中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
动词和动词短语专项练习
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.[2020·扬州]—I’m
tired
out.
I
have
stayed
up
late
the
whole
week.
—You’d
better
your
time
better
and
have
things
organized.?
A.make
B.have
C.take
D.manage
2.[2020·黔东南州]Sam
a
computer
from
me
yesterday.?
A.sold
B.borrowed
C.lent
D.returned
3.[2020·南京]By
the
time
she
was
eight,
Linda
read
English
and
French.?
A.could
B.must
C.need
D.may
4.[2020·内江]—Is
the
tall
man
Mr.
Hunt?
—No.
It
be
him.
He
has
gone
to
Chengdu.?
A.can’t
B.needn’t
C.mustn’t
D.won’t
5.[2020·新疆]—Look,
Cindy.
The
flowers
in
our
classroom
come
out
in
one
night.
—That’s
fantastic!
They
are
beautiful
and
colorful.
They
nice.?
A.smells
B.smell
C.sounds
D.sound
6.[2020·天水]—Where
is
Tom?
—He
in
his
room.
The
light
in
his
room
is
on.?
A.mustn’t
be
B.can
be
C.can’t
be
D.must
be
7.[2020·黄冈]—It
is
very
cold
outside,
dear.
You
have
to
your
warm
jacket.?
—OK.
I
will,
Mom.
A.put
on
B.put
off
C.take
off
D.take
up
8.[2020·安徽]We
are
supposed
to
smartphones
and
take
more
exercise
instead.?
A.take
up
B.put
away
C.look
into
D.give
out
9.[2020·盐城]These
activities
at
bedtime
can
get
kids
excited
and
make
it
hard
for
them
to
and
sleep.?
A.come
down
B.break
down
C.calm
down
D.sit
down
10.[2020·泸州]—How
was
your
trip
in
the
mountains
last
weekend?
—Fantastic.
We
even
a
tent
by
the
lake
and
lay
in
it.?
A.put
on
B.put
off
C.put
down
D.put
up
11.[2020·连云港]The
Chinese
language
has
become
a
bridge
to
China
the
rest
of
the
world.?
A.connect;
to
B.translate;
into
C.compare;
with
D.separate;
from
12.[2020·襄阳]—Have
you
ever
seen
the
3-D
film?
—Yes.
It
can
make
you
being
in
the
real
situation.?
A.grow
up
B.look
over
C.show
up
D.feel
like
13.[2020·江西]The
performer
because
there
was
too
much
noise
coming
from
the
crowd.?
A.continued
B.relaxed
C.stopped
D.won
14.[2020·云南]Wang
Lei
is
looking
forward
to
the
best
high
school
in
September.?
A.refusing
B.playing
C.reading
D.entering
15.[2020·镇江]All
my
family
members
think
people
should
doctors
and
nurses
for
their
contributions.?
A.promise
B.praise
C.present
D.prepare
16.[2020·安徽]—Hi,
Jill.
I’d
like
to
share
with
you
the
latest
news
about
the
height
of
Qomolangma.
—Really?
Make
sure
the
news
is
true
before
you
it.?
A.receive
B.spread
C.cancel
D.hear
17.[2020·滨州]—Tom,
it
smells
so
terrible
here.
—Sorry,
Mum,
I
will
my
socks
and
wash
them
right
away.?
A.put
off
B.take
off
C.turn
off
D.cut
off
18.
[2020·营口]
Last
Thursday
when
I
got
to
the
railway
station，
I
I
left
my
ID
card
at
home.?
A.realised
B.believed
C.thought
D.considered
19.
[2020·丹东]
—How’s
it
going，
Tina?
—Great.
My
company
has
me
a
good
job.?
A.offered
B.provided
C.introduced
D.discovered
20.
[2020·辽阳]
Developing
good
reading
habits
can
our
reading
speed.
?
A.review
B.receive
C.spread
D.increase
21.
[2020·孝感]
—Dear
friends，
do
you
still
remember
why
you
came
here
three
years
ago?
—To
our
dreams!?
A.copy
B.save
C.imagine
D.achieve
22.
[2020·宜昌]
—Some
Chinese
government
officers
have
turned
into
livestreamers(网络主播).
—Yes.
They’re
trying
their
best
to
help
local
farmers
to
product
sales.?
A.compare
B.improve
C.afford
D.provide
23.
[2020·天门]
May
I
have
some
more
chicken?It
so
delicious.?
A.feels
B.smells
C.tastes
D.sounds
24.
[2020·呼和浩特]
He’s
already
playing
in
a
band，
and
he
only
playing
the
guitar
a
year
ago.?
A.took
up
B.set
up
C.put
up
D.gave
up
25.
[2020·丹东]
—You
seem
tired.
What’s
wrong?
—I
to
study
for
my
English
test
last
night.?
A.picked
up
B.woke
up
C.cheered
up
D.stayed
up
26.
[2020·武汉]
—You
have
plenty
of
homework，
don’t
you?
—Yeah，
it
the
little
time
I
have
outside
of
school.?
A.makes
up
B.takes
up
C.turns
down
D.breaks
down
27.
[2020·昆明]
As
common
people，
the
medical
workers
choose
to
stand
out
and
others
without
thinking
twice.
They
are
the
most
beautiful
angles.?
A.
protect
B.
protecting
C.
admire
D.
admiring
28.
[2020·宜昌]
—Would
you
opening
the
window?
Get
more
fresh
air.?
—Of
course
not.
I’ll
do
it
right
away.
A.
consider
B.
practice
C.
suggest
D.
mind
29.
[2020·武汉]
—What
makes
you
we’re
going
to
sell
the
house??
—I
hear
that
you’ve
got
a
job
abroad.
A.
doubt
B.
wonder
C.
promise
D.
suppose
30.
[2020河北]It
________
dark.Shall
I
turn
on
the
light?
A．gets
B．got
C．is
getting
D．was
getting
31.
[2020温州]Jim
is
going
to
join
the
Art
Club
because
he
likes
________.
A．cooking
B．drawing
C．running
D．reading
32.
[2020泰州]Sandy
seldom
goes
out
at
weekends
because
reading
________
most
of
her
free
time.
A．takes
up
B．takes
on
C．takes
off
D．takes
out
33.
