Unit
1
Science
and
Scientists
课时素养达标
It
was
a
cold
March
day
in
High
Point,
North
Carolina.
The
girls
on
the
Wesleyan
Academy
softball
team
were
waiting
for
their
next
turns
at
bat
during
practice,
stamping
their
feet
to
stay
warm.
Eighth-grader
Taylor
Bisbee
shivered(发抖)
a
little
as
she
watched
her
teammate
Paris
White
play.
The
two
didn’t
know
each
other
well—Taylor
had
just
moved
to
town
a
month
or
so
before.
Suddenly,
Paris
fell
to
the
ground,
“Paris’
eyes
rolled
back,
”
Taylor
says.
“She
started
shaking.
I
knew
it
was
an
emergency.
”
It
certainly
was.
Paris
had
suffered
a
sudden
heart
failure.
Without
immediate
medical
care,
Paris
would
die.
At
first,
no
one
moved.
The
girls
were
in
shock.
Then
the
softball
coach
shouted
out,
“Does
anyone
know
CPR?
”
CPR
is
a
life-saving
technique.
To
do
CPR,
you
press
on
the
sick
person’s
chest
so
that
blood
moves
through
the
body
and
takes
oxygen
to
organs.
Without
oxygen,
the
brain
is
damaging
quickly.
Amazingly,
Taylor
had
just
taken
a
CPR
course
the
day
before.
Still,
she
hesitated.
She
didn’t
think
she
knew
it
well
enough.
But
when
no
one
else
came
forward,
Taylor
ran
to
Paris
and
began
doing
CPR.
“It
was
scary.
I
knew
it
was
the
difference
between
life
and
death,
”
says
Taylor.
Taylor’s
swift
action
helped
her
teammates
calm
down.
One
girl
called
911.
Two
more
ran
to
get
the
school
nurse,
who
brought
a
defibrillator,
an
electronic
device(器械)
that
can
shock
the
heart
back
into
work.
Luck
stayed
with
them.
Paris’
heartbeat
returned.
“I
know
I
was
really
lucky,
”
Paris
says
now.
“Most
people
don’t
survive
this.
My
team
saved
my
life.
”
Experts
say
Paris
is
right.
For
a
sudden
heart
failure,
the
single
best
chance
for
survival
is
having
someone
nearby
step
in
and
do
CPR
quickly.
Today,
Paris
is
back
on
the
softball
team.
Taylor
will
apply
to
college
soon.
She
wants
to
be
a
nurse.
“I
feel
more
confident
in
my
actions
now,
”
Taylor
says.
“I
know
I
can
act
under
pressure
in
a
scary
situation.
”
【语篇概述】这是一篇记叙文,
讲述了一个女孩在队友心脏病发作而自己对CPR(心肺复苏)并不十分熟练的情况下,
大胆而又勇敢地挺身而出,
挽救队友生命的故事。
Ⅰ.
Read
the
passage
and
get
the
main
idea
of
the
text.
How
did
Taylor
save
Paris’
life
in
time
using
her
knowledge
of
CPR?
?
Ⅱ.
Choose
the
best
answer.
1.
What
happened
to
Paris
on
a
March
day?
A.
She
caught
a
bad
cold.
B.
She
had
a
sudden
heart
problem.
C.
She
was
knocked
down
by
a
ball.
D.
She
shivered
terribly
during
practice.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段中“Paris
had
suffered
a
sudden
heart
failure”可知,
答案为B。
2.
Why
does
Paris
say
she
was
lucky?
A.
She
made
a
worthy
friend.
B.
She
recovered
from
shock.
C.
She
received
immediate
CPR.
D.
She
came
back
on
the
softball
team.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文章倒数第二、三段的内容可知,
Taylor通过及时做心肺复苏将Paris救了回来,
因此选C。
3.
Which
of
the
following
words
can
best
describe
Taylor?
A.
Enthusiastic
and
kind.
B.
Courageous
and
calm.
C.
Cooperative
and
generous.
D.
Ambitious
and
professional.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。通读全文可知,
Taylor在队友心脏病突然发作而自己对CPR(心肺复苏)并不十分熟练的情况下,
大胆而又勇敢地挺身而出,
挽救了队友的生命,
整个过程她很镇静,
不慌不忙,
故选B。
PAGEUnit
1
Science
and
Scientists
课时素养检测
一 Unit
1 Period
1
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
The
advancement
of
human
civilization
is
possible
just
because
of
enormous
contribution
made
by
scientists.
They
are
one
of
the
most
influential
people
of
today’s
world.
With
practical
advantages
in
engineering,
medicine
and
technology,
they
have
helped
us
to
grow
better
understanding
about
the
world
and
different
working
phenomenon
that
governs
us.
Their
names
are
remembered
in
the
sands
of
time
for
their
work
in
the
welfare
of
mankind
with
different
inventions
that
has
made
our
modern
lives
easy.
Here
is
a
list
of
the
four
great
scientists
we’ve
ever
seen
who
changed
the
world.
Louis
Pasteur(1822～1895)
Pasteur
contributed
greatly
towards
the
advancement
of
medical
sciences
developing
cures
for
rabies(狂犬病),
anthrax
and
other
infectious
diseases.
He
also
invented
the
process
of
pasteurization(加热杀菌法)to
make
milk
safer
to
drink.
He
probably
saved
more
lives
than
any
other
person.
Otto
Hahn(1879～1968)
Hahn
was
a
German
chemist
who
discovered
nuclear
fission(裂变)in
1939.
He
was
a
pioneering
scientist
in
the
field
of
radio-chemistry,
and
discovered
radioactive
elements
in
1921.
He
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
for
Chemistry
in
1944.
Nikola
Tesla(1856～1943)
Tesla
worked
on
electromagnetism
and
AC
current.
He
obtained
around
300
patents
worldwide
for
his
inventions
from
electricity
to
radio
transmission,
but
many
inventions
developed
by
Tesla
were
not
put
into
patent
protection.
He
played
a
key
role
in
the
development
of
modern
electricity.
James
Clerk
Maxwell(1831～1879)
Maxwell
made
great
progress
in
understanding
electro-magnetism.
His
research
in
electricity
and
kinetics
laid
the
foundation
for
quantum(量子)physics.
Einstein
said
of
Maxwell,
“The
work
of
James
Clerk
Maxwell
changed
the
world
forever.
”
【语篇概述】本文介绍了四位伟人。四个人都是社会的重要贡献者,
为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。
1.
What
contribution
did
Louis
Pasteur
make
to
society?
A.
The
development
of
medicine.
B.
Radio-chemistry.
C.
Modern
electricity.
D.
Quantum
physics.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据“Pasteur
contributed
greatly
towards
the
advancement
of
medical
sciences
developing
cures
for
rabies,
anthrax
and
other
infectious
diseases.
”可知Louis
Pasteur促进了医学的发展。
2.
Who
was
thought
highly
of
by
Einstein?
A.
Louis
Pasteur.
B.
Otto
Hahn.
C.
Nikola
Tesla.
D.
James
Clerk
Maxwell.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“Einstein
said
of
Maxwell,
’The
work
of
James
Clerk
Maxwell
changed
the
world
forever.
’”可知爱因斯坦对James
Clerk
Maxwell的评价很高。
3.
What
can
we
infer
about
the
four
people?
A.
They
are
medical
pioneers.
B.
They
are
Nobel
Prize
winners.
C.
They
are
great
contributors
to
society.
D.
They
are
founders
of
modern
physics.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知,
他们四个人都是社会的重要贡献者,
为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。
B
In
France,
there
once
lived
a
man
named
Louis
Pasteur,
who
was
a
doctor
of
science.
The
thing
that
concerned
him
most
was
the
disease
rabies.
“I
must
find
the
rabies
germs
(细菌)
that
hide
inside
people
and
make
them
so
sick
that
they
die,
”
he
thought.
“Once
I
find
them,
I’ll
think
of
a
way
to
kill
them.
”
Many
people
thought
Pasteur
was
wasting
his
time.
Some
laughed
at
him
and
said,
“You’ll
never
do
it.
”
Pasteur
didn’t
care
what
people
thought;
he
believed
in
himself.
He
kept
right
on
working.
At
the
same
time,
in
Germany,
a
boy
named
Joey
was
about
to
get
into
trouble.
He
was
teasing
(逗弄)
a
dog.
But
this
dog
was
sick
with
rabies,
which
made
the
dog
mad.
Unfortunately,
the
dog
bit
him.
The
rabies
germs
were
passed
from
the
dog
to
Joey.
Soon
the
little
boy
was
very
sick.
His
parents
could
only
wait.
But
then
there
was
news.
Joey’s
mother
saw
it
and
shouted
for
joy.
“A
doctor
of
science
has
found
a
way
to
save
sick
people
like
Joey!
”
she
said.
The
man,
of
course,
was
Louis
Pasteur.
Joey’s
parents
quickly
prepared
Joey
for
the
long
journey
to
Paris.
“Dr.
Pasteur,
”
said
the
mother.
“Our
little
boy
is
very
sick.
Can
you
help
us?
”
“Perhaps,
”
said
Pasteur.
“I’ve
invented
a
vaccine
(疫苗).
It
is
strong
enough
to
kill
the
rabies
germs.
Joey
will
be
the
first
person
to
have
my
rabies
vaccine.
”
“The
first
person?
”
asked
Joey’s
worried
father
nervously.
“Will
it
be
dangerous?
Are
you
sure
it
will
work?
”
“I
believe
it
will,
”
said
Pasteur.
Slowly
the
vaccine
killed
more
and
more
of
the
rabies
germs.
Joey
began
to
get
well.
Dr.
Pasteur’s
vaccine
was
a
success!
From
then
on
no
one
had
to
be
afraid
of
rabies
anymore,
and
people
who
had
laughed
at
him
before,
respected
him.
He
is
recognized
as
one
of
the
world’s
greatest
scientists.
【语篇概述】本文是记叙文,
介绍了研制出狂犬疫苗的著名法国科学家——巴斯德。
4.
What
was
people’s
first
reaction
towards
Pasteur’s
thoughts
on
killing
rabies
germs?
A.
Hopeful.
B.
Cheerful.
C.
Doubtful.
D.
Uncaring.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容可知,
大家对巴斯德想要消灭狂犬病病毒的事深表怀疑,
都认为他做不到。
5.
What
happened
to
Joey?
A.
He
fought
with
a
dog.
B.
He
drove
a
mad
dog
away.
C.
He
killed
the
rabies
germs.
D.
He
got
rabies
unexpectedly.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He
was
teasing
a
dog.
But
this
dog
was
sick
with
rabies.
.
.
from
the
dog
to
Joey.
”可知Joey被患有狂犬病的狗咬了,
所以他也患上了狂犬病。
6.
Which
of
the
following
words
can
best
describe
Pasteur?
A.
Confident
and
strong-minded.
B.
Careful
and
simple-minded.
C.
Selfless
and
humorous.
D.
Proud
and
imaginative.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段内容及倒数第二段中的“Dr.
Pasteur’s
vaccine
was
a
success!
