(2011深圳高级中学)
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.
If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that？” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that's God.” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.”
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the post office or the telephone system.
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off the cuff(即兴的) remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light hearted remark.
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don't succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
It can be inferred from the text that public services ______.
A. have benefited many people
B. are the focus of public attention
C. are an inappropriate subject for humor
D. have often been the laughing stock
【答案及解析】
D 推理判断题。由第四段最后一句可以推测出。
推理判断题在高考阅读理解题中占有比较大的比重，要求我们根据短文中的某个或某些事实细节进行简单的推理，从而作出判断，最终才能选择出正确的答案。推理判断常见的出题方式有：
1．推断作者的写作目的。题干中常常有purpose, intend to, mean to等。
作者写文章的目的通常有以下三种：
(1)to entertain readers(娱乐读者，让人发笑)：常见于故事类的文章。
(2)to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点)：常见于广告和议论文中。
(3)to inform readers(告知读者某些信息)：多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。
2．推测隐含意义。要求我们根据文章的某个句子、段落或者全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查我们透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意的能力。这类题题干中常常有infer(推断), suggest(暗示), imply(暗示), indicate(暗示), conclude(得出结论)等词语。
3．推断读者对象或者文章出处。解答此类题常常要依靠理解短语内容，特别要注意体会作者使用的
有倾向的词语和表示出来的语气。我们可以从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：
(1) 报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
(2) 广告：因其用词和格式特殊，容易辨认。
(3) 产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。
4．推测作者的观点和情感态度。题干中常常出现attitude, opinion, according to the writer等词语。根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。
【答案及解析】
本文描述作者对现在与过去的人过周日的一些感叹。
1. B 细节理解题。由文章第三段最后可知。
【答案及解析】
2. B 细节理解题。作者将这样的周日比作来自另一个时代的回声，可知这样的事情在现代并不常见。
【答案及解析】
3. A 词义猜测题。由句子的结构和意义可知，此处harbor为动词，表示“保留”的意思。
【答案及解析】
4. D 推理判断题。由文中最后一段可知，这个州的人民依然保持着一种互相扶持的特质。
【答案及解析】
5. A 推理判断题。由文中对现在的周日的描述可知，作者的态度是不甚满意的。(2011广东省六校联考)
At a primary school in a small town in the east of South Carolina, second grade teachers Garneau and Lynne are convinced that separating elementary age boys and girls produces immediate academic improvement in both genders(性别).
David Chadwell, South Carolina's coordinator of single gender education says, “Boys and girls learn, hear and respond to their surroundings differently. We can teach boys and girls based on what we now know.”
Male and female eyes are not organized in the same way, he explains. The composition of the male eye makes it sensitive to motion and direction. “Boys interpret the world as objects moving through space，” he says.
The male eye is also drawn to cooler colors like silver and black. It's no accident boys tend to create pictures of moving objects instead of drawing the happy colorful family, like girls do in their class.
The female eye, on the other hand, is drawn to warmer colors like red, yellow and orange. To attract girls, Chadwell says, the teacher doesn't need to move as much as in boys' class. Using descriptive phrases and lots of colors in presentations or on the blackboard gets their attention.
Boys and girls also hear differently. “When someone speaks in a loud tone, girls interpret it as yelling，” Chadwell says. “They think you're mad and can shut down.” Girls are more sensitive to sounds. He advises girls' teachers to watch the tone of their voices. Boys' teachers should sound more forceful, even excited.
A boy's nervous system causes him to be more cautious when he is standing, moving, and the room temperature is around 69 degrees Fahrenheit. Stress in boys, he says, tends to increase blood flow to their brains, a process that helps them stay focused. Girls are more focused when seated in a warmer room around 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Girls also respond to stress differently. When exposed to threat and conflict, blood goes to their guts(肠道), leaving them feeling nervous or anxious.
These differences can be applied in the classroom, Chadwell adds. “Single gender programs are about maximizing the learning.”
( ) 1. What is David Chadwell's attitude toward separating elementary age boys and girls while learning
A. Supportive. B. Worried.
C. Concerned. D. Uninterested.
【答案及解析】
本文讲述男女学生分开学习的好处。
1. A 推断题。由第二段 We can teach boys and girls based on what we now know.可知。
( ) 2. To engage boys in a class, the teacher ______.
