Unit
2 Morals
and
Virtues
Discovering
Useful
Structures
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
观察上面的情景,
根据语境用所给单词的适当形式填空。
(1)They
see
a
man
coming(come),
holding(hold)
a
bird
cage.
(2)The
man
may
find
the
bird
really
annoying(annoy),
which
usually
makes
a
noise.
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后,
补充说明宾语的动作或状态。在这种情况下,
及物动词通常是表示感觉和心理状态的动词或使役动词。
(2019·江苏高考)A
Mexican
farmer
was
surprised
to
see
smoke
rising
from
a
small
part
of
his
land.
一位墨西哥农民惊讶地发现从他的一小块地里冒出了烟。
I
felt
my
heart
beating
violently
when
I
was
seeing
the
70th
anniversary
of
foundation
of
China.
我看中国建国70周年庆典的时候,
感到心潮澎湃。
1.
动词-ing形式在感官动词后作宾语补足语。
在see,
hear,
feel,
watch,
notice等感官动词后,
用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语,
表示一个正在进行的主动的动作,
强调一个过程或一种状态。
In
the
crowded
cafe,
I
heard
a
friendly
voice
saying,
“You
can
share
my
table.
”
在一个拥挤的咖啡馆,
我听到一个友好的声音在说:
“你可以和我坐在一桌。”
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
Dr.
Jubilado
said.
“I
could
see
them
actually
walking
under
the
sea.
”
Dr.
Jubilado说:
“我能看到他们确实在海底走。”
在see,
hear,
feel,
watch,
notice等感官动词后,
既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语,
也可用省略to的不定式构成复合宾语,
两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing形式时,
表示动作正在进行;
用省略to的不定式时,
表示动作发生了,
即动作的全过程结束了。
Today
on
my
way
home,
I
saw
a
man
running
along
the
street
hurriedly.
今天在我回家的路上,
我看到一个男人正匆忙地从街上跑过。
I
saw
him
enter
the
room
and
take
something
away.
我看到他进入房间,
并拿着东西离开了。
(1)I
noticed
a
thief
stealing
money
from
the
old
woman’s
pocket
yesterday.
昨天我注意到一个小偷正在从那位上年纪的女士口袋里偷钱。
(2)She
heard
someone
knocking
at
the
door.
?
她听到有人在敲门。
(3)He
saw
a
girl
get
on
the
car
and
drive
off.
?
他看见一个女孩上车把车开走了。
(4)Can
you
hear
her
singing
the
song
in
the
next
room?
?
你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
2.
动词-ing形式在使役动词后作宾语补足语。
使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语,
表示“让……一直做某事”。
It’s
cold.
We
should
have
the
fire
burning
all
the
time.
天气冷。我们本应该让火一直燃烧着。
I
won’t
have
you
running
about
in
the
room.
我不允许你一直在房间里跑来跑去。
(1)have/get+宾语+done,
done是过去分词作宾语补足语。包括两层意思:
①让别人去做某事。
He
will
have/get
the
computer
repaired
tomorrow.
他明天让人给他修电脑。
②
(主语)遭受到(意外的损失或不幸)。
He
had/got
his
computer
stolen
the
other
day.
前几天他的电脑被偷了。
(2)have
+宾语+do
sth.
意思是“让某人去做某事”。
Mother
has
me
go
to
the
shop
to
buy
some
fruit.
妈妈让我去商店买一些水果。
(3)leave(使……处于某种状态),
keep(使……保持某种状态)后一般跟分词作补足语,
而不跟动词不定式。
Many
teachers
keep
parents
informed
of
children’s
performance
in
the
kindergarten
by
sharing
videos
on
WeChat.
许多老师通过在微信上分享视频让家长知晓孩子们在幼儿园的表现。
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
(1)Mr
Smith
suggested
a
good
way
to
have
her
written
English
improved(improve)
in
a
short
period.
(2)Don’t
leave
the
water
running(run)
while
you
brush
your
teeth.
(3)Mother
has
the
little
girl
play(play)
the
piano
this
afternoon.
(4)He
needed
to
have
some
paperwork
delivered(deliver)
across
the
country
the
next
day.
3.
动词-ing形式在with复合结构中的使用。
在with复合结构中,
现在分词充当宾语补足语,
表示动作“正在进行”。
Singing
You
don’t
know
love,
Fa
Hai,
she
threw
the
tortoise
into
the
river,
with
tears
filling
her
eyes.
她唱着《法海你不懂爱》,
把那只乌龟扔进了河里,
眼里满是泪水。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Does
Kilimanjaro
deserve
its
reputation
as
a
crowded
mountain
with
lines
of
tourists
ruining
the
atmosphere
of
peace?
乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山,
成群的游客一直破坏它宁静的气氛,
它还值得(享有)它的声誉吗?
在with的复合结构中,
也可以使用过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语。
All
the
afternoon
he
worked
with
the
door
locked.
整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
I
can’t
go
out
with
all
these
clothes
to
wash.
要洗这些衣服,
我无法出去了。
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
(1)I
love
my
school
with
students
working
(work)hard
to
realize
their
dreams
and
teachers
helping
(help)
us
like
our
parents.
?
(2)(2019·江苏高考)China’s
image
is
improving
steadily,
with
more
countries
recognizing(recognize)
its
role
in
international
affairs.
(3)With
Christmas
approaching(approach),
a
Christmas
party
will
be
held
in
the
school.
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语,
修饰动词,
在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;
作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。
Swallowing
Little
Red
Hat,
the
wolf
went
to
bed
and
slept.
大灰狼吞下了小红帽,
然后上床睡觉了。(时间状语)
I
feel
proud
knowing
your
interest
in
Chinese
history.
得知你对中国历史感兴趣我很高兴。(原因状语)
1.
动词-ing形式表示时间。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Hearing
these
stories,
I’m
skeptical
about
the
place.
(=
When
I
heard
these
stories.
.
.
)
当我听到这些故事的时候,
我对这个地方有点怀疑。
2.
动词-ing形式表示原因。
Not
knowing
his
address,
I
can’t
send
this
book
to
him.
(=
As
I
don’t
know
his
address.
.
.
)
因为不知道他的地址,
我不能把这本书寄给他。
3.
动词-ing形式表示结果。
His
father
died,
leaving
him
a
lot
of
money.
(=.
.
.
and
left
him
a
lot
of
money)
他父亲死了,
留给他许多钱。
4.
动词-ing形式表示条件。
Going
straight
down
the
road,
you
will
find
the
department
store.
(=
If
you
go
straight
down
the
road.
.
.
)
顺着这条路一直走,
你就会发现那家百货商店。
5.
动词-ing形式表示让步。
Being
tired,
they
went
on
working.
(Although
they
were
tired.
.
.
)
尽管很累了,
可他们继续工作。
6.
动词-ing形式表示行为方式、伴随或补充说明。
He
lay
on
the
grass,
staring
at
the
sky
for
a
long
time.
(=.
.
.
and
stared
at
the
sky
for
a
long
time)
他躺在草地上,
长时间地望着天空。
非谓语动词作状语时,
如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致,
动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语,
通常由名词或代词来担任,
这就是独立主格结构。
The
last
bus
having
gone,
we
had
to
walk
home.
末班车已经开走了,
我们不得不走回家。(having
gone的逻辑主语是the
last
bus,
而不是we)
Weather
permitting,
the
football
match
will
be
played
on
Friday.
天气允许的话,
足球赛将在周五举行。(permitting的逻辑主语是weather,
而不是the
football
match)
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
(1)Having
finished(finish)
his
homework,
he
was
playing
on
the
playground.
?
(2)Studying(study)
hard,
you
are
sure
to
get
first
prize.
(3)People
use
plastic
in
their
daily
life,
leaving(leave)
large
amounts
of
waste.
(4)Working(work)
hard
at
your
lessons,
you
are
to
succeed.
(5)The
old
man,
having
worked(work)
abroad
for
twenty
years,
is
on
the
way
back
to
his
motherland.
?
