Unit 2 The United Kingdom

授课内容：
consist of/be made up of由…组成 be divided into被分成 clarify the question 弄清楚一个问题 　
without conflict没有冲突 be linked to/be joined to与…连接/联合 refer to提及,涉及,查阅　
as well 也 break away (from) 挣脱，逃离 to one’s credit值得赞扬/在…名下
work together团结一致,合作共事 educational and legal systems教育和立法体制
for convenience 方便起见　 settle in …定居在… historical architecture历史性建筑
art collections艺术品 four sets of invaders四批侵略者 keep your eyes open留心观察,密切注视
leave… out 省去；遗漏 remain standing屹立 make a list of列举清单
a royal palace皇家公园 on special occasions在特殊场合 in memory of为了纪念
ring out the hour报时 set the world time设置世界时间 the longitude line经线
be thrilled by因…而感到震惊 on show被展览，陈列 feel proud of 对…感到骄傲
重点词汇
debate【原句回放】 There is no need to debate any more why different words are used to describe the four countries…(P9)
【点 拨】debate vt.＆vi. 意为“讨论，争论”； 也用作名词，表示“讨论，辩论”。
The government is debating the education laws.
He was debating whether to go for a walk or to visit a friend.
After a long debate they reached an agreement about the punishment for criminals.
【拓 展】区别：debate/ argue/ dispute　都含“辩论”的意思。
a. argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”
I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason. 我和她辩论了好久, 但她还是不听。
b. debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思
We have been debating about the issue. 我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。
c. dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意
Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed. 他是否当选为主席, 仍然有争论。
clarify【原句回放】You can easily clarify any problems if you study British history.(P9)
【点 拨】clarify:意为“澄清，阐明”。
The government has clarified its position on equal pay for women.
Could you clarify your remarks
An example will help to clarify what I mean.
【拓 展】clarification n. 表示“澄清，解释” seek clarification 表示“要说法”
Please contact us if you require clarification of any of these matters.
The farmers are seeking clarification from the judge.
convenience【原句回放】England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. (P10)
【点 拨】意为“适合；方便”。
短语：at one's (own) convenience 在方便时；for the convenience of 为……方便起见
The house is full of conveniences of every sort.
When and where will it suit your convenience for our next meeting
Please come at your convenience.
【拓 展】convenient adj. 表示“便利的, 方便的”。注意convenient 作表语时，其主语不能是人，只能用表示物的词语或it。
When would it be convenient for you to go
We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting.
influence【原句回放】But London has been influenced only by some invaders of England. (P10)
【点 拨】意为“影响，作用于”。
influence sb. to do sth 表示“影响某人做某事”；也用作名词，表示“（常与on连用）影响力；感化力”。
Research has shown that the weather can influence people’s behavior.
My teacher influenced my decision to study science.
Many a woman has had civilizing influence upon her husband.
【拓 展】区别：affect/ effect/ influence　都含有“影响”的意思。
affect 用作动词，指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对…产生不利影响”
This article will affect my thinking. 这篇文章将会影响我的思想。
influence用作动词，指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响”,
Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.
effect 用作名词，指“实现”、“达成”,着重“造成”一种特殊的效果,
This book effected a change in my opinion. 这本书使我的看法起了变化。
arrange【原句回放】They had no time to arrange their own wedding. (P13)
【点 拨】意为“排列；整理，安排”，后跟to do sth. / for sth/ that 从句，从句中用should +do, should 可省略。
In a dictionary the words are arranged in alphabetical order.
A special show was arranged to admit free the family members of the miners.
A marriage has been arranged between Mr. Brown and Miss White.
【拓 展】arrangement n. 表示“安排，解决办法”，短语make arrangement for 为……做好准备；
make arrangement with 与(某人)商定/约好；come to an arrangement 谈妥;达成协议。
Her husband is away, so she’ll have to make other childcare arrangements.
Evening meals are available by arrangement.
delight【原句回放】Her first delight was going to the Tower. (p13)
【点 拨】 意为“快乐，高兴”。 短语：with delight 高兴地；to one’s delight 令某人高兴的是，
They would slide down the icy slopes, shouting with delight.
