湖南中考专题第一轮总复习 第八讲 非谓语动词（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第八讲
非谓语动词
【知识梳理】
一、动词不定式
构成：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to。to为不定式符号，本身无词义。
否定形式为：not
(to)+动词原形。
2、功能及用法：
(1)作主语
　　
动词不定式作主语常后置，用it作形式主语。
To
help
the
old
is
our
duty.
=It
is
our
duty
to
help
the
old.
常用句式有：
It’s
+
adj.
+of
sb.+
to
do
sth.
某人（做某事）...
这一句型中常用表示人的品质的形容词：careful,
careless,
clever,
good,
kind,
nice,
polite,
lazy...
It’s
kind
of
you
to
help
me.
It’s
+
adj.
+for
sb.+
to
do
sth.
做某事对某人来说...
常用的形容词有：difficult,
easy,
hard,
dangerous,
safe,
useful
,
interesting...
It
is
very
useful
to
learn
English
well.
It’s
very
important
for
us
to
protect
the
environment.
It
is
one’s
duty/
turn/honor
to
do
sth.
It’s
time
to
do
sth.
It
takes
sb.+some
time+to
do
sth.
(2)作表语
动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。常可转换成主语。如：　
The
best
way
to
improve
your
English
is
to
join
an
English
club.
=To
join
an
English
club
is
the
best
way
to
improve
your
English.
(3)作宾语
①常与不定式做宾语连用的动词
(?http:?/??/?baike.?/?view?/?26589.htm"
\t
"_blank?)有：
要求选择同意计划(ask,
choose,
agree,
plan)
期望决定答应学会(expect,
decide,promise,
learn)
宁可拒绝假装安排(prefer,
refuse,
pretend,
arrange)
希望想要愿意(wish/hope,
want/need,
would
like
/
love)等。
We
decided
to
talk
to
some
students.
He
prefers
to
eat
white
bread
and
rice.
②动词feel,
find,
make,
think等后面，常用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语放在后面：
sb.
feel
/
find
/
make
/
...+
it+adj.
/
n.+to
do...　　
I
find
it
difficult
to
remember
everything.
(4)作定语
①动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词
(?http:?/??/?baike.?/?view?/?141.htm"
\t
"_blank?)后。
He
was
the
first
to
come
to
the
classroom.
②不定式为不及物动词
(?http:?/??/?baike.?/?view?/?231422.htm"
\t
"_blank?)时，或其修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作发生的地点、工具等，要在不定式后加适当的介词。
注意：当不定式所修饰的名词是time,place或way时，习惯省略介词。
I
need
some
paper
to
write
on.
My
grandfather
had
no
place
to
live
(in)
when
he
was
a
child.
(5)作宾语补足语
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
要求允许建议(ask,
allow,
advise)
期望邀请鼓励(expect,
invite,
encourage)
教导告诉想要(teach,
tell,
want)
等待希望愿意(wait
for,
wish,
would
like
/
love)。
help后的to可带可不带。
My
mother
often
tells
me
not
to
play
computer
games.
注意：有些使役动词
(?http:?/??/?baike.?/?view?/?719638.htm"
\t
"_blank?)和感官动词也用动词不定式作宾补，这时动词不定式要省略to。
四看(see,
watch,
look
at,
notice
)、三使(make,
let,
have)、两听(hear,
listen
to)、一感觉(feel)
　但在被动语态中，to要还原：
　I
saw
him
cross
the
road.
→　He
was
seen
to
cross
the
road.
　　
(6)作状语
　①目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。
　　A
group
of
young
people
came
here
to(in
order
to)
discuss
this
question.
　②原因状语：“sb.+be+adj.+to
do...”
I’m
sorry
to
trouble
you.
I’m
glad
to
see
you.
　③结果状语：“too...to”太...而不能...，“adj./adv.
+
enough
to...”...足以...
　　Paul
is
too
excited
to
say
anything.
　　He
is
bold
enough
to
go
to
school.
　④独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如：
　
To
be
honest,
I
only
eat
food
that
tastes
good.