PAGEUnit
2 Morals
and
Virtues
单元脉图·素养导引
Listening,
Speaking
&
Talking
聆听经典·话题热身
“以牙还牙”“一报还一报”,
在英语中对应的表达是“To
meet
violence
with
violence”“To
answer
blows
with
blows”或者“To
give
tit
for
tat”。世界总会有它的阴暗面,
当我们看到或者不幸经历时,
不应该被仇恨和怨气蒙蔽了心智。Two
wrongs
don’t
make
a
right.
有时候,
用善良去净化,
用爱去改造,
用美德去感化也许是更好的选择。?
注:
听音填空
Kill’em
With
Kindness
The
world
can
be
a
nasty
place
You
know
it,
I
know
it,
yeah
We
don’t
have
to
fall
from
grace
Put
down
the
weapons
you
①fight
with?
Kill’em
with
kindness
Kill’em
with
kindness
Kill’em,
kill’em,
kill’em
with
kindness
Kill’em
with
kindness
Kill’em
with
kindness
Go
ahead,
go
ahead,
go
ahead
now
We’re
running
②out
of
time?
Chasing
our
lies
Every
day
a
small
piece
of
you
dies
Always
somebody
You’re
willing
to
fight,
③to
be
right?
Your
lies
are
bullets
Your
mouth’s
a
gun
And
no
war
and
anger
Was
ever
won
Put
out
the
fire
before
igniting
Next
time
you’re
fighting
Kill’em
with
kindness
Kill’em
with
kindness
Kill’em,
kill’em,
kill’em
with
kindness
Kill’em
with
kindness
Kill’em
with
kindness
Go
ahead,
go
ahead,
go
ahead
now
Go
ahead,
go
ahead
now
Go
ahead,
go
ahead
now
Your
lies
are
bullets
Your
mouth’s
a
gun
No
war
④and
anger?
1.
nasty
/?n?sti/
adj.
令人不快的;
严重的
2.
grace
/ɡreIs/
n.
优美;
优雅
3.
bullet
/?b?l?t/
n.
子弹
4.
ignite
/?ɡ?na?t/
vi.
着火;
燃烧
译文:
以德服人
这个世界可以很可恶
你知道,
我知道,
是的
我们并不用丧失理智
放下你进攻用的武器
用善良打败他们
用善良打败他们
用善良打败、打败、打败他们
用善良打败他们
用善良打败他们
行动啊,
行动啊,
现在就行动
我们耗尽时间
用来追逐我们的谎言
生命因此在日渐枯竭
总有一些人
为了正义,
你们愿意战争
你的谎言是子弹
你的嘴是枪
然而没有什么战争和怒火
会取得胜利
在爆发之前把火扑灭
下一次你攻击的时候
用善良打败他们
用善良打败他们
用善良打败、打败、打败他们
用善良打败他们
用善良打败他们
行动啊,
行动啊,
现在就行动
行动啊,
现在就行动
行动啊,
现在就行动
你的谎言是子弹
你的嘴是枪
然而没有什么战争和怒火
会取得胜利
听说训练·话题实践
Activity
1 Listening
and
Speaking?
Talk
about
moral
dilemmas
主题情境交流
两个人正在谈论帮助老人去医院之事,
请根据语境和汉语提示完成对话。
W:
Bill,
here
is
a
letter
of
thanks
for
you.
Can
you
tell
me
who
wrote
the
letter?
M:
Oh,
it
is
from
Mr
Black.
He’s
an
old
man
living
near
the
post
office.
W:
1.
What
help
did
you
give
him(你给了他什么帮助)?
?
M:
I
only
took
him
to
the
hospital.
W:
Why
did
you
take
him
to
the
hospital?
2.
What
happened
to
him(他发生什么事了)?
?
M:
Well,
do
you
remember
the
day
I
was
almost
two
hours
late
for
school?
W:
Yes.
Why?
M:
He
3.
got
fainted(昏倒).
I
had
to
take
Mr
Black
to
the
hospital.
You
see,
every
morning
before
I
go
to
school
I
go
to
the
post
office
to
pick
up
some
newspapers
and
4.
put
them
in
the
letterboxes(把它们放进邮箱)of
the
people
who
live
nearby.
?
W:
Yes,
I
see.
M:
That
morning
when
I
had
delivered
the
last
copy
and
was
about
to
leave
for
school,
I
heard
someone
falling
down
the
stairs.
It
was
Mr
Black.
I
yelled
for
help,
5.
but
nobody
responded(但没有人回应).
So
I
called
the
police
and
we
took
Mr
Black
to
the
hospital.
?
W:
He
was
lucky.
M:
That’s
right.
But
that
day
I
had
to
stay
behind
after
school
to
study
my
lessons.
Pronunciation
升调
升调(Rising
Intonation)是我们在进行语言表达时,
句子的最后一个实词的重读音节上升的语调。这取决于我们说话时的语气,
或试图用语调表达的情感或态度。升调常用于一般疑问句、选择性疑问句、肯定或否定的回答、反意疑问句以及某些陈述句等句式中。常见用法如下:
1.
一般疑问句提问时使用:
表示等待回答者确认或者表示礼貌。
Is
it
your↗book?
Could
you↗help
me?
2.
选择性疑问句,
先升调,
再降调:
表示等待回答者确认。
Would
you
like↗juice
or
↘milk?
3.
Yes/No回答时使用:
表示等待提问者继续阐述他想谈论的话题。
—You
know
Tom?
—↗Yes.
4.
反意疑问句句末使用:
表示对所说的内容不确定。
You
don’t
like
swimming,
↗do
you?
5.
陈述句句中使用:
表示尚未结束,
向另一个人发出信号,
请您等待。(一般情况下陈述句使用降调)
The
project
was
↘difficult.
The
project
was↗difficult,
but
we
finished
it
on
time.
1.
听录音标注出句中的升调
①Could
you
come
Monday,
Tuesday,
or
Wednesday?
②Which
country
would
you
like
to
go
to,
England,
Canada,
or
America?
③They
went
to
the
library,
didn’t
they?
④Help
yourself,
please.
⑤Do
you
go
there
by
bike
or
by
train?
⑥Am
I
going
to
have
a
birthday
party?
答案:
①Could
you
come
↗Monday,
↗Tuesday,
or
Wednesday?
②Which
country
would
you
like
to
go
to,
↗England,
↗Canada,
or
America?
③They
went
to
the
library,
↗didn’t
they?
④Help
↗yourself,
please.
⑤Do
you
go
there
by
↗bike
or
by
train?
⑥Am
I
going
to
have
a
birthday
↗party?
2.
听录音选出下列选项中为升调的句子
①When’s
Women
‘s
day?
②Can
I
try
it?
③Here
you
are.
④What’s
your
favorite
season?
答案:
②③
Activity
2 Listening
and
Talking?
Talk
about
the
importance
of
kindness
Ⅰ.
话题词汇
1.
be
willing
to
help
others
乐于助人
2.
be
generous
慷慨大方
3.
offer
to
take
on
responsibility
主动承担责任
4.
devote
yourself
to
serving
the
people
致力于服务人民
5.
hardworking
and
kind
勤劳善良
6.
look
after
the
old
照料老人
7.
love
our
homeland
热爱祖国
8.
respect
our
parents
and
teachers
尊重父母师长
9.
be
honest
and
friendly
诚实友好
10.
serve
as
a
volunteer
担任志愿者
Ⅱ.
话题句式
1.
I
feel
greatly
honored
to
be
devoted
to
serving
the
people.
致力于为人民服务使我感到很荣幸。
2.
It’s
our
duty
to
love
and
protect
our
homeland.
热爱并保护我们的祖国是我们的责任。
3.
We
are
supposed
to
respect
our
parents
and
teachers.
我们应该尊重父母师长。
4.
Being
honest
and
friendly
is
of
great
importance
for
us
students.
诚实友好对于我们学生来说很重要。
5.
Being
hardworking
and
kind,
we
Chinese
will
stand
rock-firm
in
the
family
of
nations
forever.
我们勤劳善良的中华民族将会永远屹立于世界民族之林。
6.
I
believe
a
small
act
of
kindness
can
make
a
big
difference.
我相信一个小小的善举可以起到很大的作用。
Ⅲ.
情景交际
英语课上,
老师鼓励学生们探讨优秀的道德品质,
同学们踊跃发言,
请根据语境和汉语提示完成对话。
Teacher:
As
we
all
know,
we
Chinese
1.
have
many
traditional
virtues(有很多传统美德).