”可知巴斯德并没有在意世俗的看法,
他非常自信。在他的坚持努力下他终于成功研制出了狂犬疫苗。
7.
What
does
the
text
mainly
talk
about?
A.
The
amazing
story
of
Joey.
B.
Pasteur’s
deep
interest
in
science.
C.
The
first
known
person
to
survive
rabies.
D.
Pasteur’s
success
in
finding
a
treatment
for
rabies.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据巴斯德下定决心研制狂犬疫苗并最终取得成功的故事,
我们可以得知本文的主旨是介绍巴斯德在发明狂犬疫苗方面取得的成就。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
根据短文内容,
从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Children
start
out
as
natural
scientists,
eager
to
look
into
the
world
around
them.
Helping
them
enjoy
science
can
be
easy,
as
there’s
no
need
for
a
lot
of
scientific
terms
or
expensive
lab
equipment.
1 .
?
Give
them
time
to
think.
Studies
over
the
past
30
years
have
shown
that,
after
asking
a
question,
adults
typically
wait
only
one
second
or
less
for
an
answer,
no
time
for
a
child
to
think.
2 ,
children
can
give
more
logical,
complete
and
creative
answers.
?
Watch
your
language.
Once
you
have
a
child
involved
in
a
science
discussion,
don’t
jump
in
with
“That’s
right”
or
“Very
good”.
3 .
But
in
talking
about
science,
quick
praise
can
signal
that
discussion
is
over.
Instead,
keep
things
going
by
saying
“That’s
interesting
or
I
have
never
thought
of
it
that
way
before”,
or
coming
up
with
more
questions
or
ideas.
Never
force
a
child
to
think.
4
as
children
are
always
thinking,
without
your
telling
them
to.
?
What’s
more,
giving
them
freedom
to
think
can
turn
a
conversation
into
a
performance.
The
child
will
try
to
find
the
answer
you
want,
in
as
few
words
as
possible,
so
that
he
will
be
a
smaller
target
for
your
disagreement.
5
Real-life
impressions
of
nature
are
far
more
impressive
than
any
lesson
children
can
learn
from
a
book
or
a
television
program.
Let
children
look
at
their
fingertips
through
a
magnifying
glass
(放大镜),
and
they’ll
understand
why
you
want
them
to
wash
before
dinner.
Rather
than
saying
that
water
evaporates
(蒸发),
set
a
pot
of
water
to
boil
and
let
them
watch
the
water
level
drop.
?
A.
It
doesn’t
make
sense
B.
Listen
to
their
questions
C.
Teach
them
by
examples
D.
You
only
have
to
share
your
children’s
curiosity
E.
It
began
with
a
set
of
questions
that
lasted
nearly
two
hours
F.
When
adults
increase
their
“wait
time”
to
three
seconds
or
more
G.
These
words
work
well
when
it
comes
to
encouraging
good
behavior
【语篇概述】本文就如何帮助孩子观察周围的世界、喜爱科学提出了一些建议。
1.
【解析】选D。根据上文Helping
them
enjoy
science
can
be
easy,
as
there’s
no
need
for
a
lot
of
scientific
terms
or
expensive
lab
equipment.
“帮助他们享受科学很容易,
因为不需要很多科学术语或昂贵的实验室设备。”可知此处应填“你只需要分享你孩子的好奇心”。
2.
【解析】选F。根据下文
children
can
give
more
logical,
complete
and
creative
answers“孩子们可以给出更符合逻辑、更完整、更有创意的答案”可知其原因是“成年人把他们的等待时间增加到3秒或更长”。
3.
【解析】选G。根据下文
But
in
talking
about
science,
quick
praise
can
signal
that
discussion
is
over.
“但是在谈论科学的时候,
快速的赞扬可以表明讨论已经结束。”可知此处应填“当涉及鼓励好的行为时,
这些词很有用”。故选G.
4.
【解析】选A。根据上文“Never
force
a
child
to
think.
“永远不要强迫孩子思考。”可知此处应填“这没有道理”。
5.
【解析】选C。根据下文Real-life
impressions
of
nature
are
far
more
impressive
than
any
lesson
children
can
learn
from
a
book
or
a
television
program.
“现实生活中对自然的印象比孩子们从书本或电视节目中学到的任何东西都要深刻得多。”可知此处应填“用例子来教他们”。故选C。
【素养培优】
【话题小写作】
2018年是我国古代伟大的药物学家李时珍诞辰500周年。请你根据以下要点给你校英语刊物写一篇短文,
让更多的人了解这位伟大的医药学家。
1.
李时珍于1518年7月3日出生于湖北省,
在家人的影响下,
他对医学产生了兴趣;
2.
他读了大量的医学书,
为寻草药他去了很多地方,
拜访了很多人,
甚至以身试药,
历时27年完成巨著《本草纲目》;
3.
他因对世界医学所做出的巨大贡献而名垂后世。
参考词汇:
药物学家
pharmacologist 草药
herb
注意:
1.
词数80个左右:
2.
可以适当增加细节,
以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Born
on
July
3,
1518
in
Hubei
Province,
Li
Shizhen
was
a
great
pharmacologist.
Under
the
influence
of
his
family,
he
developed
an
interest
in
medicine.
He
read
a
large
number
of
books
about
medicine.
To
find
certain
herbs,
he
went
to
plenty
of
places
and
called
on
a
large
number
of
people.
He
even
did
experiments
on
himself.
No
matter
how
difficult,
he
never
gave
up.
Finally,
it
took
him
27
years
to
write
the
great
work
Ben
Cao
Gang
Mu,
which
is
a
collection
of
Chinese
herbs.
Li
Shizhen
is
remembered
for
his
great
contributions
to
the
world
medicine.
阅读理解
You
may
hear
the
expression:
“If
you
give
a
person
a
fish,
they
will
eat
for
a
day.
If
you
teach
a
person
to
fish,
they
can
eat
for
a
lifetime.
”
One
way
to
explain
this
is
that
helping
people
grow
their
own
food
is
a
better
way
to
fight
hunger.
That
is
the
purpose
of
an
agricultural
research
organization
called
HarvestPlus.
HarvestPlus
is
teaching
people
around
the
world
how
to
grow
what
it
calls
“smart”
crops
(庄稼).
Its
project
in
Mozambique,
a
country
in
Southeast
Africa,
is
having
surprising
influences.
Sweet
potatoes
have
vitamin
(维生素)
A,
which
keeps
your
eyes
healthy
and
helps
the
body
fight
disease.
In
2006,
HarvestPlus
workers
provided
orange
sweet
potato
plants
to
people
in
24
Mozambique
villages.
The
workers
taught
these
people
how
to
grow
the
vegetables
and
also
explained
the
importance
of
vitamin
A
to
staying
healthy.
Farmers
in
Mozambique
had
been
planting
white
and
yellow
sweet
potatoes,
which
have
very
little
vitamin
A.
However,
one
small,
orange
sweet
potato
has
a
full
day’s
supply
of
vitamin
A.
Alan
de
Brauw
from
the
International
Food
Policy
Research
Institute
says
about
70
percent
of
children
there
were
not
getting
enough
vitamin
A.
He
says
the
potatoes
had
a
surprising
influence
on
the
health
of
children.
At
the
end
of
the
three-year
study,
the
researchers
found
that
children
living
in
villages
growing
orange
sweet
potatoes
had
40
percent
fewer
chances
of
getting
diarrhea
(痢疾)
than
other
boys
and
girls.
Among
children
under
the
age
of
three,
the
difference
was
50
percent.
Experts
(专家)
are
suggesting
that
connecting
agriculture
and
health
problems
is
natural
and
helpful.
Anne
Herforth,
a
food
expert,
says
the
findings
do
a
good
job
making
the
connection
between
food
production
and
health.
“Look,
you
produce
a
food
and
it’s
available
to
people
to
eat
and
they
like
it;
then
it
does
good
things
for
health.
”
【语篇概述】本文是说明文。农业研究组织HarvestPlus以一种特殊的方式不仅解决了粮食危机而且还改善了人们的健康状况。
1.
Why
was
HarvestPlus
set
up?
A.
To
provide
food
for
people
around
the
world.
B.
To
help
farmers
increase
crop
production.
C.
To
do
research
on
agricultural
products.
D.
To
deal
with
the
hunger
problem.
【解析】选
D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“helping
people
grow
their
own
food
is
a
better
way
to
fight
hunger.
That
is
the
purpose
of
an
agricultural
research
organization
called
HarvestPlus.
”可知,
HarvestPlus这个组织的目的是解决饥饿问题。
2.
What’s
special
about
orange
sweet
potatoes?
A.
They
have
more
vitamin
A.
B.
They
sell
better
in
villages.
C.
They
taste
much
sweeter.
D.
They
are
easier
to
plant.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“white
and
yellow
sweet
potatoes,
which
have
very
little
vitamin
A”和“one
small,
orange
sweet
potato
has
a
full
day’s
supply
of
vitamin
A”可知,
橙色的红薯含有更多的维生素A。
3.
What
surprised
the
researchers?
A.
Diarrhea
was
extremely
common
in
Mozambique
villages.
B.
Orange
sweet
potatoes
strongly
influenced
children’s
health.
C.
Most
children
in
Mozambique
weren’t
getting
enough
vitamin
A.
D.
There
was
a
big
difference
in
the
health
of
children
of
different
ages.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“the
potatoes
had
a
surprising
influence
on
the
health
of
children”以及接下来的研究结果可知,
橙色红薯对儿童的健康有着巨大作用,
这让研究者感到非常诧异。
4.
In
Anne
Herforth’s
opinion,
________.
?
A.
connecting
food
with
health
is
useful
B.
people
should
try
their
best
to
produce
natural
food
C.
agriculture
and
health
problems
always
go
hand
in
hand
D.
it’s
more
important
to
produce
healthy
food
than
delicious
food
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Anne
Herforth.
.
.
says
the
findings
do
a
good
job
making
the
connection
between
food
production
and
health.
”以及她接下来说的话可知,
她认为将食物和健康联系在一起是有用的。
PAGEUnit
1
Science
and
Scientists
课时素养达标
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
Some
students
have
emotional
problems
that
teachers
feel
difficult
to
handle(handle).
?
2.
People
who
have
a
balanced
diet
are
able
to
fight
against
infection(infect).
3.
The
hearts
of
the
people
of
all
the
nationalities
are
linked
(link)to
each
other.
?
4.
It
seems
as
if
Mike
will
win(win)
the
race.
?
5.
The
time
he
spent
on
his
study
has
decreased(decrease)
since
he
became
interested
in
online
games.
?
6.
The
driver
blamed
the
accident
on
the
cyclist.
Ⅱ.
选词填空
be
to
blame,
attend
to,
die
from,
be
linked
with,
be
infected
with,
be
suspected
of
1.
If
you
don’t
attend
to
your
teacher,
you’ll
never
learn
anything.
?
2.
The
bad
weather
is
to
blame
for
the
traffic
accident.
?
3.
In
a
severe
winter,
wild
animals
can
die
from
lack
of
food.