To my great delight, my son passed the entrance exam.
【拓 展】 delight vt 表示“使高兴”；delighted adj. 高兴的，欢喜的
I’d be delighted to tell you more about our work if you have time.
What he did at school delighted his parents.
consist of【原句回放】How many countries does the UK consist of (P9)
【点 拨】consist of 表示“由…组成”，相当于be made up of。注意其不能用于进行时态和被动语态。
The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
His job consists of helping old people who live alone.
【拓 展】consist in 表示“在于，存在于”，consist with 表示“一致，符合”。
Theory should consist with practice.
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.
break away【原句回放】However, just as they were going to get Ireland connected to form the United Kingdom, the southern part of that country broke away to form its own government. (P10)
【点 拨】break away 表示“逃走；逃脱”。
The robbery suspect（嫌疑犯）broke away from the police station.
Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules.
A large piece of stone broke away from the mountain when the earthquake happened.
【拓 展】相关短语：break down破坏；拆散；break in闯入；打断；break out突然爆发；
break up结束；解散 ；break off 停止，断绝
The car broke down halfway to the destination.
Don't break in when the adventurer is telling his own story.
It was almost midnight that a fire broke out in the neighborhood.
The crowd started to break up when the night fell.
take the place of【原句回放】All the words below can take the place of said, but they are used …(P12)
【点 拨】 take the place of 表示“代替，取代”，也作take one’s place。
John resigned as chairman last year and I took his place.
Nobody could ever take the place of her father.
【拓 展】相关短语：take place 发生， in place 在适当位置，in place of sth /in sth’s place 代替某物
The chairs were not still in place for the concert.
Great changes have taken place since we introduced the new technology.
重点句型There is no need to do sth【原句回放1】 There is no need to debate any more why different words are used to describe the four countries: …(P9)
【点 拨】句型“There is no + n. for sb.”表示“对某人来说没有……做某事了”，常见的结构有三种情况：
a. There is no need /time left/ excuse to do sth/ for sth 表示“没有必要/剩下时间做某事”
b. There is no point in doing sth 表示“做某事没有意义”
c. There is no doubt/ possibility/ hope that 表示“毫无疑问……/没有可能/ 没有希望”
注意：It’s no wonder that…… 表示“难怪……”
　　　It is no good /use doing sth 表示“做某事没有意义”
1.
归纳拓展: arrange sth.整理；布置；排列 arrange (for) sth.安排……；协商
arrange sth. for sb.为某人安排某事 arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事
arrange (with sb.) to do sth.(与人)约定干某事
arrange that clause 商定……；安排(从句用should＋v.，should可以省略)
arrangement n.筹备；安排；整理 make an arrangement for 为…..筹备；安排
Fill in the blanks:
1) Please _______ the desks in the classroom.
2) I have to ____________everything
3) They have __________another man to take his place.
4) She helped me _______ the flowers.
5) She ________ to meet Tom after work.
6) They made ______________ to share the food.
2.The countries are_alike in wanting their own systems to continue.这些国家都想要自己的制度继续存在。
指出alike 的词性：We are much alike in character.。_________
The twins don’t look alike at all.________
No two people think alike.__________
【注】alike作为形容词时，一般不作定语，而只作表语。类似的形容词有：alive活着的；alone单独的；ashamed感到羞耻的；asleep睡着的；afraid害怕的
3.
归纳拓展：take sb’s place=take the place of sb
take one’s place坐某人的座位；任某人的职务；入座
in place of替代，而不是(书面语)＝instead of
take place＝happen发生；举行 in place 在合适的位置
完成句子：
(1)When did the accident ___________(发生)
(2)Electric trains have now_________________(现在已经取代了)steam engine trains in England.