A. must have a moving object in his hand
B. needs to wear clothes in warm color
C. has to speak politely
D. had better move constantly while teaching
【答案及解析】
2. D 推理判断题。由第三段sensitive to motion and direction及第五段doesn't need to move as much as in boys' class.可知。
( ) 3. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage
(①＝Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2
③＝Paragraph 3…＝⑧Paragraph 8)
【答案及解析】
3. A 篇章结构题。由文中各段主题句可知①②段引入主题；③—⑦段论述；⑧段总结。
( ) 4. Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A. Ways of teaching boys and ways of teaching girls
B. Boys and girls should be separated
C. How boys and girls learn differently
D. How to teach more effectively
【答案及解析】
4. C 主旨大意题。由文中第一段介绍主旨的最后一句可知。
( ) 5. Which of the following students is most likely to be focused
A. A boy sitting in a warm room.
B. A standing boy who is faced with stress.
C. A girl standing in a cold room.
D. A girl who is facing a lot of pressure.
【答案及解析】
5. B 细节题。由第七段可知。
说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理的文体。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词、科学小品等。
掌握说明顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序及说明方法：举例子、作比较、分类别、因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用等对理解说明文体有着重要的作用。
一、说明文的大体结构有：
1．总体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述；
2．现象或变化+细节或原因阐述+引发的后果和相关启示。
语言特点：高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科普知识方面的题材，文中常包含有结构复杂、句意深奥的解释性、定义性、说明性长句，甚至可能会出现多种从句迭现的现象。
二、阅读说明文的关键：
1．抓住说明对象的本质特征。
2．把握说明的顺序，了解文章的结构，把握文章的脉络。
3．在阅读过程中画出长难句的主干成分(主谓宾)、标出关键词、有的可边看边画草图结构或流程图。
三、科普说明文常考查的题型：
1．标题判断题
科普说明文多出现标题判断题，考查考生对全文的理解，它常以What would be the best title for this passage？为设问方式，回答时多以How…为标题。
2．生词词义判断题
常以What does the underlined word…mean？或What is the meaning of the underlined word…？为设问方式。
3．代词指代判断题
常以it, they, them等表物的代词为命题点。考生根据上下文语境逻辑推断其指代对象。
【答案及解析】
本文讲述了周口店的重要性及其保护的相关措施。
1. A 细节理解题。由文章第一段可知。
【答案及解析】
2. C 主旨大意题。由文中第二段第一句主题句可知。
【答案及解析】
3. C 细节理解题。由文中第二段可知。
【答案及解析】
4. B 细节理解题。由文章最后一段可知。
【答案及解析】
5. D 词义猜测题。由上下文可知，周口店损伤很大，如果再不采取措施，将会是一个灾难。(2011深圳高级中学考前模拟题)
Making an apology is not the same as making amends. Sometimes we apologize just because it's the easiest thing to do. What's actually important is to identify where we go wrong, take full responsibility for our mistakes and, if possible, try to make up for them.
A recent case involving Hewlett Packed, the US computer giant, shows the importance of presenting a sincere apology. The Chinese consumers who had bought notebook computers of certain models, which have been put on Chinese market since 2007, suffered a massive flash screen failures and overheating problems. Through investigation, Chinese AQSIQ (国家质检总局) identified these HP computers had quality problems and HP admitted this.
HP made a proposal that they would extend the warranty(保修) period of such computers, but this could not satisfy the consumers. What they needed was a thorough description of the truth. HP has “sincerely” apologized. But the consumers remain angry, and say that only a product recall — as HP has done in the past — will prove that the apology is sincere.
Another apology that fell flat on its face was that of Thierry Henry, the famous French footballer. His deliberate handball in November 2009 created the goal which knocked Ireland out of the 2010 World Cup. The incident caused great anger in the football world, and eventually Henry issued an apology. Two days later, he wrote, “I'm not the referee…but if I hurt someone I'm sorry.”
Better late than never, perhaps, but even then he passed the blame onto the referee!
Such high profile cases, which attract a lot of publicity often under the spotlight, but similar incidents occur in our everyday lives. Stress caused by schoolwork and tiredness can sometimes result in outbursts of anger against friends and family. Have you ever lost your temper for minor reasons After calming down, most people are quick to realize their mistake and apologize. But it's just as important to identify what caused the error in the first place and take action to ensure it doesn't happen again.
No one should hold a negative attitude to making a sincere apology. Empty words are easy to say, but they are as useless as they sound. A real show of remorse(痛悔；自责)demands hard work and commitment to put error right.
