Unit
4 Space
Exploration
Discovering
Useful
Structures
动词不定式作定语和状语
1.
Some
scientists
were
determined
to
help
humans
realise
their
dream
to
explore
space.
2.
On
12
April,
1961,
Yuri
Gagarin
became
the
first
person
in
the
world
to
go
into
space.
3.
First
of
all,
you
must
be
intelligent
enough
to
get
a
related
college
degree.
分析上面的句子:
句1和句
2中黑体部分是动词不定式作定语;
句3中黑体部分是动词不定式作状语。
一、动词不定式作定语
1.
动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语,
表示尚未发生的动作。
Let
us
give
him
something
to
eat.
让我们给他一些吃的东西。
We
have
much
homework
to
do
tonight.
今晚我们有很多作业要做。
2.
名词前有first,
last,
next,
only等词以及最高级修饰时,
其后要用动词不定式。
She
was
the
first
woman
to
win
the
gold
medal
in
the
Olympic
Games.
她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。
3.
抽象名词attempt,
ability,
chance,
desire,
determination,
decision,
plan,
way或不定代词something,
nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。
But
Janis
Adkins
has
the
ability
and
desire
to
do
useful
work.
但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。
4.
当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
I
usually
have
a
lot
of
meetings
to
attend.
我通常有很多会议要参加。
She
is
a
nice
person
to
work
with.
她是一个很好的合作伙伴。
5.
当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。
We
must
find
a
person
to
do
the
job.
我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。
We
need
someone
to
go
and
get
a
doctor.
我们需要有人去请医生。
6.
当名词与定语有同位关系时。
We
got
the
order
to
leave
the
city.
我们接到了离开这个城市的命令。
语法填空。
(1)
The
airport
to
be
completed
(complete)
next
year
will
help
promote
tourism
in
this
area.
?
(2)
Do
you
have
anything
to
do(do)
tonight?
?
(3)
The
best
way
to
improve
(improve)
your
English
is
to
join
an
English
club.
?
二、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式在句中作状语,
主要用来修饰动词和形容词,
也可用来修饰副词。在句中,
不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等,
可表示目的、原因及结果等。
1.
目的状语,
置于句首或句末,
置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气,
常与in
order或so
as
组成短语。
A
group
of
young
people
got
together
to
discuss
this
question.
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
In
order
to
help
him,
we
would
do
everything
we
can.
为了帮助他,
我们将尽我们所能。
不定式作目的状语
(1)不定式作目的状语时,
其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。
I
said
that
to
encourage
him.
我这么说是为了鼓励他。
(2)置于句首时只用to
do
/
in
order
to
do。如用于表示否定,
in
order
或
so
as不能省略,
用
in
order
not
to
do
或
so
as
not
to
do形式。
I
walked
quietly
so
as
not
to
disturb
the
baby.
我安静地走路,
以免打扰婴儿。
(3)不定式作目的状语可转换为
so
that
/
in
order
that
或
so.
.
.
that
.
.
.
引导的目的状语从句。
He
worked
very
hard
to
pass
the
exam.
→He
worked
so
hard
that
he
could
pass
the
exam.
→He
worked
hard
so
that/in
order
that
he
could
pass
the
exam.
他非常努力以便能通过考试。
2.
原因状语,
多见于“sb.
+be+adj.
+to
do.
.
.
”结构中。
I
was
very
sad
to
hear
the
news.
听到这个消息我很难过。
3.
结果状语,
多见于“too.
.
.
to”;
“enough
to.
.
.
”;
only
to
do(表示意料之外的结果的发生);
so/such.
.
.
as
to(意为“如此……以至于……”)结构中。
I’m
too
tired
to
do
well.
我太累了做不好。
He
is
old
enough
to
go
to
school.
他到上学的年龄了。
He
rushed
back,
only
to
find
the
book
missing.
他冲了回来,
却发现书不见了。
She
is
so
proud
as
to
look
down
upon
others.
她太骄傲了,
看不起别人。
4.
独立动词不定式多用作插入语,
表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
I’d
like
to
stay
healthy,
but
to
be
honest,
I
only
eat
food
that
tastes
good.
我想保持健康,
但说实话,
我只吃味道好的食物。
现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别
(1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。
Anxiously,
she
took
the
dress
out
of
the
package
and
tried
it
on,
only
to
find
it
didn’t
fit.
她焦急地从包裹中取出裙子,
然后试穿了一下,
结果发现它不合身。
(2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的,
必然造成的结果。
His
father
passed
away,
leaving
him
a
little
money.
他的父亲去世了,
只给他留了一小部分钱。
语法填空。
(1)To
work
out(work
out)
the
difficult
maths
problem,
I
have
consulted
Professor
Russell
several
times.
?
(2)To
learn(learn)
more
about
Chinese
culture,
Jack
has
decided
to
take
Chinese
folk
music
as
an
elective
course.
?
(3)He
hurried
to
the
station
only
to
find
(find)
the
train
had
left.
?
(4)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)We
travel
on
Day
2
to
northern
France
to
visit
(visit)
the
World
War
Ⅰ
battlefields.
?
(5)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
When
the
gorillas
and
I
frightened
each
other,
I
was
just
glad
to
find
(find)
them
alive.
?
(6)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
Join
us
to
taste
(taste)
a
variety
of
fresh
local
food
and
drinks.
?
【知识延伸】动词不定式作主语、表语和宾语
1.
不定式作主语,
表示具体的某次动作。若不定式结构比较复杂,
常用it
作形式主语,
真正的主语放在句子的后面。
To
do
morning
exercises
is
useful
for
our
health.
做早操对我们的健康有益。
It’s
important
for
us
to
learn
English
well.
学好英语对我们来说很重要。
2.
不定式作表语,
表示将来的情况,
说明主语的内容。其主语常常是wish,
idea,
task,
purpose,
duty,
job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
His
dream
is
to
be
a
doctor.
他的梦想是成为一名医生。
My
work
is
to
clean
the
room
every
day.
我的工作是每天打扫房间。
3.
不定式作宾语,
常跟在某些动词后。
(1)不定式作宾语的动词的记忆口诀:
决心学会选计划,
拒绝答应想假装;
主动设法愿希望,
同意请求帮一帮;
准备威胁易声称,
渴望申请败踌躇。
其对应的动词分别为:
decide/determine,
learn,
choose,
plan,
refuse,
promise,
want/attempt,
pretend,
offer,
manage,
expect/wish/hope,
agree,
ask/beg,
help,
prepare,
threaten,
tend,
claim,
desire/long,
apply,
fail,
hesitate。
(2)若不定式结构比较复杂,
通常用
it
作形式宾语,
真正的宾语放在句子的后面,
该用法常见的动词有think,
find,
make,
believe,
consider,
suppose,
feel等。
He
can’t
afford
to
buy
the
expensive
car.
他买不起那辆昂贵的汽车。
I
think
it
useful
to
learn
a
foreign
language.
我认为学习一门外语是有用的。
I
feel
it
my
duty
to
say
that
you
are
wrong.
我觉得我有责任说你错了。
【补偿训练】语法填空。
(1)She
had
agreed
to
go(go)
and
see
a
movie
with
him.
(2)The
man
downstairs
found
it
difficult
to
get
(get)
to
sleep.
(3)
My
ambition
is
to
work(work)
for
a
firm
that
develops
computer
software
when
I
grow
up.
(4)He
prefers
to
eat(eat)
white
bread
and
rice.
?
李华正在和同学张青谈论他的宇航员梦想,
请根据语境和提示完成对话。
Zhang:
I
1.
am
delighted
to
know
(很高兴得知)you
are
interested
in
the
space
exploration.
?
Li:
Indeed,
I’d
like
to
be
an
astronaut
in
the
future.
Zhang:
Sounds
good.