(3)The professor was too ill，so I’ll give you lesson ______________him(替他)．
4. break down（机器等）损坏；破坏；（身体）垮了；（物质）分解；（情感）失控；抛锚；（谈话，通讯等）中断
归纳拓展：
break into 闯入；打断(话题) break into pieces成为碎片
break out 爆发 break through 突围；突破
break up 分解;结束；放假 break in 闯入；插话
break off 中止；中断 break away from打破陈规；奋力挣脱；放弃习惯
指出break down 的意思：Your plan has broken down. What a pity! ______
After a long time of hard work， he almost broke down.__________
This matter will break down in water___________
Our car broke down on our way to work.______
（2）用适当的介词或副词填空
①Thieves broke the house when the couple were watching TV.
②A quarrel broke between them.
③The soldiers broke the enemy’s defence works.
④The school has broken for the holidays.
⑤Dad would occasionally break with a suggestion.
⑥The dog broke _____________ its owner and ran away
⑦The mirror fell to the ground and broke______________
5. ,接收（节目）
(1)The boy picked up a stone and threw it at the window.
(2)I will pick you up at the hotel at 8∶00.
(3)My radio can pick up the BBC World Service.
（4）While travelling in America, he picked up some English.
(5)She fell off her bike, but she quickly picked up herself.
Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London
worried about the time 为过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于because she was worried about the time.过去分词短语作状语还可表示时间、让步、条件、方式、和伴随情况，在过去分词前也可带从属连词when、until、if、unless、though等。
_________(give) more time，we could do it better
When_________(ask)why he was late, he went red.
_______(inspire)by what he said, we were determined to study harder.
An old man entered , _________(support) by a girl.
She will gladly come to your house if ______ (invite).
When_______（take）according to the directions , the drug has no side effect.
available adj.可利用的，可得到的；有效的;（人）有空的
be available to sb./ be available for sth.
These facilities are available _____ members only
There is little money available ____ the trip
I am available in the afternoon. _______
The ticket is no longer available._______
2.
归纳拓展: take/find/have (a) delight in...=delight in（doing）sth.喜爱；以…为乐
(much) to one’s (great) delight使某人(大为)高兴的是
With delight 高兴地 be delighted at.../to do sth./that clause因……而高兴
delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴
delighted adj.欣喜的，快乐的
1) I took delight __ books.
2) __ his delight, he passed the driving test.
3) She delights __ being surrounded by admirers.
4）she ran back home __________delight.
5) We were delighted _______read your novel
3. remain vi.剩下，留下,保持，依然
remain作系动词时，意为“保持不变，仍然处于(某种状态)”，后面常接形容词、名词、不定式、分词或介词短语作表语。
【注】：remaining adj.剩余的，常作前置定语；而left(剩余的)则只能作后置定语。
remain to do sth 有待于作某事It remains to be seen that…有待证实
His mind remained _______(active) in spite of his injury.
I’ll remain to see the end of the match.意思是_______
The situation remains a mystery. 意思是_______
He left the shop with the____________(剩下的)20 dollars.
Much work_________________________. 很多工作有待于去做。
4.
归纳拓展: on that occasion那时 take this/that occasion乘机，抓住机会
occasion作先行词时，定语从句用on which或where引导
occasionally adv.偶而，有时
(1)________________(那时)，I was not at home.
(2)On such occasion there is only one thing to do—stick it out.
5. There followed St Paul’s Catherdral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666.
There followed意为“接着，随后”，是倒装句型。结构为：There＋谓语＋主语，可用于这个句型的动词有come，stand，live，remain，occur，lie，exist，follow等
There _________ one matter still to be discussed. 有一个问题尚待讨论
There _______ a big tree on the top of the hill. 山顶上有一棵大树。
There ＿＿＿＿＿an event last week.上周发生了一件事。
There ________(住着)a girl named Aqiao long ago.
There________(存在) different opinions on this question.
There _______(过来) a bus.
There________(流淌)a river in front of our village.
6.It looked splendid when first built!
省略句：When first built = _______________________.有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等的状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致,或者主语是it，就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语动词be省略掉。如:
Look out for the dog when (___ ___) ________(exercise) in the garden.
You can underline some key phrases where( ___ ____) necessary.
