中考阅读材料名人逸事10篇打包（有答案）

名人逸事
[材料1]
Einstein had a rich sense of humor, though his mind was always busy thinking about problems of nature and working out new theories. He would sometimes crack a joke or two even when he might be speaking about some complicated theory of physics to a learned group of scientists. For example ,he once gave a talk on his theory of time. He discussed dozens of different ideas about time. But after an hour or so he suddenly stopped , and with a look that seemed to say “I’m so sorry”, he asked, “Does anyone know what time it is I’m afraid it is getting late.”
Another time towards the end of his life,when he was with a group of young students, mostly young men,he was asked to explain his law of relativity. He smiled, then said : “When you sit with a nice girl for two hours ,you think it’s only a minute. But when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, you think it’s two hours. That is relativity.”
This passage mainly tells us that Einstein ______.
was always busy working out new theories
was always busy thinkg about problems of nature
always gave lectures on his theories
was a man of humor
Einstein would sometimes crack a joke or two to make _______.
A. everybody surprised B.his theories easy to understand
C.his students laugh D.his tak interesting
Once Einstein discussed dozens of different ideas in his talk on his theory of______.
A.time B.relativity C.space D. physics
The example to explain the theory of relativity was given by Einstein when he was______.
A. young B. near the end of his life
C. in his house D. with a group of scientists
Simply speaking ,relativity means______.
one feels time is short when he or she is with a nice girl
measure of motion(运动) ,space and time are relative
one feels time is too long when he or she sits on a hot stove
Both A and C
Key: 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.D
[材料2]
Mark Twain’s First Money
Mark Twain was asked one day if he could remember the first money he ever earned.
He thought a long time and then said , “Yes, it was at school. I can remember everything about it . School boys in those days did not take good care of their chairs and desks. There was a rule in our school that if anyone damaged his desk or chair, he would have to pay five dollars or the teacher would beat him in front of the whole school.”
“One day I damaged my desk in some way, I had to pay five dollars or be beaten before the whole school. My father said it would be too bad to have our family disagraced in front of the whole school. He agreed to give me five dollars to hand over the teacher. But before he gave me the money, he took me upstairs and gave me a beating.”
“But as I had one beating and I decided I would take another beating at school and keep the five dollars. So that’s what I did. That was the first money I ever earned.”
Mark Twain earned his first money _________.
A.when he was a pupil B.when he became a writer
C.when he taught at a school D.when he was beaten by his father
The school made the rule so that they could_____.
teach the students well
give the students a beating
keep the desks and chairs well
ask the students for more money
3.Mark Twain’s father______.
was happy to give him the money
got angry when he knew what Mark Twain had done at school
said sorry to the teacher when he heard the news
agreed to beat Mark Twain and then give him the money
4.Mark Twain’s father thought if he gave Mark Twain the money______.
he would not be beaten in front of the whole school
he would go to the school again
he would never do that again
he would earn the money
5. Mark Twain was beaten_______.
A.at home B.only by his father
C.at school D.both at school and at home
6.Mark Twain______.
gave the money to the teacher
bought a desk for the school
asked his father to go upstairs
kept the money for himself
7.Mark Twain’f father neat him because________.
he wanted to teach the boy a lesson
he didn’t want the boy to be beaten by the teacher
he didn’t want to give him the money
he didn’t want to have his family disagraced
Key:1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.D
[材料3]
Edison's Life
Can you imagine what Edison's life was like in the years after he had invented the electric lamp
Many things had to be invented and built before the electric lamp could really be used by all.
Everything that was needed had to be thought of and built by Edison and the men who worked with him. There was no place where they could buy the things they needed. Edison made 360 inventions more in order to send electric power to wherever it was wanted.
Edison directed all the work himself: testing new machines, pulling wires under ground, fixing lights, and so on. He seemed to be everywhere at the same time. He wanted his men to do as much work as he did. But he never asked them to do things that he himself would not do or could not do.
He had never thought much about regular hours for sleep; he often forgot completely about sleeping. He slept for a few minutes at a time, in the middle of the night, in an underground room at his power station, with a metal box as his bed. During these days, he almost never saw his wife and children.
Everyone probably expected that Edison enjoyed his success when his work was completed. However, he did not notice at all the money and honor he received, because soon he became interested in other ideas.