Next,
I
want
to
find
some
students
to
tell
us
something
about
our
virtues.
Li
Hua,
please!
?
Li
Hua:
Thanks,
Ms
Liu.
I
think
2.
one
of
the
most
important
virtues
is
honesty(最重要的美德之一是诚信).
Honesty
is
the
base
of
the
society.
?
Teacher:
Very
good.
Wang
Lei,
do
you
have
anything
to
say?
Wang
Lei:
Yes,
Ms
Liu.
In
my
opinion,
diligence
is
more
important,
because
we
Chinese
3.
are
known
for(因……而著称)
being
diligent
and
hardworking.
?
Teacher:
Good!
Anyone
else?
Han
Meimei:
Ms
Liu,
I
think
kindness
is
4.
of
great
importance
to
our
society(对我们的社会很重要).
?
PAGEUnit
2 Morals
and
Virtues
Reading
and
Thinking
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据语境写出正确的单词
1.
a
moral
dilemma
道德困境?
2.
this
precious
opportunity
这个宝贵的机会
3.
entrust
me
with
that
life
把那种生活托付给我
4.
traditional
path
of
marriage
传统的婚姻之路
5.
the
majority
of
girls
大多数女孩
6.
complain
about
the
poor
conditions
抱怨条件差
7.
respond
to
your
questions
回答你的问题
8.
to
be
hired
as
a
resident
physician
被聘为住院医师
9.
reject
my
invitation
拒绝我的邀请
10.
to
be
appointed
director
被任命为董事
11.
over
the
next
several
decades
在接下来的几十年里
12.
be
interested
in
tending
patients
对护理病人感兴趣
13.
be
scared
in
the
interview
面试时害怕
14.
the
sharp
increase
in
the
cost
成本的急剧增加
15.
energetic
and
positive
young
people
精力充沛、积极向上的年轻人
16.
replace
plastic
bags
with
paper
bags
用纸袋代替塑料袋
Ⅱ.
根据语境用恰当的介、副词填空
1.
Dr
Lin
graduated
from
Peking
Union
Medical
College.
2.
Dr
Lin
opened
a
clinic
for
people
in
need
of
help.
3.
My
teacher’s
help
carried
me
through
those
hard
days
in
senior
high
school.
4.
We
should
be
responsible
for
the
patients.
5.
People
tend
to
make
mistakes
when
they
are
tired.
6.
She
was
known
as
the
“mother
of
ten
thousand
babies”.
7.
During
the
exam,
the
student
next
to
him
fainted.
8.
You
can
entrust
Tom
with
this
matter.
9.
I
like
her,
even
though
she
can
be
annoying
at
times.
10.
An
old
farmer
spent
all
his
life
on
his
farm
in
the
country
in
the
southeast
of
England.
Ⅲ.
翻译下列课文原句,
并观察黑体部分
1.
At
age
18,
instead
of
following
the
traditional
path
of
marriage
like
the
majority
of
girls,
she
chose
to
study
medicine.
十八岁时,
她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路,
而是选择了学医。
2.
After
working
for
a
few
years,
she
was
sent
to
study
in
Europe
and
then,
in
1939,
in
the
US.
工作了几年之后,
她被派往欧洲学习,
之后于1939年又赴美学习。
3.
At
times
she
was
even
seen
riding
a
donkey
to
faraway
villages
to
provide
medical
care.
有时,
人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴去偏远的乡村给人看病。
4.
And
even
as
she
lay
dying,
her
final
thoughts
were
for
others.
“I’m
ready
to
go,
”
she
said.
临终时,
她仍在为别人着想。“我要走了,
”她说。
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1.
-ion常用于动词之后构成名词
reject
vt.
→rejection
n.
否决
collect
vt.
→collection
n.
收集
connect
vt.
→connection
n.
连接
2.
以-d结尾的动词变成-se,
成为名词
respond
v.
→response
n.
反应;
回答;
回复
defend
v.
→defense
n.
保卫
offend
v.
→offense
n.
冒犯
阅读精析·合作学习
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
2.
What
is
the
text
type
of
the
passage?
A.
Narrative
Essay(记叙文).
B.
Argumentative
Essay(议论文).
C.
Expository
Writing
(说明文).
D.
Practical
Writing
(应用文).
答案:
A
3.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
The
passage
mainly
tells
us
Lin
Qiaozhi’s
(1)contribution
to
medicine
and
her
great
(2)influence
on
society.
【寻技巧·提能力】
如何做细节题
一、细节题的正确选项有以下特征:
1.
对原句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的某些词换成意义相近的词
,
成为正确选项。
2.
词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的某些词变换一下词性,
或者改变原文句子的语态,
给考生制造障碍。
3.
语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言进行简化,
成为正确答案。
4.
正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。
二、干扰项有以下特征:
1.
将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换,
使该选项看似正确,
实际上却是错误选项。
2.
把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态,
如把将来时变成现在时,
把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。
3.
无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论,
而文中并未涉及。
4.
偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”,
所述细节确实与原文一致,
一不小心就会误选。
5.
文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别,
选项中的描述与原文完全一
致,
确属原文中的某一个细节,
这时要回到题干,
看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。 Task
2 文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)What
can
we
learn
from
the
second
paragraph?
A.
Dr
Lin
married
earlier.
B.
Her
mother
complained
about
her
learning
medicine.
C.
Her
brother
was
against
her
studying
medicine.
D.
Dr
Lin
gave
in
to
her
brother.
(2)Dr
Lin
was
really
in
the
field
of
medical
research.
?
A.
normal B.
outstanding
C.
ordinary
D.
traditional
(3)The
following
are
all
reasons
why
Dr
Lin
opened
her
own
clinic
except
.
?
A.
to
help
those
in
need
of
help
B.
to
reduce
costs
for
poor
patients
C.
to
make
some
money
to
do
other
things
D.
to
continue
her
wish
to
treat
patients
(4)What
can
we
know
about
the
life
of
Dr
Lin?
A.
She
had
babies
of
her
own.
B.
She
was
interested
in
the
positions
in
government.
C.
She
devoted
herself
to
the
patients.
D.
She
built
a
kindergarten
to
help
the
poor.
(5)Which
of
the
following
can
best
describe
Dr
Lin?
A.
Warm-hearted
and
careful.
B.
Positive
and
confident.
C.
Devoted
and
thankful.
D.
Hard-working
and
kind.
答案:
(1)～(5)CBCCD
2.
Reread
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
明线
暗线
行文结构
Para.
1
The(1)introduction
of
the
theme
inspiring
总
Para.
2
Lin
Qiaozhi’s
(2)belief
in
childhood
determined
and
hard-working
分
Paras.
3—4
Lin
Qiaozhi’s
(3)study
and
work
Para.
5
Lin
Qiaozhi
carried
forward
her
(4)career
Para.
6
Lin
Qiaozhi
was
(5)concerned
about
her
work
proud
总
3.
Long
sentence
analysis.
(1)Within
six
months,
she
(主语)was
named
(谓语)a
chief
resident
physician(主语补足语),
a
position(同位语)(that
usually
took
four
years
to
achieve.
)(定语从句)?
译文:
不到六个月,
她就成了住院主任医师,
而升任这一职位通常需要四年时间。
(2)She(主语)
greatly
impressed
(谓语)her
American
colleagues(宾语),
(who
invited
her
to
stay.
)(定语从句)?
译文:
美国同事对她印象极佳,
邀请她留下。
(3)[Though
Lin
Qiaozhi
never
married](状语从句),
she(主语)
was
known
as
(谓语)the
“mother
of
ten
thousand
babies”(主语补足语),
[having
delivered
over
50,
000
babies
in
her
lifetime.
](现在分词作结果状语)?
译文:
虽然林巧稚终身未婚,
但是她被称为“万婴之母”,
她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
Task
3 阅读思维升华:
主题实践?
1.
What
was
the
main
principle
guiding
Dr
Lin
through
the
hard
choices
in
her
life?
(Logical
thinking逻辑性思维)
People’s
trust
in
her.
?
2.
What
kind
of
person
do
you
think
Dr
Lin
was?
