湖南中考专题第一轮总复习 第九讲 情态动词和主谓一致（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第九讲
情态动词和主谓一致
【知识梳理】
一、情态动词
情态动词是表示说话人的情感、态度或语气的动词，在句中不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形连用构成谓语。
情态动词
用法
can
(1)表示能力，意为“能；会”。He
can
play
basketball,
but
I
can’t.(2)表示请求、允许，意为“可以”。You
can
go
now.(3)表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句或疑问句中。That
can’t
be
Mr.
Wang.
He
is
at
home.
could
(1)can的过去式，表示过去的能力。I
could
swim
when
I
was
seven
years
old.(2)在疑问句中表示委婉的请求。Could
you
please
tell
me
where
the
bank
is?
may
(1)表示请求、许可，意为“可以”。May
I...?表示许可时，否定回答用mustn’t或can’t。May
I
ask
you
a
question?(2)表示推测，常用于肯定句，意为“可能，也许”。She
may
be
at
home.(3)表示祝愿。May
you
succeed.
might
(1)may的过去式。(2)表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉。
must
(1)表示主观看法，意为“必须”。You
must
stay
at
home.(2)表示有把握的猜测，意为“一定是”，用于肯定句中。The
light
is
on.
He
must
be
at
home
now.
(3)在否定句中，mustn’t表禁止。以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must或have
to，否定回答用needn’t或don’t
have
to，表示
“不需要，不必”。—Must
I
finish
my
homework
now?—Yes,
you
must./No,
you
needn’t.
have
to
不得不，表示客观原因。I
have
to
clean
the
room.
need
(1)表示“需要”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为“不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答为must或have
to，否定回答为needn’t。—Need
I
stay
here?—Yes,
you
need./No,
you
needn’t.(2)作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，其后多接动词不定式。He
needs
to
speak
English
more.
will
用于第二人称表示询问、请求，也可以表达现在的“意愿”。Will
you
pass
me
the
book?We
will
do
anything
for
you.
would
用来表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。Would
you
like
to
have
a
cup
of
tea
with
me
this
afternoon?
shall
用于第一人称表示征求意见、询问。Shall
I
open
the
window?
should
(1)shall的过去式。(2)表示义务、责任，意为“应该”。We
should
obey
the
traffic
rules.
【例题讲解】
1.I
was
with
her
in
town
just
now.
She
______
be
in
England
now.
A.
can’t
B.
needn’t
C.
mustn’t
2.Look
out!
The
knife
is
very
sharp.
You
______
cut
your
finger.
A.
need
B.
must
C.
may
3.—May
I
stop
here?
—No,
you
_____.
A.mustn’t
B.may
not
C.won’t
4.He
_______
be
ill.
He
looks
so
pale.
A.
must
B.
can
C.
may
5.—Must
we
hand
in
our
homework
now?
—No,
you
______.
A.mustn’t
B.
can’t
C.
needn’t
6.We
_______
to
protect
animals.
A.
must
B.should
C.
need
7.—Excuse
me,
_______
I
take
the
magazine
out
of
the
reading
room?
—Sorry,
you
can’t.
Just
here,
please.
A.may
B.would
C.must
8.As
long
as
you
keep
practicing
speaking
English
every
day,
you
_______
speak
it
well.
A.need
B.can
C.should
二、主谓一致
英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词所采取的形式，这被称作主谓一致。
1.语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
①当and或both...and...连接名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom
and
Mike
are
good
friends.
Both
Lucy
and
Lily
are
students.
②不定代词
either,
neither,
each
one,
the
other,
another,anybody,
anyone,
anything,
someone,
somebody,
something,
everyone,everybody,
everything.,
nobody,none,
nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Is
there
anything
wrong
with
your
bike?
Everyone
is
ready
for
the
sports
meeting.
③由each,each...
and
each…,
every…
and
every…作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词用复数。
Each
of
us
has
got
a
book.
Each
boy
and
each
girl
was
given
a
new
book.
The
children
each
have
an
apple.
④主语后接有with,
along
with,
together
with,
as
well
as,
like,
including,
besides,except,but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
Mr.
Green
with
his
wife
and
two
daughters
is
coming
to
Beijing.
⑤“
a
number
of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式；the
number
of+名词复数“作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
A
number
of
trees
are
cut
down.
The
number
of
students
in
our
class
is
32.