2.
To
become
an
astronaut(要想成为一名宇航员),
you
need
to
satisfy
the
requirements
of
a
qualified
astronaut.
?
Li:
Yes.
First
of
all,
I
should
study
hard
3.
to
get
a
related
college
degree(为了得到一个相关的大学学位).
Besides,
I
must
take
exercise
every
day
4.
to
keep
healthy(为了保持健康).
?
Zhang:
Exactly.
Have
you
heard
Yang
Liwei,
who
is
the
first
man
in
China
5.
to
go
into
space
(进入太空),
went
through
lots
of
mental
and
physical
training.
?
Li:
Of
course.
He
is
really
a
hero.
He
realized
our
dream
6.
to
explore
space(探索太空).
?
PAGEUnit
4 Space
Exploration
单元脉图·素养导引
Listening,
Speaking
&
Talking
聆听经典·话题热身
电影《星际迷航》
描述了一代又一代的舰长们不断地把目光投向更遥远的宇宙,
探索银河系,
寻找新的世界、发现新的文明,
勇敢地前往前人未至之地的故事。Lost
in
the
Stars是《星际迷航3:
超越星辰》的主题曲,
演唱者是我国著名歌手张杰。?
注:
听音填空
Lost
in
the
Stars
It’s
a
big
world
And
it’s
①so
full
of
love?
Round
and
round
Can’t
seem
to
get
enough
Of
the
thrill
Hope
the
fun
last
forever
Can’t
you
feel
The
force
pull
us
together
②Turn
it
up?
Let
the
music
take
you
high
Feel
the
love
Put
your
hearts
up
to
the
sky
Every
time
that
the
music
plays
It’s
a
sweet
escape
When
you
feel
this
way
You
know
it’s
right
When
the
music
plays
It’s
③a
sweet
escape?
When
you
feel
this
way
You
know
it’s
right
Live
your
life
No
need
to
dim
your
light
Don’t
think
twice
When
it
feels
alright
Let’s
get
lost
in
the
stars
And
dance
on
the
moon
tonight
Let’s
get
lost
in
the
stars
And
dance
on
the
moon
tonight
Turn
it
up
Let
the
music
④take
you
high?
Feel
the
love
Put
your
hearts
up
to
the
sky
Every
time
that
the
music
plays
It’s
a
sweet
escape
When
you
feel
this
way
You
know
it’s
right
When
the
music
plays
It’s
a
sweet
escape
When
you
feel
this
way
You
know
it’s
right
I
could
be
your
star
So
bright
just
shining
through
the
night
I’ll
take
you
far
so
far
Just
find
your
love
I’ll
go
to
Mars
Mars
Tonight
wishing
that
you’ll
be
my
star
my
star
For
the
whole
night
1.
thrill/θr?l/ n.
激动;
震颤;
紧张
2.
force/f??s/
n.
力量;
武力
3.
escape
/??ske?p/
v.
逃避,
避开,
避免
4.
dim
/d?m/
vt.
使暗淡,
使失去光泽
【歌曲译文】
星际迷航
浩瀚的世界
无尽的爱
旋转不息
永不停歇
激动人心
愿快乐永恒
你感觉到了吗
凝聚我们的动力
动起来吧
让这音乐带你飞
感受爱吧
让心灵触碰天际
每当这音乐响起
就是一次甜蜜的逃离
感觉到了
感觉就对了
每当这音乐响起
就是一次甜蜜的逃离
感觉到了
感觉就对了
活出你的生命
别让它暗淡
感觉到了
就不要想太多
让我们在星际里迷航
在月夜中起舞
让我们在星际里迷航
在月夜中起舞
动起来吧
让这音乐带你飞
感受爱吧
让心灵触碰天际
每当这音乐响起
就是一次甜蜜的逃离
感觉到了
感觉就对了
每当这音乐响起
就是一次甜蜜的逃离
感觉到了
感觉就对了
我可以做你的星辰
点亮你的黑夜
我会带你冲出无限
追寻你的真爱
比火星更远
今晚你将变成我的星辰,
我的星辰
整夜都属于我一人
听说训练·话题实践
Activity
1 Listening
and
Speaking?
Talk
about
how
to
become
an
astronaut
主题情境交流
两个人在谈论宇航员的生活
A:
Hey,
Mary.
We’re
going
to
meet
a
real
astronaut.
Isn’t
it
exciting?
B:
Yeah.
I
can’t
wait
to
see
Captain
Brown!
1.
I’m
really
curious
about
his
life
in
space(我真的很好奇他在太空的生活).
I
have
plenty
of
questions
to
ask
him.
?
A:
Such
as?
B:
Oh,
such
as
“What
facilities
do
they
have
in
space
to
2.
support
their
daily
life(维持他们的日常生活)?
”?
A:
That
sounds
like
a
good
question.
But
I’d
also
like
to
know
about
3.
how
astronauts
sleep(宇航员怎样睡觉).
What
do
they
do
so
as
not
to
float
around
while
they
sleep?
?
B:
I
wonder
how
they
get
exercise
on
space—it’s
not
like
they
4.
can
go
out
jogging(出去慢跑).
?
A:
I’d
never
thought
of
that.
But
then
,
after
they
exercise,
I’m
very
keen
to
find
out
how
they
wash
their
clothes.
B:
Never
mind
that.
I’d
really
like
to
find
out
5.
how
women
astronauts
wash
their
hairs(女宇航员怎样洗头).
?
A:
But
we
are
forgetting
the
most
important
question
of
all,
aren’t
we?
B:
And
what’s
that?
A:
Well,
I’d
really
like
to
find
out
what
they
do
when
they
meet
aliens.
Pronunciation
句子的重音
1.
功能:
体现句子的节奏感和韵律感,
突出重点,
使听者更容易理解。
2.
哪些词在句子中需重读?
一般来说,
在句子中需重读的词都是实词,
比如,
名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词等。不重读的多为虚词,
比如,
冠词、连词、介词、感叹词等。
例如:
The
streets
are
wide
and
clean.
I
am
so
glad
to
see
you
again.
3.
虚词需要重读的情况
(1)强调或突出某个虚词或be动词时,
应将其重读。
—Are
you
a
student?
—Yes,
I
am.
(2)介词在句首时往往要重读。
On
my
way
to
school,
my
bike
was
broken.
(3)be动词及助动词和not结合时要重读。
Didn’t
I
tell
you
yesterday?
(4)句子末尾的be动词和助动词一般要重读。
注意:
上文刚出现过的并且重读的单词,
第二次提到时一般不再重读。
1.
听单词选出每组中重音位置不同的单词。
(1)①apple
②carry
③above
(2)①family
②
ago
③combine
(3)①window
②problem
③attack
(4)①repair
②picture
③begin
答案:
③①③②
2.
听录音标出以下句子中的单词的重音。
①It’s
a
desk.
②Open
your
mouth.
③I
have
three
red
pencils.
Activity
2 Listening
and
Talking?
Talk
about
life
in
space
Ⅰ.
话题词汇
1.
benefit
from
China’s
space
programme
从中国的太空项目中获益
2.
become
the
first
Chinese
astronaut成为中国第一位宇航员
3.
receive
mental
and
physical
training
接受心理上和身体上的训练
4.
in
the
field
of
science在科学领域
5.
improve
the
quality
of
life
提高生活质量
6.
negative
effect
负面影响
7.
scientific
breakthrough科学突破
8.
be
curious
about
astronauts’
life
in
space
对宇航员在太空的生活感到好奇
9.
make
our
life
more
comfortable
and
convenient
使我们的生活更加舒适、方便
10.
with
the
development
of
aerospace
science
and
technology
随着航空航天科技的发展
Ⅱ.
话题句式
1.
The
development
of
science
and
technology
makes
our
life
more
comfortable
and
convenient.