(Creative
Thinking创造性思维)
Dr
Lin
devoted
all
her
life
to
the
people
selflessly.
She
was
a
loyal
patriot,
a
scientist
of
the
people,
a
model
of
the
medical
profession,
a
good
daughter
of
the
Chinese
nation
and
an
outstanding
representative
of
contemporary
women.
?
3.
Lin
Qiaozhi
never
got
married
in
her
life.
What
do
you
think
of
it?
(Critical
Thinking批判性思维)
Lin
Qiaozhi
devoted
her
life
to
her
career,
which
is
worth
learning
for
us.
But
for
her
personal
life,
I
still
advocate
that
she
should
have
a
family.
After
all,
family
is
a
part
of
society.
?
要点精研·探究学习
1.
carry
sb.
through
sth.
帮助某人渡过难关
These
words
of
Dr
Lin
Qiaozhi
give
us
a
look
into
the
heart
of
this
amazing
woman,
and
what
carried
her
through
a
life
of
hard
choices.
林巧稚医生的这些话可以让我们了解这位了不起的女性的内心,
以及是什么帮助她渡过人生中的艰难选择的。
That’s
my
study
plan
for
the
summer
holidays,
and
I’ll
try
my
best
to
carry
it
out.
那就是我的暑假学习计划,
我将尽我最大的努力执行下去。
Only
when
you
are
in
good
health
can
you
carry
on
studying.
只有当你身体健康状况良好的时候你才能继续学习。
carry
through 完成;
进行到底
carry
out
执行,
实行;
贯彻;
实现
carry
on
开展;
维持;
继续
carry
forward
继承,
弘扬
用适当的介词或副词填空。
(1)The
activity
is
aimed
at
carrying
forward
the
Chinese
traditional
culture.
(2)We
should
carry
out
the
plan
strictly
and
carefully.
(3)We
hope
that
more
artists
will
carry
on
and
develop
the
folk
art.
(4)It
was
my
mother
that
carried
me
through
my
hard
time
in
middle
school.
2.
majority
n.
大部分;
大多数
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)However,
the
majority
of
people
are
effective
speakers
because
they
train
to
be.
然而,
大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者,
是因为他们受过训练。
Only
a
minority
of
people
in
that
city
do
not
have
a
car
while
the
people
taking
the
subway
to
work
are
in
the
majority.
在那个城市只有少数人没有汽车,
但是乘坐地铁上班的人却占了大多数。
(1)a/the
majority
of.
.
.
大多数……
be
in
the
majority
占大部分/大多数
(2)minority
n.
少数;
少数派/人
be
in
the
minority
占少数
the/a
majority
of+名词,
表示“大多数”,
谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致;
the
majority单独作主语时,
谓语动词用单复数均可。
The
majority
of
the
damage
is
easy
to
repair.
大部分的破损很容易修复。
(1)WeChat
is
to
the
taste
of
the
majority
of
people,
especially
the
youth.
?
微信符合大多数人的胃口,
尤其是年轻人。
(2)I
believe
that
students
supporting
me
are
in
the
majority.
?
我相信支持我的学生占多数。
(3)On
the
other
hand,
a
minority
of
students
are
opposed
to
it.
?
另一方面,
少数学生反对它。
3.
complain
vi.
&vt.
抱怨;
发牢骚
My
father
is
very
brave,
hard-working,
responsible
and
most
importantly
he
never
complains.
我的父亲非常勇敢、勤劳、负责,
最为重要的是,
他从来不抱怨。
September
is
around
the
corner,
and
some
of
us
are
already
complaining
about
summer’s
end.
九月即将来临,
我们中的一些人已经在抱怨夏季的结束了。
I
have
to
make
a
complaint
about
the
poor
quality
of
food
and
service
in
your
restaurant.
我要投诉你们餐馆里极差的食物和服务。
(1)complain
to
sb.
向某人抱怨,
发牢骚
complain
about
sth.
抱怨某事
(2)complaint
n.
投诉,
抱怨,
怨言
make
a
complaint
about
抱怨……
语法填空。
(1)He
phoned
a
newspaper
reporter
to
complain
about
the
reporter’s
story.
(2)Jane
is
my
best
friend
and
I
can
complain
to
her
when
I
am
unhappy.
(3)(2020·江苏高考)Some
people—and
I
was
one
of
them—believe
that
humorous
complaints(complain)
about
the
little
problems
of
life
make
humor.
有些人——包括我在内——认为对生活中小问题的幽默抱怨会带来幽默。
4.
respond
vt.
回答;
回复
vi.
做出反应;
回应
She
responded,
“I’d
rather
stay
single
to
study
all
my
life!
”
她回答:
“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,
也要学医!
”
With
the
help
of
his
teammate,
the
operator
responded
immediately
to
the
accident.
在他队友的帮助下,
操作员对事故立刻做出了反应。
The
retired
man
contributed
many
books
to
the
poor
children
in
response
to
my
request.
这个退休的人应我的请求而捐了许多书给贫穷的孩子们。
She
made
no
response
to
my
question,
which
made
me
very
angry.
她没有回答我的问题,
这使我非常生气。
(1)respond
to 对……做出回应或反应
(2)response
n.
回答,
答复;
反应
in
response
to
响应;
答复
make
(a)
response
to
回答,
对……做出回应
(1)语法填空。
①I
prefer
to
respond
to
e-mails
that
I
receive
right
when
I
get
to
work.
②I
am
writing
in
response(respond)
to
the
position
as
a
volunteer
advertised
on
the
Internet.
(2)We
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
respond
right
away.
?
如能即刻回复,
我们将不胜感激。
5.
appoint
vt.
任命;
委派
In
1941,
Dr
Lin
became
the
first
Chinese
woman
ever
to
be
appointed
director
of
the
OB-GYN
department
of
the
PUMC
Hospital.
1941年,
林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任。
We
appointed
him
to
be
president
of
the
club.
我们任命他为俱乐部主任。
We
are
considering
appointing
him
to
act
as
a
secretary.
我们在考虑指定他当秘书。
I
left
early
because
I
had
an
appointment
later
that
day.
因为那天晚些时候我有个约会,
就早点离开了。
(1)appoint
sb.
as/to
be
.
.
.
任命某人为……
appoint
sb.
to
do
sth.
委派某人做某事
(2)appointment
n.
任命;
约会
make
an
appointment
with
sb.
与某人约会
have
an
appointment
with
sb.
与某人有约会
keep/break
an
appointment
守/违约
(1)I
won’t
be
able
to
keep
my
appointment
to
discuss
traditional
Chinese
paintings
with
you.
?
我无法守约和你讨论中国传统绘画。
(2)It
made
sense
to
appoint
a
woman
to
deal
with
it.
?
任命一位女性处理这件事是合理的。
(3)用appoint的正确形式填空。
Whenever
you
make
appointments
with
others,
make
sure
you
have
understood
all
the
details
and
try
to
get
there
a
few
minutes
before
the
appointed
time.
6.
tend
vt.
照顾;
照料
vi.
倾向;
趋于
She
was
more
interested
in
tending
patients
and
publishing
medical
research.
她更感兴趣的是照料病人和发表医学研究。
His
views
tend
towards
the
extreme.
他的观点趋于极端。
He
tends
to
lose
his
temper
when
he
hears
bad
news.
他一听到坏消息就会发脾气。
It
is
said
that
women
tend
to
live
longer
than
men.
据说,
女人往往比男人长寿。
She
had
a
tendency
to
talk
fast
when
she
was
nervous.
她紧张时往往会说话很快。
(1)tend
to
do/be.
.
.
容易/易于/趋向……
tend
(to)
sb.
/sth.
照顾/护理/看护……
(2)tendency
n.
趋向;
倾向
have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.
倾向于做……;
喜欢做……
There
is
a
tendency
towards/to
(do)
sth.
有一种……的趋势/倾向
(1)语法填空。
①While
I
hate
to
admit
it,
people
always
tend
to
judge(judge)
a
person
by
his
or
her
appearance
initially.
?
②There
is
a
slow
tendency(tend)that
“the
beat
culture”
is
popular
with
the
youths
in
China.
(2)I’m
writing
to
express
my
sincere
thanks
to
Ms
Wang
who
tended
my
mother
in
the
hospital.