[2020凉山州]A
lot
of
schools
across
China
________
starting
classes
because
of
COVID?19.
A．put
up
B．put
off
C．put
on
D．put
away
34.
[2020江西]The
performer
________
because
there
was
too
much
noise
coming
from
the
crowd.
A．continued
B．relaxed
C．stopped
D．won
35.
[2020铜仁]—Fangfang，shall
we
go
to
see
a
film
on
Saturday?
—Sorry.I'll
have
to
________
my
younger
brother
because
my
mother
is
out.
A．look
at
B．look
for
C．look
up
D．look
after
36.
[2020贵港]—Look!
There
is
a
girl
under
the
tree.
—She
is
Susan's
daughter.She
is
only
six
years
old，but
she
can
________
stories
in
English.
A．say
B．speak
C．tell
D．talk
37.[2020武威]I
________
sleep
very
well，but
then
I
started
doing
yoga
and
it
really
helps.
A．didn't
use
to
B．used
to
C．was
used
to
D．wasn't
used
to
38.
[2020天津]Lang
Ping
is
a
symbol
of
courage
and
success，and
we
________
her.
A．come
from
B．stand
for
C．take
pride
in
D．get
ready
for
39.
[2020无锡]—Hmm，something
________
so
good.Is
it
a
cake?
Can
I
try
some?
—Hand?made
cookies.Still
warm.Here
you
go!
A．feels
B．looks
C．smells
D．tastes
40.
[2020青岛]Please
remember
to
________
the
electricity
and
water
before
you
leave
the
laboratory.
A.take
off
B．shut
off
C．go
off
D．put
off
41.
[2020南京]—Which
bicycle
should
I
choose，sir?
—It
________
what
you
want
to
use
it
for.
A．takes
on
B．carries
on
C．puts
on
D．depends
on
42.
[2020黔南州]Would
you
please
________
the
light?
It's
very
dark
now.
A．turn
to
B．turn
on
C．turn
off
D．turn
around
43.
[2020河北]Some
volunteers
are
going
to
________
the
central
park.Let's
join
them.
A．put
up
B．clean
up
C．look
up
D．give
up
Ⅱ.填空
A.根据句意及汉语提示写单词。每空一词
1.
(2020·安徽)Never
_____________
(横穿)
the
street
when
the
red
light
is
on.
2.
(2020·牡丹江)We
all
_____________
(仰慕)
those
heroes
who
work
hard
to
fight
against
the
virus
(病毒).
3.
(2020·乐山)
The
bird
can
_____________
(飞)in
the
sky
because
it
has
two
wings.
4.
(2020·天水)
Words
could
not
_____________
(表达)
her
feelings
at
that
moment.
5.
(2020·无锡)What’s
in
the
box?
Let
me
_____________(猜).
Is
it
a
book?
6.
(2020·连云港)
Many
Chinese
people
had
to
_____________
(取消)
their
trips
in
February
because
of
COVID-19.
7.
(2020·新疆)
Our
school
is
going
to
_____________
(修建)
a
new
library
next
month.
8.
(2020·甘孜州)I’ve
finally
realized
why
my
grandpa
loves
_____________
(喝)tea.
9.
(2020·苏州)Shake
the
bottle
well
so
that
the
milk
_____________
(混合)
with
the
tea.
10.
(2020·苏州)In
ancient
times,
food
was
_____________
(存储)
up
for
winter.
B.
根据句意用适当的情态动词填空
11.
(2020·武威)
You
haven’t
eaten
all
day.
You
_____________
be
very
hungry.
12.
(2020·黄冈)—Is
this
blue
schoolbag
Lucy’s?
—No.
It
_____________be
hers.
Her
schoolbag
is
pink.
13.
(2020·襄阳)—
Must
the
children
get
up
at
six
tomorrow
morning?
—
No,
they
_____________.
Let
them
have
a
good
sleep
on
weekends.
14.
(2020·怀化)—Where’s
Jane?
—I’m
not
sure.
She
_____________
be
in
the
library.
15.
(2020·安顺)
With
the
help
of
Air
Classroom,
students
_____________keep
learning
even
with
schools
closed.
16.
(2020·泰州)
—
In
China,
many
students
feel
stressed
because
of
too
much
homework.
—
Don’t
worry.
Our
government
has
realized
this
problem.
I’m
sure
there
_____________
be
good
news
for
them
soon.
17.
(2020·北京)—_____________
you
give
me
a
hand?
I
can’t
move
the
box
by
myself.
—No
problem.
18.
(2020·大庆)Mr
Jonathan
_____________
be
your
new
English
teacher.
19.
(2020·扬州)From
the
top
of
the
Autumn
Hill
people
_____________enjoy
the
fullest
sight
of
Ge
Garden.
20.
(2020·淮安)You
_____________smoke
here!
Look
at
the
sign.
It
says
“No
smoking”.
答案
Ⅰ.1-5
DBAAB
6-10
DABCD
11-15
ADCDB
16-20
BBAAD
21-25
DBCAD
26-30
BADDC
31-35
BABCD
36-40
CACCB
41-43
DBB
Ⅱ.1.
cross
2.
admire
3.
fly
4.
express
5.
guess
6.
cancel
7.
build
8.
drinking
9.
mixes
10.
stored
11.
must
12.
can’t
13.
needn’t
14.
might/may
15.
can
16.
must
17.
Could/can
18.
may/might
19.
can
20.
mustn’t
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动词和动词短语导学案
易错点一：易混情态动词的用法
（2020金昌）You
haven't
eaten
all
day.
You
________
be
very
hungry.
A.
couldn't
be
B.
can't
C.
might
D.
must
【详解】句意：你一整天都没吃东西。你一定很饿。考查情态动词表推测。couldn’t
be不可能是；can’t不可能；might可能；
must一定。根据“You
haven't
eaten
all
day.”，可知应该是“一定很饿”，故选D。
（2020黄石）—Mom,
________I
watch
TV
tonight?
—Sure,
but
you
________finish
your
homework
first.