科技的发展使我们的生活更加舒适、方便。
2.
The
journey
to
outer
space
and
other
planets
is
not
a
dream
any
more.
去外太空和其他星球旅行不再是个梦。
3.
There
is
no
doubt
that
we
benefit
a
lot
from
the
scientific
advancements
in
many
different
ways.
毫无疑问,
在许多不同的方面科学的进步使我们受益良多。
4.
I
have
long
been
interested
in
space
exploration.
长期以来我一直对太空探索感兴趣。
5.
How
I
wish
I
had
a
chance
to
travel
into
space!
我多么希望我有机会去太空旅行!
Ⅲ.
话题演练
For
the
astronauts,
the
things
like
eating
food
and
drinking
water
become
very
strange.
Space
food
carried
by
astronauts
should
be
as
light
and
small
as
possible.
1.
How
astronauts
eat(宇航员如何进食)
during
space
flight
is
a
big
test
for
them.
Under
weightless
conditions,
2.
a
cup
full
of
water(一个盛满水的杯子)
can
be
placed
upside
down.
The
water
in
the
cup
will
not
float
or
fall
out
automatically.
If
it
is
3.
placed
on
the
table(被放在桌子上),
the
cup
will
rise
with
the
water.
So,
drinking
water
in
space
is
not
easy.
4.
All
kinds
of
food(各种食物),
parts,
appliances
and
so
on
are
fixed
well.
If
the
astronauts
want
to
drink
water,
they
can
have
5.
soup,
juice
and
jam(汤、汁、果酱)
by
squeezing
it
into
their
mouths.
6.
How
I
wish
I
had
a
chance(我多么希望我有机会)
to
travel
into
space!
?
PAGEUnit
4 Space
Exploration
Reading
and
Thinking
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据语境写出正确的单词
1.
a
famous
astronaut 一位著名的宇航员
2.
the
selection
procedure
选择过程
3.
mental
and
physical
training
身心训练
4.
an
intelligent
answer
一个聪明的回答
5.
the
secrets
of
the
universe
宇宙的秘密
6.
escape
Earth’s
gravity
摆脱地球的引力
7.
make
vehicles
to
carry
people
制造载人的交通工具
8.
determine
to
be
a
explorer
决定做一个探索者?
9.
the
Sputnik
satellite
“旅伴一号”卫星
10.
launch
the
satellite
发射卫星?
11.
orbit
around
Earth
绕地球运转?
12.
America’s
NASA
space
agency
美国宇航局太空总署
13.
transmit
data
传输数据
14.
the
desire
to
explore
the
universe
探索宇宙的欲望?
15.
Shenzhou
5
spacecraft
神舟五号飞船
16.
the
first
Chinese
spacewalk
中国首次太空行走
17.
operate
independently
独立运作
18.
signal
one
step
further
标志着更进一步?
Ⅱ.
根据语境用恰当的介、副词填空
1.
They
make
vehicles
to
carry
brave
people
into
space
to
find
out
the
secrets
of
the
universe.
?
2.
The
USSR
focused
on
sending
people
into
space.
?
3.
People
believe
in
the
importance
of
carrying
on
space
exploration.
?
4.
There
are
lots
of
astronauts
from
different
countries
on
board.
?
5.
Mankind
is
exploring
the
space
in
the
hope
of
finding
out
more
about
the
universe.
6.
It
can
lead
to
an
accident
that
kills
everyone
on
the
large
aircraft.
7.
After
many
experiments,
they
succeeded
in
making
rockets.
?
8.
People
will
always
continue
to
explore
the
universe
so
as
to
learn
its
secrets.
?
Ⅲ.
翻译下列课文原句,
并观察黑体部分
1.
Looking
up
at
the
stars,
people
have
always
wanted
to
learn
more
about
space,
and
scientists
work
hard
to
find
answers.
仰望星空,
人们总是想要更多地了解太空,
科学家们也在努力寻找答案。
2.
Before
the
mid-20th
century,
most
people
felt
travelling
into
space
was
an
impossible
dream.
在20世纪中期以前,
大多数人认为进入太空旅行是一个不可能实现的梦想。
3.
More
recently,
China
has
sent
Chang’e
4
to
explore
the
surface
of
the
far
side
of
the
moon
to
make
measurements
and
observations.
?
最近,
中国发射了“嫦娥四号”探测器,
探测月球背面,
进行测量和观测。
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1.
-al常用于名词之后构成形容词
universe
n.
→universal
adj.
宇宙的
agriculture
n.
→agricultural
adj.
农业的?
globe
n.
→global
adj.
全球的?
2.
-ly常用于形容词之后构成副词
independent
adj.
→
independently
adv.
独立地
honest
adj.
→honestly
adv.
诚实地
careful
adj.
→
carefully
adv.
细心地?
阅读精析·合作学习
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
2.
What
is
the
text
type
of
the
passage?
A.
Narration(记叙文).
B.
Argumentative
Essay(议论文).
C.
Expository
Writing
(说明文).
D.
Practical
Writing
(应用文).
答案:
C
3.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
The
passage
mainly
describes
that
going
into
space
has
become
a
reality.
Despite
many
disasters,
it
has
not
stopped
people
from
exploring
space.
It
also
tells
China’s
rapid
development
in
space
and
a
bright
future
for
space
exploration.
?
【寻技巧·提能力】
1.
如何找出段落大意?
遇到有重点句的段落,
可以删除句子中不重要的部分或者找出句子中重要的部分,
两者虽然意思相同,
但有时删去不重要的,
比直接找重要的容易;
没有重点句的段落,
便要概括。概括段意的难度比找重点句困难。找出各段段落大意后,
排列在一起,
删除重复部分,
优化文句,
就是中心思想。
2.
归纳主题句的要求是什么?
(1)确切。即能准确、恰当地找出文章所反映的思想感情。
(2)完整。即用恰如其分的句子把作者在文章中所反映的主要思想感情不遗漏地表达出来。
(3)简洁。即在确切、完整的前提下,
用最简明扼要的文字来表达。
3.
不同的体裁如何归纳大意?
(1)记叙文:
找出全文的主要事件是什么,
通过事件看作者要表明什么思想感情;
也可以从分析人物入手,
找出人物的性格思想特点,
看作者要表明什么样的思想感情。
(2)说明文:
从说明的对象、被说明的事物的特点及说明的目的入手。
(3)议论文:
从标题、中心论点入手。
总之,
归纳文章的中心思想要从全文着眼,
深入理解全文的主要内容,
全面分析内部联系,
把握全文实质,
就能归纳出文章的中心思想。
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)Which
satellite
was
launched
by
the
USSR
in
1957?
A.
Shenzhou
5.
B.
The
Sputnik
1.
C.
Voyager
1.
D.
The
USSR’s
Soyuz
11.
(2)Who
was
the
first
person
in
the
world
to
go
into
space?
A.
Yang
Liwei.
B.
Neil
Armstrong.
C.
Yuri
Gagarin.
D.
Liu
Yang.
(3)Who
was
the
first
man
to
orbit
Earth
in
Shenzhou
5
spacecraft?
A.
Yang
Liwei.
B.
Zhai
Zhigang.
C.
Fei
Junlong.
D.
Jing
Haipeng.
(4)In
which
satellites
all
the
astronauts
died
during
their
missions?
A.
The
USSR’s
Soyuz
11
and
America’s
Challenger.
B.
Chang’e
4
and
Jade
Rabbit.
C.
Challenger
and
Voyager
1.
D.
Shenzhou
5
and
Shenzhou
6.
(5)What’s
the
attitude
to
the
space
exploration
according
to
the
author?
A.
Supportive.
B.
Neutral.
C.
Objective.
D.
Negative.
答案:
(1)～(5)BCAAA
2.