( ) 1. What does the author intend to tell us in the case of HP
A. A true apology needs sincere actions.
B. HP should recall all the faulty computers.
C. Good quality makes a good company.
D. A company should apologize and pay for their mistakes.
【答案及解析】
本文主要通过一些实例来讲述如何弥补过错。
1. A 细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句结论可知。
( ) 2. According to the author, when we do anything wrong we firstly ______.
A. make an apology face to face honestly
B. admit we were wrong and try to make the wrong right
C. take the responsibility for apologizing to others
D. choose the easiest thing to do
【答案及解析】
2. B 细节理解题。由文章第一段可知。
( ) 3. We can infer from the case of Thierry Henry that ______.
A. it's never too late to say “I'm sorry.”
B. writing an apology is not a good idea
C. Henry didn't identify his fault
D. the football fans were mad with Henry
【答案及解析】
3. C 推理判断题。由文章第三段最后一句可知。
4. Which of the following can best explain the word “commitment” in the last paragraph
A. Decision. B. Promise.
C. Agreement. D. Responsibility.
【答案及解析】
4. D 词义猜测题。由上下句可知。
( ) 5. What's the best title of this passage
A. What really puts things right
B. Don't apologize easily
C. Making an apology — no one is out of exception
D. How to judge an apology — sincere enough
【答案及解析】
5. A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述如何弥补过错，因此最佳选项为A。
议论文也就是说理性的文章，通常由论点、论据、论证过程和结论组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据(evidence)，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。为了突出写作目的，作者常在文章开头就提出论点，以便读者对作者观点有一个比较清晰的了解。提出论点之后，作者就会提供论据来论证论点是否正确。论证的方法较多，最为常见的方法是正反论证，这样的论证思路清晰，观点明确，说服力强，震撼度高。论证结束之后，作者就论点是否正确提出明确结论，它体现作者的写作目的和文章的现实意义。也就是说，议论文一般会按提出问题、
分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。
阅读议论文我们要抓住论题、抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题和观点，我们就把握了中心，再结合作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点、结论之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。因此，阅读议论文的关键是：抓论题、抓观点。而作者提出论题或观点多在文首或文尾、段首或段尾，这些都是阅读的重点部分。
【答案及解析】
该篇是一篇教育类夹叙夹议的文章， 讲述了作者通过教学发现教育存在的问题。
1. D 推理判断题。根据第一段整体的信息作出判断和推理。
【答案及解析】
2. C 推理判断题。根据对第二段的整体判断，特别是最后一句，可得出答案。
【答案及解析】
3. C 词义猜测题。第四段的第二句中“this new government program”中this 指代前面的“thousand talent scheme”，故scheme和 program为同义词，C中project 为program的同义词。
【答案及解析】
4. B 逻辑推理题。文中没有直接表达出来，根据第四段最后一句得出，“even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.”中this 指的是China's learning environment存在的问题即problem, 也就是指It's hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness这个问题。
【答案及解析】
5. A 主旨大意题。从整体和最后一段判断，整篇文章是讲关于教育出现的问题——有了丰富的学习环境，及新的学习方法，才能有创造性的研究氛围。(2011广东省实验中学第二次模拟题)
The clock struck eleven at night. The whole house was quiet. Everyone was in bed except me. Under the strong light, I looked sadly before me at a huge pile of that troublesome stuff(东西) — they call “books”.
I was going to have my examination the next day. “When can I go to bed？” I asked myself. I didn't answer. In fact I dared not.
The clock struck twelve. “Oh, dear！” I cried. “Ten more books to read before I can go to bed！” We pupils are the most wretched creatures in the world. Dad does not agree with me on this. He did not have to work so hard when he was a boy.
The clock struck one. I was quite desperate(绝望的) now. I forgot all I had learned. I was too tired to go on. I did the only thing I could. I prayed, “Oh, God, please help me pass the exam tomorrow. I do promise to work hard afterwards, Amen.” My eyes were so heavy that I could hardly open them. A few minutes later, with my head on the desk, I fell asleep.
The underlined word “wretched” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A. very happy B. disappointed
C. hopeful D. very unhappy
【答案及解析】
D 由前后文用词a huge pile, dared not, desperate，可知画线词表示作者当时的一种消极的感情。再在B、D之间判断，发现作者并非是期望之后的失望，而是受到学习重压的“不开心”。
这类试题的考点包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测、有隐含意义的句子的意思，以及对that/it/they/them等代词的确指对象的判断等。在高考广东卷每年高考题中有2～3道。
一、常见的提问方式有：
(1)What does the underlined word “…” refer to
(2)In the…paragraph, the word…means (refers to) ______.