A.
can,
mustn't
B.
may;
could
C.
may;
can't
D.
can;
must
【详解】句意：——妈妈，我今晚能看电视吗？——当然，但是你必须先完成作业。
考查情态动词辨析。can可以，may可以，两者都可以引导一般疑问句表示请求。mustn't表禁止；could能够；can't不能；must必须。根据语境可知，妈妈表示必须先完成作业才能看电视，故第二空格处应用情态动词must表必须。综上所述，D选项两空均正确。故选D。
（2020长春）The
sign
"No
Smoking"
in
the
subway
means
passengers
____________
smoke.
A.
can
B.
should
C.
mustn't
D.
needn't
【详解】句意：地铁里“No
Smoking”标识的意思是乘客禁止抽烟。
考查情态动词。can能够；should应该；mustn’t禁止；needn’t没必要。根据“No
Smoking”可知此处表示“禁止抽烟”用mustn’t。故选C
(2020自贡)—Must
we
wear
school
uniformed
everywhere?
—No,
we________.
A.
needn’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
can’t
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：—在任何场合，我们一定要穿制服吗？—不，不需要。needn’t意为“不需要”；mustn’t“一定不”；can’t“不能，不可能”。根据句意判断选A。
知识点再现
分类
用法
例句
can
与be
able
to
①两者都表示能力,意为“能够;可以”。be
able
to可用于任何时态,can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时②can和could(can的过去式)还可以表示请求或推测③can't
可表示否定推测
They
will
be
able
to
tell
you
the
news
soon.
—Could
I
have
the
television
on?—Yes,
you
can./No,
you
can't.
That
can't
be
Mr.
Wang.
He
has
gone
to
Beijing.
(推测)
分类
用法
例句
may与might
①两者都表示“可能;可以;请求;许可”,might的语气较为委婉②might(may的过去式)有三种用法:表示过去式;使语气更加委婉、客气;表示的可能性更小
—May
I
use
your
pen?—Yes,
you
may./No,
you
mustn't/can't.Might
I
borrow
some
money
now?
He
might
be
alive.
分类
用法
例句
have
to与must
①两者都表示“必须”。must表示说话人的主观意愿;have
to表示客观需要②must可以表示肯定推测,意为“一定,准是”,其否定形式为mustn‘t,意为“禁止;不准;不许”③
对must构成的一般疑问句进行回答时,肯定回答用“Yes,…must.”,否定回答用“No,…needn't.”或“No,…don't/doesn't
have
to.”
My
brother
was
badly
ill.
I
had
to
call
the
doctor.
I
must
finish
my
work
today.
The
man
must
be
our
teacher.
(推测)
You
mustn't
drive
after
drinking.
—Must
I
go
home
now?—No,
you
needn't/don't
have
to.
分类
用法
例句
shall与should
shall常用于第一人称,
表示提建议或请求;should意为“应该”,可用于各种人称,强调义务或责任,也可表示劝告或建议
Shall
we
go
out
for
a
walk?You
should
study
hard
at
school.
(劝告)
分类
用法
例句
need
①need作情态动词时,表示“需要;有必要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn‘t,表示“没有必要;不必”;对need构成的一般疑问句进行回答时,肯定回答用“Yes,…must.”,
否定回答用“No,…needn’t.”②need
还可以用作实义动词,常用于以下两种结构:need
to
do
sth.
需要做某事;
need
doing
sth.某事需要被做
She
needn't
go
there
right
now.
—Need
I
come?—Yes,
you
must.
I
need
to
learn
more.
My
hair
needs
cutting.
易错点二：易混实义动词的用法
（2020长春）This
piece
of
music
____________
very
beautiful.
It's
my
favorite.
A.
smells
B.
looks
C.
sounds
D.
tastes
【详解】句意：这段音乐听起来很美妙。它是我最喜欢的。考查动词辨析。smells闻起来；looks看起来；sounds听起来；tastes尝起来。本句主语是“This
piece
of
music”，应与动词“听起来”搭配。故选C。
（2020青海）A
CCTV
news
reporter
will
come
to
interview
Wang
Lin
tomorrow.
Please
tell
her
________.
A.
not
to
be
late
B.
not
to
come
C.
to
watch
TV
【详解】句意：中央电视台新闻记者明天要来采访王琳，请告诉她不要迟到。考查非谓语动词。not
to
be
late不要迟到；not
to
come不要来；to
watch
TV看电视。tell
sb.
(not)
to
do
sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事。根据题干中“A
CCTV
news
reporter
will
come
to
interview
Wang
Lin
tomorrow”可知中央电视台新闻记者明天要来采访王琳，应该告诉她"不要迟到"，用not
to
be
late符合题意。故选A。
（2020黄石）He
spent
two
hours
________
his
mother
with
housework
last
Sunday.
A.
helping
B.
helped
C.
to
help
D.
help
【详解】句意：上星期天他花了两个小时时间帮妈妈做家务。考查非谓语动词。A.
helping动名词或现在分词；B.
helped过去式；C.
to
help动词不定式；D.
help动词原形。根据英语表达习惯，spend
time
(in)
doing
sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故help应用动名词形式，故选A。
（2020海南）Eight
members
of
a
Chinese
team
arrived
_________the
top
of
Mount
Qomolangma
successfully.
A.
in
B.
at
C.