Reread
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
People
have
always
wanted
to
learn
more
about
space.
Before
the
mid-20th
century,
most
people
felt
(1)travelling
(travel)
into
space
was
an
impossible
dream.
However,
(2)with
the
help
of
scientists,
people
succeeded
in
realizing
their
dream
(3)to
explore
(explore)
space.
On
4
October
1957,
the
Sputnik
1
satellite
(4)was
launched
(launch)
by
the
USSR.
(5)Although/Though
scientists
try
to
make
sure
nothing
goes
wrong,
accidents
can
still
happen.
These
disasters
made
everyone
(6)disappointed(disappoint),
but
people
still
believe
in
the
importance
of
(7)
carrying(carry)
on
space
exploration.
In
2003,
China
became
the
third
country
to
(8)independently
(independent)
send
humans
into
space.
Then
Shenzhou
6
and
7
completed
(9)a
second
manned
orbit
and
the
first
Chinese
spacewalk.
In
spite
of
the
difficulties,
scientists
hope
future
(10)discoveries
(discovery)
will
not
only
enable
us
to
understand
how
the
universe
began,
but
also
help
us
survive
well
into
the
future.
?
3.
Long
sentence
analysis.
(1)They(主语)
also
really
wish
(谓语)to
discover
other
planets
(宾语)(that
are
suitable
enough
to
support
life)(定语从句).
?
译文:
他们也非常希望发现其他适合生命存在的行星。
(2)[After
many
experiments](状语),
they
(主语)succeeded(谓语)
in
making
rockets
(宾语)(that
could
escape
Earth’s
gravity)(定语从句).
?
译文:
经过多次实验,
他们成功地制造出了可以脱离地球引力的火箭。
(3)China(主语)
became(系动词)
the
third
country(表语)
in
the
world
(to
independently
send
humans
into
space
in
2003)(动词不定式作定语),
[when
Yang
Liwei
successfully
orbited
Earth
in
the
Shenzhou
5
spacecraft](when引导时间状语从句).
?
译文:
中国在2003年当杨利伟在神舟五号成功绕地球时成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。
(4)[Despite
the
difficulties](状语),
scientists(主语)
hope
(谓语)future
discoveries
will
not
only
enable
us
to
understand
how
the
universe
began,
but
also
help
us
survive
well
into
the
future(宾语从句).
?
译文:
尽管困难重重,
科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的,
而且还能帮助我们在未来更好地生存。
Task
3 阅读思维升华:
主题实践?
1.
What
do
you
think
of
the
space
exploration?
(Critical
Thinking批判性思维)
I
think
it
is
of
great
benefit
for
us.
Through
further
study
of
space,
people
will
make
full
use
of
it
in
the
future.
?
2.
If
you
are
determined
to
be
an
astronaut,
what
should
you
prepare
at
present?
(Creative
Thinking创造性思维)
First
of
all,
I
should
study
hard
to
get
a
related
college
degree.
Besides,
I
must
keep
mental
and
physical
health.
?
3.
Why
is
China’s
space
industry
developing
so
fast?
(Critical
Thinking批判性思维)
Because
of
China’s
rapid
economic
development
and
the
strengthening
of
scientific
research
exchanges,
as
well
as
the
efforts
of
the
vast
number
of
scientific
research
workers.
?
要点精研·探究学习
1.
determined
adj.
有决心的;
意志坚定的
However,
some
scientists
were
determined
to
help
humans
realise
their
dream
to
explore
space.
然而,
一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
Determined
to
look
after
his
parents
well,
he
moved
to
live
with
them.
下决心好好照顾父母,
他搬去和他们住在一起。
No
matter
what
happens,
she
has
determined
to
tell
the
truth.
无论发生什么事,
她都已经决定把真相说出来。
I
have
determined
on
being
an
astronaut
after
graduation.
我已决定毕业后成为一名宇航员。
(1)be
determined
to
do
sth.
决心做某事
(2)determine
vt.
决定;
确定;
下定决心
determine
to
do
sth.
决定做某事
determine
on/upon
(doing)
sth.
决定……
determine
that
.
.
.
决定……
(3)determination
n.
决心;
决定
【易混辨析】determine、decide、resolve与settle
(1)determine
指经过深思熟虑后决心去做某事并坚持施行。
No
matter
what
you
determine
to
do,
I
would
side
with
you.
不管你决定做什么,
我都会支持你。
(2)decide侧重指经过思考、比较、讨论或询问之后做出的决定。
Whatever
we
decide
to
do
in
the
school
must
be
good
for
the
students
first.
我们在学校里决定要做的任何事情,
都要首先有益于学生。
(3)resolve
语气较强,
强调以坚定不移的信念去做或不做某事,
暗含有远大抱负和坚定决心。
Let
us
resolve
to
do
all
we
can
to
contribute
to
a
safer
environment
for
journalists
and
a
freer
society
for
all.
让我们竭尽所能,
为记者营造一个更安全的环境,
让所有人拥有一个更自由的社会。
(4)settle指排除犹豫、怀疑和争论之后做出的明确的最终结论。
We
haven’t
settled
how
to
get
there.
我们还没有决定如何到达那里。
(1)语法填空。
①His
determined
(determine)
look
suggested
that
he
wouldn’t
change
his
mind.
②Determined
(determine)
to
train
his
daughter
in
English,
he
found
an
English
teacher
for
his
daughter.
?
③It
takes
hard
work
and
determination
(determine)to
reach
the
goals
that
we
want
to
achieve.
?
(2)Sandra
determined
to(决定)
become
a
doctor
and
her
persistence
paid
off.
?
(3)She
is
determined
to
/has
determined
to(决心)
keep
a
journal.
?
2.
disappointed
adj.
失望的;
沮丧的
He
was
disappointed
that
other
guests
were
not
coming.
其他客人没有来,
他感到失望。
I’m
really
disappointed
with/in
you,
Tom.
我对你很失望,
汤姆。
I
was
disappointed
at
not
finding
her
at
home.
我发现她不在家,
感到很失望。
After
his
attempt,
Campbell
was
disappointed
to
learn
that
his
average
speed
had
been
299
miles
per
hour.
坎贝尔做出了努力,
但是非常失望地得知他的平均时速是299英里。
(1)be
disappointed
that.
.
.
对……感到失望
be
disappointed
at/by
sth.
对某事感到失望
be
disappointed
in/with
sb.
对某人失望
be
disappointed
to
do
sth.
因做……而感到失望
(2)disappoint
vt.
使失望
(3)disappointment
n.
失望;
沮丧
to
one’s
disappointment
令某人失望的是
(4)disappointing
adj.
令人失望的;
令人扫兴的
Man
alone
is
born
crying,
lives
complaining,
and
dies
disappointed.
只有人,
生下时啼哭,
活着时抱怨,
去世时失望。
【知识延伸】
(1)现在分词作形容词时通常具有主动关系,
多形容客观事物体现在外的性质,
其修饰对象往往是物,
其意思是:
令人……的。
(2)过去分词作形容词时往往具有被动关系,
多形容人或物的情绪或感受,
其意思是:
感到……。
Thank
you
for
sharing
this
inspiring
story
with
us.
感谢您与我们分享这个令人鼓舞的故事。
After
a
conversation
with
him
one
would
feel
inspired
and
warm
at
heart.
经过与他的一番交谈,
人们能感受到发自心底的鼓舞与温暖。
语法填空。
(1)She
was
disappointed
to
learn(learn)
that
she
had
failed
the
test
at
her
first
attempt.
?
(2)
She
was
disappointed(disappoint)that
he
never
replied
to
her
letter.
(3)When
hearing
the
disappointing(disappoint)news
that
he
was
banned
from
driving,
the
old
man
was
very
disappointed(disappoint).