(3)According to the passage, …probably means ________.
二、解题技巧：
解答这类试题最重要的方法是通过理解含生词部分的上下文来推测其意思。注意以下小技巧：
1. 通过表示接近或递进的and或or等来确定生词的义域，推知它的大致意思。
2. 通过生词后的定语、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。
3. 代词所指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句中(特别是前句)，或者前几个句子中，找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。
4. 考题中若是需要推测意思的是熟词，我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思，那些常规含义的选项通常不会是要选择的正确答案。
5. 根据转折对比关系推测。
根据上下句之间表示转折或对比关系的连接性词语来推测词义。如表示转折的词有but, however, otherwise, though等；表示对比关系的标志性词语有unlike, while, on the other hand, in spite of, in contrast等。
6. 根据因果关系推测。
根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。可能是由表示原因的句意推出表示结果的句子中的某个生词或短语的意思，即由因推果法；也可能是由表示结果的句意推出表示原因的句子中的某个词或短语的意思，即由果推因法。表示因果关系的有
because, so that, so/such…that…等。
7. 还可以根据并列关系、同类关系、比喻关系、定义关系所举实例、构词法和生活常识等多种方法来推测。
【答案及解析】
本文讲述暑假中小孩子的安排和对家长的一些建议。
1. C 细节理解题。由第一段的第三句及第四句可知，今年的特殊情况是经济危机。
【答案及解析】
2. A 词义猜测题。由后文对比staycation和 a change of scenery可知答案为A。
3. B 篇章结构题。文章第一段的作用是为引入话题所做的一个介绍。
【答案及解析】
4. B 主旨大意题。由作者所给的(1)(2)(3)(4)可知，他的目的在于提供建议帮助孩子过好暑假。
【答案及解析】
5. A 推理判断题。由建议(3)对今年情况的描述可知： In fact, this year, there are tremendous bargains everywhere.(2011佛山一中月考题)
In the earliest stages of man's development he had no more need of money than animals have. He was content with very simple forms of shelter, made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him. As he became more civilized, however, he began to want better shelter, more efficient tools and weapons,
and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands. For these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths, leather workers or carpenters. It was then that the question of payment arose.
As men became more civilized they ______.
A. all learnt to make by themselves the things needed
B. had to travel a lot to look for what they wanted
C. wanted better things than those they themselves could provide
D. no longer provided food and clothing for themselves
【答案及解析】
C 从问题的关键词became more civilized出发，可以定位到文中与之相关的语句：As he became more civilized…发现文中用he代替men, 后面的语句however, he began to want better shelter, more efficient tools and weapons, and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands 对应选项C，用themselves概括了his own neighborhood和of his own unskilled hands。
细节理解题旨在考查考生对事实细节的理解。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。
一、提问方式
这类题主要是针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问的。如：
(1)Which of the following statements is true / NOT true / false according to the passage
(2)In the passage, which of the following is mentioned / not mentioned
(3)All the following statements are true EXCEPT ______.
二、解题技巧
1. 高考试题中的细节理解题主要是通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查考生对英语语言的理解能力。解答这类题可用“寻找题眼”，即从问题入手，找到问题中的题眼，有针对性地扫读短文，迅速锁定相关词句或信息点，然后寻找相关的同义或反义表述，围绕主旨深刻理解材料。
2. 一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案，但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思。但正确选项应当与主旨相关联。
3. 如果问题中含有否定意义的词语，如有not, except
等，要特别留心，不要理解错了，而选相反的答案。
三、干扰选项的特点：
1. 是原文信息，但是不是题目要求的内容；
2. 符合常识，但不是文章内容；
3. 与原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度或范围上有些变动。
【答案及解析】
本文讲述了世界上老年人越来越多以及应对越来越多老年人这个问题的一些建议。
【答案及解析】
1. C 细节理解题。从第二段的第二句及第三句可得出答案。
2. A 细节理解题。从文中第三段第二句可得出。
【答案及解析】
3. D 细节理解题。从文中第四段的第一句可得出。
4. D 细节理解题。从文中最后两段可以看出A、B、C三项均有提及。
【答案及解析】
5. B 主旨大意题。由文中内容可以看出作者提及两个方面，第一是问题的严重性，第二是解决的一些着眼点。因此答案明显选择B。(2011汕头金山中学考前适应卷)
The high protein, low carbohydrate(碳水化合物) diets many people turn to for weight loss might have potentially harmful long term effects on the colon, a small study indicates.