to
【详解】句意：中国八名队员成功登上了珠穆朗玛峰山顶。考查介词辨析。in后接大地点；at后接小地点；to到。固定搭配：arrive
in+大地点；arrive
at+小地点，空格后the
top
of
Mount
Qomolangma是小地点，故选B。
知识点再现
三“听”
listen
listen强调的是“听”的动作,常单独使用,以提醒对方注意。listen也常和to搭配,表示“听……”,强调听的对象。
hear
意为“听见,听到”,强调听的结果。
sound
意为“听起来”,后接形容词构成系表结构。
四“说”
tell
常作及物动词,意为“告诉;讲述”,指某人把某一件事或一则消息传送给别人。常用搭配:tell
sb.sth./tell
sth.to
sb.“告诉某人某事”。
talk
一般用作不及物动词,意为“讲;说话;谈话”,与speak的意思相近。指一般的谈话或交谈,不如speak“演讲;发言”正式。常用搭配:talk
to/with
sb.“和某人说话”;talk
about
sth.“谈论某事”。
say
通常用作及物动词,意为“说,讲”,一般着重强调讲话的内容,指连贯性的说话。常用搭配:say
hello
to
sb.“向某人问好”。
speak
作及物动词时,宾语一般是语言,意为“说……”;作不及物动词时,意为“说话;演讲;发言”。常用搭配:speak
to
sb.“和某人说话”;speak
of
sb./sth.“谈到某人/某事物”。
四“看”
look
指有意识的动作,作不及物动词时意为“看;观望”,常与介词at连用,后接所看的人或物。
watch
指有意识地看上一段时间,基本意思是“观看;注视”,可引申为“照看;保卫”。
see
指有意或无意地“看见”,还可引申为“领会;理解”之意。
read
主要指看书、看报、看杂志等。
三“借”
borrow
意为“借入”,不能接双宾语,常用结构:borrow
sth.from
sb.“向某人借某物”。是非延续性动词,不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
lend
意为“借出”,能接双宾语,常用结构:lend
sth.to
sb.=lend
sb.sth.“把某物借给某人”。是非延续性动词,不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
keep
keep作“借”讲时,表示“借了某物一段时间”。是延续性动词,可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
三“提供”
provide
指提供所需之物,尤其是生活必需品。常见结构:provide
sth.for
sb./provide
sb.with
sth.“提供某物给某人”。
offer
强调主动提供。常见结构:offer
sb.sth./offer
sth.to
sb.“(主动)给某人某物”;offer
to
do
sth.“主动提出做某事”。
give
意为“给”,多指一般性“给出”。常见结构:give
sb.sth./give
sth.to
sb.“给某人某物”。
二“发现”
find
指发现或找到丢失的东西。
discover
指发现本来存在但是人们不知道的东西。
四“拿”
take
指把东西带走或拿走,强调从说话处带到离说话人远的地方。
bring
指从别处把东西带来,强调从别处把东西带到离说话人近的地方。
carry
意为“搬动;携带”,不管移动的方向是朝向说话者,还是远离说话者。
get
意为“去拿,去取”,强调动作的往返。
四“花费”
spend
意为“花费”时,其主语是人。常用搭配:spend
some
time/money
on
sth.“在某物上花费时间/金钱”;spend
some
time/money
(in)
doing
sth.“花费时间/金钱做某事”。
pay
意为“付款,支付”,主语是人。常用搭配:pay
for
sth./sb.“为某物/人付钱”;pay
sb.“付钱给某人”;pay
(sb.)
some
money
for
sth.“付钱(给某人)买某物”。
take
意为“花费(时间)”时,后面常跟双宾语。常用句型:It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.“做某事花了某人多长时间”。
cost
意为“花费”时,其主语必须是物,还可以表示“值”。常用搭配:sth.
costs
(sb.)
some
money“某物花了(某人)多少钱”;(doing)
sth.
costs
(sb.)
some
time“做某事/某物花了(某人)多长时间”。
二“赢”
win
作“赢,战胜”讲时,其宾语是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词。
beat
作“赢,战胜”讲时,其宾语是竞争的对手,即指人或球队的名词或代词。
二“失败”
fail
意为“失败;(考试)不及格”,可作不及物动词。常见搭配:fail
to
do
sth.“做某事失败,没能做成某事”。
lose
意为“输”,后面可直接跟比赛、战斗等,表示输掉比赛或战斗,也可用于lose
to
sb.,意为“输给某人”。
二“忘记”
forget
表示“忘记”时,forget通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用。
leave
表示“遗忘”时,通常要与表示地点的状语连用。
三“到达”
reach
及物动词(比get更正式),其后可直接接地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。
get
不及物动词,其后通常接介词to。
arrive
不及物动词,其后通常接介词at(表示到达小地方)或in(表示到达大地方)。
三“希望”
hope
意为“希望”,表达的愿望通常有信心能够实现。常见搭配:hope
to
do
sth.“希望做某事”;hope+that从句“希望……”。
wish
意为“但愿;希望”,表达的愿望较难以实现。常见搭配:wish
to
do
sth.“希望做某事”;wish
sb.to
do
sth.“希望某人做某事”;wish+that从句“希望/但愿……”。
expect
意为“期待;期望”,通常指有很大程度的把握,强调客观上可能实现。常见搭配:expect
to
do
sth.“期望做某事”;expect
sb.to
do
sth.“期待某人做某事”。
四“穿”
wear
意为“穿着;戴着”,强调状态,后可接穿戴的衣物,包括眼镜、首饰等。
put
on
意为“穿上;戴上”,强调“穿”的动作,反义词组为take
off。
dress
意为“给(某人)穿衣服”,后接人作宾语。常见搭配:dress
oneself“自己穿衣服”。
be
in
表示状态,后接衣服,也可接表颜色的词。
易错点三：易混动词短语的用法
(2020苏州)—Tony,
come
over.
What
do
the
letters
“KIT”
mean
in
the
text
message?
—Don't
you
know
that,
Amy?They
????
“keep
in
touch”.
A.search
for B.ask
for
C.go
for D.stand
for
【详解】句意:——Tony,过来。短信中的“KIT”这几个字母是什么意思?——你难说不知道吗,Amy?它们代表“保持联系”。本题考查动词短语辨析。search
for搜索;ask
for要求;go
for选择;stand
for代表。故选D项。
(2020盐城)These
activities
at
bedtime
can
get
kids
excited
and
make
it
hard
for
them
to
????
and
sleep.
A.
come
down B.
break
down
C.
calm
down D.
sit
down
【详解】句意:这些睡前活动会让孩子们感到兴奋,使他们难以静下来入睡。本题考查动词短语辨析。
come
down崩塌,落下;break
down出故障;calm
down安静,平静;sit
down坐下。睡觉前需要平静的状态,calm
down符合语境。故选C项。
(2019扬州)—Honey,
come
and
help
me
????
the
picture
of
balloons
from
the
magazine.
—OK,
Granny.
I'm
coming.
A.carry
out B.work
out
C.cut
out D.hand
out
【详解】句意:——宝贝,来帮我把这张气球的图片从杂志上剪下来。——好的,奶奶。我这就来。本题考查动词短语辨析。carry
out实施,执行;work
out计算出,解决;cut
out剪下;hand
out分发。根据语境可知,此处指“剪下”。故选C项。
(2018连云港)—I'm
sorry
to
????
on
you,
but
there
are
one
or
two
things
I
don't
understand.