(4)
From
his
disappointed(disappoint)look,
I
knew
he
didn’t
pass
the
examination.
(5)Much
to
his
disappointment(disappoint),
his
son
is
addicted
to
smoking.
3.
desire
n.
渴望;
欲望
vt.
渴望;
期望
It’s
our
desire
that
you
should
provide
some
money
to
fund
our
program,
as
well
as
offer
us
some
practical
suggestions.
我们渴望你能为我们的项目提供一些资金,
还能提供一些实用的建议。
(2020·天津高考)Greatness
comes
from
a
lasting
desire
to
explore.
伟大来自一种持久的探索欲望。
We
always
desire
to
live
in
peace
with
our
neighbors.
我们一向希望邻里之间和睦相处。
We
desire
that
immediate
help
(should)
be
given
to
the
local
villagers
who
have
been
trapped
by
the
flood.
我们渴望立刻给予那些被洪水围困的当地村民们救援。
(1)desire
to
do
渴望做……
desire
sb.
to
do
希望某人做……
desire
that.
.
.
希望……(从句中用should
do结构,
should可以省略)
(2)a
desire
for
sth.
渴望某事
(3)desirable
adj.
令人满意的;
值得要的
desired
adj.
渴望的;
想得到的
All
men
naturally
desire
to
know.
人的天性皆欲求知。
(这一贴切的比喻启示我们人要时刻学习)
(1)语法填空。
①She
has
no
desire
for
the
life
in
the
city.
That’s
because
she
can’t
adapt
to
the
fast
pace
of
life
there.
?
②Henry
desires
to
receive
(receive)
his
graduation
certificate
soon.
?
(2)The
old
man
desired/desires
his
son
to
earn
his
living(希望他的儿子谋生)
with
dignity.
?
(3)I
had
a
strong
desire(有强烈的渴望)
to
reach
in
and
play
with
the
toy,
but
was
held
back
thankfully
by
the
shop
window.
?
(4)We
desire
to
test
out(希望检验)the
new
robot
within
one
month.
?
(5)He
had
a
computer
at
home,
and
he
desired
that
the
computer
do
all
the
work(做所有的工作)
for
him.
?
4.
carry
on
继续做,
坚持干
After
his
death,
his
next
generation
will
carry
on
his
career.
他去世后,
他的下一代将继承他的事业。
They
carried
on
chatting
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
他们继续聊天,
就像什么事都没有发生过。
Sorry,
I
interrupted
you.
Please
carry
on.
很抱歉我打断了你,
请继续。
Don’t
blame
me.
I’m
just
carry
out
orders.
别怪我,
我只是奉命行事。
We
need
to
carry
out
more
research.
我们需要进行更多研究。
carry
on
(with)
sth.
/doing
sth.
继续(做)某事
carry
out
执行,
实施;
进行
carry
through
帮……渡过难关;
把……进行到底
语法填空。
(1)I
hate
it
when
she
calls
me
at
work—I’m
always
too
busy
to
carry
on
a
conversation
with
her.
?
(2)Although
faced
with
so
many
difficulties,
they
still
carried
on
with
their
research.
?
(3)The
support
of
her
mother
carried
Jane
Goodall
through
and
she
devoted
herself
to
the
study
of
chimps.
(4)He
gave
himself
a
new
name
to
hide
his
identity
when
he
went
to
carry
out
the
secret
task.
5.
signal
n.
信号;
标志vi.
&vt.
标志着;
标明;
发信号
This
signalled
one
step
further
in
China’s
plan
to
establish
a
space
station
in
the
future.
这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。
She
signalled
that
she
was
about
to
turn
left.
她打信号灯表示她就要向左转弯。
My
mother
is
signalling
to
me
to
remove
the
table.
我妈妈在示意我将桌子移开。
When
you
come
across
the
crossing,
you
should
pay
attention
to
the
traffic
signals.
当过十字路口时,
你应该注意交通信号灯。
(1)signal
(to)
sb.
to
do
sth.
示意某人做某事
signal
(sb.
)
that
示意……
signal
sth.
to
sb.
向某人示意……
(2)traffic
signals
交通信号灯
(1)Kurdish
leaders
saw
the
visit
as
an
important
signal
of
support.
?
库尔德领导人将这次访问视作一种表示支持的重要信号。
(2)She
will
be
signalling/signal
great
changes
in
energy
policy.
?
她将暗示能源政策会有重大变化。
6.
so
as
to
(do
sth.
)为了;
以便
People
will
always
continue
to
explore
this
final
frontier
so
as
to
learn
its
secrets.
人们总是会继续探索这最后的边境,
以了解它的秘密。
She
tried
to
slide
into
the
room
so
as
not
to
be
seen
by
other
people.
她设法溜进房间,
目的是不被别人看到。
so
as
to与in
order
to
so
as
to
引导的目的状语不可位于句首,
否定形式是
so
as
not
to;
in
order
to
引导的目的状语位于句首和句中均可,
否定形式是
in
order
not
to
。
All
of
us
worked
hard
in
order
to/so
as
to
pass
the
exam.
=In
order
to
pass
the
exam,
all
of
us
worked
hard.
=All
of
us
worked
hard
so
that/in
order
that
we
could
pass
the
exam.
为了通过考试,
我们都努力学习。
(1)He
got
up
earlier
so
as
to/in
order
to(以便)get
to
school
on
time.
?
(2)In
order
not
to
be
heard(为了不被听见),
she
pointed
her
finger
upwards
to
signal
that
someone
was
moving
about
upstairs.
?
(3)(2018·天津高考)Let’s
not
pick
these
peaches
until
this
weekend
so
that/in
order
that(以便)
they
get
sweet
enough
to
be
eaten.
?
7.
On
12
April
1961,
Yuri
Gagarin
became
the
first
person
in
the
world
to
go
into
space.
?
1961年4月12日,
尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
【句式解构】
本句中the+序数词+n.
+to
do
表示第几个做某事的……。不定式所修饰的名词或代词前面常有only,
first,
last,
next或序数词、形容词最高级等修饰。
I
am
always
the
first
person
to
get
to
the
office.
我总是第一个到达办公室的人。
He
is
always
the
first
to
come
and
the
last
to
leave.
他总是第一个来,
最后一个走。
It
was
the
first
play
to
win
all
three
of
these
major
awards.
它是赢得所有这三项大奖的第一部戏剧。
英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要还有:
①被修饰词前有the
only,
the
very,
the
next等词。
The
next
thing
to
do
is
to
relax
yourself
completely.
下一步要做的事情是完全放松你自己。
②抽象名词time,
way,
ability,
reason,
chance,
courage,
opportunity等后常用不定式作定语。
I
had
a
chance
to
visit
the
Great
Wall
last
month.
上个月我有机会游览了长城。
③表示将来的动作常用不定式作定语。
I
have
something
important
to
tell
you.
我有要事相告。
(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,
不定式后面要有必要的介词。
(2)如果不定式所表示的动作不是由主语发出,
则不定式应使用被动语态。
She
has
only
a
little
room
to
live
in.
她只有一个小房间居住。
I
am
going
to
Beijing
next
week.
Do
you
have
anything
to
be
taken
to
your
son?
我下周打算去北京,
你有东西带给你儿子吗?
(1)She
has
a
child
to
take
care
of.
?
她有一个孩子要照顾。
(2)He
is
not
the
kind
of
man
to
do
such
things.
?
他不是做这种事的人。
(3)She
has
the
kindness
to
help
you.
?
她出于好意帮助你。
(4)Thank
you
for
giving
me
the
chance
to
make
the
speech.
?
谢谢你给我发言的机会。
(5)He’d
always
be
the
first
to
offer
to
help.
?
他总是第一个主动提出帮忙。
8.