1. After Edison invented electric lamp, he _____.
A. did nothing B. built many things
C. stopped inventing things D. needed nothing
2. Who thought of and built everything which was needed
A. Edison B. The men C. His wife D. His children
3. Edison never asked his men to do _____ .
A. as much work as he did B. what he would do
C. what he could do D. what he would not do or couldn't do
4. Edison had never thought much about regular hours for sleep. It means _____.
A. Edison never forgot about sleeping
B. Edison often kept regular hours for sleeping
C. Edison never kept regular hours for sleeping
D. Edison sometimes forgot about sleeping
5. Which of the following is true
A. Edison became interested in money.
B. Edison liked money and honour.
C. Edison was a great American inventor .
D. Edison was a great English inventor.
Key: 1.B 2. A 3 D. 4.C 5.C
[材料4]
Alex Harley was born in the northeast of New York in 1921,but he spent most of his early life with his mother’s family . Their history,she said,began with Toby. He was a slave from Africa and his name was Kintay.
Alex Harley went to school and then to college .In 1939 ,he joined the US coastguard. As he was a Black ,his job was to wait on tables and washed dishes. In his spare time,he learned to write stories. He served in the coastguard for 20 years. . After he retired he put all his time into writing.
Alex Harley remembered the stories his grandmother had told him. He began to study his family story. After a lot of research, Harley decided that Toby probably was Kinta Kinte for the West African Mandingo people. Kinta Kinte was caught near the Village of Juffure on the Gambia River. He was sold as a slave in Annapolis, Maryland in 1767 . Then Harley made a trip to Gambia and talked with a history expert in Juffure. The African historian made his conclusion stronger.
Alex Harley wanted to tell the experiences of the Black people in 18th-and-19th-century America. He spent 10 years researching and writing his family story for the book “Roots”, It was published in 1979. It won a special Pulizer Prize. A few years later, a film series based on Harley’s book was shown on American television.
Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
He made a trip to Gambia.
Alex Harley knew the stories about their family
Kntay l;ived near the Gambia River.
Harley retired from the US coastguard.
Toby was sold as a slave
Hebegan to stuey his family history.
A. e,c,b ,f,d,a B.. c,e,b,d,f,a
C. e,b,d,c,a,f D. c,b,d,e,a,f
Where did Harley spend most of this childhood
A.In Gambia B.In the north of the US
C.In Maryland D.In the south of America
When did Harley learn to write stories
A.In 1959 B.After 1921
C.Before 1939 D.In the army
Which conclusion did he draw after doing a lot of research
Toby was a history expert.
Toby’s hometown was near Gambia River.
Toby was an African historian.
Toby’s hometown was Annapolis.
Which of the following might have happened after watching “Roots” on TV
Every American talking about their family story.
None of the Americans talking about their family history.
Many Americans became interested in researching their family history.
Only the Black people became interested in researching their family history.
Key: 1.B 2.D 3.A 4 B 5.C
[材料5]
Charlie Chaplin
About the year 1900, a small, dark haired boy named Charlie Chaplin was often seen waiting outside the back entrances of London theaters. He looked thin and hungry. He was hoping to get work in show business. He could sing and dance, and above all ,he knew how to make people laugh. But he couldn’t get work and therefore wandered about the city streets. Sometimes he was sent away to a home for children who had no parents.
But twenty years later this same Chaplin became the greatest, best known ,and best loved comedian in the world. Any regular visitor to the cinema must have seen some of Charlie Chaplin’s films. People everywhere have sat and laughed at them until the tears ran down their faces. Even people who don’t understand English can enjoy Chaplin’s films because they are mostly silent. It isn’t what he says that makes us laugh. His comedy doesn’t depend upon words or language. It depends upon little actions which mean the same thing to people all over the world . Acting out without words of common human plays an important part in the dances and plays of many countries .It’s a kind of world language.
Chaplin lived most of his life in America and died in Switzerland on Christmas Day 1977 ,at the age of eighty-eight . There was sadness all over the world at the news of this death.
1
Chaplin was born in_______.
A.America B.Switzerland
C.England D.Fance
Little does Chaplin’s comedy depend on______.
A. actions B.acting out
C. common human’s words D.words and language
One of the reasons that people all over the world can enjoy Chaplin’s films is that_______.
most of them have been put into different languages
they can enjoy films silently
they are nost comedies
most of them are not sound films
4._____is a kind of world language according to the passage.
A.Comedy B.Acting out without words
C.Silence D.Films
Chaplin is regarded as king of comedy mainly because_______.
he acted out the common human situations(状况) best in his comedy
his films are mostly silent
he knew how to make people laugh
any regular visitor has seen some of his films
Key 1.C 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.A
[材料6]
Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was often said to be the greatest genius of his age. There are only a few men in all of history, who have changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light. But Edison could never be happy only because someone said he was a genius." There is no such thing as genius," Edison said. He said that what people called genius was mostly hard work. But Edison was a dreamer as well as a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature . Nature, he often said, is full of secrets. He tried to understand them; then, he tried to learn what could usefully be done with them.
Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew that most people will do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially if they do not think very often. But he knew, too, that thinking can give men enjoyment and pleasure.
Edison could not understand how anyone could be uninterested in life. As he loved to think, he also loved to work. On the day he became 75 years old, someone asked him what ideas he had about life." Work, " he answered, "discovering the secrets of nature and using them to make men happier, "He said he had enough inventions in his mind to give him another 100 years of work.
1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. Edison invented the electric light.
B. Many other people have changed Edison's life
C. Edison has changed the lives of many other people.
D. Few men in history can change other people's lives.
2. Edison thought _____.
A. he would be happy if he was a genius
B. genius plays the most important part in one's success(成功）.
C. hard work could do better than genius
D. genius could do better than hard work
3. Edison was ______.
A. very much uninterested in nature
B. interested in discovering the secrets of nature
C. interested in changing people's ideas
D. uninterested in making people happier by discovering the secrets of nature
4. In Edison's opinion(见解), _____.
A. thinking can offer people with enjoyment and pleasure as well as help
B. people's success lies mostly in genius
C. hard work is the second most important thing in making people successful
D. there are few secrets for him to discover later
5. The last sentence in the passage most probably implies ______.
A. life is too short for Edison to invent more for human beings
B. Edison made 100 inventions in his life
C. Edison was able to live and work for 100 years
D. people of his time were ready to give Edison another 100 years' work
Key: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5A
[材料7]
The Piano Concert
A young woman in a small German town was going to give a piano concert. Her posters said that she was a pupil of Franz Liszt, the great Hungarian pianist..
This was not true.
One day the woman learned that Liszt himself was in town. Now people would find out that, she would never be able to give a concert again . What should she do
Finally she went to see the famous man himself. She told him everything .Her parents were dead and she was alone. She had to make a living. She decided to give piano lessons to rich children. But who would send their children to an unknown young woman She told people that Franz Liszt was her teacher.
“I believe you,” Liszt said , “ You have done wrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it. That’s enough. Now let me hear you play.”
The young woman was shy at first ,But then she saw Liszt smiling. It made her feel better. Now she wasn’t afraid any more. She started playing .She put her heart into it and she played wonderfully, Liszt was quite pleased.
When she finished , she turned to look at Liszt. There was a smile on his face. She could see he was pleased. Then Liszt gave her some advice, After he finished , he said, “ Now you really are my pupil. Go ahead with your concert. And you can add a note to the posters. Say that your teacher himself will be there. He will play the last piece.”
\1.A pupil of Franz Liszt was going to give a piano concert in a small German town before the great pianist himself came.
2.Franz Liszt himself went to say something to the woman about her mistake.
3.When the woman knew the pianist came to town, she was very worried and afraid.
4.In fact the woman played the piano very well.
5.At last Franz Liszt took the young woman as his pupil.
Key: 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.T
[材料8]
Florence Nightingale was born in a rich family.When she was young she took lessons in music and drawing, and read great books .She also traveled a great deal with her mother and father.
As a child she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure. She enjoyed helping them.
At last her mind was made up. “I’m going to be a nurse,” she decided.
“Nursing isn’t the right work for a lady,” her father told her.
“Then I will make it so,” she smiled. And she went to learn nursing in Germany and France. When she returned to England , Florence started a nursing home for women. During the Crimean War in 1854 she went with a group of thirty-eight nurses to the front hospitals. What they saw there was terrible. Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen---and smelled. The officer there did not want any woman to tell him how to run a hospital, either.
But the brave nurses went to work. Florence used her own money and some from friends to buy clothes ,beds ,medicines and food for the men. Her only pay was in smiles from the lips of dying soldiers. But they were more than enough for this kind woman .
After she returned to England she was praised for her work by Queen Victoria . But Florence said that her work had just begun. She raised money to build the Nightingale Home for Nurses in London. She also wrote a book on public health, which was printed in several countries.
Florence Nightingale died at the age of ninety,still trying to serve others through her work as a nurse. Indeed, it is because of her that we praised nurses today.
`When she was a child Florence________.
loved to travel very much
knew what her duty in life was
loved to visit the sick people
was most interested in music and drawing
What made Florence make up her mind to become a nurse
Her father’s support
Her desire(愿望) to help the sick people
C.Her education in Germany and France
D.Her knowledge from reading great books.
During the Crimean War in 1854 ,she served in the front hospital where_____.
she got a little money
work was very difficult
few soldiers died because of her work
she didn’t have enough food and clothes
Why was she praised by Queen Victoria
She built the Nightingale Home for Nurses.
She wrote a book on public health.
She worked as a nurse all her life.
She did a great deal of work during the Crimean Was.