—It
doesn't
matter.
A.cut
down B.cut
out C.cut
in D.cut
off
【详解】句意:——不好意思打断你,但是有一两件事情我无法理解。——没事儿。本题考查动词短语辨析。cut
down削减,砍倒;cut
out突然熄火,裁剪;cut
in插嘴,打断(谈话);cut
off切掉。cut
in
on
sb.打断某人(谈话)。故选C项。
(2018包头)Terry, ????from
your
cell
phone
when
your
father
is
talking
to
you.
A.look
up B.look
around
C.look
down D.look
out
【详解】句意:
Terry,你爸爸和你谈话时,你把头抬起来不要看手机。本题考查动词短语辨析。look
up
抬头往上看;look
around
环顾,四下察看;look
down
向下看,轻视;look
out
当心。故选A项。
知识点再现
up短语
make
up
编；编造
set
up
建起，设立
take
up
占据（空间）；占用（时间）
turn
up
出现；调高声音
cheer
up
使振作起来
eat
up
吃光，吃完
get
up起床
give
up
放弃
grow
up
成长；长大成人
hurry
up
快点，赶快
open
up
开启；开创；开辟
pick
up
拿起，举起
put
up
搭建，张贴
show
up出现，露面
stand
up
站起身，起立
stay
up
熬夜
tidy
up
收拾妥，整理好
wake
up
醒来
down短语
break
down
（车辆或机器）出故障，坏掉
write
down
写下，记下
calm
down冷静
come
down
崩塌，坍塌
cut
down砍倒
turn
down关小；调低
lie
down躺下
put
down放下
sit
down
坐下
slow
down
减速，放慢速度
take
down拆除；记下
off短语
turn
off
关上（开关）
cut
off
切除
drop
off减少，下降
fall
off
减少，跌落
give
off
发出（光、热等）
get
off下车
go
off发出响声
let
off/set
off使（炸弹等）爆炸
put
off推迟
run
off跑掉；逃跑
set
off动身，启程
show
off
炫耀
take
off起飞；脱下
about短语
write
about写
care
about
关心，关怀
dream
about
梦想；想象
hang
about闲逛
hear
about听说关于……
look
about环顾，四处看
talk
about
谈论
think
about
考虑
walk
about四处走动
worry
about
为……担心
in短语
arrive
in到达
believe
in
相信
bring
in引进
check
in
报到，登记
cut
in
打断；插嘴
drop
in拜访
hand
in
上交，递交
join
in
参加
let
in让……进来
push
in/cut
in插队，加塞
put
in
安装
take
in吸收
for短语
ask
for
请求；要求
care
for照顾，关怀；喜欢
fit
for
适合于
leave
for动身去
look
for
寻找
pay
for
为……付款
stand
for
代表；象征
wait
for
等候
prepare
for
为……做准备
on短语
call
on访问，拜访
come
on
来吧；赶快
carry
on继续开展，继续下去
depend
on/upon
依靠；取决于
go
on继续
get
on
相处；进展
hold
on等一等（别挂电话）
keep
on
继续（进行）
live
on以食……为生
put
on
穿上；上演
take
on承担；呈现
try
on
试穿
turn
on打开
work
on从事于
out短语
break
out
爆发
carry
out
开展；执行
come
out出版
cut
out
剪出
die
out灭绝；消失
go
out
出去
find
out
发现
look
out
留神，当心
point
out指出
put
out
扑灭
hand
out
分发；提出
run
out
用完，耗尽
stay
out
待在户外；（晚上）不回家
take
out取出，拿出
turn
out
原来是，结果是
work
out
算出；解决
get短语
get
away
逃脱；离开
get
in
进入；到达；陷入；收获
get
into
进入；陷入
get
on
上车；进展
get
off
下车
get
out
离开，出去；泄露
get
over
克服
get
through
通过；到达；做完；接通电话
get
to
到达
get
up
起床
get
together
聚会，联欢
get
along/on
with
与……和睦相处
get
ready
for
为……做好准备
give短语
give
in屈服，让步
give
up放弃
give
off发出（光、热等）
give
out散布，分发
give
away
捐赠
give
back
还给，归还
go短语
go
after
追求；设法获得
go
against
反对；违背
go
away走开
go
down下降；倒下
go
by经过；顺便拜访
go
off熄灭；响起
go
on
继续
go
over
复习；回顾
go
out
出去
go
through
通过
look短语
look
after照顾
look
at
看一看
look
for寻找
look
into调查；调整；观察
look
up查找；向上看
look
down
俯视
look
like看起来像
look
out
留神，当心
look
through浏览，快速查看
look
up
to钦佩；仰慕
look
forward
to盼望，期待
put短语
put
on穿上；上演；体重增加
put
in放入，输入
put
up张贴，搭建
put
off推迟；拖延
put
out扑灭；熄灭
put
up
with容忍
put
away把……暂时收起来（放好）；储存……以备用
put
back放回原处
put
down
写下；放下
take短语
take
after（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相像
take
away
拿走
take
down
取下
take
in吸收；吸入
take
out拿出
take
off
脱下（衣服）；（飞机等）起飞
take
on
承担；呈现
take
over接收；接管
take
up
占据（空间）；占用（时间）
take
action采取行动
take
care
保重
take
place进行，发生
take
part
in
参加
take
care
of
照顾
take
notice
of
注意，察觉
turn短语
turn
around转身；（使）翻转
turn
up调高声音
turn
down拒绝；调低（声音）
turn
to转向；求助于
turn
on打开（电视机、收音机、电视等）
turn
out
原来是，结果是
turn
into变成
turn
off
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易错点归纳与突破
--动词和动词短语
2021中考英语
易混情态动词的用法
（2020金昌）You
haven't
eaten
all
day.
You
________
be
very
hungry.
A.
couldn't
be
B.
can't
C.
might
D.
must
【详解】句意：你一整天都没吃东西。你一定很饿。
考查情态动词表推测。couldn’t
be不可能是；can’t不可能；might可能；
must一定。根据“You
haven't
eaten
all
day.”，可知应该是“一定很饿”，故选D。
易错点一
（2020黄石）—Mom,
________I
watch
TV
tonight?