Then
Shenzhou
6
and
7
completed
a
second
manned
orbit
and
the
first
Chinese
spacewalk,
followed
by
the
vehicle,
Jade
Rabbit
being
sent
to
the
moon
to
study
its
surface.
此后,
神舟六号和七号完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空行走,
随后,
“玉兔号”被送往月球研究月球表面。?
【句式解构】
(1)过去分词短语followed
by
the
vehicle在句中作伴随状语。
Seated
in
his
car,
he
waved
goodbye
to
all
the
people
who
came
to
see
him
off.
他坐在车上,
向前来为他送行的所有人挥手告别。
(2)过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词通常与句子的主语之间构成被动关系,
或表示动作已完成。
Used
with
care,
one
tin
will
last
for
six
weeks.
如果用得仔细的话,
一罐可以用六周。(表示条件)
Written
in
a
hurry,
this
article
was
not
so
good.
因为写得匆忙,
这篇文章不是很好。(表示原因)
The
teacher
came
in,
followed
by
a
group
of
students.
老师进来了,
后面跟着一群学生。(表示伴随)
语法填空。
(1)Seen
(see)from
the
top
of
the
hill,
the
school
looks
like
a
big
garden.
(2)Given
(give)more
time,
we
could
do
it
much
better.
(3)Encouraged
(encourage)
by
the
teacher,
the
girl
was
very
happy.
(4)Left
(leave)
alone
at
home,
Jenny
didn’t
feel
afraid
at
all.
?
【要点拾遗】
1.
launch
vt.
&
n.
发射;
发起;
上市
NASA
plans
to
launch
a
satellite
to
study
cosmic
rays.
美国国家航空航天局计划发射一颗卫星来研究宇宙射线。
They
launched
a
campaign
to
restore
law
and
order.
他们发起了一项恢复法律和秩序的运动。
It
is
time
I
launched
out
on
my
own.
到了我自己创业的时候了。
He
launched
into
a
lengthy
account
of
his
career.
他开始啰啰嗦嗦地讲述自己的工作经历。
The
police
have
launched
an
investigation
into
the
incident.
警察已经开始对此事件进行调查。
launch
vehicle 运载火箭
product
launch
产品发布
launch
pad
发射台
launch
site
发射场;
发射区
launch
date
下水日期;
发行日期;
上市日期
launch
into
开始做,
投入
launch
out
into
开始从事,
投身于
(1)用launch的适当形式填空。
①The
government
has
launched
an
advertising
campaign
to
encourage
people
to
vote.
?
②When
launched,
the
Macintosh
was
the
smallest
desktop
computer
ever
produced.
(2)Harrigan
launched
into
a
speech
about
the
importance
of
new
projects.
译:
哈里根发表了关于新项目重要性的演讲。
2.
These
disasters
made
everyone
sad
and
disappointed,
but
the
desire
to
explore
the
universe
never
died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,
但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。?
【句式解构】
(1)句中made
everyone
sad
and
disappointed是make的复合结构,
即make+宾语+宾语补足语;
其中sad
and
disappointed作宾语补足语。
(2)make的复合结构如下:
①make
sb.
do
sth.
使/让某人做某事
Our
English
teacher
often
makes
us
retell
the
texts.
我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文。
②make
sb.
/sth.
done
(过去分词)使某人或某事被……
常用于make
oneself
known/heard/understood.
.
.
It’s
too
noisy.
I
can’t
make
my
voice
heard.
太吵了,
我不能让别人听到我的声音。
③make
sb.
/sth.
doing使某人或某物一直做……
He
makes
the
boy
standing
there
all
the
time.
他让那个男孩一直站在那里。
④make
+sb.
/sth.
+adj.
使某人或某物(变得)……
She
knew
that
these
solutions
were
not
going
to
make
me
happy.
她知道这些解决办法不会让我高兴。
⑤make
+sb.
/sth.
+n.
让某人或某物成为……
They
all
want
to
make
Jim
their
monitor.
他们都想让吉姆当班长。
(1)语法填空。
①She
fears
more
guns
on
the
streets
will
make
things
worse(bad).
②He
raised
his
voice
in
order
to
make
himself
understood(understand).
(2)Mary
tried
to
make
us
stay
for
supper(留我们吃晚饭).
?
(3)He
believes
that
the
system
will
make
him
a
better
doctor(让他成为一名更好的医生).
?
3.
This
is
because
people
believe
in
the
importance
of
carrying
on
space
exploration
despite
the
huge
risks.
这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险,
人们仍然相信进行太空探索的重要性。?
【句式解构】
This
is
because.
.
.
为because引导的表语从句。
He
missed
the
first
bus
and
that
was
because
he
got
up
late
this
morning.
他没能赶上第一班车,
那是因为他今天早上起晚了。
You
have
made
great
progress
in
English.
This
is
because
you
have
improved
your
studying
methods.
你在英语方面取得了很大的进步,
这是因为你改进了你的学习方法。
I’ve
got
a
cold;
that
is
why
I
wouldn’t
like
to
have
a
meal.
我感冒了,
那就是我不想吃饭的原因。
This/That
is
because
.
.
.
这/那是因为……
This/That
is
why
.
.
.
这/那就是……的原因。
语法填空。
(1)
From
space,
the
earth
looks
blue.
This
is
because
about
seventy-one
percent
of
its
surface
is
covered
by
water.
?
(2)
He
was
a
reliable
man.
That’s
why
he
was
elected
as
mayor.
拓视野·观天下
1.
China’s
Ministry
of
Science
and
Technology
has
launched
an
online
public
service
platform
to
release
the
latest
technologies
and
innovative
products
for
the
2019-nCoV
epidemic
control.
中国科技部推出了一个在线公共服务平台,
发布新型冠状病毒疫情控制的最新技术和创新产品。
2.
As
China
is
gradually
restoring
order
to
production
and
life,
suppressed
consumption
desire
will
be
unleashed
after
the
epidemic.
随着中国逐渐恢复生产和生活秩序,
受抑制的消费欲望将在疫情后得到释放。
3.
However,
San
Pascual
said
it
is
important
to
audit
a
hospital’s
use
of
plastic
products
and
other
disposables
to
determine
if
they
are
being
used
efficiently.
不过,
圣帕斯夸尔说,
对医院使用的塑料制品和其他一次性用品进行审计,
以确定它们是否得到了有效利用,
这一点很重要。
PAGEUnit
4 Space
Exploration
Reading
for
Writing
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1.
It
is
human
activities
that
have
accelerated
global
(地球)warming.
?
2.
We
agreed
with
his
acute
analysis
(分析)of
the
political situation.
3.
We
could
hear
an
increasingly
heated
argument(争论)
going
on
next
door.
4.
We
met
each
other
regularly(经常;
定期地)
on
Tuesdays
though
we
lived
far
away.
5.
Abraham
Lincoln
only
received
a
limited
(有限的)education
during
his
childhood.
6.
These
two
deaths
have
remained
a
mystery(谜).
7.
A
number
of
the
satellites
record
data
on
land
and
weather
patterns(模式).
8.
They
helped
companies
make
better
heart
monitors(监测仪).
9.
There’s
a
great
shortage
of
resource(资源)
materials
in
many
schools.
10.
Smartphones
(智能手机)have
become
a
part
of
our
lives.
?
Ⅱ.
根据提示用恰当的短语填空
1.
It
is
obvious
that
China
will
make
a
difference(有影响,
有关系)
in
the
world
today
and
tomorrow.
?
2.
In
order
to
provide
for
(提供)such
a
rapidly
increasing
population,
scientists
are
trying
to
find
other
planets.
?
3.
As
a
result(结果),
space-based
science
has
helped
farming
in
its
efforts
to
grow
enough
food
to
feed
Earth’s
increasing
population.
?
4.