　　To
begin
with,
she
spoke
too
quickly,
and
I
couldn’t
understand
every
word.
(7)疑问词+不定式
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,
which,
who或疑问副词how,
when,
where,
why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语等。
　　I
don’t
know
what
to
do
next.
　　Where
to
go
is
not
decided
yet.
The
problem
is
where
to
find
the
child.
【例题讲解】
1.How
kind
you
are!
You
always
do
what
you
can
______?others.
A.help
B.to
help
C.helps
2.My
parents
often
tell
me
______?too
much
junk
food
because
it’s
bad
for
my
health.
A.not
eating
B.not
to
eat
C.eating
3.—Why
are
you
so
excited
today?
—We
were
told
______?a
picnic
this
weekend.
A.have
B.to
have
C.having
4.—Why
is
Linlin
practising
speaking
English?
—
______?abroad
for
further
study.
A.Go
B.Gone
C.To
go
5.Students
should
learn
how
______?problem.
A.solve
B.solving
C.to
solve
二、动名词
1、构成：
动词原形+ing
2、功能及用法：
动名词除具有动词的性质外，还具有名词的性质。动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等，但不能用作谓语。
(1)作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Eating
too
much
is
bad
for
your
health.
(2)作表语，可转换成主语。
Her
favorite
sport
is
skating.
=Skating
is
her
favorite
sport.
注意：不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语，区别是：动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念，而不定式则多指具体的、一次性的动作。
(3)作定语，位于所修饰词之前，表示所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。
This
is
our
reading
room.
Betty
won
the
first
prize
in
the
singing
competition.
(4)作宾语，放在动词或介词之后。
She
likes
singing
and
dancing.
Thank
you
for
helping
us.
常接动名词-doing作宾语的动词有：
完成练习值得忙(finish,
practice,
be
worth,
be
busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep
on,
be
used
to,
give
up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,
can’t
help,
feel
like)
喜欢思念避免介意(enjoy,
miss,avoid,mind)
期待
look
forward
to
阻止
stop/prevent/keep...from
有困难/麻烦
have
difficulty/trouble/problems
(in)
玩得开心
have
fun/have
a
good
time
宁愿做A而不愿意做B
prefer
doing
A
to
doing
B=prefer
to
do
A
rather
than
do
B
do+some+doing:
do
some
cooking/
shopping
/
cleaning/
washing/
reading/
go+doing
如:
go
shopping/
fishing
/
swimming/
skating/
boating/
hiking
/
sightseeing
注意：有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语，但意思有区别
to
do
doing
stop
停下来去做（另一件）事
停止做某事
go
on
继续去做（另一件）事
继续做同一件事
forget
忘记要做某事
忘记曾经做过某事
try
努力做某事
试着做某事
remember
记住要做某事
记住曾经做过某事
【例题讲解】
1.
______?vegetable
juice
is
a
good
habit,
which
helps
you
eat
a
balanced
diet.
A.Drink
B.Drinking
C.Drank
2.—Would
you
like
______?camping
with
me?
—I’d
love
to.
But
I’m
busy
______?my
homework.
A.to
go;to
do
B.to
go;doing
C.going;to
do
3.
Grandma
said
that
she
had
a
lot
of
trouble
_______
your
handwriting.
A.
to
read
B.
in
seeing
C.
reading
4.As
she
is
looking
forward
to
___
from
me,
please
remember
___
this
letter
on
your
way
to
school.
A.
hear;to
post
B.
hearing;to
post
C.hearing;posting
5.
Would
you
mind
_______
quiet
for
a
moment?
I’m
trying
_______
a
form.
A.
keeping;filling
out
B.
to
keep;to
fill
out
C.
keeping;to
fill
out
6.—People
are
not
allowed
________
in
the
cinema.
—But
they
will
allow
________
in
the
restroom.