—Sure,
but
you
________finish
your
homework
first.
A.
can,
mustn't
B.
may;
could
C.
may;
can't
D.
can;
must
【详解】句意：——妈妈，我今晚能看电视吗？——当然，但是你必须先完成作业。
考查情态动词辨析。can可以，may可以，两者都可以引导一般疑问句表示请求。mustn't表禁止；could能够；can't不能；must必须。根据语境可知，妈妈表示必须先完成作业才能看电视，故第二空格处应用情态动词must表必须。综上所述，D选项两空均正确。故选D。
（2020长春）The
sign
"No
Smoking"
in
the
subway
means
passengers
____________
smoke.
A.
can
B.
should
C.
mustn't
D.
needn't
【详解】句意：地铁里“No
Smoking”标识的意思是乘客禁止抽烟。
考查情态动词。can能够；should应该；mustn’t禁止；needn’t没必要。根据“No
Smoking”可知此处表示“禁止抽烟”用mustn’t。故选C
(2020自贡)—Must
we
wear
school
uniformed
everywhere?
—No,
we________.
A.
needn’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
can’t
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：—在任何场合，我们一定要穿制服吗？—不，不需要。needn’t意为“不需要”；mustn’t“一定不”；can’t“不能，不可能”。根据句意判断选A。
分类
用法
例句
can
与be
able
to
①两者都表示能力,意为“能够;可以”。be
able
to可用于任何时态,can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时
②can和could(can的过去式)还可以表示请求或推测
③can't
可表示否定推测
They
will
be
able
to
tell
you
the
news
soon.
—Could
I
have
the
television
on?
—Yes,
you
can./No,
you
can't.
That
can't
be
Mr.
Wang.
He
has
gone
to
Beijing.
(推测)
知识点再现
分类
用法
例句
may与
might
①两者都表示“可能;可以;请求;许可”,might的语气较为委婉
②might(may的过去式)有三种用法:表示过去式;使语气更加委婉、客气;表示的可能性更小
—May
I
use
your
pen?
—Yes,
you
may./No,
you
mustn't/can't.
Might
I
borrow
some
money
now?
He
might
be
alive.
分类
用法
例句
have
to
与must
①两者都表示“必须”。must表示说话人的主观意
愿;have
to表示客观需要
②must可以表示肯定推测,意
为“一定,准是”,其否定形式为mustn‘t,意为“禁止;不准;不许”
My
brother
was
badly
ill.
I
had
to
call
the
doctor.
I
must
finish
my
work
today.
The
man
must
be
our
teacher.
(推测)
分类
用法
例句
have
to
与must
③
对must构成的一般疑问句进行回答时,肯定回答用“Yes,…must.”,否定回答用“No,…needn't.”或“No,…don't/doesn't
have
to.”
You
mustn't
drive
after
drinking.
—Must
I
go
home
now?
—No,
you
needn't/don't
have
to.
分类
用法
例句
shall与
should
shall常用于第一人称,
表示提建议或请求;should意为“应该”,可用于各种人称,强调义务或责任,也可表示劝告或建议
Shall
we
go
out
for
a
walk?
You
should
study
hard
at
school.
(劝告)
分类
用法
例句
need
①need作情态动词时,表示“需要;有必要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn‘t,表示“没有必要;不必”;对need构成的一般疑问句进行回答时,肯定回答用“Yes,…must.”,
否定回答用“No,…needn’t.”
She
needn't
go
there
right
now.
—Need
I
come?
—Yes,
you
must.
分类
用法
例句
need
②need
还可以用作实义动词,常用于以下两种结构:need
to
do
sth.
需要做某事;
need
doing
sth.某事需要被做
I
need
to
learn
more.
My
hair
needs
cutting.
易混实义动词的用法
（2020长春）This
piece
of
music
____________
very
beautiful.
It's
my
favorite.
A.
smells
B.
looks
C.
sounds
D.
tastes
【详解】句意：这段音乐听起来很美妙。它是我最喜欢的。
考查动词辨析。smells闻起来；looks看起来；sounds听起来；tastes尝起来。本句主语是“This
piece
of
music”，应与动词“听起来”搭配。故选C。
易错点二
（2020青海）A
CCTV
news
reporter
will
come
to
interview
Wang
Lin
tomorrow.
Please
tell
her
________.
A.
not
to
be
late
B.
not
to
come
C.
to
watch
TV
【详解】句意：中央电视台新闻记者明天要来采访王琳，请告诉她不要迟到。
考查非谓语动词。not
to
be
late不要迟到；not
to
come不要来；to
watch
TV看电视。tell
sb.
(not)
to
do
sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事。根据题干中“A
CCTV
news
reporter
will
come
to
interview
Wang
Lin
tomorrow”可知中央电视台新闻记者明天要来采访王琳，应该告诉她"不要迟到"，用not
to
be
late符合题意。故选A。
（2020黄石）He
spent
two
hours
________
his
mother
with
housework
last
Sunday.
A.
helping
B.
helped
C.
to
help
D.
help
【详解】句意：上星期天他花了两个小时时间帮妈妈做家务。
考查非谓语动词。A.
helping动名词或现在分词；B.
helped过去式；C.
to
help动词不定式；D.
help动词原形。根据英语表达习惯，spend
time
(in)
doing
sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故help应用动名词形式，故选A。
（2020海南）Eight
members
of
a
Chinese
team
arrived
_________the
top
of
Mount
Qomolangma
successfully.