?
4.
So
far,
millions
of
people
have
been
infected
with
COVID-19.
?
5.
Theory
must
be
linked
with
practice.
?
6.
He
was
suspected
of
giving
false
evidence
and
they
wanted
him
to
explain
it.
?
Ⅲ.
汉译英
1.
英语如此重要以至于我们要努力学习它。
English
is
so
important
that
we
should
learn
it
hard.
?
2.
看起来他很喜欢他的新工作。
It
seems
that
he
likes
his
new
job.
?
3.
我妈妈昨天找人修好了洗衣机。
My
mother
had
the
washing
machine
repaired
yesterday.
?
4.
这种鲸鱼的数量在下降。
The
number
of
this
kind
of
whale
is
on
the
decrease.
?
5.
多亏了英语这门语言,
我们能够从其他国家了解很多东西。
PAGEUnit
1
Science
and
Scientists
课时素养检测
二 Unit
1 Period
2
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
Looking
back
on
my
childhood,
I
am
convinced
that
naturalists
are
born
and
not
made.
Although
we
were
all
brought
up
in
the
same
way,
my
brothers
and
sisters
soon
abandoned
their
pressed
flowers
and
insects.
Unlike
them,
I
had
no
ear
for
music
and
languages.
I
was
not
an
early
reader
and
I
could
not
do
mental
maths.
I
have
only
the
unmemorable
memory
of
the
house
we
lived
in,
of
my
room
and
my
toys.
Nor
do
I
recall
clearly
the
large
family
of
grandparents,
aunts,
uncles
and
cousins
who
gathered
next
door.
But
I
do
have
a
crystal
clear
memory
of
the
dogs,
the
farm
animals,
the
local
birds,
and
above
all
the
insects.
I
am
a
naturalist,
not
a
scientist.
I
have
a
strong
love
of
the
natural
world,
and
my
enthusiasm
has
led
me
into
varied
investigations.
I
love
discussing
my
favorite
topics
and
enjoy
burning
the
midnight
oil
while
reading
about
other
people’s
observations
and
discoveries.
Then
something
happens
that
brings
these
observations
together
in
my
conscious
mind.
This
has
resulted
in
my
publishing
300
papers
and
books,
which
some
might
honour
with
the
title
of
scientific
research.
But
curiosity,
a
keen
eye,
a
good
memory
and
enjoyment
of
the
animal
and
plant
world
do
not
make
a
scientist:
One
of
the
outstanding
and
essential
qualities
required
is
self-discipline,
a
quality
I
lack.
A
scientist
requires
not
only
self-discipline
but
all
training,
determination
and
a
goal.
A
scientist,
up
to
a
point,
can
be
made.
A
naturalist
is
born.
If
you
can
combine
the
two,
you
get
the
best
of
both
worlds.
【语篇概述】本文作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理:
博物学家是天生的,
而科学家则是可以后天培养的。
1.
What
impressed
the
author
deeply
during
his
childhood?
A.
Wildlife.
B.
Music.
C.
Languages.
D.
Literature.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But
I
do
have
a
crystal
clear
memory
of
the
dogs,
the
farm
animals,
the
local
birds,
and
above
all
the
insects.
”可知,
作者在童年时,
印象深刻的是那些野生生物。
2.
Why
can’t
the
author
remember
his
relatives
clearly?
A.
He
didn’t
live
with
them
for
long.
B.
The
family
was
extremely
large.
C.
He
was
fully
occupied
with
observing
nature.
D.
He
was
too
young
when
he
lived
with
them.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But
I
do
have
a
crystal
clear
memory
of
the
dogs,
the
farm
animals,
the
local
birds,
and
above
all
the
insects.
”可推知,
作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意,
所以没有深刻的印象,
这与第四段第二句中的“I
have
a
strong
love
of
the
natural
world”呼应。
3.
According
to
the
author,
what
personality
should
a
born
naturalist
have
first
of
all?
A.
Being
knowledgeable.
B.
Being
self-disciplined.
C.
Being
full
of
ambition.
D.
Being
full
of
enthusiasm.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I
am
a
naturalist,
not
a
scientist.
I
have
a
strong
love
of
the
natural
world,
and
my
enthusiasm
has
led
me
into
varied
investigations.
”可知,
作者从小热爱自然界,
而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查,
成了一个博物学家。由此可推知,
一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情。
4.
Why
does
the
author
say
he
is
a
naturalist,
not
a
scientist?
A.
He
thinks
he
lacks
some
quality
required
of
a
scientist.
B.
He
thinks
he
has
much
trouble
doing
mental
arithmetic.
C.
He
thinks
he
comes
up
with
solutions
in
a
most
natural
way.
D.
He
thinks
he
just
reads
about
other
people’s
observations.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“But
curiosity,
a
keen
eye,
a
good
memory
and
enjoyment
of
the
animal
and
plant
world
do
not
make
a
scientist:
One
of
the
outstanding
and
essential
qualities
required
is
self-discipline,
a
quality
I
lack.
”可知,
作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质。
B
A
list
of
Benjamin
Franklin’s
inventions
reveals
a
man
of
many
talents
and
interests.
His
natural
curiosity
about
things
and
the
way
they
work
made
him
try
to
find
ways
to
make
them
work
better.
Ben
had
poor
vision
and
needed
glasses
to
read.
He
got
tired
of
constantly
taking
them
off
and
putting
them
back
on,
so
he
decided
to
figure
out
how
his
glasses
would
let
him
see
both
near
and
far.
He
had
two
pairs
of
glasses
cut
in
half
and
put
half
of
each
lens(镜片)in
a
single
frame.
Today,
we
call
them
bifocals(双光眼镜).
Everyone
knows
the
story
of
Ben’s
famous
kite
flight.
Although
he
made
important
discoveries
and
advancements,
Ben
did
not
“invent”the
electricity.
He
did,
however,
invent
the
lightning
rod
which
protects
buildings
and
ships
from
lightning.
In
colonial
America,
most
people
warmed
their
homes
by
building
a
fire
in
a
fireplace
even
though
it
was
dangerous
and
used
a
lot
of
wood.
Ben
figured
that
there
had
to
be
a
better
way.
His
invention
of
an
iron
furnace
stove
allowed
people
to
warm
their
homes
less
dangerously
and
with
less
wood.
The
furnace
stove
that
he
invented
is
called
the
Franklin
Stove.
Interestingly
enough,
Ben
also
established
the
first
fire
company
and
the
first
fire
insurance
company
in
order
to
help
people
live
more
safely.
As
a
postmaster,
Ben
had
to
figure
out
routes
for
delivering
the
mail.
He
went
out
riding
in
his
carriage
to
measure
the
routes
and
needed
a
way
to
keep
track
of
the
distance.
He
invented
a
simple
odometer(里程表)and
attached
it
to
his
carriage.
Later,
other
famous
inventors,
like
Tomas
A.
Edison
and
Alexander
Graham
Bell,
followed
in
Ben’s
footsteps
by
trying
to
find
ways
to
help
people
live
better.
【语篇概述】本文主要讲述了本杰明·富兰克林的一系列的实用发明物。
5.
How
many
things
invented
by
Benjamin
Franklin
are
mentioned
in
the
passage?
A.
3.
B.
4.
C.
5.
D.
6.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。本文从上至下讲述了本杰明·富兰克林的发明有:
双光眼镜、避雷针、铁皮炉子和里程表四种。
6.
Which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
A.
Franklin
invented
the
bifocals
because
of
his
poor
vision.
B.
Franklin
invented
the
odometer
to
make
his
riding
easier.
C.
Franklin
first
invented
the
electricity
and
then
the
lightning
rod.
D.
Franklin
invented
the
odometer
when
he
worked
in
a
post
office.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的叙述可知,
富兰克林在邮局工作时,
发明了一个简单的里程表,
并把它装在了他送邮件的车上。
7.
What
characteristic
did
Franklin,
Edison
and
Bell
have
in
common?
A.
They
had
a
strong
desire
to
make
life
better.
B.
They
were
excellent
students
at
school.
C.
They
were
born
in
the
same
age.
D.
They
made
people’s
life
simple.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“by
trying
to
find
ways
to
help
people
live
better”可推知,
这些科学家们都有强烈的使人们的生活更加美好的愿望。
8.
What
would
be
the
best
title
for
this
passage?
A.
The
life
of
Benjamin
Franklin
B.
Benjamin
Franklin,
a
great
inventor
C.
A
man
of
many
talents
and
interests
D.
How
to
help
people
live
better
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。全文讲述了本杰明·富兰克林从生活的实际出发,
发明了一系列有利于自己、有利于他人的实用物品。
【技法导练】确定主题句,
巧解主旨大意题
一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括,
这个句子叫主题句。
一般说来说明文和议论文都有主题句,
而且多位于文章的开头,
有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文章中直接找到主题句,
要在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容,
具有高度的综合性和概括性,
文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
例如B篇阅读理解第8题是一个主旨大意题。文章的第一句“A
list
of
Benjamin
Franklin’s
inventions
reveals
a
man
of
many
talents
and
interests.
”就是本篇文章的主题句。由此引出下文,
讲述了本杰明·富兰克林从生活的实际出发,
发明了一系列有利于自己、有利于他人的实用物品。
Ⅱ.
完形填空
I’ve
always
loved
reading.
As
a
child,
I’d
hide
a
book
and
a
torch(手电筒)
under
my
pillow.
And
I
1
telling
a
friend
I’d
write
a
novel
one
day.
I
was
2
in
Liverpool,
and
the
teachers
thought
it
would
be
3
for
students
of
science
to
find
a
good
job.
So
I
went
to
do
science
and
got
a
degree
in
physiology.
?
I
became
a
medical
writer
later,
but
it
wasn’t
what
I
had
expected.
Then
I
was
a
4
for
19
years:
I
needed
to
be
with
my
two
boys.
As
they
got
5 ,
things
changed.
I
did
English
A-level
when
my
youngest
son
went
to
school,
but
still
felt
something
was
6 .
Ten
years
ago,
my
elder
son
was
doing
his
A-levels
and
my
younger
son
did
well
in
GCSE,
and
they
were
both
receiving
further
education
7 .
My
husband
had
become
a
great
lawyer,
but
I
was
just
driving
the
kids
to
training,
and
washing
their
8
sports
clothes.
I
felt
as
if
my
mental
life
had
9 .
?
It
really
was
a
light
bulb
moment:
I
woke
up
one
morning
and
sat
up.
I
thought,
“My
husband
and
children
are
all
doing
what
they
10 .
I’ve
looked
after
them
for
all
these
years,
and
I
11
want
to
do
what
I
want.
I’m
going
to
12
today.
”
That’s
it.
Aged
58,
I
published
my
first
book,
Obsession,
which
is
one
of
surprise
hits.
?
I
moved
on,
13
about
the
good
way
to
improve
my
writing
skills.
My
next
big
step
was
going
on
a
writing
14
in
London
to
learn
more
about
how
to
do
it
well.
Now,
my
second
book
Guilt
has
15 .