?
我写信真诚地感谢在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士。
7.
scared
adj.
害怕的;
对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
She
was
so
scared
during
the
interview
that
she
completely
forgot
how
she
should
respond
to
the
questions.
她在面试时如此害怕以至于完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
The
gun
shots
had
scared
the
dog
off.
枪声把狗吓跑了。
We
are
always
facing
the
problem
of
scaring
birds
away
from
airport
runways.
我们总是面临着如何把鸟从机场跑道吓跑的问题。
There’s
nothing
in
school
that
can
make
you
scared.
Cheer
yourself
up.
在学校里没有什么能让你害怕。鼓起勇气吧。
(1)scare
away/off 吓走,
吓跑……
be
scared
to
death
吓得要死
(2)scared
adj.
害怕的;
对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
be
scared
of
sb.
/sth.
害怕某人/某事
be
scared
to
do
sth.
不敢去做某事
(3)scary
adj.
可怕的;
恐怖的
(1)语法填空。
①When
I
had
my
first
exam,
I
failed
in
it
and
felt
so
scared
(scare)that
I
even
didn’t
want
to
go
to
school
again.
?
②She
was
scared
to
death
at
the
sight
of
a
snake.
(2)What
scares
me
most
is
that
I’m
going
to
study
in
a
strange
place.
最让我害怕的是我要去一个陌生的地方学习。?
(3)She
is
scared
of
walking
alone
at
night.
?
她害怕晚上一个人走路。
8.
replace
vt.
接替;
取代;
更换
The
student
union
will
hold
a
special
meeting
in
January
to
elect
someone
to
replace
the
secretary.
学生会将在一月份举行一次特别会议,
选举一个人来接替秘书职位。
It’s
not
a
good
idea
to
miss
meals
and
replace
them
with/by
snacks.
不吃正餐,
改吃点心,
这不是什么好主意。
Teachers
will
never
be
replaced
by
computers
in
the
classroom.
课堂上电脑永远也代替不了老师。
The
librarian
asked
me
to
replace
the
book
on
the
shelf
after
reading.
图书管理员让我看完书后把它放回书架上。
replace
A
with/by
B 用B替换A
replace
sth.
+prep.
/adv.
把某物放回原处
To
hide
a
fault
with
a
lie
is
to
replace
a
blot
by
a
hole.
用谎言掩盖错误,
等于挖一个洞除掉污渍。(这一谚语说明说谎不可取)
语法填空。
(1)Vinod
Khosla
suggests
that
we
get
rid
of
80%
of
doctors
and
replace
them
with
robots.
(2)Old
books
are
like
old
friends.
Once
lost,
they
can
never
be
replaced(replace).
?
9.
To
a
person
nothing
is
more
precious
than
their
life,
and
if
they
entrust
me
with
that
life,
how
could
I
refuse
that
trust,
saying
I’m
cold,
hungry,
or
tired?
?
对一个人来说,
没有什么比生命更珍贵,
如果他们把生命托付给我,
我怎么能拒绝这种信任,
说我又冷又饿又累?
【句式解构】
本句中使用了“否定词+谓语动词+比较级”表示最高级的用法。这种结构中的常用否定词还有no,
not,
never,
nobody,
hardly,
seldom等。
I
have
never
seen
a
better
film.
我没看过比这部更好的电影。
No
one
can
be
more
careful
than
she
is.
没有人比她更细心。
—How
did
your
interview
go?
——你的面试如何?
—I
couldn’t
feel
better
about
it!
——我对那次面试的感觉再好不过了!
【知识延伸】表示最高级意义的常用表达法:
①否定词+形容词/副词比较级+than
②否定词+so/as+形容词/副词原级+as
Nothing
is
easier
than
this.
这是最容易的事。
(1)I
have
never
read
a
better
book
than
this.
?
我从未读过这么好的书。
(2)I
can
tell
you
that
there
is
nothing
better
than
being
praised
by
my
teacher
before
my
classmates.
?
我可以告诉你在同学面前被老师赞扬是最好的事了。
(3)一句多译。
→They
think
nothing
is
more
enjoyable
than
reading
books
in
the
original.
(用比较级)?
→They
think
reading
books
in
the
original
is
the
most
enjoyable
thing.
(用最高级)他们认为读原版书是最快乐的事。?
10.
She
immediately
became
the
first
woman
ever
to
be
hired
as
a
resident
physician
in
the
OB-GYN
department
of
the
PUMC
Hospital.
她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。?
【句式解构】
句中不定式to
be
hired作定语,
修饰the
first
woman,
与the
first
woman之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。当被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,
常用不定式作后置定语。
It
was
the
first
play
to
win
all
three
of
these
major
awards.
它是赢得所有这三项大奖的第一部戏剧。
【知识延伸】英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要还有:
(1)被修饰词前有the
only,
the
very,
the
next等词时。
The
next
thing
to
do
is
to
relax
yourself
completely.
下一步要做的事情是完全放松你自己。
(2)抽象名词time,
way,
ability,
reason,
chance,
courage,
opportunity等后常用不定式作定语。
I
had
a
chance
to
visit
the
Great
Wall
last
month.
上个月我有幸游览了长城。
(3)不定代词something,
nothing,
little等后常用不定式作定语。
I
have
something
important
to
tell
you.
我有要事相告。
(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,
不定式后面就要有必要的介词。
(2)如果不定式所表示的动作不是由主语发出,
则不定式应使用被动语态。
She
has
only
a
little
room
to
live
in.
她只有一个小房间居住。
I
am
going
to
Beijing
next
week.
Do
you
have
anything
to
be
taken
to
your
son?
我下周打算去北京。你有东西带给你儿子吗?
(1)语法填空。
①For
a
student,
studying
is
the
first
thing
to
be
considered(consider)while
appearance
is
the
second.
?
②Lincoln
was
the
first
president
to
pass(pass)
laws
to
stop
slavery.
?
(2)一句多译。
→She
is
always
the
first
to
answer
questions.
(用不定式作定语)?
→She
is
always
the
first
who
answers
questions.
(定语从句)?
她总是第一个回答问题。
【要点拾遗】
1.
dilemma
n.
进退两难的境地;
困境
A
moral
dilemma
is
a
situation
in
which
you
have
two
or
more
difficult
choices
to
make.
道德困境就是你有两个甚至更多艰难选择的处境。
Which
choice
to
take
will
possibly
put
some
people
into
a
dilemma.
该做出哪一个选择很可能使一些人陷于困境中。
She
was
in
a
dilemma
as
to
whether
to
stay
at
school
or
get
a
job.
她进退两难,
不知该留在学校读书还是找份工作。
put
sb.
into
a
dilemma 使某人陷入困境
in
a
dilemma
处于困境中
(1)It
is
beneficial
to
some
people,
while
it
puts
others
into
a
dilemma
over
whether
to
vote
or
not.
?
它对某些人有益处,
但会使其他人就是否投票陷入困境。
(2)I
am
caught
in
a
dilemma
when
choosing
a
major
for
myself.
?
当为我自己选择一个专业的时候我陷于困境之中。
(3)He
is
facing
the
dilemma
of
whether
or
not
to
return
to
his
country.
他正面临着要不要回国的两难境地。?
2.
reject
vt.
拒绝接受;
不录用
Dr
Lin,
however,
rejected
the
offer.
但是,
林医生谢绝了邀请。
They
rejected
his
application
for
membership.
他们拒绝了他的入会申请。
My
teacher
rejected
my
excuse
for
being
late.
我的老师不肯相信我的迟到理由。
I
applied
but
they
rejected
me.
我申请了,
但他们没录用我。
【易混辨析】reject,
refuse
reject
常用于正式场合,
后面常接名词,
不接不定式
refuse
普通用词,
后接双宾语、名词或不定式,
不接不定式的复合宾语和宾语从句
选词填空
refuse,
reject
(1)He
kept
silent
and
refused
to
go
to
a
clinic.
(2)I
have
been
rejected
by
all
the
universities
I
applied
to.
3.
elect
vt.
选举,
推选
In
1954,
she
was
elected
to
the
first
National
People’s
Congress.
在1954年,
她被选举参加第一届全国人民代表大会。
Owing
to
his
great
work,
Mandela
was
elected(as/to
be)
President
of
South
Africa.