A.to
smoke;
smoking
B.smoking;
to
smoke
C.smoking;
smoking
三、分词
1、构成：英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。及物动词的现在分词由“动词+ing”构成，表示正在进行和主动意义。过去分词基本形式是“动词+ed”,表示已经完成和被动意义，但也有不规则形式。
2、功能及用法
(1)作定语
a
moving
film
一部感人的电影（主动）
the
moved
people
被感动的人们（被动）
the
developing
country
发展中国家（进行）
the
developed
country
发达国家（完成）
the
girl
sitting
there
坐在那儿的女孩（主动）
the
girl
called
Linda叫琳达的女孩（被动）
(2)作表语
相当于形容词，现在分词表示主语的性质、特征：“令（他）人…的”；过去分词表示主语所处的情形或状态：“（自己）感到…的”。
The
story
was
very
interesting.
　　
I
was
interested
in
the
movie.
(3)作宾语补足语
感官动词see/hear/watch/notice等后接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行。
I
heard
him
singing
in
the
classroom.
(正在进行)
I
heard
him
sing
in
the
classroom.
(已经结束)
have
sb.
do
sth,
have
sb./sth.
doing
sth.与
have
sth.
done
have
sb.
do
sth.
让某人做某事，have可以用let,
make代替，表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生；
have
sb./sth.
doing
sth.
让某人/物一直做某事，have可以用keep代替，现在分词表示动作的延续和进行；
have
sth.
done
使某事被做，表示动作由他人完成，含被动意义且强调动作已经完成。
The
boss
has
them
work
for
13
hours
a
day.
The
two
men
had
their
lights
burning
all
night
long.
We
had
the
machine
mended
just
now.
find/catch
sb.
doing
sth.
发现/逮住某人正在做某事
We
found
a
boy
crying
under
the
tree.
His
parents
caught
him
playing
computer
games.
(4)作状语
句子主语就是分词的主语。
The
students
went
out
of
the
classroom
after
class,
talking
ans
laughing.　
The
teacher
came
in,
followed
by
his
students.
【例题讲解】
1.—What
are
you
going
to
do
this
afternoon?
—My
hair
is
too
long.
I
want
to
get
my
hair
_______
.
A.cut
B.to
cut
C.cutting
2.It
took
my
daughter
two
weeks
to
read
the
novels
_______
by
Yang
Hongying.
A.write
B.writes
C.written
3.Don’t
keep
me
_______
for
a
long
time.
A.
wait
B.
waiting
C.
to
wait
4.The
boy
_______
in
the
teacher’s
office
was
found
smoking
yesterday.
A.stood
B.standing
C.to
stand
5.They
were
_______
about
this
_______
football
match.
A.
excited;excited
B.
exciting;excited
C.
excited;exciting
【中考链接】
2014—2020年湖南中考题组
(2019邵阳中考,28)—How
do
you
improve
your
spoken
English?
—By
practicing_______to
my
teachers
and
classmates.
A.
talking
B.
to
talk
C.
talk
(2019湘潭中考,29)
—Alex.
would
you
mind_______down
the
music?
It's
too
noisy.
—Sorry,
dad.
I
'll
do
it
right
away.
A.
turn
B.
turning
C.
to
turn
(2019益阳中考,27)______,
he
has
to
listen
to
tapes
every
day.
A.
To
learn
English
well
B.
Learn
English
well
C.
Learning
English
well
(2019岳阳中考,27)27.
People
enjoy_____zongzi
on
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival.
A.
eat
B.
eating
C.
to
eat
5.
(2018郴州,24)—You
can
only
keep
the
books
for
two
weeks,Tom.Remember
them
on
time.
—I
will.
return
B.returning
C.to
return
(2018长沙,21)—The
weather
report
says
it’s
going
to
have
a
shower
this
afternoon.
—It
does?
We’d
better
　
now,
just
in
case.
A.to
leave
B.leaving
C.leave
(2018怀化,22)—Would
you
like
to
go
swimming
in
the
river
with
us?
—Sorry,
I
won’t.
Our
teacher
often
tells
us
　
that.
A.not
do
B.to
do
C.not
to
do
(2018邵阳,25)Remember
　
some
fruit
when
you
come
back.
A.buying
B.to
buy
C.buy
(2018岳阳,26)They
asked
their
son
　
the
bed
last
weekend.