A.
in
B.
at
C.
to
【详解】句意：中国八名队员成功登上了珠穆朗玛峰山顶。
考查介词辨析。in后接大地点；at后接小地点；to到。固定搭配：arrive
in+大地点；arrive
at+小地点，空格后the
top
of
Mount
Qomolangma是小地点，故选B。
三“听”
listen
listen强调的是“听”的动作,常单独使用,以提醒对方注意。listen也常和to搭配,表示“听……”,强调听的对象。
hear
意为“听见,听到”,强调听的结果。
sound
意为“听起来”,后接形容词构成系表结构。
知识点再现
四“说”
tell
常作及物动词,意为“告诉;讲述”,指某人把某一件事或一则消息传送给别人。常用搭配:tell
sb.sth./tell
sth.to
sb.“告诉某人某事”。
talk
一般用作不及物动词,意为“讲;说话;谈话”,与speak的意思相近。指一般的谈话或交谈,不如speak“演讲;发言”正式。常用搭配:talk
to/with
sb.“和某人说话”;talk
about
sth.“谈论某事”。
say
通常用作及物动词,意为“说,讲”,一般着重强调讲话的内容,指连贯性的说话。常用搭配:say
hello
to
sb.“向某人问好”。
speak
作及物动词时,宾语一般是语言,意为“说……”;作不及物动词时,意为“说话;演讲;发言”。常用搭配:speak
to
sb.“和某人说话”;speak
of
sb./sth.“谈到某人/某事物”。
四“看”
look
指有意识的动作,作不及物动词时意为“看;观望”,常与介词at连用,后接所看的人或物。
watch
指有意识地看上一段时间,基本意思是“观看;注视”,可引申为“照看;保卫”。
see
指有意或无意地“看见”,还可引申为“领会;理解”之意。
read
主要指看书、看报、看杂志等。
三“借”
borrow
意为“借入”,不能接双宾语,常用结构:borrow
sth.from
sb.“向某人借某物”。是非延续性动词,不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
lend
意为“借出”,能接双宾语,常用结构:lend
sth.to
sb.=lend
sb.sth.“把某物借给某人”。是非延续性动词,不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
keep
keep作“借”讲时,表示“借了某物一段时间”。是延续性动词,可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
三
“提供”
provide
指提供所需之物,尤其是生活必需品。常见结构:provide
sth.for
sb./provide
sb.with
sth.“提供某物给某人”。
offer
强调主动提供。常见结构:offer
sb.sth./offer
sth.to
sb.“(主动)给某人某物”;offer
to
do
sth.“主动提出做某事”。
give
意为“给”,多指一般性“给出”。常见结构:give
sb.sth./give
sth.to
sb.“给某人某物”。
二
“发现”
find
指发现或找到丢失的东西。
discover
指发现本来存在但是人们不知道的东西。
四“拿”
take
指把东西带走或拿走,强调从说话处带到离说话人远的地方。
bring
指从别处把东西带来,强调从别处把东西带到离说话人近的地方。
carry
意为“搬动;携带”,不管移动的方向是朝向说话者,还是远离说话者。
get
意为“去拿,去取”,强调动作的往返。
四“花费”
spend
意为“花费”时,其主语是人。常用搭配:spend
some
time/money
on
sth.“在某物上花费时间/金钱”;spend
some
time/money
(in)
doing
sth.“花费时间/金钱做某事”。
pay
意为“付款,支付”,主语是人。常用搭配:pay
for
sth./sb.“为某物/人付钱”;pay
sb.“付钱给某人”;pay
(sb.)
some
money
for
sth.“付钱(给某人)买某物”。
take
意为“花费(时间)”时,后面常跟双宾语。常用句型:It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.“做某事花了某人多长时间”。
cost
意为“花费”时,其主语必须是物,还可以表示“值”。常用搭配:sth.
costs
(sb.)
some
money“某物花了(某人)多少钱”;(doing)
sth.
costs
(sb.)
some
time“做某事/某物花了(某人)多长时间”。
二“赢”
win
作“赢,战胜”讲时,其宾语是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词。
beat
作“赢,战胜”讲时,其宾语是竞争的对手,即指人或球队的名词或代词。
二
“失败”
fail
意为“失败;(考试)不及格”,可作不及物动词。常见搭配:fail
to
do
sth.“做某事失败,没能做成某事”。
lose
意为“输”,后面可直接跟比赛、战斗等,表示输掉比赛或战斗,也可用于lose
to
sb.,意为“输给某人”。
二
“忘记”
forget
表示“忘记”时,forget通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用。
leave
表示“遗忘”时,通常要与表示地点的状语连用。
三
“到达”
reach
及物动词(比get更正式),其后可直接接地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。
get
不及物动词,其后通常接介词to。
arrive
不及物动词,其后通常接介词at(表示到达小地方)或in(表示到达大地方)。
三
“希望”
hope
意为“希望”,表达的愿望通常有信心能够实现。常见搭配:hope
to
do
sth.“希望做某事”;hope+that从句“希望……”。
wish
意为“但愿;希望”,表达的愿望较难以实现。常见搭配:wish
to
do
sth.“希望做某事”;wish
sb.to
do
sth.“希望某人做某事”;wish+that从句“希望/但愿……”。
expect
意为“期待;期望”,通常指有很大程度的把握,强调客观上可能实现。常见搭配:expect
to
do
sth.“期望做某事”;expect
sb.to
do
sth.“期待某人做某事”。
四“穿”
wear
意为“穿着;戴着”,强调状态,后可接穿戴的衣物,包括眼镜、首饰等。
put
on
意为“穿上;戴上”,强调“穿”的动作,反义词组为take
off。
dress
意为“给(某人)穿衣服”,后接人作宾语。常见搭配:dress
oneself“自己穿衣服”。
be
in
表示状态,后接衣服,也可接表颜色的词。
易混动词短语的用法
(2020苏州)—Tony,
come
over.
What
do
the
letters
“KIT”
mean
in
the
text
message?
—Don't
you
know
that,
Amy?They
????
“keep
in
touch”.
A.search
for B.ask
for
C.go
for D.stand
for
【详解】句意:——Tony,过来。短信中的“KIT”这几个字母是什么意思?——你难说不知道吗,Amy?它们代表“保持联系”。本题考查动词短语辨析。search
for搜索;ask
for要求;go
for选择;stand
for代表。故选D项。
易错点三
(2020盐城)These
activities
at
bedtime
can
get
kids
excited
and
make
it
hard
for
them
to
????
and
sleep.
A.
come
down B.
break
down
C.
calm
down D.
sit
down
【详解】句意:这些睡前活动会让孩子们感到兴奋,使他们难以静下来入睡。本题考查动词短语辨析。
come
down崩塌,落下;break
down出故障;calm
down安静,平静;sit
down坐下。睡觉前需要平静的状态,calm
down符合语境。故选C项。
(2019扬州)—Honey,
come
and
help
me
????
the
picture
of
balloons
from
the
magazine.