If
I
can
do
it,
maybe
anyone
can.
If
you’ve
gotten
good
imagination
and
ideas,
give
it
a
go.
?
【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己在50多岁时开始文学创作之路的经历告诉我们:
只要有想象力,
有思想,
就应该付诸行动。
1.
A.
remember
B.
forget
C.
enjoy
D.
risk
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据前文作者喜欢读书可推断作者记得曾经给人说过要写一本小说。
2.
A.
taken
away
B.
turned
down
C.
called
on
D.
brought
up
【解析】选D。短语辨析题。这里是讲述小时候的事情,
所以是说作者在利物浦被养大。take
away“带走;
拿走”;
turn
down“拒绝”;
call
on“号召”;
bring
up“抚育;
养育”。
3.
A.
more
challenging
B.
luckier
C.
more
skillful
D.
easier
【解析】选D。上下文语境题。根据下文I
went
to
do
science
and
got
a
degree
in
physiology可知,
老师认为学理科更容易找一份好工作。
4.
A.
housewife
B.
writer
C.
teacher
D.
guide
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据下文“needed
to
be
with
my
two
boys”及“looked
after
them
for
all
these
years”可知,
作者当了19年的主妇。
5.
A.
brighter
B.
kinder
C.
older
D.
happier
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。儿子们长大一些的时候,
情况发生了变化。
6.
A.
leaving
B.
warning
C.
showing
D.
missing
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据上文I
did
English
A-level和下文but一词可推断作者总感觉生活中缺少点什么。
7.
A.
hopefully
B.
carefully
C.
gratefully
D.
meaningfully
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。两个儿子在考试中表现都不错,
所以都很有希望继续接受教育。
8.
A.
fashionable
B.
smelly
C.
beautiful
D.
ordinary
【解析】选B。上下文语境题。根据语境可知,
作者送孩子去训练,
还要给他们洗有臭味的运动服。
9.
A.
advanced
B.
lied
C.
doubled
D.
stopped
【解析】选D。上下文语境题。作者一直在照顾家人,
因此感觉自己的精神生活好像停止了。
10.
A.
doubt
B.
control
C.
want
D.
get
【解析】选C。上下文语境题。根据下文“to
do
what
I
want”可知,
孩子和丈夫都做着他们自己想做的事情。
11.
A.
hardly
B.
really
C.
slowly
D.
probably
【解析】选B。背景常识题。想做的事通常是自己真正喜欢的事。
12.
A.
quit
B.
wait
C.
avoid
D.
start
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据today一词可推断作者下定决心,
今天就开始行动。
13.
A.
thinking
B.
talking
C.
worrying
D.
arguing
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据语境可知,
作者继续前行,
思考提高写作技巧的方法。
14.
A.
party
B.
service
C.
course
D.
comment
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据下文“to
learn
more
about
how
to
do
it
well”可知,
作者为了写作参加了一门写作课程。
15.
A.
broken
off
B.
come
out
C.
fallen
behind
D.
taken
off
【解析】选B。短语辨析题。根据语境可知,
作者的第二本书出版了。break
off“中断;
断裂”;
come
out“出版”;
fall
behind“落后”;
take
off“脱下;
起飞”。所以选B。
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Stephen
Hawking,
who
tried
1.
(explain)
some
of
the
most
complicated
questions
of
life
while
himself
working
under
the
shadow
of
a
poor
physical
condition,
has
died
at
the
age
of
76.
He
died
2.
(peace)
at
his
home
in
Cambridge
in
the
early
hours
of
Wednesday.
The
UK’s
Press
Association
reported
his
3.
(die),
citing
(引用)a
spokesman
for
the
family.
“Mr
Hawking
and
his
contribution
will
be
remembered
forever,
”
Foreign
Ministry
spokesman
Lu
Kang
said
on
Wednesday.
“He
was
an
outstanding
scientist
and
a
fighter
who
struggled
against
the
disease
and
contributed
greatly
4.
mankind’s
understanding
of
science.
”
5.
(bear)
in
Oxford,
England
on
January
8,
1942,
the
British
theoretical
physicist
6.
(know)
for
his
groundbreaking
work
with
black
holes
and
relativity,
and
was
the
author
of
several
popular
science
books,
7.
(include)A
Brief
History
of
Time.
His
8.
(child),
Lucy,
Robert
and
Tim,
said:
“We
are
deeply
saddened
that
our
beloved
father
passed
away
today.
He
was
a
great
scientist
and
9.
extraordinary
man,
10.
work
and
legacy(遗产)will
live
on
for
many
years.
”
They
praised
his
courage
and
persistence
and
said
his
talent
and
humor
inspired
people
across
the
world.
【语篇概述】本文为人物传记,
主要对伟大的物理学家霍金进行了简单的介绍。
1.
【解析】to
explain。考查固定搭配。try
to
do
sth.
为固定搭配,
意为“尽力做某事,
试图做某事”。
2.
【解析】peacefully。考查副词。句意:
星期三凌晨他在剑桥的家里平静地死去。此处在句中修饰动词died,
修饰动词要用副词。
3.
【解析】death。考查名词。前面有形容词his修饰,
所以要用名词形式death。
4.
【解析】to。考查固定搭配。句意:
他是一位杰出的科学家和战士,
他奋力抗击疾病,
极大地促进了人类对科学的认识。contribute
to为固定搭配,
意为“促进,
有助于”。
5.
【解析】Born。考查固定搭配。be
born
in
为固定搭配,
意为“出生于”。放在句首,
省去be动词。
6.
【解析】was
known。考查固定搭配。
be
known
for.
.
.
为固定搭配,
意为“因……出名”。霍金已经去世,
所以要用一般过去时。
7.
【解析】including。考查介词。此处
including用作介词,
意为“其中包括……”。
8.
【解析】children。考查名词复数。分析本句可知,
他有三个孩子,
所以填child的复数形式children。
9.
【解析】an。考查冠词。句意:
他是一位伟大的科学家,
他是一个了不起的人。extraordinary
以元音音素开头,
所以填an。
10.
【解析】whose。考查定语从句。分析本句可知an
extraordinary
man是先行词,
空格处在从句中作定语,
修饰work
and
legacy,
所以填whose。
PAGEUnit
1
Science
and
Scientists
课时素养达标
Ⅰ.
选用适当的连接词填空
that,
where,
what,
how,
why,
whether,
because,
as
if
1.
The
question
discussed
at
the
meeting
was
whether
it
was
worth
trying.
2.
All
this
was
over
twenty
years
ago,
but
it
seems
as
if/that
it
were
only
yesterday.
?
3.
The
trouble
is
that
I
lost
the
key
to
my
room.
4.
I’m
a
bit
sleepy.
It’s
because
I
was
up
all
night.
5.
That
was
where
I
spent
my
holiday.
6.
My
suggestion
is
that
we
(should)
start
early
tomorrow.
7.
I
didn’t
phone
her,
and
that’s
why
she
got
angry
with
me.
8.
Whether
ways
will
be
found
to
stop
pollution
or
not
is
just
what
worries
the
public.
9.
The
problem
is
how
we
can
finish
the
task
before
Tuesday.
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1.
The
fact
was
that
he
didn’t
really
try.
?
事实是他没有做真正的努力。
2.
The
question
is
whether
it
will
rain
tomorrow.
?
问题是明天是否会下雨。
3.
It
seems
as
if/that
she
had
known
Millie
for
years.
?
看起来她认识米莉已有好多年了。
4.
That’s
where
I
first
met
her.
?
那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
5.
The
problem
is
who
is
really
fit
for
the
hard
job.
?
问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
6.
That’s
why
I’m
writing
to
voice
my
opinion.
?
那就是我写信发表我自己的观点的原因。
7.
The
question
remains
whether
they
will
be
able
to
help
us.
?
问题还是他们能否帮我们。
8.
The
little
girl
is
no
longer
what
she
used
to
be.
?
这个小女孩已经不再是以前的那个小女孩了。
Ⅲ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Way
back
in
1674,
a
frog
helped
Antonie
van
Leeuwenhoek
make
an
incredible
discovery.
Antonie
was
an
amateur
scientist
from
Holland,
so
fascinated
by
microscopes
1.
he’d
built
some
of
his
own.
One
rainy
day,
as
he
went
for
a
walk,
a
leaping
frog
2.
(draw)
his
attention
to
a
puddle.
Antonie
collected
a
drop
of
puddle
water
and
put
it
3.
his
microscope.
He
was
amazed
4.
(see)
a
whole
community
of
creatures
swimming
in
this
one
drop
—
tiny
beings
no
one
had
ever
seen
before.
These
tiny
beings,
called
microbes,
are
everywhere:
in
dirt,
in
food
and
on
your
kitchen
table.
People
5.
(cover)
in
them,
too.
6.
you
were
to
count
all
the
microbes
on
and
inside
your
body,
you
would
find
your
body
has
more
microbes
than
the
world
has
people—over
6
billion!
Microbes
can’t
survive
on
7.
(they)
own.
They
need
food.
After
8.
(settle)
into
a
home—you,
for
instance—they
steal
vitamins
and
other
nutrients
and
leave
behind
dead
cells
and
poisonous
liquids
called
toxins.
Some
microbes
can
make
you
sick.
People
usually
call
these
ones
germs.
9.
(lucky)
for
you,
there
are
more
10.
(help)
microbes,
working
together
to
keep
you
healthy,
than
bad
ones.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,
通过安东尼用显微镜发现水滴中的微生物引出话题,
指出微生物无处不在,
但大多数微生物对人类是有益的。
1.
【解析】that。考查连词。根据前文的so可知本空应用that引导结果状语从句,
so.
.
.
that.
.
.
意为“如此……以至于”。
2.
【解析】drew。考查动词时态。根据One
rainy
day可知本句应用一般过去时,
所以填drew。
3.
【解析】under。考查介词。根据常识可知,
要把物体放到显微镜下面观察,
用介词under“在……下面”。
4.
【解析】to
see。考查固定搭配。be
amazed
to
do
sth.
为固定用法,
意为“做某事很惊讶”。
5.
【解析】are
covered。考查动词时态和语态。根据语境可知,
此处讲述客观事实,
应用一般现在时;
本句中的cover和主语People之间是被动关系,
故应用一般现在时的被动语态,
故填are
covered。
6.
【解析】If。考查连词。如果你要数你身体上和身体内所有的微生物,
你会发现你的身体上有比世界上的人口还要多的微生物——超过60亿!
根据语境可知,
本空应用连词If引导条件状语从句。
7.
【解析】their。考查代词。on
one’s
own为固定用法,
意为“单独地,
独自地”。
8.
【解析】settling。考查动名词。介词After后要用动名词形式,
故本空应填settling。
9.
【解析】Luckily。考查副词。放在句首,
修饰整个句子用副词。
10.
【解析】helpful。考查形容词。根据语境可知,
本空应用形容词修饰名词microbes,
所以填helpful。
PAGEUnit
1
Science
and
Scientists
课时素养检测
三 Unit
1 Period
3
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
Studying
the
DNA
of
300
mice
has
flagged
up
genes
which
have
been
linked
to
hereditary
(遗传的)
sight
loss
for
the
first
time.