⑥“
a
lot
of
(
lots
of,
plenty
of,
a
pile
of,
most
of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+of+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。
Lots
of
people
have
been
there.
⑦由“a
pair/
kind
+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs/kinds+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A
pair
of
shoes
is
under
the
chair.
⑧由两部分构成的表示物体的名词(如trousers,shorts,
shoes,
gloves...)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
My
shoes
were
won
out.
⑨不定式或V-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Mending
the
car
is
his
job.
To
learn
English
well
isn’t
very
easy.
2.意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
①由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。
The
teacher
and
writer
is
coming
to
give
us
a
report
next
week.
②表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词、短语作主语时一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Three
years
is
a
long
time.
③集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group...)如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。
The
crowd
are
fighting
for
their
lives.
④people,
police,cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词复数形式。
The
police
are
helping
a
girl
find
her
mother.
⑤one
and
a
half的后面要接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词复数形式；one+单数名词+and+a
half作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
One
and
a
half
cakes
are
a
good
meal
for
the
monkey
One
cake
and
a
half
is
a
good
meal
for
the
monkey
⑥“the+姓氏名词复数”表示“…一家”或“……夫妇”，当它在句中作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式。
The
Blacks
enjoy
working
in
China.
⑦某些名词以s结尾如maths,
politics,
physics,
news等，谓语动词应用单数。
Physics
is
a
very
interesting
subject.
3.就近原则
就近原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近它的用作主语的名词。
①由either..or.,
neither.nor.,
not
only…but(also)…,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在数上保持一致。
Not
only
my
parents
but
also
I
am
looking
to
meeting
my
uncle.
②There
be...和
Here
be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。
There
is
a
table
and
two
chairs
in
Tom's
room.
There
are
two
chairs
and
a
table
in
Tom's
room.
【例题讲解】
1.
Two
days
_______enough
for
me
to
finish
the
work.
I
need
a
third
day.
A.
isn’t?
B.
is
C.
aren’t???????
2.—How
many
lessons
do
you
usually
have
a
day?
　—Six
lessons
a
day.
And
each
of
them
_____45
minutes.
A.
last
B.
lasts
C.
have
3.Everyone
except
Tom
and
John
_____there
when
the
meeting
began.
A.
were
B.
is
C.was
4.Half
of
the
students
_____
from
abroad.
?A.
is
B.
are
C.
comes
5.More
than
70%
of
the
earth
_____
covered
with
water.
?A.
is
B.
are
C.has
6.Here
_____
some
flowers
and
some
money
for
you.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
have
7.
Physics
_____
a
course
that
every
student
must
take.
A.
have
B.
is
C.
are
8.
Neither
the
teacher
nor
the
students
_____
in
the
classroom
at
that
moment.
A.were
B.
was
C.
weren’t?
There
be
句型
▲概念：表示“在某一地点或时间有某人或者某物”
▲基本结构：There
be+
主语
+
时间/地点状语
★肯定句：There
be+
主语
+
时间/地点状语
There
is
a
pen
on
the
desk.
★否定句：There
be+
not(any)主语
+
时间/地点状语
There
isn’t
a
boy
in
the
classroom.
★一般疑问句：Be
there
(any)+主语+某地？
肯定回答：Yes,
there
is/are.
否定回答：No,
there
isn’t
/aren’t.
-Is
there
any
a
lamp
in
your
classroom?
-Yes,
there
is.
-No,
there
isn’t.
★特殊疑问句：有两类
1）当对There
be结构中作主语的名词提问，无论单复数都用“What’s
+地点？”
—What’s
(there)
in
the
box?
—There
are
many
grapes.
当对There
be结构中表示数量词的提问，常用句型为:
“How
many
+复数名词+are
there+
某地？”
—How
many
umbrellas
are
there
behind
the
door?
—There
are
three.
▲注意要点
there
是引导词，没有实际意义。
Be
是谓语动词，时态通过be
的变化可以表现出来。即（is/are/was/were）
遵循就近原则。Be动词的单复数形式要与最近的主语保持一致。
There
is
a
big
apple
and
two
oranges
on
the
table.