She hurriedly left the room as if (____ ____) angry.
1).When_____(ask) why he was late, he went red.
2).Unless _____(invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
3). While______(wait) there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building
4).when________(finish) my homework, I went out to play football.
7.
thrilling adj.令人激动的；令人兴奋的；毛骨悚然的；颤抖的
thrilled adj.感到激动的；兴奋的；刺激的(与介词at/to连用)
His music continues to_____the audience.他的音乐至今仍然令听众激动。
It gave me a _____ to know I had passed the examination.我得知考试及格后很兴奋。
He was _____when he knew he had passed the examination.
a ________experience
8.
归纳拓展: in honor of为了纪念，为了对……表示敬意
in celebration of为了庆祝 in favor of赞成；有利于
in terms of就……来说，根据 in praise of赞扬
完成句子(1)_____________________ (为了纪念他的父亲)，he named his baby after his father.
(2)People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival______________(为了纪念屈原)．
9. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
在“It is/was necessary/important/strange/incredible”及“It is a pity/a shame/no wonder”之后由 that引导的主语从句中用“should+v.”的形式，should可省略。此处“should have+v.-ed分词”结构用来表示“竟然已经……;居然已经……”，表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到“惊奇、惊喜、怀疑”等。
It is strange that the wheel should turn so slowly.___________________________
It is a great pity/shame/that he should be so conceited. (自高自大)_____________
I’m surprised that he should have been so foolish.______________________
Is it necessary that you be so strict with your students ______________________
It is strange that______________________________(他竟然已知道了这个秘密)
10.What interested her most was the the longitude line .
What (= something that ) interested her most 是主语从句
* What interests/ moves/ frightens/inspires sb most is… 最使人…..的是…..
____________________(最使我害怕) in the amusement park is the free-fall ride.
_____________________(最鼓舞我的) is that he devoted his whole life to preserving the endangered animals.
【随 时 练】
Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use ____with him.
A. to argue　　　 B. arguing　　　 C. argued　　　 D. being argued
The government of China has __________time and again its position on the relations between China and Japan.
A. clarified　　 B. proved 　　C. make sure 　　D. showed
Would it be ___ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport (08山东)
A. free　　 B. vacant 　　C. handy　　 D. convenient
The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism _______ the wildlife in the area.
A. in 　　　B. on 　　　C. at 　　　D. with
It is arranged that the president ______ meet us at 9:00.
A. would 　　　B. should　　　 C. could　　　 D. might
_______ to have a picnic here!
A. What great delight　 B. How great delight C. What a great delight　　 D. How a great delight
The opening province which ___________thirteen counties and three coastal will quicken its space of economic development.
A. consists of 　　B. make up 　　C. consists in 　　D. break up
News reports say peace talks between two countries _______ with no agreement reached.
A． have broken down　　　B. have broke out C. have broken in 　　　　D. have broken up
Don’t you believe it! Glass can________ steel in many ways in life.
A. take place of　　　　　B. take the place of C. in place of　　D. instead of
Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _____ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A． which 　　　B. what　　　 C. that 　　　D. whether
He hasn’t slept at all for three days._______ he is tired out.
A．There is no point 　　B．There is no need　　 C．It is no wonder　　 D．It is no way
-- I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. -- There is no __ for this while you are on duty.
A. reason 　　B. excuse　　 C. cause　　 D. explanation
There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that 　　B. which 　　C. until 　　D. if
语法---过去分词作宾语补足语
　　过去分词在句子中可以作宾语补足语。过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, 能接过去分词作宾语补足语的词语有下列四类：
在表示感觉的或心理状态的动词
如：see, hear, feel, watch, notice, think, find等后面作宾语补足语。
如: We saw the thief caught by the police.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.
在表示“致使”或表示“愿望”、“希望”意义的动词
如：keep, make, get, leave, want, wish, like, expect后跟过去分词作宾语补足语。
如：make oneself heard/ understood 表示“使自己被理解/听见”。
We should keep him informed of what is going on here.
Don’t leave such an important thing undone.
I’m afraid that I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English.