Researchers
say
because
mice’s
genes
are
so
similar
to
humans’,
their
findings
could
lead
to
the
treatment
of
more
genetic
diseases.
Scientists
at
the
University
of
California,
Davis
studied
information
from
a
data
bank
of
mice’s
genetic
material.
They
found
347
genes
linked
to
eye
problems,
with
just
86
of
them
having
been
studied
in
the
past.
Only
around
50
to
75
percent
of
hereditary
eye
diseases
in
human
can
be
explained
with
present
science.
The
researchers
believe
these
hundreds
of
new
genes
found
in
mice
could
be
a
key
to
explaining—and
therefore
being
able
to
treat
the
other
25—50
percent.
“This
is
extremely
valuable
for
people
with
hereditary
eye
disease,
”said
researcher
Professor
Ala
Moshiri.
“All
researchers
are
going
to
start
using
these
data.
In
the
past,
we
knew
the
problem
was
there
but
we
didn’t
know
where
to
look.
Now
eye
centers
can
call
back
patients
and
screen
them
for
these
new
genes.
We
expected
that
more
and
more
of
these
genetic
diseases
will
be
treatable.
”Also,
the
fact
is
that
more
than
60
percent
of
eye
problems
at
birth
are
ones
resulting
from
the
baby’s
parents!
Thanks
to
data
from
the
International
Mouse
Phenotyping
Consortium
(IMPC),
which
is
trying
to
work
out
what
every
single
gene
in
a
mouse
is
responsible
for,
with
the
aim
of
translating
it
to
humans,
scientists
are
moving
closer
to
figuring
out
all
genetic
causes
of
blindness.
To
do
this,
scientists
separate
a
single
gene
from
other
ones
at
a
time
and
then
observe
what
effect
it
has
on
the
mouse
for
a
long
time.
This
has
so
far
been
done
more
than
7,
000
times
and
has
achieved
great
success.
Researchers
are
now
working
alongside
eye
care
centers
in
Texas
and
Iowa
in
order
to
compare
the
mice’s
genes
to
those
of
patients.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇科普说明文。加州大学戴维斯分校的科学家们对小白鼠数百种的新基因进行了研究。研究的成果是解释人类遗传性眼病的关键。
1.
How
many
hereditary-sight-loss-related
genes
were
newly
found?
A.
86.
B.
261.
C.
300.
D.
347.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段They
found
347
genes
linked
to
eye
problems,
with
just
86
of
them
having
been
studied
in
the
past.
可知,
他们发现347个基因与眼睛问题有关,
其中只有86个基因在过去被研究过。即新发现与遗传性失明相关的基因有:
347-86=261个。
2.
Why
is
the
percentage
of
genetic
eye
problems
mentioned
in
Paragraph
3?
A.
To
show
the
significance
of
studying
mice’s
genes.
B.
To
prove
mice’s
genes
are
similar
to
humans’.
C.
To
warn
the
high
risk
level
of
suffering
them.
D.
To
explain
how
common
they
are
among
people.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第三段The
researchers
believe
these
hundreds
of
new
genes
found
in
mice
could
be
a
key
to
explaining—and
therefore
being
able
to
treat
the
other
25-50
percent.
可知,
研究人员认为,
在老鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释这一现象的关键,
因此能够治疗另外25%至50%的疾病。即第三段提到遗传性眼睛问题的百分比是为了展示研究老鼠基因的重要性。
3.
What
should
scientists
do
first
to
unlock
secrets
of
genetic
blindness?
A.
Compare
humans’
genes
with
mice’s.
B.
Recognize
each
gene’s
role
of
humans.
C.
Set
apart
a
gene
of
a
mouse
each
time.
D.
Figure
out
each
gene’s
function
of
a
mouse.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由最后一段To
do
this,
scientists
separate
a
single
gene
from
other
ones
at
a
time
and
then
observe
what
effect
it
has
on
the
mouse
for
a
long
time.
可知,
科学家们一次将一个基因从其他基因中分离出来,
然后观察它在很长一段时间内对老鼠有什么影响。即为了解开基因性失明的秘密,
科学家们首先应该每次从老鼠身上分离出一个基因。
4.
What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.
New
Ways
to
Cure
Sight
Loss
B.
Genes
Found
Behind
Eye
Problems
C.
Genetic
Diseases
Discovered
in
Mice
D.
Humans’
Genes
Causing
Eye
Diseases
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章主要内容:
科学家发现在小白鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释人类遗传性眼部疾病的关键。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
根据短文内容,
从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Florence
Nightingale
was
named
after
her
birthplace,
Florence,
Italy.
When
she
was
almost
one
year
old,
she
returned
with
her
family
to
England.
Florence
often
helped
her
mother
deliver
(运送)
food
to
the
poor
and
sick.
1
Her
family
was
shocked
because
nursing
was
not
a
respected
profession
(职业).
But
Florence
was
determined.
She
studied
books
on
medicine.
Later,
she
visited
hospitals
in
France,
Germany
and
Ireland
and
learned
everything
she
could.
2 ?
In
1854,
Britain
was
at
war
with
Russia.
Florence
went
to
the
British
hospital
in
Scutari
and
she
was
shocked.
The
hospital
left
men
lying
on
the
floor,
and
rats
were
running
everywhere.
3
Many
soldiers
died
before
receiving
help.
?
The
doctors
wouldn’t
listen
to
Florence
because
they
didn’t
like
the
idea
of
women
in
army
hospitals—until
one
day
500
unexpected
casualties(伤亡者)
arrived.
4
Florence
made
changes,
making
sure
the
men
were
washed
and
their
injuries
were
cared
for.
Every
night
she
would
check
the
patients
with
her
lamp.
When
she
returned
home
after
the
war,
a
fund
had
been
set
up
in
her
honor.
Many
of
the
soldiers
she
had
nursed
had
made
contributions
(捐款).
Now
she
could
set
up
the
Nightingale
Training
School
in
London.
?
After
years
of
hard
work,
Florence
Nightingale
saw
cleaner
and
more
cheerful
hospitals.
5
All
of
this
was
because
of
the
“lady
with
the
lamp”.
?
A.
Nursing
became
an
honored
profession.
B.
There
was
no
running
water
and
no
heat.
C.
She
knew
she
had
much
to
learn
about
nursing.
D.
Florence
saw
the
soldiers’
health
had
improved.
E.
As
she
grew
older,
she
decided
to
become
a
nurse.
F.
They
soon
realized
that
Florence
could
give
a
hand.
G.
Upon
returning
home,
she
was
an
expert
on
hospital
management.
【语篇概述】本文讲述了南丁格尔为医学界中重要的护理事业做出的巨大贡献。
1.
【解析】选E。根据下一句
Her
family
was
shocked
because
nursing
was
not
a
respected
profession.
可知,
E项“随着南丁格尔慢慢长大,
她决定要当一名护士”符合语境。
2.
【解析】选G。根据上一句中的
she
visited
hospitals
in
France,
Germany
and
Ireland
and
learned
everything
she
could推知南丁格尔回到英国后已经非常熟悉医院管理方面的知识。
3.
【解析】选B。选项内容与上一句The
hospital
left
men
lying
on
the
floor,
and
rats
were
running
everywhere.
并列,
描述医院的条件非常差。
4.
【解析】选F。根据上一句中的The
doctors
wouldn’t
listen
to
Florence和下一句中的Florence
made
changes可知,
划线处在此承上启下,
因此F项“那些医生很快意识到弗洛伦斯能帮上忙”符合该处语境。
5.
【解析】选A。根据上一段末句中的she
could
set
up
the
Nightingale
Training
School
in
London以及该段中的cleaner
and
more
cheerful
hospitals可知南丁格尔经过多年的努力使得护理成为了一个令人尊敬的职业。
Ⅲ.
完形填空
Charlotte
Whitehead
was
born
in
England
in
1843,
and
moved
to
Montreal,
Canada
at
the
age
of
five
with
her
family.
While
1
her
ill
elder
sister
throughout
the
years,
Charlotte
discovered
she
had
an
interest
in
medicine.
At
18
she
married
and
2
a
family.
Several
years
later,
Charlotte
said
she
wanted
to
be
a
3
.
Her
husband
supported
her
decision.
?
Unfortunately,
Canadian
medical
schools
did
not
4
women
students
at
the
time.
Therefore,
Charlotte
went
to
the
United
States
to
study
5
at
the
Women’s
Medical
College
in
Philadelphia.
It
took
her
five
years
to
earn
her
medical
degree.
?
Upon
graduation,
Charlotte
6
to
Montreal
and
set
up
a
private
7
.
Three
years
later,
she
moved
to
Winnipeg,
Manitoba,
and
there
she
was
once
again
a
busy
doctor.
Many
of
her
patients
were
from
the
nearby
timber
and
railway
camps.
Charlotte
8
herself
operating
on
damaged
limbs
and
setting
9
bones,
in
addition
to
delivering
all
the
babies
in
the
area.
?
But
Charlotte
had
been
practicing
without
a
license.
She
had
10
a
doctor’s
license
in
both
Montreal
and
Winnipeg,
but
was
11
.
The
Manitoba
College
of
Physicians
and
Surgeons,
an
all-male
board,
wanted
her
to
12
her
studies
at
a
Canadian
medical
college!
Charlotte
refused
to
leave
her
patients
to
spend
time
studying
what
she
already
knew.
So
in
1887,
she
appealed
to
the
Manitoba
Legislature
to
13
a
license
to
her
but
they,
too,
refused.
Charlotte
14
to
practice
without
a
license
until
1912.
She
died
four
years
later
at
the
age
of
73.
?
In
1993,
77
years
after
her
15
,
a
medical
license
was
issued
to
Charlotte.
This
decision
was
made
by
the
Manitoba
Legislature
to
honor
“this
courageous
and
pioneering
woman.
”
?
【语篇概述】本文讲述了一位女医生冲破性别歧视的羁绊救死扶伤的故事。
1.
A.
raising
B.
teaching
C.
nursing
D.
missing
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据下文“her
ill
elder
sister”可知此处是“护理她生病的姐姐”。nurse“护理”。
2.
A.
invented
B.
selected
C.
offered
D.
started
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。18岁时结了婚,
所以开始(拥有)了家庭。
3.
A.
doctor
B.
musician
C.
lawyer
D.
physicist
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据上文中的“她对医学感兴趣”及下一段中Charlotte
went
to.
.
.
at
the
Women’s
Medical
College
in
Philadelphia.
可知此处是想当医生。
4.
A.
hire
B.
entertain
C.
trust
D.
accept
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。加拿大的医学院不接受女学生。hire“雇佣”;
entertain“款待,
招待”;
trust
“相信”;
accept“接受”。根据句意选D。
5.
A.
history
B.
physics
C.
medicine
D.
law
【解析】选C。词汇复现题。结合上文,
不能在加拿大学医,
她只好到美国去学医。
6.