There
are
two
oranges
and
a
big
apple
on
the
table.
be
动词也可以被live,
come,
go
,lie,
stand
等词替换，
There
stands
a
big
tree
on
the
top
of
mountain.
there
be
句型和情态动词的连用。情态动词置于be
动词之前。
There
must
be
many
people
in
the
room.
there
be
句型和have
句型可以替换
There
are
three
people
in
the
classroom.=
It
has
three
people
in
the
classroom.
there
be
的时态
There
is/
are
+主语+其他（一般现在时）
There
was/were+主语+其他
(一般过去时)
There
will
be+主语+其他
(一般将来时，单复数)
There
is
going
to
be
+主语+其他
(一般将来时,单数)
There
are
going
to
be
+主语+其他
(一般将来时，复数)
在there
be
句型中something用于肯定句,anything用于否定句
【中考链接】
情态动词2014—2019年湖南中考题组
1.2019郴州市
—May
I
take
the
magazine
out
of
the
reading
room?
—No,
you
_______.Please
read
it
here.
A.
mustn't
B.
wouldn't
C.
needn't
2.
2019邵阳市—Will
Sam
go
to
the
cinema
with
us
tonight？
—I'm
not
sure.
He______not
be
free.
A.
may
B.
should
C.
can
3.2019湘潭市
—Who
is
singing
in
the
next
room?
—It____be
Lisa,
but
I'm
not
sure.
A.
must
B.
may
C.
need
4.2019湘西州
一Is
that
boy
Scott?
一No,
it_____be
Scott.
Scott
is
much
taller.
A.
can
B.
can't
C.
mustn't
5.
2019益阳市—Whose
volleyball
is
this?
—It
_____
be
Linda's.
She
loves
volleyball.
A.
must
B.
can't
C.
needn't
6.(2018长沙,22)—Is
the
man
over
there
Adam?
—It
be
him.
He
has
gone
to
Hong
Kong
on
vacation.
A.must
B.can't
C.mustn't
7.(2018怀化,27)—Mike,
I
can't
stop
playing
computer
games.
—For
your
eyes,
my
dear
friend,
I'm
afraid
you
.
A.have
to
B.may
C.must
8.(2018邵阳,27)—Must
I
go
home
now?
—No,
you
.
A.mustn't
B.needn't
C.shouldn't
9.(2017长沙,27)—Philips,
you
make
so
much
noise
when
your
little
sister
is
sleeping?
—Sorry,
Mum.
I'll
stop
right
away.
A.can
B.may
C.must
10.(2017株洲,21)We
build
our
country
into
a
country
of
peace,
a
country
of
wealth,
a
country
of
opening
up.
A.might
B.should
C.could
11.(2017永州,25)—Must
we
finish
the
homework
now?
—
.
Our
teacher
doesn't
ask
us
to.
A.Yes,
we
must
B.No,
we
mustn't
C.No,
we
needn't
12.(2016长沙,27)—Finally,
they
came
back.
—They
be
hungry
after
such
a
long
walk.
A.can't
B.must
C.needn't
13.(2016株洲,24)The
passengers
show
their
ID
cards
before
getting
on
the
plane.
A.might
B.must
C.could
14.(2016郴州,26)—Mum,I'm
going
climbing.Must
I
clean
the
room
now?
—No,
you
.
You
can
do
it
this
evening.
A.can't
B.mustn't
C.needn't
15.(2016常德,28)—Is
Tom
coming
by
train?
—He
drive
his
car.
I'm
not
sure.
A.can't
B.may
C.must
16.(2016衡阳,24)—Mum,
I
visit
the
Science
Museum
tomorrow?
—I'm
afraid
you
can't.
It
is
closed
on
Mondays.
A.must
B.may
C.should　????
17.(2016益阳,26)—Can
I
use
your
dictionary,
Grace?
—Sure.
But
you
?return
it
after
class.
A.can
B.must
C.may
18.(2015张家界,29)You
tell
anybody
about
this—it's
a
secret.
A.can
B.must
C.mustn't
19.(2015长沙,21)—
I
use
your
dictionary?
—Of
course.
But
please
return
it
to
me
before
you
leave.
A.Must
B.Need
C.May
20.(2014张家界,30)—Bill,
be
careful!
—Don't
worry.
I
break
it.
A.can't
B.won't
C.shouldn't
21.(2014湘潭,35)—Hello!
Han
Lei,
I'm
a
reporter
from
Hunan
TV.
I
ask
you
some
questions?
—Yes,
go
ahead.
Should
B.May
C.Must
2016—2019年模拟·基础题组
1.广益全真模拟
Many
teenagers
are
fond
of
extreme
sports,
such
as
climbing
and
parkour（跑酷）.