A.to
make
B.making
C.made
(2017常德,25)I
think
it’s
impolite
　
others
waiting.
A.to
keep
B.keeping
C.keep
(2017邵阳,24)My
little
brother
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
he
finished
　
his
homework
last
night.
A.do
B.doing
C.to
do
(2017郴州,26)—What
shall
we
do
this
weekend?
—We’ll
drive
to
Dongjiang
Lake
　
boating.
A.to
go
B.go
C.going
(2017益阳,25)It’s
necessary
for
you
　
the
classroom
clean,
class.
A.keep
B.keeping
C.to
keep
(2016长沙,28)—Jane’s
spoken
English
is
pretty
good.
—Yeah,
she
works
hard
and
practices
　
it
both
in
and
out
of
class.
A.spoke
B.to
speak
C.speaking
(2016株洲,21)The
Chinese
team
are
working
hard
　
honors
in
the
2016
Olympic
Games.
A.to
win
B.win
C.winning
(2016郴州,24)—Why
are
you
so
excited?
—Nancy
invited
me
　
on
a
trip
to
the
Dongjiang
Lake
just
now.
A.to
go
B.go
C.going
(2016常德,24)My
teacher
asked
me
　
the
room.
A.clean
B.cleans
C.to
clean
(2016衡阳,29)The
novel
is
great.
It’s
well
worth
　
.
A.read
B.reads
C.reading　????
(2016邵阳,26)She
said
she
hoped
　
her
daughter.
A.to
see
B.you
to
see
C.seeing
(2016益阳,28)Mr.
Lee
used
to
　
dinner
in
the
restaurant,
but
now
he
is
used
to
every
meal
with
his
family
at
home.
A.have;eat
B.having;eat
C.have;eating
(2015益阳,26)We
are
too
tired.
Let’s
stop
　
a
rest.
A.to
have
B.have
C.having
(2015衡阳,29)Our
teacher
tells
us
　
on
the
street
because
it’s
too
dangerous.
A.not
play
soccer
B.not
to
play
soccer
C.to
not
play
soccer
(2015长沙,23)It’s
necessary
for
us
　
to
our
parents
when
we
have
problems.
A.to
talk
B.talking
C.talk
(2014长沙,31)—It’s
getting
cold.
Would
you
mind
　
the
window?
—Of
course
not.
A.closing
B.to
close
C.closed
(2014衡阳,29)Tom
was
made
　
his
own
clothes
by
his
sister.
A.wash
B.washed
C.to
wash
(2014益阳,25)—I
want
to
go
to
Xiufeng
Park.
How
can
I
get
there?
—
　
?there,
just
go
along
this
street
and
turn
left
at
the
third
crossing.
A.To
get
B.Getting
C.Get
(2014邵阳,24)Li
Jun
always
makes
his
little
sister
　
.
A.crying
B.to
cry
C.cry
(2014永州,19)Listen!I
hear
someone
　
in
the
classroom.
A.sing
B.singing
C.to
sing
(2014湘潭,32)You’re
supposed
　
something
happy
and
lucky
to
others
on
New
Year’s
Day.
A.to
say
B.saying
C.say
(2014湘西土家族苗族自治州,27)Our
teacher
often
tells
us
　
in
the
street,
because
it
is
very
dangerous.
A.not
play
B.to
not
play
C.not
to
play
30.(2020长沙中考真题，23)______your
smartphones，and
read
for
at
least
30
minutes，every
day!
You
know，reading
helps
us
to
deepen
our
spiritual
world．
A.Put
away
B.To
put
away
C.Putting
away
31.(2020长沙中考真题,25）We
are
glad_____that
traditional
Chinese
medicine
can
work
wonders
in
preventing
some
diseases.（　　）
A.know
B.to
know
C.knowing
2016—2020年模拟·基础题组
1.(2018怀化四中期末考试,28)
　
up
with
his
classmates,
he
often
studied
till
midnight.
A.Catch
B.To
catch
C.Having
kept
2.(2018周南实验中学第三次月考,26)The
house
price
in
Hunan
kept
　
last
year.