A.
returned
B.
escaped
C.
spread
D.
wandered
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。一毕业,
她就回到了蒙特利尔,
第一段第一句有提示。
7.
A.
school
B.
museum
C.
clinic
D.
lab
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。学医之后,
她回到蒙特利尔开了一家私人诊所。clinic“诊所;
门诊部”。
8.
A.
helped
B.
found
C.
troubled
D.
imagined
【解析】选B。固定搭配题。find
oneself
doing.
.
.
“发觉自己在做某事”。此处强调她自己一直忙于做手术。
9.
A.
harmful
B.
tired
C.
broken
D.
weak
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据句中的“damaged
limbs”可知此处应选“broken”。set
the
broken
bones“接骨”。
10.
A.
put
away
B.
taken
over
C.
turned
in
D.
applied
for
【解析】选D。背景常识题。没有行医执照,
所以去申请。apply
for“申请”。
11.
A.
punished
B.
refused
C.
blamed
D.
fired
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。句中but表示转折的关系。她申请行医执照,
但是被拒绝了。
12.
A.
display
B.
change
C.
preview
D.
complete
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。曼尼托巴医学院要她在一所加拿大的医学院里完成学业。complete“完成”。
13.
A.
sell
B.
donate
C.
issue
D.
show
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。由于医学院拒绝发给她行医执照,
她只好要求立法机构给她发一个执照,
但是也被拒绝了。sell“卖”;
donate“捐赠”;
issue“颁发”;
show“表演”。根据语境选C。
14.
A.
continued
B.
promised
C.
pretended
D.
dreamed
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据语境可知Charlotte在没有执照的情况下,
继续行医直至1912年。
15.
A.
birth
B.
death
C.
wedding
D.
graduation
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。结合上文,
发给她行医执照应该是她去世后77年的事了。
Ⅳ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We
are
deeply
saddened
by
the
passing
of
Dr.
Li
Wenliang.
Dr.
Li
Wenliang,
one
of
the
eight“whistle
blowers”
who
tried
1.
(warn)
fellow
medics(医师)of
2.
novel
coronavirus,
died
early
on
Friday.
Wuhan
Central
Hospital
3.
(confirm)
in
a
statement
released
on
4.
(it)
official
Weibo
account.
“Our
hospital’s
ophthalmologist
Li
Wenliang
was
5.
(unfortunate)
infected
with
COVID-19
during
his
work
in
the
fight
6.
the
novel
coronavirus
epidemic,
”
the
statement
read,
7.
(add)
“He
died
at
2:
58
a.
m.
on
February
7
after
attempts
to
resuscitate
were
unsuccessful.
”
“After
emergency
treatment,
Li
Wenliang
passed
away,
”
the
Central
Hospital
of
Wuhan
announced
on
Weibo,
China’s
version
of
Twitter.
“We
deeply
regret
and
mourn
Li’s
8.
(die).
”
Dr.
Li
is
a
hero,
9.
will
live
in
our
hearts
forever.
May
God
bless
all
the
courageous
doctors
and
10.
(nurse)
fighting
on
the
front
line.
【语篇概述】在疫情爆发之前,
他们选择站出来,
让更多应该知道真相的人知道了真相。以此文沉痛哀悼和纪念一位伟大的医生——李文亮!
1.
【解析】to
warn。考查固定搭配。try
to
do
sth.
“尽力去做某事”
2.
【解析】the。考查冠词。此处特指新冠病毒。
3.
【解析】confirmed。考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知此处用一般过去式。
4.
【解析】its。考查代词。后面的official
Weibo是名词,
所以此处用形容词性物主代词。
5.
【解析】unfortunately。考查副词。此处修饰动词短语be
infected,
所以用副词形式。
6.
【解析】against/with。考查固定搭配。抗击是“fight
against”或“fight
with”。
7.
【解析】adding。考查谓语动词。本句主语是statement,
the
statement
read“声明中写道”,
逗号后面用现在分词作伴随状语,
表示补充。
8.
【解析】death。考查名词。根据前面的Li’s可知此处用名词。
9.
【解析】who。考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句修饰a
hero,
who在定语从句中作主语。
10.
【解析】nurses。考查名词复数。根据and前面的doctors可知此处用复数。
完形填空
A
Commitment
to
Life
The
snow
was
falling
and
the
roads
had
become
dangerous.
The
schools
were
dismissed
early,
but
much
to
my
surprise,
my
1
wasn’t
canceled.
So
I
went,
feeling
especially
heroic.
As
far
as
I
could
see,
I
was
risking
my
life
to
keep
my
2
.
Snow
or
no
snow,
I
would
be
on
time
for
my
scheduled
donation
at
the
local
_____3
center.
?
When
I
got
there,
I
discovered
I
wasn’t
alone.
Four
more
“hero-types”
were
already
lying
back
in
donor
chairs
with
lines
4
to
their
veins,
and
machines
quietly
pumping
away
to
5
their
lifesaving
gifts.
?
Seeing
my
fellow
donors
honoring
their
own
commitments,
I
realized
why
I
was
there.
I
lay
back
in
my
donor
chair,
ready
to
make
a
difference
in
the
life
of
someone
I
would
never
meet.
To
be
honest,
I’d
never
really
thought
about
why
I
donate.
I
just
do
it.
But
a
few
months
ago,
during
one
of
my
6
donations
I
learned
that
my
blood
was
specifically
for
a
cancer
patient
and
for
a
newborn
baby—both
patients
needed
what
I
would
give
in
order
to
live.
I’ve
viewed
my
visits
to
the
blood
center 7
ever
since.
?
My
wife
Karen
is
a
8
,
too.
And
more
importantly,
she
has
been
on
the
bone
marrow(骨髄)
list
for
fifteen
years,
ever
since
she
signed
up
to
provide
bone
marrow
to
a
kindergartner
with
leukemia(白血病).
That
little
girl
died
before
Karen’s
bone
marrow
could
help
her,
but
Karen
was
called
again
recently.
Her
test
results
were
still
on
file,
and
it
turned
out
she
was
a
potential
9
for
someone
else.
The
caller
asked
Karen
if
she
would
still
be
willing
to
become
a
bone
marrow
donor.
“Yes,
”
she
said
and
then
immediately
began
answering
questions
on
the
pages
of
paperwork
for
further
testing.
It
was
a
race
against
time.
?
I
wish
I
could
say
that
this
10
won.
It
didn’t.
The
caller
later
thanked
Karen
for
her
participation
and
asked
a
few
more
questions—including
whether
or
not
she’d
11
on
the
donor
list.
“Of
course,
”
Karen
answered.
?
Last
week
Karen
gave
blood
and
next
week
I’ll
make
my
usual
donation.
I’ll
12
an
afternoon
from
my
schedule
and
make
an
appointment.
I
don’t
know
whose
life
my
donation
may
13
.
Most
likely
it
will
be
a
stranger,
but
on
any
day
the
person
needing
a
blood
product
could
be
you
or
me
or
maybe
a
loved
one.
It
is
worthwhile
to
14
our
time
to
donate.
?
I
really
do
feel
15
every
time
I
donate.
And
I
like
the
feeling.
?
【语篇概述】作者通过自愿参加献血活动告诉我们:
你献出的每一份小小的爱心,
都可能有大影响。
1.
A.
appointment
B.
class
C.
meeting
D.
flight
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据下文可知我要去参加献血活动,
应该提前预约。此处指:
下大雪了,
但我的预约没取消。appointment“预约”。
2.
A.
secret
B.
balance
C.
shape
D.
word
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。因为下着大雪我还是去了,
所以说我是冒着生命遵守诺言的。固定短语:
keep
one’s
word遵守诺言。故选D。
3.
A.
service
B.
shopping
C.
blood
D.
care
【解析】选C。背景常识题。因为要献血,
所以到达的是血液中心。所以选C。
4.
A.
exposed
B.
attached
C.
applied
D.
added
【解析】选B。词义辨析题。另外四个人已经躺在捐赠者的椅子上,
他们的血管上插着管子。expose
“暴露”;
attach
to“附上,
系上”;
apply“申请”;
add“加上”。根据句意选B。
5.
A.
examine
B.
produce
C.
collect
D.
clean
【解析】选
C。词义辨析题。此处指机器在采集血液。examine“检查”;
produce“生产”;
collect“收集”;
clean“清理”。根据句意选C。
6.
A.
regular
B.
unexpected
C.
special
D.
pleasant
【解析】选B。词义辨析题。几个月前,
在一次意外的献血中,
我了解到我的血液是专门给那些癌症患者和新生儿使用的。regular“常规的”;
unexpected“意外的”;
special“特殊的”;
pleasant“高兴的”。根据句意选B。
7.
A.
wisely
B.
differently
C.
hesitantly
D.
carefully
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。自从那时起,
我就用不同的方式看待血液中心。wisely“明智地”;
differently“不同地”;
hesitantly“犹豫地”;
carefully“小心地”。
8.
A.
receiver
B.
doctor
C.
patient
D.
donor
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据下文说作者的妻子在捐赠骨髓的名单上,
可知此处指我的妻子也是一个捐赠者。donor“捐赠者”。
9.
A.
risk
B.
customer
C.
match
D.
partner
【解析】选C。背景常识题。捐赠者与受捐者需要各方面相匹配。句意:
她的测试结果还在档案里,
并且结果证明她仍然是一个潜在的匹配者。所以选C。
10.
A.
honor
B.
test
C.
prize
D.
race
【解析】选D。词汇复现题。句意:
我希望我可以说我们赢得了这场比赛。此空与上文的race相呼应。所以选D。
11.
A.
rank
B.
sign
C.
appear
D.
remain
【解析】选
D。逻辑推理题。打电话的人问凯伦她是否还愿意留在那个捐赠者的名单上
。remain“留在”。
12.
A.
clear
B.
separate
C.
lose
D.
remove
【解析】选
A。词义辨析题。此处是指我要在百忙之中找出一个下午去做这件事。clear“清理”;
separate“分开”;
lose“失去”;
remove“移除”。故选A。
13.
A.
touch
B.
affect
C.
create
D.
enrich
【解析】选
B。词汇复现题。根据第三段中的make
a
difference可知选B。句意:
我并不知道我的捐赠可能会影响(affect)谁的生活。
14.
A.
spend
B.
save
C.
kill
D.
take
【解析】选D。词义辨析题。句意:
花费我们的时间在捐赠上还是很值得的。spend“花费”,
后接动词的-ing形式;
save“拯救,
节约”;
kill
time“消磨时间”;
take“花费”,
后接动词不定式。所以选D。
15.
A.
empty
B.
grateful
C.
proud
D.
nervous
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。句意:
每次捐赠时,
我都感觉很骄傲。我喜欢这种感觉。proud“骄傲的;
自豪的”。
PAGEUnit
1
Science
and
Scientists
课时素养达标
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
They
traced(trace)
out
the
shape
of
a
large
heart
in
the
sand.
2.
He
got
up
late
again.
He
might
have
stayed(stay)up
last
night.
?
3.