Besides,
you’d
better
bring
some
little
gifts,
such
as
(比如)
special
food
or
drinks
from
your
country.
?
5.
We
run
out
of
(用光)coal,
and
had
to
burn
wood.
?
6.
In
closing(最后),
exploring
space
provides
the
world
with
many
different
benefits.
?
7.
Children
are
always
curious
about
everything
and
ask
all
kinds
of
(各种各样的)questions.
?
根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1.
Firstly,
exploring
space
(探索太空)has
already
made
a
difference
in
the
fight
against
world
hunger.
?
2.
Therefore,
it
should
continue
so
as
to
provide
new
and
better
solutions
(为了提供新的和更好的解决办法)to
people’s
short-term
and
long-term
problems.
?
3.
The
greatest
attention
at
present
is
on
Mars
because
it
is
closer
to
Earth(它更接近地球).
?
读写结合·表达升级
如何写正反观点的议论文
Ⅰ.
文本整体理解:
快速浏览文章
1.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
A.
Introducing
different
benefits
of
exploring
space.
B.
Introducing
the
history
of
exploring
space.
C.
Introducing
different
opinions
about
space
exploration.
D.
Introducing
the
development
of
exploring
space.
答案:
A
2.
Fill
in
the
blanks
according
to
the
text.
Ⅱ.
文本细节理解:
关注特色表达
1.
What’s
the
author’s
attitude
to
exploring
space?
A.
Supportive.
B.
Objective.
C.
Neutral.
D.
Negative.
2.
Which
of
the
following
aspects
doesn’t
the
space
exploration
include?
A.
Farming.
B.
Technological
improvements.
C.
Finding
other
planets
to
live.
D.
Building
a
healthy
body.
答案:
1、2.
AD
【话题拓展】
1.
话题特点
通过摆事实、讲道理,
直接表达作者的观点和主张的文体属于议论文。正反观点类议论文是其中的一种,
通常提出某观点或某话题,
并指出对此话题产生的两种对立观点,
对正反两方面的论点进行论证,
最后给出自己的看法。
2.
话题词汇
(1)result
in
导致
(2)in
closing
最后
(3)be
opposed
to
反对
(4)be
in
favor
of
赞成,
支持
(5)be
widely
used
被广泛使用
(6)as
far
as
I
am
concerned
在我看来
(7)make
a
difference
起作用,
有影响
(8)take
.
.
.
into
consideration
把……考虑在内
(9)some
people
argue
that.
.
.
一些人主张……
(10)on
the
one
hand.
.
.
,
on
the
other
hand.
.
.
一方面……,
另一方面……
3.
话题句式
(1)Different
people
have
different
views
on
space
exploration.
不同的人对太空探索有不同的看法。
(2)It
makes
us
feel
proud
of
our
nation.
它使我们为我们的国家感到自豪。
(3)Every
coin
has
two
sides.
事物都有两面性。
(4)Generally
speaking,
its
advantages
can
be
seen
as
follows.
一般来说,
它的优点如下。
(5)Some
people
firmly
believe
we
benefit
a
lot
from
the
scientific
advancements
in
many
different
ways.
有些人坚信,
我们从许多不同方面的科学进步中获益良多。
(6)Taking
all
factors
into
consideration,
we
may
safely
come
to
the
conclusion
that
there
are
quite
a
few
opportunities
in
our
society.
把所有的因素加以考虑,
我们可以有把握地得出结论:
在我们的社会中存在着相当多的机会。
最近,
你班同学就“太空是否值得探索”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下面提供的信息,
用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况,
并谈谈自己的看法。
30%的同学认为太空不值得探索。理由:
1.
离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远;
2.
浪费金钱。
70%的同学认为太空值得探索。理由:
1.
人类已使用卫星进行通讯传播、天气预报;
2.
有望解决人口问题。
注意:
1.
词数80个左右;
2.
可适当增加细节,
以使行文连贯。
遣词造句
完成句子
1.
最近我们班进行了一次热烈的讨论。
Recently
our
class
had
a
heated
discussion.
?
2.
讨论的话题是太空是否值得探索。
The
topic
is
whether
space
is
worth
exploring.
?
3.
30%的同学认为不值得探索。
30%
of
us
think
space
exploration
is
not
worthwhile.
?
4.
他们认为太空探索离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远并且浪费金钱。
They
hold
the
belief
that
space
exploration
is
too
far
away
from
us
and
our
daily
life
and
is
a
waste
of
money.
?
5.
然而,
70%的同学认为太空值得探索。
However,
70%
think
space
is
worth
exploring.
?
6.
我们从中受益很多,
如使用卫星进行通讯传播、天气预报。
We
have
benefited
a
lot
from
it,
such
as
using
satellites
for
communication
and
weather
forecast.
?
7.
在我看来,
探索太空是值得的。
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
it
is
worthwhile
to
explore
the
space.
?
句式升级
8.
用whether引导宾语从句,
将1、2句连接起来
Recently
our
class
had
a
heated
discussion
on
whether
space
is
worth
exploring.
?
9.
用非谓语动词连接3、4句
30%
of
us
think
space
exploration
is
not
worthwhile,
holding
the
belief
that
space
exploration
is
too
far
away
from
us
and
our
daily
life
and
is
a
waste
of
money.
?
10.
用because引导原因状语从句连接5、6句
However,
70%
think
space
is
worth
exploring
because
we
have
benefited
a
lot
from
it,
such
as
using
satellites
for
communication
and
weather
forecast.
?
完美成篇
Recently
our
class
had
a
heated
discussion
on
whether
space
is
worth
exploring.
Students
hold
different
ideas
about
it.
?
30%
of
us
think
space
exploration
is
not
worthwhile,
holding
the
belief
that
space
exploration
is
too
far
away
from
us
and
our
daily
life
and
is
a
waste
of
money.
?
However,
70%
think
space
is
worth
exploring
because
we
have
benefited
a
lot
from
it,
such
as
using
satellites
for
communication
and
weather
forecast.
What’s
more,
with
further
space
research,
we
may
solve
the
population
problem
by
moving
to
other
planets
one
day.
?
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
it
is
worthwhile
to
explore
the
space.
Not
only
can
it
promote
the
development
of
society
but
also
enrich
our
life.
?
要点精研·探究学习
1.
lack
vt.
缺乏;
没有
n.
缺乏;
短缺
Jim’s
real
problem
is
that
he
lacks
confidence.
吉姆的真正问题是他缺乏自信。
(2020·江苏高考)Their
lack
of
exercise
led
to
overweight.
他们缺乏锻炼导致了超重。
More
and
more
high-rise
buildings
have
been
built
in
big
cities
for
lack
of
space.
因为缺乏空间,
大城市建立了越来越多的高楼大厦。
Though
Jack
was
lacking
in
experience,
he
made
up
for
it
in
enthusiasm.
虽然杰克缺乏经验,
但是他以满腔的热情来弥补不足。
(1)(a)
lack
of
.
.
.
缺少……
for
lack
of
.
.
.
由于缺乏……
(2)lacking
adj.
缺乏的;
缺少的
be
lacking
in
sth.
缺少某物
Idle
folks
lack
no
excuses.
懒汉辩解,
何患无辞。
(1)He
is
lacking
in
courage
to
do
the
work.
?
他缺乏做那项工作的勇气。
(2)Lack
of
sleep
could
put
the
birds’
health
at
risk.
?
缺乏睡眠会危害鸟的健康。
(3)They
did
not
close
for
lack
of
customers.
?
他们不是因为缺少顾客才关门的。
2.
argue
vt.
&vi.
论证;
争辩;
争论
The
governments
argue
that
this
will
help
foreigners
better
join
the
society
and
promote
understanding
across
cultures.