Before
trying
such
sports,
they
________
learn
safety
rules
first.
A.
should
B.
may
C.
could
2.麓山国际二模
There
is
somebody
at
the
door.
Who
may
it
be?
Is
it
a
postman?
-No.
It
be
him.It’s
just
six
o'clock
in
the
morning.
It's
too
early.
A.
can't
B
may
not
C.
mustn't
3.
南雅二模--Mum,
I've
signed
for
the
box.
What's
in
it?
--I'm
not
sure.
It
be
a
present
from
your
uncle
A
need
B
may
C
must
4.
青竹湖联考
-Would
you
please
show
me
how
to
use
the
latest
phone
made
in
America?
--I’
m
afraid
I
I
have
always
been
using
Huawei
mobile
phones.
A.wouldn't
B.
won't
C.
can't
5师梅全真模拟
--Need
I
stay
here
any
longer?
--Y
es,
you
A
must
B.
could
C
may
6.教科院模拟A
—
Must
I
finish
my
homework
before
I
hang
out
with
my
friends
this
afternoon,
Mom?
—
No,
you
________.
You
can
finish
it
on
the
weekend.
A.
mustn’t
B.
can’t
C.
needn’t
7.教科院模七
---
How
soon
will
you
be
back,
Dad?
---
I
________be
back
as
soon
as
I
________
my
work,
honey!
A.
must;
will
finish
B.
can’t;
finish
C.
shall;
finish
8.
教科院模四—
Must
I
do
project
on
my
own?
—
No,
you
________.
You
can
work
with
your
classmates.
A.
needn’t
B.
can’t
C.
mustn’t
9.
教科院模五—
Look!
The
man
at
the
school
gate
________
be
our
headmaster.
—
No,
it
________
be
him.
He
is
holding
a
meeting
in
the
office
now.
A.
must;
mustn’t
B.
must;
can’t
C.
can;
needn’t
10.
教科院模一—Is
this
pair
of
sports
shoes
Lucy's?
—That
________
be
hers.
She
is
not
really
into
sports.
A
.
mustn't
B.
must
C.
can't
11.（2020教科所模卷三,27）—
Must
I
hand
in
my
English
report
today?
—
No,
you
__________.
You
can
hand
it
in
by
Friday.
A.
needn’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
can’t
12.（2020教科所模卷六,27）—You
know
what?
National
Day
holiday
this
year
will
be
eight
days
long!
—Yeah,
I
also
learnt
it
from
the
news,There_________long-distance
travel
across
our
country.
A.can
be
less
B.must
be
more
C.
can't
be
more
13.（2020教科所模卷七,24）一_____________we
arrive
at
the
airport
before
6
o'clock?
一Yes,
the
guide
told
us
to
do
so.
A.
May
B.
Must
C.Can
16.（2020教科所模卷一,29）The
only
one
of
the
girls
who_______late
for
school
this
morning
is
standing
over
there.
A.was
B.
were
C.
are
17.（2020教科所模卷五,29）Betty
together
with
her
parents
often
________
climbing
the
mountains
on
weekends,
and
now
she
is
an
experienced
mountain
climber.
A.
go
B.
have
gone
C.
goes
主谓一致2014—2019年湖南中考题组
1.
2019郴州市—Lucy,
there
______too
many
things
on
the
desk.
What
a
mess!
—Sorry,
Mum.
I'll
put
them
away.
A.
have
B.
is
C.
are
2.
2019湘潭市______is
unhealthy
for
us
to
go
to
school
without
eating
breakfast
in
the
morning.
A.
That
B.
This
C.
It
3.
2019湘西州一There_____a
book
sale
in
our
school.
Would
you
like
to
have
a
look
with
me?
一Sure.
I'd
love
to.
A.
is
B.
have
C.
are
4.(2018郴州,28)—I
saw
Tom's
father
bought
lots
of
books
yesterday.
—That's
not
strange.
Not
only
Tom
but
also
his
father
　　????
reading.
A.enjoy
B.enjoys
C.enjoyed
5.(2017益阳,26)The
number
of
people
in
the
city　　????
about
seven
million
now.
A.are
B.has
C.is
6.(2017长沙,26)Not
only
my
parents
but
also
my
sister
　　????
crazy
about
the
TV
play
In
the
Name
of
People.
A.is
B.are
C.have
been
7.(2016郴州,25)—Look!A
woman
with
three
children　　????crossing
the
street.