It
is
more
difficult
to
buy
a
house
now.
A.rising
B.falling
C.changing
3.(2018娄底期末考试,26)I
bought
a
big
box
　
books
for
kids
in
poor
areas.
A.collects
B.to
collect
C.collected
4.(2018祁阳一模,30)—Look
at
these
dirty
clothes.
—Sorry,
dear.
I
can't
help
　
these
clothes
because
I
have
to
go
to
work
today.
A.to
wash
B.washing
C.washed
5.(2018南雅中学全真模拟一,29)—What
would
you
like
to
do
to
improve
your
weak
subjects?
—I
prefer
　
more
exercises
rather
than
　
extra-curriculum
classes.
A.doing;taking
B.to
do;take
C.to
do;to
take
6.(2017长沙一中教育集团期中考试,24)We
should
recycle
some
used
products
to
avoid
　
pollution.
A.produce
B.to
produce
C.producing
7.(2017长沙模拟三,22)
　
the
task
on
time,
we
have
to
work
with
others.
A.Finishing
B.To
finish
C.Finish
8.(2017长沙模拟六,25)
Let's
make
a
fire
　
the
room
warm.
A.keep
B.keeping
C.to
keep
9.(2016长沙周南教育集团期中,29)I
often
see
teachers
　
students
with
their
difficulties
in
their
office.
A.help
B.to
help
C.helping
10.(2016长沙麓山国际实验学校限时训练六,24)—Why
is
Jerry
studying
so
hard
these
days?
—
　
a
better
high
school.
A.Entering
B.To
enter
C.Enter
11.(2016长沙初中毕业水平考试模拟一,
25)It
is
too
bright
and
sunny.
Why
not
　
your
sun-glasses?
A.wear
B.to
wear
C.wearing
12.(2016长沙雅礼教育集团期末,22)He
gets
up
early
every
morning
　
the
traffic
jams.
A.to
avoid
B.avoiding
C.avoids
13.(2016长沙麓山国际实验学校限时训练一,26)The
doctor
warned
my
father
　
.
A.to
smoke
B.not
smoking
C.not
to
smoke
14.(2016长沙初中毕业考试模拟四,27)The
research
found
　
3D
movies
could
be
a
good
way
to
improve
our
brainpower.
A.watching
B.watched
C.watch
15.(2016长沙初中毕业考试模拟五,24)If
you
want
to
take
part
in
China's
Got
Talent
and
win
a
good
prize,
you'd
better
practice
　
really
hard
every
day.
A.to
sing
B.sing
C.singing
16.（2020雅礼集团第一次月考,27）________
my
spoken
English,
I
will
join
the
English
Comer
in
our
school.
A.
Improve
B.
Improving
C.
To
improve
17.（2020麓山国际第一次月考,29）—
I
feel
________
impossible
for
Huawei
________
its
problems.
—
I
don’t
think
so.
Nothing
is
impossible
for
a
willing
heart.
A.
this;
to
solve
B.
it;
to
solve
C.
that;
solving
18.（2020麓山国际第一次月考,25）—
Tony,
could
you
please
________
the
red
gift
box?
It’s
for
your
sister.
—
Okay,
I
won’t,
though
I
really
want
to
know
what’s
inside,
A.
not
open
B.
open
C.
don’t
open
19.（2020雅礼外国语第一次月考,24）The
policeman
warned
the
man
________
after
drinking.
A.
not
to
drive
B.
to
drive
C.
driving
20.（2020
长沙）We
are
glad
__________
that
traditional
Chinese
medicine
can
work
wonders
in
preventing
some
diseases.
A.
know
B.
to
know
C.
knowing
第八讲
非谓语动词参考答案
2014-2020年湖南中考题组
1-5
ABABC
6-10
CCBAA
11-15
BACCA
16-20
ACCAC
21-25
ABAAC
26-30
ACBAC
31-32AB
2016—2020年模拟基础题组
1-5
BABAB
6-10
CBCAB
11-15
AACAC
16-20CBAAB
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