Not
only
do
the
professors
have
their
own
ideas
on
the
matter,
but
the
students
have
(have)theirs
too.
4.
During
this
period
many
people
came
down
with
COVID-19.
5.
I’m
old
enough
to
have(have)
the
freedom
to
do
as
I
like.
?
6.
Never
get
discouraged(discourage)easily
no
matter
how
difficult
the
situation
may
be.
7.
They
will
take
action
to
defend
(defend)
their
country.
?
8.
I
was
still
sleeping
when
the
fire
broke
out,
and
then
it
spread
quickly.
Ⅱ.
选词填空(注意词的正确形式)
in
defence
of,
take
on,
in
charge
of,
come
down,
offer
assistance
to,
only
to
find,
be
traced
back
to,
break
down
1.
His
secretary
will
have
to
take
on
most
of
his
work
while
he
is
away.
?
2.
They
fought
against
the
unfair
rules
in
defence
of
their
own
rights.
?
3.
Its
history
can
be
traced
back
to
as
early
as
the
Yuan
Dynasty.
?
4.
A
special
person
has
been
put
in
charge
of
the
matter.
?
5.
Tom
hurried
home,
only
to
find
he
lost
the
key
to
the
door.
?
6.
Tom
often
offers
assistance
to
me
when
I
have
trouble
with
my
computer.
?
7.
My
car
broke
down
on
my
way
home,
so
I
couldn’t
get
home
on
time.
?
8.
The
tales
have
come
down
from
the
old
times.
?
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
Our
motherland
is
strong
enough
to
cope
with
various
difficulties.
?
我们的祖国非常强大,
足以应对各种困难。
2.
To
become
a
great
leader,
we
must
first
take
charge
of
ourselves.
?
要想成为一位好的领导,
我们必须先管理好自己。
3.
Not
only
the
students
but
also
their
teacher
is
enjoying
the
film.
?
不仅学生们而且他们的老师都在欣赏这部影片。
4.
John
may
have
passed
the
exam;
he
looks
very
happy.
?
约翰可能通过考试了。他看起来很开心。
5.
The
terrible
flood
discouraged
us
from
going
there
for
a
sightseeing.
?
可怕的洪水使我们不能去那里观光了。
PAGEUnit
1
Science
and
Scientists
课时素养检测
四 Unit
1 Period
4
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
Charles
Darwin
lived
an
unusually
quiet
life.
In
1842,
Darwin
and
his
wife
Emma
moved
from
London
to
Kent
in
southern
England
to
have
as
little
disturbance(烦扰)
as
possible.
They
already
had
two
children
then,
and
would
go
on
to
have
eight
more
in
the
country.
Darwin
had
very
regular
habits.
He
rose
early
and
went
for
a
walk.
After
breakfast
he
worked
in
his
study
until
9:
30
am,
his
most
productive
time
of
the
day,
and
then
read
his
letters
lying
on
the
sofa
before
returning
to
work.
At
midday
he
would
go
for
another
walk
with
his
dog,
stopping
at
his
greenhouse
to
inspect(查看)his
experiments.
Then
he
would
go
for
another
walk
around
an
area
of
woodland.
While
walking
on
his
“thinking
path”,
Darwin
would
consider
his
unsolved
scientific
problems.
After
lunch
he
read
the
newspaper
and
wrote
letters.
His
network
of
friends
provided
information
from
all
corners
of
the
world.
The
Darwins
were
not
very
strict
parents
and
the
children
were
always
seen
running
wild.
Their
father
worked
patiently
to
a
background
of
playful
shouts
and
little
footsteps
walking
past
his
study
door.
After
dinner
Darwin
played
backgammon(a
game
for
two
people
to
play)
with
his
wife.
He
once
wrote,
“Now
the
result
with
my
wife
in
backgammon
stands
like
this:
she.
.
.
has
won
only
2,
490
games,
while
I
have
won,
hurrah(a
cheer
of
joy
or
victory),
hurrah,
2,
795
games!
”
Although
he
had
poor
health,
Darwin
continued
to
publish
a
lot
of
creative
works
until
his
final
book
in
1881
came
out.
He
died
the
following
year,
aged
73.
Rather
than
a
quiet
space
in
the
local
churchyard,
which
he
called
“the
sweetest
place
on
Earth”,
Darwin
was
given
a
state
funeral(国葬)
in
London’s
Westminster
Abbey.
【语篇概述】本文描写了英国著名科学家达尔文安宁的个人生活。
1.
Why
did
the
Darwins
move
to
Kent?
A.
To
do
more
experiments.
B.
To
cut
their
cost
of
living.
C.
To
enjoy
more
peacefulness.
D.
To
be
together
with
their
children.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第一段中的“moved
from
London
to
Kent
in
southern
England
to
have
as
little
disturbance
as
possible”可知达尔文夫妇搬家是为了免受外界的打扰,
以享受更多的安宁。
2.
What
did
Darwin
do
every
day?
A.
He
studied
in
the
woods.
B.
He
started
to
work
at
9:
30
am.
C.
He
wrote
letters
in
the
morning.
D.
He
examined
his
experiments.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第三段中的“At
midday
he
would
go
for
another
walk
with
his
dog,
stopping
at
his
greenhouse
to
inspect
his
experiments”可知达尔文每天都会去查看实验的进展情况。
3.
What
did
Darwin’s
children
probably
think
of
him?
A.
Strict.
B.
Warm.
C.
Cold.
D.
Brave.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第四段中的“The
Darwins
were
not
very
strict
parents.
.
.
Their
father
worked
patiently
to
a
background
of
playful
shouts
and
little
footsteps
walking
past
his
study
door.
”可推知在孩子们眼里,
父亲达尔文应该很温和。
4.
What
is
this
text
mainly
about?
A.
Darwin’s
scientific
achievements.
B.
The
unusual
state
funeral
of
Darwin.
C.
Darwin’s
personal
life.
D.
Darwin
has
a
large
family.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据首段第一句即文章主旨句“Charles
Darwin
lived
an
unusually
quiet
life”。可知本文描写了英国著名科学家达尔文安宁的个人生活。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
How
to
keep
yourself
safe
from
new
virus?
After
a
new-type
coronavirus
was
detected
in
viral
pneumonia
cases
in
Central
China’s
Wuhan
city
a
month
ago,
more
cases
have
been
reported
in
recent
days.
1 :
?
Wear
masks
outdoors
?Wearing
a
mask
is
one
of
the
most
effective
ways
to
protect
you
from
getting
infected.
?Make
sure
to
wear
it
properly
by
tightening
up
the
nose
clip
and
pulling
the
bottom
of
it
over
your
chin.
? 2 ,
a
mask
is
also
needed
to
prevent
you
from
spreading
germs
to
others.
?
Cover
your
coughs
and
sneeze
with
tissues(纸巾)
Cover
your
mouth
and
nose
with
a
tissue
when
you
cough
or
sneeze,
or
you
can
cough
or
sneeze
into
your
sleeve,
but
avoid
covering
with
your
hands
directly.
3 ?
Wash
your
hands
with
soap
and
running
water
thoroughly
for
at
least
15
seconds.
?Before
eating
and
after
using
the
toilet
?After
returning
home
?After
touching
trash
or
garbage
?After
contacting
with
animals
or
handling
animal
wastes
Strengthen
your
immune
system
and
exercise
regularly
?Exercise
regularly
is
one
of
the
most
important
ways
to
help
you
stay
away
from
catching
any
infections.
?Make
sure
that
shared
spaces
have
good
air
flow
and
avoid
going
to
crowded
places
such
as
hospitals,
railway
stations
and
airports.
4 .
?
?Seek
prompt(及时的)medical
attention
if
you
have
symptoms
of
fever
and
respiratory
infection.
?Avoid
close
contact
with
people
who
have
flu
or
cold-like
symptoms.
? 5 .
Avoid
eating
raw
meat
or
contacting
with
wild
animals
or
farmed
livestock
without
any
protection.
?
A.
If
your
hands
are
not
visibly
dirty
B.
Eat
thoroughly
cooked
meat
and
eggs
C.
Wash
your
hands
frequently
and
properly
D.
Protect
yourself
and
others
from
getting
sick
E.
Wear
a
mask
if
transport
or
movement
is
necessary
F.
If
you’re
not
feeling
well
or
have
symptoms
of
fever
G.
To
prevent
catching
the
infection,
here’s
what
you
can
do
【语篇概述】本文主要讲述面对新型冠状病毒的挑战,
我们应如何保护自己和他人。
1.
【解析】选G。根据下文所提出的建议可知G项中的here’s
what
you
can
do是承上启下的句子。
2.
【解析】选F。根据下文a
mask
is
also
needed
to
prevent
you
from
spreading
germs
to
others.
“戴口罩防止你把病毒传染给其他人”可知此处是说“如果你感觉不舒服或有发烧症状”。所以答案选F。
3.
【解析】选C。此处是第三条建议,
应该用祈使句。根据下文内容可知此建议与洗手有关,
所以答案选C。
4.
【解析】选E。根据上文avoid
going
to
crowded
places“避免去拥挤的地方”,
可知下文承接的是如果必须去的话建议戴口罩。
5.
【解析】选B。根据下文Avoid
eating
raw
meat
or
contacting
with
wild
animals
or
farmed
livestock
可知此处是在饮食方面提出的建议,
所以答案选B,
意思是“肉蛋要彻底煮熟”。
Ⅲ.
完形填空
Almost
all
scientists
failed
many
times
before
they
finally
succeeded.
In
their
scientific
work,
they
were
all
strict
with
themselves.
When
they
first
1
their
ideas,
they
were
always
rejected.
2 ,
they
did
not
give
up.
It
was
their
perseverance
that
made
them
successful.
?
A
3
theory
is
the
result
of
the
scientific
method.
Scientists
look
at
the
world
and
try
to
describe
and
explain
what
they
see.
First
they
carefully
observe
what
they
are
4
in.
To
explain
what
they
have
seen,
they
build
a
theory
about
the
way
in
which
things
happen
and
the
causes
and
effects.
Then
they
were
5
in
their
work.
Finally
the
scientists
test
the
theory
to
see
if
it
matches
what
they
have
seen
and
if
it
can
6
future
events.
?
In
fact,
every
new
thought
or
idea
has
to
be
linked
to
what
we
already
knew.
Great
thinkers
or
scientists
are
aware
of
this
and
try
to
7
new
and
old
ideas
in
8
many
different
ways
as
possible.
Some
of
the
greatest
scientists
forced
themselves
to
develop
new
ideas
even
when
they
tired
or
did
not
feel
9 .
They
all
knew
that
for
each
new
idea
that
works,
there
are
10
ten
that
do
not.
?
If
we
want
to
develop
our
11 ,
we
can
try
using
some
of
the
thinking
strategies(策略)
of
the
great
and
famous.
We
may
not
be
interested
in
becoming
12 ,
but
we
probably
all
want
to
find
new
ways
to
improve
our
13 .
Who
knows,
perhaps
your
next
thought
will
be
a
new
idea
that
changes
the
world?