—Let's
help
them.
A.is
B.are
C.was
8.(2016常德,25)Fifty
yuan　　????enough.
A.is
B.am
C.are
9.(2016永州,30)Neither
Li
Hua
nor
I　　????good
at
writing.
A.am
B.is
C.are
10.(2016张家界,17)Playing
computer
games
too
much　　????bad
for
students'
health.
A.am
B.is
C.are
11.(2014益阳,35)　　????of
the
students
in
our
class　　????girls.
A.Two
fifth;is
B.Two
fifth;are
C.Two
fifths;are
12.(2014永州,28)There　　????some
milk
and
two
eggs
on
the
table.
A.is
B.are
C.has
13.(2014常德,25)Lucy
and
Lily　　????some
things
in
common.You
know,
they
are
twins.
A.has
B.have
C.had
2016—2019年模拟·基础题组
1.
师梅月考一Not
only
my
friends
but
also
I
__________
interested
in
football
and
Messi
is
our
favorite
star.
A.
are
B.
am
C.
is
2.
师梅月考一---
What
__________
the
number
of
the
students
in
your
school?
---
About
two
thousand.
A
number
of
them
__________
from
the
countryside.
A.
is;
are
B.
are;
are
C.
are;
is
3.
雅礼月考一Not
only
my
classmates
but
also
Simon
often
__________
me
with
my
English.
A.
help
B.
helps
C.
to
help
4.
青竹湖月考一—You
exercise
a
lot
more
than
before.
Good
for
you!
—Yes.
Not
only
I
but
also
my
mother
and
my
sister
often
_______
now.
A.
do
sports
B.
does
sports
C.
doing
sports
5.
青竹湖月考一—Alice,
look
at
the
signs
about
rubbish
sorting(分类).
—Yeah,
they
are
everywhere.
Everyone
_______
attention
to
it.
A.
need
pay
B.
needs
to
pay
C.
needs
paying
6.
麓山国际月考一---
What
do
you
think
of
the
action
movie
Fast
and
Furious
8?
---
______
my
dad
______
my
mom
likes
it.
They
both
like
action
movies.
A.
Either;
or
B.
Not
only;
but
also
C.
Both;
and
7.
师大博才期中I
get
two
tickets
for
Jay
Chou's
concert
in
Changsha,
so
you
Mike
has
the
chance
to
go
with
me.
A.
both,
and
B.
either,
or
C.
not
only,
but
also
8.
湘一芙蓉期中-The
number
of
students
over
10
thousand
this
year.
--Yes.
A
large
number
of
students
so
far
because
the
university
is
so
famous.
A.is,have
come
B.
is,has
come
C.are,has
come
9.(2018
周南实验中学期末,29)Ten
years
　　????
since
he
left
here.
A.have
passed
B.has
passed
C.passes
10.(2017长沙一中教育集团期中考试,26)A
number
of
small
inventions　　????
on
show
at
the
fair.
I
think
the
number
of
them　　????
over
1,000.
A.is;is
B.are;is
C.is;are
11.(2017周南实验中学模拟一,22)Not
only
you
but
also
everyone
here　　????
watching
football
matches.
A.likes
B.like
C.is
like
12.(2017长沙麓山国际实验学校限时训练五,29)—One
of
my
friends　　????
moved
to
America.
I
miss
her
so
much.
—I
know.
You
are　　????
to
your
friends.
A.has;friendly
B.has;friend
C.have;friendly
13.(2016长沙周南教育集团模拟,23)—Look!
There　　????
a
number
of
apples
on
those
trees.
—Wow!I
think
the
number
of
the
apples　　????
over
100.
A.is;are
B.is;is
C.are;is
14.(2016长沙周南实验中学期中,26)—How
soon
can
you
finish
the
work?
—With
the
help
of
the
machine,
two
weeks　　????
enough
for
me.
is
B.are
C.was
第九讲
情态动词和主谓一致
参考答案
情态动词2014-2020年湖南中考题组
1-5
AABBA
6-10
BABCB
11-15CBBCB
16-20BBCCB
21B
2017—2020年模拟基础题组
1-5
BABAB
6-10
BBABB
11-15ABBAC
主谓一致2014-2020年湖南中考题组
1-5
CCABC
6-10
AAAAB
11-13CAB
2017—2020年模拟基础题组
1-5
BABAB
6-10
BBABB
11-14AACA
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
HYPERLINK
"http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)