—OK,
Granny.
I'm
coming.
A.carry
out B.work
out
C.cut
out D.hand
out
【详解】句意:——宝贝,来帮我把这张气球的图片从杂志上剪下来。——好的,奶奶。我这就来。本题考查动词短语辨析。carry
out实施,执行;work
out计算出,解决;cut
out剪下;hand
out分发。根据语境可知,此处指“剪下”。故选C项。
(2018连云港)—I'm
sorry
to
????
on
you,
but
there
are
one
or
two
things
I
don't
understand.
—It
doesn't
matter.
A.cut
down B.cut
out C.cut
in D.cut
off
【详解】句意:——不好意思打断你,但是有一两件事情我无法理解。——没事儿。本题考查动词短语辨析。cut
down削减,砍倒;cut
out突然熄火,裁剪;cut
in插嘴,打断(谈话);cut
off切掉。cut
in
on
sb.打断某人(谈话)。故选C项。
(2018包头)Terry, ????from
your
cell
phone
when
your
father
is
talking
to
you.
A.look
up B.look
around
C.look
down D.look
out
【详解】句意:
Terry,你爸爸和你谈话时,你把头抬起来不要看手机。本题考查动词短语辨析。look
up
抬头往上看;look
around
环顾,四下察看;look
down
向下看,轻视;look
out
当心。故选A项。
up短语
make
up
编；编造
set
up
建起，设立
take
up
占据（空间）；占用（时间）
turn
up
出现；调高声音
cheer
up
使振作起来
eat
up
吃光，吃完
get
up起床
give
up
放弃
grow
up
成长；长大成人
hurry
up
快点，赶快
open
up
开启；开创；开辟
pick
up
拿起，举起
put
up
搭建，张贴
show
up出现，露面
stand
up
站起身，起立
stay
up
熬夜
tidy
up
收拾妥，整理好
wake
up
醒来
知识点再现
down短语
break
down
（车辆或机器）出故障，坏掉
write
down
写下，记下
calm
down冷静
come
down
崩塌，坍塌
cut
down砍倒
lie
down躺下
put
down放下
sit
down
坐下
slow
down
减速，放慢速度
take
down拆除；记下
turn
down关小；调低
off短语
turn
off
关上（开关）
cut
off
切除
drop
off减少，下降
fall
off
减少，跌落
give
off
发出（光、热等）
get
off下车
go
off发出响声
let
off/set
off使（炸弹等）爆炸
put
off推迟
run
off跑掉；逃跑
set
off动身，启程
show
off
炫耀
take
off起飞；脱下
about短语
write
about写
care
about
关心，关怀
dream
about
梦想；想象
hang
about闲逛
hear
about听说关于……
look
about环顾，四处看
talk
about
谈论
think
about
考虑
walk
about四处走动
worry
about
为……担心
in短语
arrive
in到达
believe
in
相信
bring
in引进
check
in
报到，登记
cut
in
打断；插嘴
drop
in拜访
hand
in
上交，递交
join
in
参加
let
in让……进来
push
in/cut
in插队，加塞
put
in
安装
take
in吸收
for短语
ask
for
请求；要求
care
for照顾，关怀；喜欢
fit
for
适合于
leave
for动身去
look
for
寻找
pay
for
为……付款
stand
for
代表；象征
wait
for
等候
prepare
for
为……做准备
on短语
call
on访问，拜访
come
on
来吧；赶快
carry
on继续开展，继续下去
depend
on/upon
依靠；取决于
go
on继续
get
on
相处；进展
hold
on等一等（别挂电话）
keep
on
继续（进行）
live
on以食……为生
put
on
穿上；上演
take
on承担；呈现
try
on
试穿
turn
on打开
work
on从事于
out短语
break
out
爆发
carry
out
开展；执行
come
out出版
cut
out
剪出
die
out灭绝；消失
go
out
出去
find
out
发现
look
out
留神，当心
point
out指出
put
out
扑灭
hand
out
分发；提出
run
out
用完，耗尽
stay
out
待在户外；（晚上）不回家
take
out取出，拿出
turn
out
原来是，结果是
work
out
算出；解决
get短语
get
away
逃脱；离开
get
in
进入；到达；陷入；收获
get
into
进入；陷入
get
on
上车；进展
get
off
下车
get
out
离开，出去；泄露
get
over
克服
get
through
通过；到达；做完；接通电话
get
to
到达
get
up
起床
get
together
聚会，联欢
get
along/on
with
与……和睦相处
get
ready
for
为……做好准备
give短语
give
in屈服，让步
give
up放弃
give
off发出（光、热等）
give
out散布，分发
give
away
捐赠
give
back
还给，归还
go短语
go
after
追求；设法获得
go
against
反对；违背
go
away走开
go
down下降；倒下
go
by经过；顺便拜访
go
off熄灭；响起
go
on
继续
go
over
复习；回顾
go
out
出去
go
through
通过
look短语
look
after照顾
look
at
看一看
look
for寻找
look
into调查；调整；观察
look
up查找；向上看
look
down
俯视
look
like看起来像
look
out
留神，当心
look
through浏览，快速查看
look
up
to钦佩；仰慕
look
forward
to盼望，期待
put短语
put
on穿上；上演；体重增加
put
in放入，输入
put
up张贴，搭建
put
off推迟；拖延
put
out扑灭；熄灭
put
up
with容忍
put
away把……暂时收起来（放好）；储存……以备用
put
back放回原处
put
down
写下；放下
take短语
take
after（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相像
take
away
拿走
take
down
取下
take
in吸收；吸入
take
out拿出
take
off
脱下（衣服）；（飞机等）起飞
take
on
承担；呈现
take
over接收；接管
take
up
占据（空间）；占用（时间）
take
action采取行动
take
care
保重
take
place进行，发生
take
part
in
参加
take
care
of
照顾
take
notice
of
注意，察觉
turn短语
turn
around转身；（使）翻转
turn
up调高声音
turn
down拒绝；调低（声音）
turn
to转向；求助于
turn
on打开（电视机、收音机、电视等）
turn
into变成
turn
off
关上（开关）
turn
out
原来是，结果是
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php