The title of the passage should be______.
The Life Story of a Famous Woman
Something About the Nursing Work
An Example of Successful Education
The History of Nursing in England
Key: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.A
[材料9]
Sam Higgins was a famous of America photographer. He traveled all over the world, taking photographs for magazines and newspapers. His photographs won many prizes and he earned a lot of money.
“I’ll do anything to get a good photograph.,” he often said . “I’ll go anywhere at any time, even if it is dangerous.”
And he spoke the truth. He had photographs of earthquakes, forest fires, floods, even wars. If something interesting happened, Sam went to photograph it.
He was a married man and his wife often asked him to take her with him, but he always refused.
“I travel for my work , not for pleasure,” he told her. “You won’t enjoy yourself and I won’t have time to look after you. Sometimes there is not even anywhere to stay and I have to sleep outside. I often don’t have a good meal or a bath for days. You won’t like it.”
“Sam, I’m not a child,” his wife argued.” I can look after myself. Please take me with you next time you go overseas.”
Sam did not say anything but he thought about it and when he was asked to go to Africa he said, “You can come to Africa with me if you want to. I’ll go to take photographs of the wildlife there. It should be interesting and not too uncomfortable. We’ll be staying with a ranger.”
His wife was very excited, and at first she had a very enjoyable time.
Then Sam went off to find some lions to photograph. His wife went with him, but before long they became separated. They came to a fork in the path and she walked down one path while he walked down the other.
The Sam heard her crying .He ran back to the fork in the path and saw her running toward him. A huge lion was running after her.
Quickly , sam took his camera out of its case and pointed it at his wife and the lion.
Then he shouted, “Slow down ,woman.，and I can get you both in the picture.”
Sam Higgins_____.
enjoyed traveling
was a professional photographer
appeared in many magazines
took only dangerous photos
He always_____.
took his wife with him
spoke the truth
went to safe places
travelled alone
Where did he often have to sleep
In a forest fire B.In a hotel
C.In a bathroom D.Outdoors
Mrs Higgins wanted to ____.
have her photograph taken
stay with a ranger
go with her husband
have a child
What did Mrs Higgins find
A.a lion B.A fork C.a camera D.a camera case
Mr Higgins asked his wife to slow down because________.
he wanted to kill the lion
he wanted to save his wife
he wanted to take the picture in which a lion was running after a woman
wanted to put away his camera
Key 1.B 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.C
[材料10]
Archimedes was a Greek scientist. Everyone honoured him even the king then.
Now ,the king had a gold crown that he loved very much. He often learned that the man who made it for him might be a thief. Perhaps he thought the man did not use pure gold .So he told Archimedes to find out if the crown was made of real gold.
The scientist did not know what to do .He studied the matter for many days and could not find the answer. Then one morning ,he stepped into a batch and saw the water rise and run over the side . “I have found it!” he cried. And he began his work to prove what he had discovered.
Here is what he did: Archimedes weighed the crown and got pieces of gold and silver which had the same weight .Then he filled a large jar with water. First he put the crown in it. Then he filled it with water again and put the pieces of gold in.. Then he tried the pieces of silver. He carefully weighed the water that came over the top each time. There was more water from the crown than from the pieces of gold, but there was more still from the silver pieces. So he was able to prove that the king’s crown was neither all gold nor all silver ,but a mixture of gold and silver.
A few days later, when the country was in danger from the Roman army, the king again turned to Archimedes for help . “Can you make me a war machines to stop the enemy ” asked the king.
“Of course,” answered Archimedes. ”I can destroy their ships by lifting them out of the sea.”
Everyone thought he was a fool, but he started to work and finally made a simple machine called a pulley, using a wheel and a rope .He tied his pulleys to the ship , then handed the end of the rope to the king and told him to pull . As the king pulled, the heavy ship jumped out of the water like a fish. Thus Archimedes proved that his machine could make man’s work easier by lifting heavy loads.
The Roman army gave up their fight. They could win against men they said, but not against a wizard like Archimedes.
One day the king asked Archimedes to_____.
catch the thief who stole his crown
find out if the crown was made of pure gold
weigh his crown
teach him maths
At last he found that____.
the crown was made of pure gold
the crown was made of pure silver
the crown was only a mixture of gold and silver
the crown was made of metal
Archimedes was asked to help the king for the second time because_____.
he had another crown
he needed a large ship
he needed a pulley
Roman army would attack the country
The Roman army didn’t attack the country because_________.
They didn’t like to
They were afraid of the king
They were afraid of Archimedes
They were not ready
5.A pulley can___________.
lift heavy loads more easily than a man
attack the enemy’s ships
weigh the crown
help the ship run more faster
Key: 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.A