由于他的伟大工作,
曼德拉被选举为南非总统。
(1)elect
sb.
to
be/as.
.
.
选举某人为……
elect
to
do
sth.
选择做某事
(2)election
n.
选举;
推选;
当选
(1)语法填空。
①All
the
students
who
want
to
enter
for
the
election
(elect)will
give
a
self-introduction.
②The
artist
must
elect
to
fight(fight)for
freedom
or
slavery.
?
(2)He
was
elected
(as)(被选为)a
civilian
leader
of
the
country
last
year.
?
4.
At
times
she
was
even
seen
riding
a
donkey
to
faraway
villages
to
provide
medical
care.
有时候,
甚至有人看到她骑着毛驴到偏远村庄提供医疗救治。?
【句式解构】
本句是一个简单句。句中含有一个感官动词的复合结构,
riding
a
donkey为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。
All
of
a
sudden
I
noticed
a
foreign
woman
coming
hurriedly
and
shouting
in
English,
“
Help!
”
突然,
我看到一名外国女士匆忙跑过来,
并用英语大声喊着“救命!
”
I
was
delighted
to
see
you
win
the
first
prize.
我很高兴看到你获得了一等奖。
感官动词的复合结构,
也就是后跟宾语+宾语补足语。宾语补足语有三种形式:
现在分词、省略to的不定式和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行;
省略to的不定式表示已经完成,
或者是经常发生;
过去分词表示被动。
语法填空。
(1)She
was
amazed
to
see
her
childhood
friend
standing(stand)
in
front
of
her.
(2)Firemen
were
called
out
to
rescue
a
man
trapped(trap)
in
the
river.
(3)His
parents
always
see
him
staying(stay)up
late
studying.
5.
The
new
People’s
Republic
of
China
saw
Dr
Lin
Qiaozhi
playing
a
key
role.
?
新中国成立见证了林巧稚医生发挥的重要作用。
【句式解构】
句中see在此处的主语为物,
意为“见证;
目睹”,
是一种拟人的用法,
可使语言变得生动。see,
find等动词表示在某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事,
可以使用一个无生命的名词作主语。
The
stone
bridge
saw
many
changes
of
this
city.
这座石桥见证了这个城市的诸多变化。
The
past
30
years
have
seen
the
great
changes
that
have
taken
place
in
my
hometown.
过去30年我的家乡发生了很大变化。
The
dusk
found
a
little
girl
crying
in
the
street.
黄昏时,
一个小女孩在街上哭泣。
Four
eyes
see
more
than
two.
集思广益。(这一贴切的比喻启示我们多合作。)
(1)The
city
has
seen
many
changes.
?
城市历经了许多变化。
(2)They
came
to
the
corner
which
had
seen
many
accidents.
?
他们来到了那个发生过许多次事故的拐角处。
(3)The
year
1949
saw
the
founding
of
the
People’s
Republic
of
China.
?
1949年是中华人民共和国成立的一年。
拓视野·观天下
1.
Since
it
took
months
to
appropriately
respond
to
the
H1N1
outbreak,
the
virus
spread
to
more
than
200
countries
and
regions
claiming
thousands
of
lives.
由于花了几个月的时间才对H1N1病毒的爆发做出适当的反应,
病毒传播到200多个国家和地区,
夺走了数千人的生命。
2.
We
should
note
that
whenever
there
is
a
health
scare,
the
city
closes
its
live
poultry
slaughtering
locations
and
trading,
and
this
often
has
a
serious
indirect
effect
on
the
city’s
supply.
值得注意的是,
一旦出现健康危机,
这个城市便会关闭活家禽的屠宰地点和贸易,
而这往往会对本市的(活家禽)供应造成严重的间接影响。
3.
They
are
building
industry
support
to
set
up
their
own
virtual
film
festival
and
market
to
replace
the
prestigious
and
influential
Cannes
Film
Festival
and
Market.
他们正在建设行业支持,
来建立自己的虚拟电影节和市场,
以取代久负盛名和有影响力的戛纳电影节和市场。
PAGEUnit
2 Morals
and
Virtues
Reading
for
Writing
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1.
His
wife
had
been
in
an
accident(事故).
2.
During
the
operation(手术),
she
sat
in
the
waiting
room
for
over
an
hour.
3.
I
saw
her
whispering(低语)
something
in
her
ear.
4.
The
child
lay
on
her
mother’s
lap(大腿部),
smiling
sweetly.
5.
What
do
you
think
this
fable(寓言)
is
trying
to
tell
us?
6.
Then
he
hid
behind
a
huge
maple(枫树)tree
and
watched.
7.
Early
one
morning,
the
king
disguised(伪装)
himself
and
went
to
a
local
village.
8.
The
first
person
down
the
street
was
a
milkman
with
his
cart(手推车).
9.
He
crashed
into
the
stone,
spilling(洒出)the
milk
everywhere.
10.
The
girl
pushed
the
stone
with
all
her
might(力量).
Ⅱ.
根据提示用恰当的短语填空
1.
Supposing
that
you
are
right,
we’ll
make
a
great
deal
of
(许多)money
from
the
project.
?
2.
He
picked
himself
up(爬起)from
the
floor
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
3.
It
was
a
warm
evening
in
the
middle
of
(在……中间)August,
but
it
was
raining
heavily
outside.
?
4.
The
king
was
in
despair(处于绝望中)because
no
one
made
an
attempt
to
move
the
stone.
?
5.
She
was
in
tears
(含着泪)when
she
saw
her
daughter
whom
she
had
lost
for
ten
years.
?
6.
Every
night,
my
landlady
keeps
complaining
about(抱怨)the
noise.
?
7.
One
woman
tripped
over
(被……绊倒)the
stone
and
her
water
pot
went
crashing
to
the
ground.
?
8.
He
ran
after
the
thief
with
all
his
might(竭尽全力).
?
9.
My
English
teacher
always
assists
me
with(在……方面帮助)
my
English
study.
10.
A
great
assembly
was
held
in
memory
of(作为对……的纪念)
the
70th
birthday
of
our
country.
?
Ⅲ.
根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1.
After
a
while,
a
group
of
women
came
along,
each
balancing
a
pot
of
water
(每人都顶着一壶水)on
her
head.
?
2.
Neither
she
nor
her
friends(她和她的朋友们都没有)
thought
about
moving
the
stone
out
of
the
road.
?
3.
Just
then,
the
king
saw
a
young
girl
coming
along(过来了).
?
4.
After
a
great
deal
of
effort,
she
finally
succeeded
in
moving
it
(成功移走它)to
the
side
of
the
street.
?
5.
If
not(如果不的话),
we
surely
must
find
the
owner,
for
he
will
certainly
miss
it.
?
读写结合·表达升级
如何写道德寓言故事的评论
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
1.
What
does
the
fable
tell
us?
It
tells
us
not
to
complain
about
the
problems
we
meet,
but
to
solve
them
positively.
?
2.
How
many
parts
can
the
fable
be
divided
into,
and
what
are
they?
The
fable
can
be
divided
into
two
parts.
Part
1→Paragraph
1?
Part
2→from
Paragraph
2
to
Paragraph
9?
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
特色表达?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)Which
of
the
following
is
true?
A.
The
king
wanted
to
play
a
joke
on
others.
B.
The
group
of
women
moved
the
stone
together.
C.
The
girl
had
great
difficulty
moving
the
stone.
D.
The
milkman
knew
who
put
the
stone
there.
(2)What
can
you
infer
from
the
fable?
A.
The
king
regretted
for
what
he
dad
done.
B.
The
girl
and
the
king
found
the
owner
of
the
coins.
C.
The
girl
wasn’t
surprised
about
the
coins.
D.
The
king
achieved
his
goal
at
last.
(3)What’s
the
right
order
of
the
fable?
①The
king
placed
a
stone
in
the
road.
②A
group
of
women
passed
it.
③A
girl
saw
and
moved
away
the
stone.
④A
milkman
crashed
into
the
stone.
A.
①②③④
B.
①④②③
C.
①②④③
D.
④①②③
答案:
(1)～(3)CDB
2.
Write
down
useful
sentences
for
opinion
about
a
moral
story.