In the study, UK researchers found that a protein heavy, low carb diet created certain changes in the colon that could contribute to colon cancer risk. The study itself does not show whether high protein diets really raise the risk of any colon diseases, but the findings raise that possibility.
Diets relatively high in protein and lower in carbs have been shown to help heavy people lose weight. “People should not be discouraged from losing weight，” Dr Flint said. However, he added, they should make sure that any weight loss plan includes adequate amounts of fiber and a high protein intake over months to years might have ill effects on the colon.
The findings are based on 17 overweight men who followed three short term diets: a one week menu plan to keep their weight; a four week high protein diet with reasonable amounts of carbohydrates; and a four week high protein diet low in carbs.
On average, the study found when the men were on the high protein diets, they had higher levels of substances known as N nitroso compounds(亚硝基化合物) and other metabolites(代谢物) that have been linked to cancer. And when they were on the high protein, low carb diet, they had lowered amounts of fiber originated compounds thought to be protective against cancer.
Exactly what those changes might mean for a person's health is not clear. But Flint said that the findings suggest that people should be cautious about consuming too much protein and too little fiber over a long period. In general, experts recommend that adults get about 28 grams of fiber per day — though it's not known whether that's enough for someone on a high protein weight loss diet.
1. What is the best title of the text
A. Plan a Healthy Diet
B. Take Care of Your Colon
C. How to Lose Weight
D. How to Protect against Cancer
2. The author is intended to ______.
A. advise how to lose weight
B. introduce a scientific finding
C. describe a research process
D. talk about healthy diets
【答案及解析】
本文介绍了一个科学发现，高蛋白低碳水化合物的减肥餐可能导致身体伤害。
1. B 主旨大意题。由文章第一段和最后一段概括可知。
2. B 主旨大意题。由文章第一段可知。
一、把握文章中心主题
阅读理解首先是对文章中心思想的理解，因此主旨大意题是必考题。虽然有些文章的考题中没有主旨大意题，但考生把握其主旨对解答任何一类试题都是非常有帮助的。主题句通常在段首、段末出现或首尾呼应，有时在句中，或者没有明显的主题句，这就需要我们根据文中所述内容进行归纳总结。
1．提问方式：
要求考生确定段落大意或全文的中心思想，题干中一般有main idea, topic, subject, mainly 等字眼。常见的题干形式有：
(1)The main/general/central idea of the passage is __________.
(2)The passage mainly deals with / discusses __________.
2．解题步骤：
(1)阅读文章开头几句和最后几句，以便获得有关主题和中心思想的信息。
(2)浏览文章的其余部分，寻找能支撑和论证主题、中心思想的关键词。
(3)仔细推敲各个选项，排除有明显错误或无关信息的选项，从而选出最佳答案。
3．干扰项特点：
(1)概括范围太窄，只含局部信息；
(2)概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。
(3)无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。
4．掌握辨认主旨的4个小窍门：
(1)段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。
(2)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
(3)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答就是文章
主旨。
(4)提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示，如therefore, thus, but, however, in fact, in short等等。
二、选择文章标题
与选择主题的方法一样，标题必须能够概括全文中心内容，既不能停留在某个细节的概括，也不能包括文章没有提及到的内容。标题的选择和主题都要求考生在把握文章中心的基础上给文章选择一个合适的标题。与主旨要义题相比，具有三个特性：概括性、针对性、醒目性。
1. 了解结构特点，迅速掌握文章主旨。此类题的阅读
文章多属于议论文和说明文，其结构特点常表现为：提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。根据这一特点，我们可以迅速把握文章的脉络，从而快捷而又准确地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。
2. 根据主题句的特点或位置规律，找准主题句。
主题句的特点：主题句所表达的意思具有明显的概括性；句子结构简单精练；文章或段落中的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或扩展。
3. 文章标题要符合文体特征，比如记叙文的标题要能够吸引读者的兴趣。
【答案及解析】
本文是一个忧心忡忡的母亲写信向专家讨论女儿的成长问题。
1. C 细节理解题。结合文中第二段和第四段可知。
【答案及解析】
2. A 细节理解题。从文章回信的第二段，not within their reach 可知。
3. D 词义猜测题。结合上下句可知，这是一种青少年不成熟的行为。
【答案及解析】
4. A 推理判断题。从文章最后两段可知。
5. B 主旨大意题。文中由始至终贯穿的是一个母亲对女儿的担忧。