So
we
should
be
well
prepared
to
meet
14
in
new
life
now
and
try
our
best
to
make
great
15
to
our
future
society.
?
【语篇概述】本文主要讲述了科学家的每一个促进社会发展的新思想和新理论都是经过严格的实践验证和无数次失败形成的。
1.
A.
put
up
B.
put
on
C.
put
aside
D.
put
forward
【解析】选D。短语辨析题。句意:
当科学家最初提出他们的思想时,
总是受到排斥。put
forward“提出”;
put
up“举起,
张贴,
安排住宿”;
put
aside“忽视”;
put
on“穿上,
上演”。根据句意选D。
2.
A.
So
B.
Therefore
C.
However
D.
But
【解析】选
C。上下文语境题。根据语境可知此处表示转折,
且有逗号隔开,
所以用however。
3.
A.
scientific
B.
certain
C.
sure
D.
expert
【解析】选A。词汇复现题。由下文scientific
method可知此处是scientific
theory,
意为“科学理论是科学方法研究的结果”。
4.
A.
curious
B.
interested
C.
cautious
D.
characteristic
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。be
interested
in“对……感兴趣”;
be
curious
about“对……感到好奇”;
be
cautious
of“小心谨慎……”;
be
characteristic
of“表现了……特征”。根据后面的介词in可知选B。
5.
A.
absorbed
B.
devoted
C.
focused
D.
centered
【解析】选A。短语辨析题。句意:
然后他们专注于他们的工作。
be
absorbed
in“专心致志于,
集中精力于”。B项与to搭配;
C和D项与on搭配。
6.
A.
see
B.
watch
C.
notice
D.
foresee
【解析】选D。上下文语境题。根据下文的future可知此处是预见未来事件。foresee“预见;
预测”。
7.
A.
construct
B.
expose
C.
analyse
D.
combine
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据上文every
new
thought
or
idea
has
to
be
linked
to
what
we
already
knew可知“每一种新想法与我们所了解的有联系”,
所以我们要把新旧思想结合起来。combine.
.
.
and.
.
.
“使结合(联合)”。
8.
A.
as
B.
than
C.
so
D.
such
【解析】选A。固定搭配题。as
many
as
possible“尽可能多地”。
9.
A.
puzzled
B.
inspired
C.
bored
D.
confused
【解析】选
B。逻辑推理题。由上文when
they
tired以及or后面的did
not
feel可知空格处是一个与tired相反意义的词。inspired
“有灵感的”。
10.
A.
at
most
B.
at
last
C.
at
least
D.
in
the
least
【解析】选C。上下文语境题。句意:
科学家都知道,
伴随着每一种正确的新思想,
至少有十种想法是不正确的。根据句意选C。
11.
A.
creativity
B.
conclusion
C.
enquiry
D.
chart
【解析】选A。词义辨析题。creativity“创造力”;
conclusion“结论”;
enquiry“询问”;
chart“图表”。句意:
如果我们也想发展我们的创造力,
应该尝试使用一些伟人或名人的思想策略。根据句意选A。
12.
A.
artist
B.
scientist
C.
professor
D.
teacher
【解析】选B。词汇复现题。根据上文讲述的内容可知此处是成为科学家。
13.
A.
life
B.
level
C.
universe
D.
sense
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。我们或许不想成为科学家,
但是我们可能会想办法改善我们的生活。所以答案选A。
14.
A.
conflicts
B.
challenges
C.
clues
D.
announcements
【解析】选B。词义辨析题。conflict“冲突”;
challenge“挑战”;
clue“线索”;
announcement“宣告,
宣布”。此处表示迎接新生活的挑战。
15.
A.
contributions
B.
efforts
C.
arrangements
D.
preparations
【解析】选A。短语辨析题。make
contributions
to“对……作出贡献”;
make
efforts
to
do“努力做……”;
make
arrangements
for“为……做安排”;
make
preparations
for“为……做准备”。句意:
尽最大努力为未来社会做贡献,
根据句意选A。
Ⅳ.
语法填空
Louis
Pasteur
was
a
French
scientist
who
developed
cures
for
many
dangerous
1.
(illness).
He
also
successfully
invented
a
way
to
kill
bacteria
in
milk
and
make
it
safe
to
drink.
Pasteur
was
born
in
1822,
in
Dole,
France.
He
was
a
courageous
student
who
2.
(frequent)
asked
questions,
searched
for
answers
and
challenged
incorrect
ideas.
He
3.
(receive)
a
Doctor
of
Science
degree
in
1847.
While
4.
(work)
at
the
University
of
Lille,
Pasteur
discovered
fermentation,
a
chemical
change
used
to
make
bread,
cheese
and
other
foods,
involved
germs.
He
showed
that
heat
killed
the
germs
that
cause
fermentation.
This
5.
(discover)
led
to
his
invention
of
a
process
for
destroying
harmful
germs
in
food,
which
became
6.
(know)
as
pasteurization(巴氏灭菌法).
In
the
1870s,
Louis
Pasteur
sought
to
find
a
cure
for
anthrax—a
disease
7.
mainly
affects
cattle.
Firstly,
he
found
anthrax
was
much
more
likely
if
farmers
buried
dead
sheep
with
the
disease
in
fields.
Pasteur
advised
farmers
not
8.
(bury)
any
dead
animals
in
areas
where
cattle
may
eat
growing
grass
in
the
future.
In
1881
he
conducted
an
experiment
to
try
out
his
vaccine(疫苗)
for
anthrax,
which
was
9.
success.
Pasteur
died
in
1895,
in
Saint-Cloud,
France.
On
his
last
day
he
remarked:
“I
should
like
to
be
younger,
so
as
to
devote
myself
10.
the
study
of
new
diseases.
”
【语篇概述】本文介绍了法国化学家
、细菌学家巴斯德在巴氏灭菌及炭疽疫苗研究方面取得的重大成就。
1.
【解析】illnesses。考查名词复数。设空处作宾语,
表示“疾病”,
由many可知,
此处应用名词复数,
故填illnesses。
2.
【解析】frequently。考查副词。设空处作状语修饰谓语动词,
表示“常常”,
所以填副词frequently。
3.
【解析】received。考查动词时态。由in
1847可知,
设空处表示的动作发生在过去,
应用一般过去时。
4.
【解析】working。考查非谓语动词。此处动词-ing形式在句子中作状语。Pasteur与work之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,
且由While可知,
work表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生,
故填working。
5.
【解析】discovery。考查名词。根据空格前的限定词This可知填名词,
作主语,
意为“发现”
。
6.
【解析】known。考查过去分词。设空处作表语,
which在此指代process,
因为know与process之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,
故填known。
7.
【解析】that/which。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句,
修饰disease,
且在从句中作主语,
故填that/which。
8.
【解析】to
bury。考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式作宾语补足语。advise
sb.
not
to
do
sth.
意为“建议某人不做某事”。
9.
【解析】a。考查不定冠词。success在此是抽象名词具体化的用法,
表示“一件成功的事”
。
10.
【解析】to。考查介词。devote
oneself
to.
.
.
意为“致力于……”。
阅读理解
Childhood
obesity
rates
are
rising
in
many
parts
of
the
world,
but
in
Amsterdam
they
are
falling.
The
city’s
healthy
weight
programme
has
seen
a
12
percent
drop
in
overweight
and
obese
children.
“
Go!
”shouts
the
instructor.
Tyrell
throws
himself
forward
to
do
sit-ups,
then
jumps
up
and
runs
to
the
end
of
the
gym
and
back
again.
Though
tired,
the
nine-year-old
is
smiling,
working
hard
and
having
fun.
He
is
also
part
of
Amsterdam’s
efforts
to
improve
the
health
of
its
children.
At
the
back
of
the
gym,
Tyrell’s
mother,
Janice,
is
sitting
with
other
parents
watching
the
fitness
class.
“He’s
really
happy,
because
he
knows
he
is
doing
something.
”
she
says.
A
year
ago,
Tyrell’s
school
told
Janice
her
son
was
overweight.
Children
in
Amsterdam
are
now
regularly
weighed
and
tested
for
agility(敏捷)
and
balance.
?
Kristel
is
Tyrell’s
health
nurse.
In
a
health
centre
in
south-east
Amsterdam,
Kristel
explains
how
she
helps
families
such
as
Tyrell’s.
The
most
important
thing
is
not
to
communicate
in
a
standard
way,
because
everybody
already
knows
eating
sugar
and
eating
fast
food
are
unhealthy.
She
says,
“You
really
want
to
communicate
the
message
on
the
level
the
parent
and
the
child
understand.
So,
when
the
child
is
overweight,
it
is
more
important
for
them
to
tell
you
what
they
think
is
going
wrong.
”
Janice
thinks
Tyrell
was
snacking
on
unhealthy
food
and
playing
computer
games
after
school
too
much.
Tyrell
has
been
taken
to
the
supermarket
to
find
healthier
food
choices
and
also
introduced
to
some
after-school
activities.
He
now
plays
tennis,
goes
to
gym
class
and
is
much
more
active.
【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹解决儿童肥胖问题的事例。
1.
Why
do
the
childhood
obesity
rates
in
Amsterdam
fall?
A.
The
children
want
to
be
slim.
B.
The
city’s
healthy
weight
programme
helps
decrease
the
rates.
C.
Their
parents
ask
schools
to
do
so.
D.
Childhood
obesity
rates
are
rising
in
many
parts
of
the
world.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知B项正确。
2.
What
does
the
underlined
sentence
“he
is
doing
something”in
Paragraph
2
probably
mean?
A.
He
is
tired.
B.
He
does
sit-ups.
C.
He
jumps
up
and
runs
again
and
again.
D.
He
improves
his
health.
【解析】选D。句义猜测题。Janice提到Tyrell乐于做运动是因为他知道他是在做对自己身体健康有益的事,
所以D项正确。
3.
What
is
the
most
important
thing
when
communicating
with
the
children
and
parents
on
the
obesity
problem
according
to
Kristel?
A.
To
communicate
in
a
standard
way.
B.
To
tell
them
a
lot
of
negative
instances.
C.
To
guide
them
to
tell
you
what
they
think
is
incorrect.
D.
To
have
a
good
attitude.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。从第三段Kristel的话中可知,
每个人都知道吃糖和吃快餐是不健康的,
最重要的是让他们自己说出他们认为哪里出了问题,
所以C项正确。
4.
What
can
we
know
from
this
passage?
A.
Mother’s
encouragement
and
love
are
great.
B.
Exercise
and
a
healthy
diet
make
us
healthier.
C.
Children
hate
sports
because
they
are
too
boring
and
tiring.
D.
Children
have
enough
willpower
to
control
their
weight.
【解析】选B。归纳概括题。A项本意正确,
但不属于本文的内容,
所以A项错误。由第二段可知,
虽然运动很累,
但Tyrell仍很开心,
因为他知道他在为自己的身体健康做努力,
所以C项错误。文中Tyrell减肥成功离不开护士及家人的帮助,
并不是仅靠自己的毅力来实现,
所以D项错误。
PAGE