The teacher expected the students（to be）well prepared for the examination.
I want the house white-washed before we move in.
注意：有一些谓语动词是get, have, want, like, wish等的句子不能转换成被动句。在能转换成被动语态的句子中, 原来的宾语补足语就变成主语补足语。比如: We saw the thief caught by the police. 改为被动语态是: The thief was seen caught by the police. 或 that从句: We saw that the thief was caught by the police.
“have ＋宾语＋过去分词”可表示如下几种情况:
表示“要别人为自己完成某件事”。
You'd better have（＝get） that tooth filled. 你最好把那颗牙补补。
We must have this note sent to them right today. 我们今天就得派人把这个通知送交给他们。
表示“遭遇某种（不幸的）事情”。
Last week we had all our windows broken by the naughty boys. 上周我们所有的窗户都被淘气的孩子给弄碎了。
—What's the matter with your hand 你的手怎么了 —I had it burned in the fire. 我的手被火烧伤了。
与can't, won't连用, 且主语为第一人称时, 表示“不容许, 不许可”。
I won't have my house turned into hotel. 我决不允许把我的房子变成旅馆。
“with +宾语+过去分词”结构
“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语。
例如：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)
With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)
With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)
从上述的例子来看，作宾语补足语的过去分词大多数来自及物动词，强调被动或完成。然而也有少数来自不及物动词，强调动作完成后的状态。
链接高考
【考例1】John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work __________, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished 　　　B. finishing C. having finished　　　　D. was finished
【考例2】— Did Peter fix the computer himself — He _____, because he doesn’t know much about computers.
A. has it fixed 　　B. had fixed it 　　C. had it fixed　　 D. fixed it
【考例3】Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _______ in a short period.
A. improved 　　B. improving　　 C. to improve 　　D. improve
巩固练习：
　　1. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left __________.
　　A. unsatisfied　　　　B. unsatisfying 　　C. to be unsatisfying 　　　　D. being unsatisfied
　　2. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.
　　A. it 　　　B. it repaired 　　　C. repaired 　　　D. to be repaired
　　3. In the dream Peter saw himself __________ by a fierce wolf, and he woke up suddenly.
　　A. chased　　 B. to be chased 　　C. be chased 　　D. having been chased
　　4. —Excuse me sir, where is Room 301 　　 —Just a minute. I’ll have Bob __________ you to your room.
　　A. show 　　B. shows　　 C. to show　　 D. showing
　　5. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there __________ for a space flight.
　　A. training 　　B. being trained　　 C. to have trained　　 D. to be trained
　　6. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
　　　 ——Sorry. With so much work __________ my mind, I almost break down.
　　A. filled　　 B. filling 　　C. to fill 　　D. being filled
　　7. — Can I smoke here — Sorry. We don’t allow __________ here. (2007江苏卷)
　　A. people smoking　　 B. people smoke　　 C. to smoke 　　　D. smoking
　　8. I smell something _______ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute (2007全国I)
　　A. burning 　　B burnt 　　C. being burnt　　 D. to be burnt
　　9. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, __________ in the natural light during the day. (2007天津卷)
　　A. to let 　　B. letting　　 C. let 　　D. having let
　　10. My parents have always made me ____about myself, even when I was twelve. (2007江苏卷)
　　A. feeling well 　　B. feeling good　　 C. feel well　　 D. feel good
　　11. With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly –elected president is having a hard time.
　　A. settled 　　　B. settling 　　　C. to settle 　　　D. being settled
　　12. — Why did you go back to the shop 　　　　— I left my friend ________ there.
　　A. waiting 　　　B. to wait　　　 C. wait 　　　D. waits
　　13. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and__down to eat our picnic lunch.
　　A．sitting　　　 B. having sat　　　 C. to sit　　　 D. sat
14. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them __________ in his lectures.
　　A. interested 　　　B. interesting　　　 C. interest　　　 D. to interest
　　15. Helen had to shout ________ about the sound of music.
A. making herself hear　　B. to make herself hear　　C. making herself heard　　D. to make herself heard