政府认为,
这将有助于外国人更好地融入社会,
促进跨文化的理解。
Father
argued
against
improper
recycling.
父亲反对不恰当的回收。
He
was
in
an
argument
with
his
wife
downstairs.
他在楼下与妻子发生了争执。
(1)argue
with 和……争吵
argue
about
因为……争论
argue
that
主张,
认为……
argue
for
赞成;
支持
argue
against
反对;
据理反对
(2)argument
n.
争论
如此“说服”
用argue的相关短语填空。
(1)Let’s
not
argue
about
money.
?
(2)In
this
article
I
will
point
out
some
further
explanations,
and
argue
for
one
of
them.
?
(3)Listen!
I
am
not
going
to
argue
with
you.
?
(4)He
argued
against
the
suggestion.
?
3.
result
in导致;
造成
Work
stress
resulted
in
his
mental
illness.
His
health
is
now
at
risk.
工作压力导致了他精神上的疾病。现在他的健康处于危险中。
His
stomachache
resulted
from
his
eating
too
much.
由于吃得太多,
他肚子疼。
People
have
better
access
to
health
care
than
they
used
to,
and
they’re
living
longer
as
a
result.
人们现在比过去享有更好的医疗服务,
因此寿命更长了。
result
from
由于,
因为
as
a
result
因此
as
a
result
of.
.
.
作为……的结果
【巧学助记】对比记忆result
in与result
from
用result
的相关短语填空。
(1)
Success
results
from
hard
work.
成功来自努力。?
(2)
The
accident
resulted
in
the
death
of
two
passengers.
?
这次事故造成两名乘客死亡。
(3)(2019·江苏高考)As
a
result,
humans
can
perform
very
complex
tasks
with
their
hands.
?
因此,
人类可以用手完成非常复杂的任务。
(4)She
died
as
a
result
of
her
injuries.
她因受伤而死。?
4.
attach
vt.
&
vi.
系;
绑;
贴
Generally
speaking,
parents
attach
great
importance
to
their
children’s
education.
一般来说,
父母很重视孩子的教育。
Attach
a
recent
photograph
to
your
application
form.
请在你的申请表上贴一张近照。
The
hospital
is
attached
to
the
medical
college.
这家医院附属于这所医学院。
attach
.
.
.
to
.
.
.
把……附/系在……上面
attach
importance/value
to
.
.
.
认为……重要/有价值
be
attached
to
附属于;
连在……上
【易混辨析】attach,
add,
fasten三者异同
相同点:
三者都含有“把一件东西或一件事添加于另一件东西或事上”的意义。
不同点:
attach多表示外形上的结合,
可以连得上去,
也可拆得下来,
还可表示比喻的含义。
add,
可用于有形的和无形的东西
fasten系牢,
拴住(有形的东西),
有时可与attach互换
(1)Do
you
attach
any
importance
to
learning
English
well?
?
你认为学好英语重要吗?
(2)The
little
girl
is
attached
to
her
English
teacher.
?
这个小女孩非常喜欢她的英语老师。
(3)We
had
better
attach
labels
to
things
before
we
file
them
away.
我们最好在把东西归档前先给它们贴上标签。
【要点拾遗】
1.
figure
out
弄懂;
弄清楚;
弄明白
To
figure
out
how
much
power
these
devices
are
using,
she
tracked
the
environmental
costs
for
each
product
throughout
its
life.
为了计算出这些设备使用多少电力,
她追踪了每件产品在整个使用过程中的环境成本。
The
medical
students
have
to
figure
out
how
to
treat
the
patient.
医学院的学生必须弄清如何治疗病人。
find
out
找出,
查明;
发现,
揭发
work
out
解决;
算出;
实现;
制定出;
弄懂;
锻炼
(1)I
work
out
at
a
gym
or
swim
twice
a
week.
?
我每周两次在健身房锻炼或游泳。
(2)We
must
figure/work
out
how
to
solve
the
problem.
?
我们必须弄明白如何解决这个问题。
(3)We
found
out
later
that
we
had
been
at
the
same
school.
?
后来我们才弄清楚我们是校友。
(4)I
haven’t
found
anything
out
about
him
yet.
我还没有发现有关他的任何情况。
2.
limited
adj.
有限的
It
is
a
waste
of
limited
resources.
这是对有限资源的一种浪费。
My
life
is
limited,
but
learning
is
limitless.
吾生也有涯,
而知也无涯。
Don’t
take
it
for
granted
that
natural
resources
can
be
used
without
limit.
不要理所当然地以为自然资源是取之不尽、用之不竭的!
(1)limitless
adj.
无限制的;
无界限的
limit
v.
&
n.
限制
limitation
n.
限制,
能力上的不足
(2)set
a
limit
to.
.
.
为……设置一个限制/极限
without
limit
没有限制,
无极限
(3)limit
sth.
to
将某物限制在……范围内
(1)语法填空。
①There
is
limited(limit)
time
to
finish
the
task.
②The
organization
committee
set
a
limit
to
the
number
of
each
delegation.
③I
know
my
limitations(limit),
so
I
won’t
do
the
things
beyond
my
ability.
(2)(2019·北京高考)With
her
talent
and
determination,
it
appears
that
the
sky
could
be
the
limit
for
Alice
Moore.
译:
凭借她的才华和决心,
爱丽丝·穆尔似乎前途无量。
3.
run
out
用完;
耗尽
In
the
future,
caring
for
the
environment
will
become
very
important
as
earth’s
natural
resources
run
out.
在未来,
爱护环境将会很重要,
因为地球的资源将濒临枯竭。
By
the
time
the
traffic
clears,
we
will
have
run
out
of
gas.
到交通通畅的时候,
我们的油就要用完了。
【易混辨析】run
out
of,
run
out,
give
out,
use
up
run
out
of
“用完了”,
是及物动词短语,
表示主动意义,
主语一般是人
run
out
“……用完了”,
是不及物动词短语,
其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词
give
out
“用尽;
筋疲力尽”,
为不及物动词短语
use
up
“用完;
消耗尽”,
为及物动词短语
(1)I
have
learnt
that
the
problem
of
air
pollution
is
universal
and
that
we
were
likely
to
run
out
of
some
natural
resources.
?
我了解到空气污染问题是全球性的,
而且我们可能会耗尽一些自然资源。
(2)He’s
leaving
this
position,
because
his
term
of
office
has
run
out
.
他就要离开这个工作岗位了,
因为他的任期已满。?
(3)(2019·天津高考)We’ve
all
known
people
who
run
out
of
steam
before
they
reach
life’s
halfway
mark.
?
我们都知道有些人在到达生命的中途之前就会失去动力。
(4)句型转换。
We
ran
out
of
time
before
the
party.
→Our
time
ran
out
before
the
party.
?
聚会前我们没时间了。
主题活动·迁移应用
1.
下列表格中列出了一些有关神舟五号宇宙飞船的具体信息
China’s
Space
Mission
Mission
Launch
time
LaunchVehicle
Astronaut
Mission
goal
The
Shenzhou
5spacecraft
09:
00
on
October
15,
2003.
LongMarch
2Fcarrier
rocket
Yang
Liwei
the
astronauts’
living
environment
2.
把上面表格中的内容改写成一篇短文并在班会上宣读
The
Shenzhou
5
spacecraft
was
launched
by
a
Long
March
2F
carrier
rocket
at
09:
00
on
October
15,
2003.
It
is
China’s
first
manned
spacecraft,
with
an
astronaut,
Yang
Liwei,
in
orbit
for
a
day.
Its
main
mission
is
to
comprehensively
assess
the
manned
environment,
obtain
relevant
data
on
the
astronauts’
living
environment
and
safety
in
space,
and
comprehensively
assess
the
performance,
reliability,
safety
and
inter-system
coordination
of
various
engineering
systems.
PAGE