(1)We
are
always
finding
new
beauties
in
this
story.
?
(2)The
story
told
that
a
couple
adopted
a
flexible
way
to
bring
up
their
son.
?
(3)What
we
can
learn
from
it
is
that
we
should
be
kind
and
willing
to
help
others.
?
(4)The
story
is
well
worth
reading,
as
it
carried
the
main
idea
that
justice
can
always
beat
evil.
?
(5)We
do
not
like
the
result
of
this
story,
in
which
only
some
emperors
can
survive
not
common
people.
?
假如你是李华,
请你给学校英语校报写一篇关于《孔融让梨》的英文评论。包括以下内容:
1.
故事梗概;
2.
内容分析;
3.
个人观点。
注意:
1.
词数80个左右;
2.
可以适当增加细节,
以使行文连贯。
遣词造句
完成句子
1.
孔融让梨是一个关于美德的故事。
“Kong
Rong
Gives
up
the
Biggest
Pear”
is
a
story
of
virtue.
?
2.
孔融四岁时,
他就按长幼次序来分梨。
When
Kong
Rong
was
four
years
old,
he
could
divide
the
pears
according
to
the
order
of
age.
?
3.
每个人都分到了自己应得的一份,
唯独给自己的那一个是最小的。
Everyone
gets
his
share,
but
the
one
which
is
given
to
himself
is
the
least.
?
4.
他说尊敬老人、敬重长辈是做人的道理。
He
said
respecting
for
the
elderly
and
the
elders
is
the
principle
of
life.
?
5.
作者想告诉我们要学会尊敬老人,
懂得尊重,
不要自私自利。
The
author
wants
to
tell
us
to
learn
to
respect
for
the
elderly,
know
how
to
respect,
not
to
be
selfish.
?
6.
故事简短,
脉络清晰。
The
story
is
short
and
the
thread
is
clear.
?
7.
它很好地起到了教育世人的目的。
It
serves
its
purpose
of
educating
the
world
well.
?
8.
我喜欢这个故事。我想向读者推荐这个故事。
I
like
this
story.
I
would
like
to
recommend
this
story
to
the
readers.
?
句式升级
9.
用过去分词改写句3。
Everyone
gets
his
share,
but
the
one
given
to
himself
is
the
least.
?
10.
用and连接句6和句7。
The
story
is
short
and
the
thread
is
clear,
and
it
serves
its
purpose
of
educating
the
world
well.
?
11.
用so.
.
.
that改写句8。
I
like
this
story
so
much
that
I
would
like
to
recommend
this
story
to
the
readers.
?
完美成篇
“Kong
Rong
Gives
up
the
Biggest
Pear”
is
a
story
of
virtue.
When
Kong
Rong
was
four
years
old,
he
could
divide
the
pears
according
to
the
order
of
age.
Everyone
gets
his
share,
but
the
one
given
to
himself
is
the
least.
He
said
respecting
for
the
elderly
and
the
elders
is
the
principle
of
life.
The
author
wants
to
tell
us
to
learn
to
respect
for
the
elderly,
know
how
to
respect,
not
to
be
selfish.
The
story
is
short
and
the
thread
is
clear,
and
it
serves
its
purpose
of
educating
the
world
well.
I
like
this
story
so
much
that
I
would
like
to
recommend
this
story
to
the
readers.
【话题拓展】
1.
话题特点
本单元的写作任务是寓言故事评论。寓言是文学作品的一种体裁,
以比喻性的故事寄寓意味深长的道理。该类作文以评论为主,
主要通过对故事内容折射出的寓意作点评,
使读者领悟其中的内涵以达到受教育的目的。写作时要力求语言简练、内容概括全面、寓意表达清晰。
2.
话题词汇
(1)passage
文章
(2)comment
评价
(3)recommend
推荐
(4)highlight
强调
(5)theme
主题
(6)lesson
教训
(7)principle
道理,
原则
(8)be
recognised
被认可
(9)learn
from
从……中学到
3.
话题句式
(1)This
is
a
fable
about
how
neighbors
get
along.
这是一则关于邻里之间如何相处的寓言故事。
(2)It
is
known
to
us
all
that
this
novel
has
a
great
influence
on
the
development
of
Chinese
literature.
众所周知,
这部小说对中国文学的发展有很大影响。
(3)It
is
recognised
that
kindness
and
diligence
are
both
traditional
virtues
of
Chinese
people.
公认的是,
善良和勤劳都是中国人民的传统美德。
(4)It
tells
us
a
principle
that
we
should
strengthen
people’s
awareness
of
social
responsibility.
它告诉我们一个道理:
我们应该增强人们的社会责任意识。
(5)I
strongly
hope
that
you
can
have
a
try
and
it
won’t
disappoint
you.
我强烈希望你能试一试(读一读),
它不会让你失望。
要点精研·探究学习
1.
whisper
vi.
&vt.
悄声说;
耳语;
低语
n.
耳语(声);
低语(声);
传言;
谣传
What
are
you
two
whispering
about
over
there?
你们两人在那边嘀咕什么?
They
sat
at
the
back
of
the
room
at
midnight,
talking
in
whispers.
半夜,
他们坐在房间的后面低声谈话。
It
was
whispered
that
our
headteacher
would
get
a
promotion.
有人私下说我们的班主任老师要高升了。
whisper
to
sb.
对某人耳语
in
a
whisper=in
whispers=in
a
low
voice
耳语地;
低声地
whisper
sth.
in
one’s
ear
在某人耳旁小声说某事
It
is/was
whispered
that.
.
.
据秘密传闻……
【巧学助记】语境串记whisper
I
saw
Jenny
and
Helen
talking
to
each
other
in
a
whisper/in
whispers.
Suddenly
Jenny
leaned
over
and
whispered
something
in
Helen’s
ear.
I
wanted
to
know
what
they
were
whispering
about.
Then
I
whispered
to
Mary
that
I
would
sneak
close
to
find
it
out.
我看到珍妮和海伦在低声谈话。突然,
珍妮探身在海伦耳边说了点儿什么。我很好奇她们在嘀咕些什么。于是我小声对玛丽说,
我要偷偷地走过去弄清楚。
语法填空。
(1)“You
can
come
if
you
like.
”
he
said
in
a
whisper.
(2)When
I
came
in,
I
found
two
students
whispering(whisper)to
each
other.
(3)He
whispered
“thank
you”
to
Paul
for
permitting
him
to
be
a
part
of
the
project.
?
对于允许他成为这个项目的一分子,
他悄悄地对保罗说了声“谢谢”。
2.
assist
vt.
帮助;
援助
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)We
really
should
do
something
to
assist
them.
我们确实应该做些事情来帮助他们。
I
am
willing
to
assist
you
with
your
Mandarin.
=I
am
willing
to
assist
you
to
learn
your
Mandarin.
=I
am
willing
to
assist
you
in
learning
your
Mandarin.
我乐意帮助你学习普通话。
The
charity
aims
to
provide
scholarship
assistance
to
people
in
need.
这个慈善组织旨在为那些处于困难中的人提供奖学金帮助。
(2)assistance
n.
援助;
帮助
come
to
one’s
assistance
帮助某人
(3)assistant
n.
助手;
助理;
售货员
(1)语法填空。
①Please
feel
free
to
ask
if
I
am
of
further
assistance(assist).
②Now
I’m
writing
to
apply
for
a
position
working
as
a
teaching
assistant(assist)in
your
school.
③It’s
very
kind
of
you
to
assist
the
poor
with
money.
(2)The
competition
is
intended
to
assist
students
in
developing/getting
into
healthy
eating
habits.
?
这场比赛旨在帮助学生养成健康的饮食习惯。
3.
disguise
vt.
装扮;
假扮;
掩盖
n.
伪装;
化装用具
Her
happy
smile
was
only
a
disguise
for
her
sadness.
她喜悦的微笑仅仅是为了掩饰她的忧伤。
They
got
in
the
building
in
disguise
as
security
guards.
他们装扮成保安人员混进了大楼。
in
disguise 化了装地;
乔装改扮地
there’s
no
disguising
the
fact
that
……是掩盖不了的事实
A
blessing
in
disguise.
