?
--It’s
a
cup.It
drinking
wine
in
ancient
times.
A.was
used
to
B.was
used
for
C.used
to
27.（2020长郡双语二模）The
song
Mojito
written
by
Jay
Chou
reminds
me
of
my
youth-related
days
as
soon
as
it
.
A.
is
played
B.played
C.will
be
played
28.（2020十一中学全真模拟）If
I
to
go
out
tonight,
I
will
go
to
the
movies
with
you.
A.
allowed
B.
am
allowed
C.
have
allowed
29.（2020教科所模拟卷一）Open
your
heart,
and
you’ll
make
yourself
better
.
A.understood
B.
understanding
C.
to
understand
30.（2020教科所模拟卷七）It
was
reported
that
5
grams(克)of
meat
by
a
Chinese
scientist
in
the
lab
in
November
last
year.
A.is
produced
B.was
produced
C.were
produced
第七讲
动词的语态
参考答案
2014-2020年湖南中考题组
1-5
BCCBB
6-10
ACAAC
11-15
BCABC
16-20
ABAAB
21-25
CCCCC
26-30
BDBBA
2016—2020年模拟·基础题组
1-5
CACCC
6-10
CBCBB
11-15
ACACB
16-20
BCBCB
21-25
BBCCB
26-30
BABAC
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