因祸得福。(这一成语说明祸福相连)
(1)I
thought
you
were
a
policeman
in
disguise
.
?
我以为你是一个便衣警察。
(2)There’s
no
disguising
the
fact
that
these
are
difficult
times
economically.
?
现在是经济困难时期,
这是无法掩盖的事实。
(3)
She
disguised
herself
as
a
man
so
she
could
fight
on
the
battlefield.
?
她女扮男装,
这样她就能上战场了。
4.
harm
n.
&
vt.
伤害;
损害
Keep
away
from
such
things
as
you
think
will
do
you
harm.
远离你认为对你有伤害的这样的事情。
As
is
known
to
all,
playing
games
online
does
harm
to
the
younger
generation.
众所周知,
网上打游戏给年轻一代带来很多坏处。
There
is
no
harm
in
saying
sorry
to
her
first.
对她先说对不起也无害。
Too
much
noise
is
harmful
to
pregnant
women.
太多的噪音对孕妇有害。
(1)do
harm
to
sb.
/sth.
=do
sb.
/sth.
harm
对某人/某物有害
There
is
no
harm
in
doing
sth.
做某事无害
(2)harmful
adj.
有害的
be
harmful
to
对……有害
harmless
adj.
无害的
Harm
watch,
harm
catch.
害人反害己。(这一成语提醒人们不要存害人之心)
语法填空。
(1)Eating
and
drinking
too
much
and
so
on
will
surely
do
harm
to
their
health.
(2)The
air
pollution
is
very
serious,
so
taking
outdoor
exercise
may
be
harmful(harm)
to
our
health.
(3)I
think
this
kind
of
behaviour
is
normal
and
harmless(harm).
(4)As
parents,
they
have
responsibility
to
make
sure
we
won’t
be
harmed(harm).
?
5.
After
a
while,
a
group
of
women
came
along,
each
balancing
a
pot
of
water
on
her
head.
?
过了一会儿,
一群女人走了过来,
每人头上顶着一壶水。
【句式解构】
本句是一个简单句。句中each
balancing
a
pot
of
water
on
her
head为独立主格结构:
名词/代词+doing。
A
lot
of
people
start
travelling
around,
their
footprints
covering
almost
every
corner
of
the
world.
很多人开始环游世界,
他们的足迹遍及世界的各个角落。
All
our
savings
gone,
we
started
looking
for
jobs.
我们的积蓄全部用完了,
我们开始找工作。
独立主格结构
独立主格结构由两部分组成,
前一部分是名词或者代词,
后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。
Steven
walked
slowly
to
the
bus,
his
head
down,
tears
in
his
eyes.
史蒂文慢慢地走向公交车,
低着头,
眼中满含泪水。
The
work
done,
we
went
home.
工作完成后,
我们就回家了。
(1)Weather
permitting,
the
sports
meeting
will
be
held
next
Saturday
morning.
?
如果天气允许的话,
运动会将在下周六早晨举行。
(2)The
workers
worked
still
harder,
their
living
conditions
greatly
improved.
?
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,
他们工作更起劲了。
(3)The
girl
staring
at
him,
he
didn’t
know
what
to
say.
?
那个姑娘望着他,
他不知道说什么好。
【要点拾遗】
1.
memory
n.
记忆力;
回忆
No
memory
is
more
painful
than
that
of
my
primary
school.
我小学的记忆最为痛苦了。
(2019·江苏高考)He
was
losing
his
memory.
他逐渐失去了记忆。
Legend
holds
that
this
festival
is
in
memory
of
Qu
Yuan,
a
great
poet
during
the
Warring
States
Period.
传说这个节日是为了纪念战国时期的一位伟大诗人——屈原。
To
make
the
trip
memorable,
knowing
some
famous
attractions
ahead
of
time
is
necessary.
为了使这场旅行成为一次难以忘怀的经历,
提前了解一些著名的景点是有必要的。
(1)in
memory
of 作为对……的纪念
(2)memorable
adj.
值得纪念的;
值得回忆的
(1)语法填空。
①Before
their
departure,
we
took
a
group
picture
in
memory
of
this
rewarding
activity.
②Visiting
strange
places
and
reading
good
books
will
make
your
winter
vacation
a
memorable(memory)experience.
(2)The
photos
bring
back
lots
of
good
memories.
?
这些照片唤起了许多美好的回忆。
2.
tear
n.
眼泪;
泪水
She
picked
herself
up
and
limped
away
in
tears.
她站起来,
哭着一瘸一拐地走了。
Otherwise,
the
last
drop
of
water
on
the
earth
will
be
human’s
tear!
否则,
地球上的最后一滴水将会是人类的眼泪。
(1)in
tears 流着泪,
含着泪
burst
into
tears
大哭起来
(2)tear
vt.撕开,
撕裂
tear
apart
撕开,
撕碎
(1)The
mother
of
the
boy
was
in
tears
and
told
us
her
story.
?
男孩的母亲满含泪水,
向我们讲述着她的故事。
(2)So
Tomb-Sweeping
Day
is
the
day
which
is
filled
with
tears
as
well
as
laughter.
?
因此,
清明节是既有泪水,
也有欢笑的日子。
(3)When
reading
her
story,
I
was
moved
to
tears
several
times.
?
读到她的故事的时候,
我被感动地哭了好几次。
3.
despair
n.
绝望
vi.
绝望;
感到无望
The
king
was
in
despair.
国王处于绝望之中。
He
gave
up
the
attempt
in
despair.
他在绝望中放弃了这种尝试。
The
boy
in
the
kindergarten
is
the
despair
of
all
his
teachers.
幼儿园里的那个男孩让所有的老师都感到束手无策。
Never
despair
of
success.
不要丧失获得成功的信心。
(1)in
despair 处于绝望之中
the
despair
of
sb.
令某人毫无办法
(2)despair
of
sth.
对……感到绝望或丧失信心
(1)I
could
do
nothing
but
run
from
his
room
in
despair.
我无能为力,
只能绝望地从他的屋里跑开。
(2)Trying
to
keep
this
garden
in
order
is
the
despair
of
my
life.
?
把这个花园管理好是我力不能及的事。
(3)There
are
signs
that
many
voters
have
already
despaired
of
politicians.
有迹象表明,
许多选民对政客已经不抱希望。
4.
a
great
deal
(of)
大量
Thanks
to
papermaking
and
printing,
a
great
deal
of
ancient
information
has
been
kept
in
books.
多亏了造纸术和印刷,
大量的古代信息已被保存在书里。
What
surprised
us
most
was
that
people
were
doing
a
great
deal
to
preserve
the
wetland.
最令我们惊讶的是人们为保护湿地做了很多。
常用于修饰不可数名词的单词和词组
much;
a
(great)
deal
of;
a
bit
of;
(an)(large)amount
of/amounts
of
(1)Undoubtedly,
Gaokao
means
a
great
deal
to
every
Chinese
student.
?
毫无疑问,
高考对每一个中国学生意义重大。
(2)
I
also
have
friends
who
gave
me
a
great
deal
of
encouragement.
?
我也有一些给了我很多鼓励的朋友。
主题活动·迁移应用
1.
请在海报上添加表达“孝顺”的英语词语
Filial
piety
(孝顺)comes
①first
↓
Traditional
Chinese
②culture
↓
↓
↓
↓
respect love
friendly patient
2.
把上面海报内容改写成一篇短文并在班会上宣读
Parents
give
us
life.
They
take
care
of
us
and
love
us.
We
should
all
spend
our
lives
repaying
our
parents’
kindness.
There
is
an
old
saying
that
“filial
piety
comes
first
in
all
the
good
deeds”,
which
means
that
no
matter
how
many
difficulties
we
have,
filial
piety
to
our
parents
comes
first.
The
Chinese
nation
has
been
respecting
the
fine
traditions
of
the
elderly
for
thousands
of
years.
The
story
of
burying
a
son
and
serving
his
mother
and
abandoning
an
official
to
find
his
mother
in
ancient
times
is
enough
to
make
people
amazed,
but
today’s
story
of
donating
a
kidney
to
save
a
child
also
makes
us
moved.
In
fact,
to
honor
our
parents
is
not
to
do
some
great
things
but
to
go
home
often
and
do
more
things
for
our
parents.
PAGE
